CN117693336A - 抑郁症的治疗 - Google Patents
抑郁症的治疗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开涉及以下组合的给药:1)约100‑110mg、约104‑106mg、或约105mg的盐酸安非他酮,或摩尔当量量的游离碱的形式或另一种盐的形式的右美沙芬;和2)约40‑50mg、约44‑46mg或约45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的游离碱的形式或另一种盐的形式的右美沙芬游,用于治疗具有一定水平的右美沙芬的患者的抑郁症。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年7月21日提交的申请号为63/224,323的美国临时专利申请的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入。
发明内容
本公开涉及在某些患者群体中以下物质的组合给药:1)约100-110mg、约104-106mg、或约105mg的盐酸安非他酮,或摩尔当量量的游离碱形式或另一种盐形式的安非他酮;和2)约40-50mg、约44-46mg或约45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬、或摩尔当量量的游离碱形式或另一种盐形式的右美沙芬。
一些实施例包括治疗重度抑郁症的方法,其包括给药一种组合,该组合包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的右美沙芬和105mg的盐酸安非他酮或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的安非他酮,给有需要的人类患者每天两次给药,持续至少六周;其中,在第42天给药组合剂量12小时后,该人类患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为19ng/mL。
一些实施例包括治疗重度抑郁症的方法,其包括给药一种剂型,该剂型包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的右美沙芬,和105mg盐酸安非他酮、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的安非他酮,给有需要的人类患者每天两次给药,持续至少六周;其中,在停止给药该剂型24小时后,该人类患者具有的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为15ng/mL。
一些实施例包括治疗重度抑郁症的方法,包括给药一种剂型,所述剂型包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的右美沙芬,和105mg盐酸安非他酮,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的安非他酮,给有需要的人类患者每天两次给药,持续至少六周;其中,在给药该组合的第八天后的任何时间,该人类患者具有至少约为15ng/mL的右美沙芬的血浆水平。
一些实施例包括一种用于治疗重度抑郁症的药物组合,其包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的右美沙芬,以及105mg盐酸安非他酮、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的安非他酮,其中给有需要的人类患者每天两次给药该药物组合,持续至少六周,并且其中,在第42天给药该组合的剂量12小时后,人类患者具有至少约为19ng/mL的右美沙芬的血浆水平。
一些实施例包括用于治疗重度抑郁症的剂型,其包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的右美沙芬,以及105mg盐酸安非他酮、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的安非他酮,其中,给人类患者每天两次给药该剂型,持续至少六周,并且其中,在停止给药该剂型24小时后,该人类患者具有的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为15ng/mL。
一些实施例包括右美沙芬和安非他酮的组合在制备用于治疗重度抑郁症的药物中的用途,其中所述组合包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的右美沙芬,以及105mg盐酸安非他酮或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的安非他酮,将该组合给有需要的人类患者每天两次给药,持续至少六周,其中,在第42天给药所述组合的剂量12小时后,人类患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为19ng/mL。
一些实施例包括右美沙芬和安非他酮的组合在制备用于治疗重度抑郁症的药物中的用途,其中所述组合包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的右美沙芬,以及105mg盐酸安非他酮或摩尔当量量的另一种盐形式或游离碱形式的安非他酮,将组合每天两次给药,持续至少六周;其中,在停止给药该药物24小时后,所述患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为15ng/mL。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中所述的受试者的MADRS总分相对于基线随时间变化的图。
图2是实施例1中所述的受试者的QIDS-SR-16总分相对于基线随时间变化的图。
图3是实施例1中所述的得到缓解的受试者(QIDS-SR-16评分≤5)的百分比随时间变化的图。
图4是实施例1中所述的受试者的MGH-CPFQ认知项目相对于基线随时间变化的图。
图5是实施例2中所述的受试者的MADRS总分相对于基线随时间变化的图。
图6是实施例2中所述的受试者的席汉残疾量表(SDS,Sheehan DisabilityScale)平均域评分相对于基线随时间变化的图。
图7A是与实施例2中所述的受试者单独使用安非他酮相比,具有基于MADRS改善(其中MADRS改善≥50%)的临床响应的受试者的百分比的图表。
图7B是与实施例2中所述的受试者单独使用安非他酮相比,具有基于MADRS改善的临床缓解(MADRS≤10)的受试者的百分比图。
图8是实施例2中所述的受试者的HAM-A和MADRS内心紧张项目相对于基线随时间变化的图。
图9是实施例2中所述的受试者的CPFQ认知和MADRS专注度评分相对于基线随时间变化的图。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本公开涉及以下物质的组合给药:1)约100-110mg、约104-106mg或约105mg的盐酸安非他酮,或摩尔当量量的游离碱的形式(如91mg的安非他酮游离碱)或另一种盐形式的右美沙芬;和2)约40-50mg、约44-46mg或约45mg的氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的游离碱形式(如33mg的右美沙芬游离碱)或右美沙芬的另一种盐的形式。为方便起见,此组合在本文中称为“被测组合”。在本文中提及被测组合的每种情况下,都特别考虑105mg盐酸安非他酮(或91mg安非他酮游离碱)和45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬(或33mg右美沙芬游离碱)的组合。
氢溴酸右美沙芬是一种缺乏竞争力的NMDA受体拮抗剂和A sigma-1受体激动剂。
已经发现,血浆药物浓度的测量是评估右美沙芬和安非他酮组合使用的治疗依从性的直接方法。治疗依从性可以改善右美沙芬和安非他酮组合使用的结果,因为治疗浓度的达到不仅取决于研究药物的剂量和频率,还取决于CYP2D6的时间依赖性抑制。
45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬(或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式)和105mg盐酸安非他酮(或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式)的组合的治疗依从性可基于在约8天的治疗后的任何时间(包括在给药最后一剂组合24小时后)至少15ng/mL的右美沙芬血浆浓度来确定。这也对应于在剂量给药12小时后,一旦药物水平达到稳定状态,例如在约8天、约14天、约28天、约42天等,右美沙芬的血浆浓度为至少约为19ng/mL。
在一些实施例中,在服用药物组合八天后的任何时间采集患者的血样。如果样本显示患者的右美沙芬血浆浓度低于15ng/mL,则鼓励患者更顺从地服用该药物组合和/或停止治疗,以利于患者顺从的治疗。
氢溴酸右美沙芬的化学名称是吗啡喃,3-甲氧基-17-甲基-,(9α,13α,14α),氢溴酸一水合物。氢溴酸右美沙芬的经验式为C18H25NO·HBr·H2O,分子量为370.33。结构式为:
氢溴酸右美沙芬粉末为白色或几乎白色,结晶,微溶于水。
盐酸安非他酮是一种氨基酮和CYP450 2D6抑制剂。
盐酸安非他酮的化学名称为:(±)-1-(3-氯苯基)-2-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)氨基]-1-丙酮盐酸盐。盐酸安非他酮的经验式为C13H18ClNO·HCl,分子量为276.2。结构式为:
盐酸安非他酮粉末呈白色,易溶于水。
被测组合可包含在口服剂型中,包括片剂,例如缓释片剂。在一些实施例中,被测组合包含在口服给药的剂型中,并且可作为圆形双层片剂获得。
在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的每片片剂含有45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬的立即释放制剂。在一些实施例中,被测组合的每片片剂含有105mg盐酸安非他酮的缓释制剂。在一些实施例中,被测组合的每片片剂包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬的立即释放制剂和105mg盐酸安非他酮的缓释制剂。
在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有l-半胱氨酸盐酸盐一水合物。在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有卡波姆均聚物。在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有微晶纤维素。在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有胶体二氧化硅。在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有交联聚维酮(crospovidone)。在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有硬脂酸。在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有硬脂酸镁。
在一些实施例中,含有被测组合的片剂含有以下非活性成分:l-半胱氨酸盐酸盐一水合物、卡波姆均聚物、微晶纤维素、胶体二氧化硅、交联聚维酮、硬脂酸和硬脂酸镁。
在一些实施例中,被测组合的起始剂量为45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬和105mg盐酸安非他酮的一个片剂,每天早晨给药一次。在一些实施例中,3天后,将剂量增加到每天两次,每次一片(或一剂量,含有45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬和105mg盐酸安非他酮),例如,间隔至少8小时给药。在一些实施例中,在同一天内给药不超过含有45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬和105mg盐酸安非他酮的两个剂量。
被测组合可以在有或没有食物的情况下口服给药。在一些实施例中,片剂被完整吞下,而不是被压碎、分开或咀嚼。
当作为被测组合给药时,右美沙芬和安非他酮的稳态血浆浓度在8天内达到。基于Cmax和AUC0-12,在稳定状态下,右美沙芬的累积比率分别为约20和约32。基于Cmax和AUC0-12,在稳定状态下,安非他酮的累积比率分别为1.1和1.5。
给药被测组合后,右美沙芬的中位数Tmax约为3小时,安非他酮的中位数Tmax约为2小时。羟基安非他酮代谢物的Cmax发生在给药后约3小时,约为安非他酮峰值水平的14倍。AUC0-12羟基安非他酮大约是安非他酮的19倍。红羟基安非他酮(erythrohydroxybupropion)和苏氨酸羟基安非他酮(threohydroxybupropion)代谢物的Cmax在给药后约4小时出现,分别约等于和约5倍于安非他酮的Cmax。红羟基安非他酮和苏氨酸羟基安非他酮的AUC0-12值分别是安非他酮的约1.2倍和约7倍。
被测组合可以随食物或不随食物服用。当被测组合与食物一起给药时,右美沙芬Cmax和AUC0-12分别保持不变和降低14%,安非他酮Cmax和AUC0-12分别增加3%和6%。
右美沙芬的血浆蛋白结合率约为60-70%,安非他酮为84%。羟基安非他酮代谢物的蛋白结合程度与安非他酮相似;而苏氨酸羟基安非他酮代谢物的蛋白结合程度约为安非他酮的一半。
在广泛代谢者中给药被测组合8天后,与给药右美沙芬而不给药安非他酮的相比,右美沙芬的平均消除制半衰期增加了约3倍,达到约22小时。
右美沙芬和安非他酮的平均消除半衰期分别为22小时和15小时。羟基安非他酮、红羟基安非他酮和苏氨酸羟基安非他酮代谢物的表观消除半衰期分别约为35、44和33小时。
除了重度抑郁症外,被测组合还可用于治疗本文所述患者群体或环境中的其他疾病症状。例如,被测组合可用于治疗疼痛或神经障碍。可以用被测组合治疗的神经系统疾病的例子包括但不限于:情感障碍、精神障碍、脑功能障碍、运动障碍、痴呆、运动神经元疾病、神经退行性疾病、发作性病症和头痛。
可由被测组合治疗的情感障碍包括但不限于抑郁症、重度抑郁症、抗治疗性抑郁症、抗治疗性双相抑郁症、双相障碍(包括循环性精神病)、季节性情感障碍、情绪障碍、慢性抑郁症(精神抑郁)、精神病性抑郁症、产后抑郁症、经前期情感障碍(PMDD,premenstrualdysphoric disorder)、情境性抑郁症、非典型抑郁症、躁狂症、焦虑障碍、注意力缺陷障碍(ADD,attention deficit disorder)、伴有多动的注意力缺陷障碍(ADDH,attentiondeficit disorder with hyperactivity)和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(AD/HD,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder)、双相障碍和躁狂症、强迫症、暴食症、肥胖或体重增加、嗜睡症、慢性疲劳综合征,经前综合征、物质成瘾或滥用、尼古丁成瘾、性心理功能障碍、假性延髓影响和情绪不稳定。
抑郁症可能表现为抑郁症状。这些症状可包括心理变化,如情绪变化、强烈悲伤感、绝望、精神迟钝、注意力不集中、悲观担忧、激动、焦虑、易怒、内疚、愤怒、无价值感、鲁莽行为、自杀念头或企图,和/或自嘲。抑郁症的身体症状可包括失眠、厌食、食欲下降、体重减轻、体重增加、精力和性欲下降、疲劳、烦躁不安、疼、痛、头痛、痉挛、消化问题和/或激素昼夜节律异常。
可由被测组合治疗的精神障碍包括但不限于焦虑症,包括但不局限于恐惧症、广泛性焦虑症、社交焦虑症、恐慌症、广场恐惧症、强迫症和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD,post-traumatic stress disorder);躁狂、躁郁病、轻躁狂、单极性抑郁症、抑郁症、应激障碍、躯体形式障碍、人格障碍、精神病、精神分裂症、妄想症、分裂情感障碍、精神分裂型、攻击性、阿尔茨海默病的攻击性、躁动和阿尔茨海默病的躁动。
阿尔茨海默病患者随着病情发展会出现躁动。躁动可表现为不恰当的言语、情绪和/或身体行为。不恰当的行为可包括但不限于语无伦次的胡言乱语、不恰当的情绪反应、要求关注、威胁、易怒、沮丧、尖叫、重复提问、情绪波动、咒骂、辱骂、身体爆发、情绪困扰、烦躁不安、撕扯、睡眠障碍、妄想、幻觉、踱步、游荡、搜索,翻找、重复性肢体动作、囤积、跟踪、击打、抓挠、咬、好斗、过度活跃和/或踢打。
阿尔茨海默病(AD,Alzheimer’s disease)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,其特征是认知能力下降,以及包括躁动在内的行为和心理症状。AD是最常见的痴呆症,在美国约有600万患者,预计到2050年,这一数字将增至约1400万。据报道,高达70%的AD患者出现躁动症状,其特征是情绪困扰、攻击性行为、破坏性易怒和无法抑制。管理躁动是AD患者的首要任务。AD患者的躁动伴随着护理人员负担增加、功能下降、认知能力加速下降、更早的疗养院安置和死亡率增加。目前尚没有美国食品药品管理局批准的治疗AD患者躁动的疗法。
可由被测组合治疗的脑功能障碍包括但不限于涉及智力缺陷的障碍,例如老年痴呆、阿尔茨海默氏型痴呆、记忆力丧失、健忘症/遗忘综合征、癫痫、意识障碍、昏迷、注意力下降、言语障碍、声音痉挛、帕金森病、伦诺克斯-加斯托综合征(Lennox-Gastautsyndrome),自闭症、多动综合征和精神分裂症。脑功能障碍还包括由脑血管疾病引起的障碍,包括但不限于中风、脑梗死、脑出血、脑动脉硬化、脑静脉血栓、头部损伤等,其中症状包括意识障碍、老年痴呆、昏迷、注意力下降和言语障碍。
被测组合可治疗的物质成瘾滥用包括但不限于药物依赖、对可卡因成瘾、精神兴奋剂(如快克、可卡因、速效、冰毒)、尼古丁、酒精、阿片类药物、抗焦虑和催眠药物、印度大麻(大麻)、安非他命、致幻剂、苯环己哌啶、挥发性溶剂和挥发性亚硝酸盐。尼古丁成瘾包括所有已知形式的尼古丁成瘾,如吸食香烟、雪茄和/或烟斗、电子烟或水烟,以及咀嚼烟草成瘾。
可由被测组合治疗的运动障碍包括但不限于:静坐不能、运动不能、相关运动、手足徐动症、共济失调、颤搐、偏身颤搐、运动迟缓、脑瘫、舞蹈病、亨廷顿氏病、亨廷顿氏舞蹈症、风湿性舞蹈病、西德纳姆舞蹈病、运动障碍、迟发性运动障碍、肌张力障碍、眼睑痉挛、痉挛性斜颈,多巴胺反应性肌张力障碍、帕金森病、不安腿综合征(RLS,restless legssyndrome)、震颤、本态性震颤、抽动秽语综合征(Tourette’s syndrome)和威尔逊氏病。
可以通过被测组合治疗的痴呆症包括但不限于阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、血管性痴呆、路易体痴呆、混合性痴呆、额颞痴呆、克雅氏病、正常压力脑积水、亨廷顿病、韦尼克-科萨科夫综合征和皮克病。
可通过被测组合治疗的运动神经元疾病包括但不限于肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)、进行性球麻痹、原发性侧索硬化病(PLS,primarylateral sclerosis)、进行型肌萎缩、脊髓灰质炎后综合征(PPS,post-polio syndrome)、脊髓性肌萎缩(SMA,spinal muscular atrophy)、脊髓运动萎缩、泰-萨克斯病(Tay-Sach’sdisease)、桑德霍夫病(Sandoff disease)和遗传性痉挛性截瘫。
可以用被测组合治疗的神经退行性疾病包括但不限于阿尔茨海默病、朊病毒相关疾病、小脑共济失调、脊髓小脑共济失调(SCA,spinocerebellar ataxia)、脊髓性肌萎缩(SMA,spinal muscular atrophy)、延髓肌萎缩、弗里德里希共济失调、亨廷顿病、路易体病、帕金森病,肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,或路易盖里格病)、多发性硬化症(MS,multiple sclerosis)、多系统萎缩、施伊-德拉格综合征(Shy-Drager syndrome)、皮质基底节变性、进行性核上性麻痹、威尔逊氏病(Wilson’sdisease)、门克斯病(Menkes disease)、肾上腺脑白质营养不良、伴有皮质下梗死和白质脑病的大脑常染色体显性遗传性动脉病(CADASIL,cerebral autosomal dominantarteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)、肌肉萎缩,夏科-马里-图斯病(CMT,Charcot-Marie Tooth disease)、家族性痉挛性截瘫、神经纤维瘤病、橄榄桥小脑萎缩或变性、纹状体变性、格林-巴利综合征和痉挛性截瘫。
被测组合可治疗的发作性病症包括但不限于癫痫发作、非癫痫发作、癫痫、热性惊厥;部分性发作,包括但不限于简单部分性发作、杰克逊发作、复杂部分性发作和持续性持续性不全癫痫;全身性发作,包括但不限于全身性强直-阵挛性发作、失神发作、失张力发作、肌阵挛发作、青少年肌阵挛性发作和婴儿痉挛;和癫痫持续状态。
可由被测组合治疗的头痛类型包括但不限于偏头痛、紧张性头痛和丛集性头痛。
可由被测组合治疗的其他神经系统疾病包括雷特综合征(Rett Syndrome)、自闭症、耳鸣、意识障碍症、性功能障碍、顽固性咳嗽、嗜睡症、猝倒;由不受控制的喉肌痉挛引起的声音障碍,包括但不限于外展肌痉挛性发声困难、内收肌痉挛性发声困难、肌肉紧张性发声困难和声音震颤;糖尿病神经病变,化疗引起的神经毒性,如甲氨蝶呤神经毒性;失禁,包括但不限于压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁和大便失禁;以及勃起功能障碍。
在一些实施例中,被测组合可用于治疗伤痛、关节疼痛、与镰状细胞病相关的疼痛、假性延髓影响、抑郁症(包括耐治疗性抑郁症)、与记忆和认知相关的障碍、精神分裂症、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)、瑞德综合征、癫痫、咳嗽(包括慢性咳嗽)等。
在一些实施例中,被测组合可口服给药以减轻肌肉骨骼疼痛,包括腰痛和与类风湿性关节炎、幼年类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、侵蚀性骨关节炎、血清阴性(非类风湿性)关节病、非关节风湿病、关节周围病症相关的疼痛,轴性脊柱关节炎,包括强直性脊柱炎、佩吉特病、纤维性发育不良、SAPHO综合征(SAPHO syndrome)、短暂性髋关节骨关节炎、椎体挤压性骨折、骨质疏松等。
在一些实施例中,可以给药被测组合以减轻炎症性疼痛,包括肌肉骨骼疼痛、关节炎疼痛和复杂区域疼痛综合征。
关节炎是指与疼痛相关的炎症性关节疾病。关节炎疼痛的例子包括与下述病症相关的疼痛:骨关节炎、侵蚀性骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、血清阴性(非类风湿性)关节病、非关节风湿病、关节周围疾病、神经性关节病(包括夏科氏足)、轴性脊柱关节炎(包括强直性脊柱炎)和SAPHO综合征。
在一些实施例中,被测组合用于治疗慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛。
在一些实施例中,可给药所述被测组合以用于缓解复杂区域疼痛综合征,例如复杂区域疼痛综合症I型(CRPS-I,complex regional pain syndrome type I)、复杂区域疼痛综合症II型(CRPS II,complex regional pain syndrome type II)、CRPS-NOS或另一种类型的CRPS。CRPS是一种炎症性疼痛。CRPS也可具有神经病理性成分。复杂区域疼痛综合征是一种使人衰弱的疼痛综合征。其特征是肢体剧烈疼痛,并伴有水肿、自主神经、运动和感觉变化。
在一些实施例中,被测组合可以口服给药以减轻神经性疼痛。
神经性疼痛的例子包括糖尿病周围神经病变、疱疹后神经痛、三叉神经痛、单神经根病、幻肢疼痛、中枢疼痛等。神经性疼痛其他原因包括癌症相关疼痛、腰神经根压迫、脊髓损伤、中风后疼痛、中枢性多发性硬化症疼痛、HIV-相关神经病变,以及与放疗或化疗相关的神经病变等。
在一些实施例中,可以给药被测组合以减轻纤维肌痛。
术语“治疗”包括对人类或其他动物疾病的诊断、治愈、缓解、治疗或预防,或任何以其他方式影响人体或其他动物身体结构或任何功能的活动。
被测组合可用于治疗在以下任何美国专利中确认的可通过安非他酮和右美沙芬的组合治疗的任何疾病或病症:8,569,328、9,168,234、9,189,905、9,205,083、9,238,032、9,278,095、9,314,462、9,370,513、9,375,429、9,408,815、9,421,176、9,457,023、9,457,025、9,474,731、9,486,450、9,700,528、9,700,553、9,707,191、9,763,932、9,861,595,9,867,819、9,968,568、10,058,518、10,064,857、10,080,727、10,092,560、10,092,561、10,105,327、10,105,361、10,251,879、10,463,634、10,512,643、10,548,857、10,596,167、10,772,850、10,780,064、10,780,066、10,786,469、10,786,496、10,799,497、10,806,710、10,864,209、10,874,663、10,874,664、10,874,665、10,881,624、10,881,657、10,894,046、10,894,047、10,898,453,所有这些文献中关于可通过安非他酮和右美沙芬的组合治疗的疾病的公开内容,包括其中描述的具体实施例和组合,全部通过引用并入本文。
实施例1
进行了一项3期、随机、双盲、活性对照试验,以评估DM/BU治疗抗治疗性抑郁症(TRD,treatment resistant depression)的疗效和安全性。先前经历一次或两次抗抑郁治疗失败的重度抑郁症(MDD,major depressive disorder)患者在6周的导入期内以开放标签的方式接受每天两次、每次150mg安非他酮的治疗(每日总剂量300mg)(n=799,n代表患者数量)。在此导入期内对安非他酮无反应的患者按1:1的比例随机分组,以该相同的每日总剂量接受安非他酮治疗(n=156),或接受每日两次的DM/BU(45mg右美沙芬/105mg安非他酮)(90mg右美沙芬/210mg安非他酮的日总剂量)(n=156)治疗,为期6周。开放标签期的纳入标准包括18-65岁的男性或女性,有1或2次既往抗抑郁治疗反应不良史,通过抗抑郁治疗反应问卷(ATRQ,Antidepressant Treatment Response Questionnaire)建立,并且汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表(HAMD-17,Hamilton Depression Rating Scale)总分≥18。双盲期的纳入标准包括有2或3次既往抗抑郁治疗不良反应史,包括开放标签期失败。排除标准包括在当前发作期间或过去6个月内有电休克治疗、迷走神经刺激、经颅磁刺激或任何实验性中枢神经系统治疗史,精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、强迫症、继发于任何其他一般医疗状况的精神症状。
人数统计学表征和基线表征如下表7所示。两个治疗组的研究完成率相似,右美沙芬/安非他酮为89%,安非他酮为94%。
表1人数统计学表征和基线表征
除非另有说明,否则数据均为平均值(SD)
缩写:BMI=体重指数(Body Mass Index);CGI-S=临床总体印象-严重程度(Clinical Global Impression-Severity);
MADRS=蒙哥马利-阿斯伯格抑郁评定量表( DepressionRating Scale)。
使用蒙哥马利-阿斯伯格抑郁评定量表(MADRS,Depression Rating Scale)和抑郁症状自评快速量表(QIDS-SR-16,Quick Inventory ofDepressive Symptomatology-Self-Rated)测量抑郁症状随时间的变化。主要端点是治疗6周后MADRS相对于基线的变化。关键的次要端点是治疗1周后、治疗2周后MADRS相对于基线的变化、整个6周双盲治疗期的平均变化以及席汉残疾量表(SDS,Sheehan DisabilityScale)。其他预先指定的次要疗效变量包括麻省总医院认知和身体功能问卷(CPFQ,Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire)的认知分量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAM-A,Hamilton Anxiety Scale)。
如图1所示,DM/BU快速且显著地改善了TRD患者的症状,如通过在整个6周的治疗期内的平均MADRS测得的(这是一个关键的次要端点),DM/BU(n=154)的平均减少8.6,而对于安非他酮(n=155)为6.7(p=0.031)。DM/BU治疗的快速起效表现在统计学上显著的平均MADRS的降低上,在第一周(测量的最早时间点),DM/BU和安非他酮的平均MADRS分别减少5.2和3.6(p=0.02),在第2周,DM/BU和安非他酮的平均MADRS分别减少8.0和6.1(p=0.035),这两个时间点都是关键的次要端点。在第6周(主要端点),DM/BU在MADRS方面表现出更大的数值改善,对于DM/BU平均减少11.6,而对于安非他酮平均减少9.4(p=0.117),但在第6周未达到统计学显著性。
如图2所示,根据抑郁症状自评快速量表(QIDS-SR-16)在整个6周治疗期内的平均值测得,DM/BU快速且显著地改善了TRD患者的抑郁症状,其中对于DM/BU,平均减少3.3,而对于安非他酮,平均减少2.3(p=0.013)。
如图3所示,在第1周(p=0.001)和此后评估的每个时间点,与安非他酮相比,DM/BU的抑郁症缓解率(定义为QIDS-SR-16≤5)在统计学上显著更高,到第6周(p=0.012),18.2%的DM/BU患者实现了抑郁症缓解率,8.2%的安非他酮患者实现了抑郁症缓解率。
如图4所示,经麻省总医院认知和身体功能问卷(CPFQ)的认知分量表进行评估(p=0.011),与安非他酮相比,DM/BU显著改善了TRD患者的认知功能。认知功能障碍在抑郁症的不同阶段都有很好的记录,在抑郁症的功能恢复中起着重要作用。与安非他酮相比,使用DM/BU时认知功能改善迅速,早在第2周(p=0.01)以及此后评估的每个时间点都达到了统计学显著性。CPFQ的认知分量表评估清醒度/精神敏锐度,以及集中/保持注意力、记忆/回忆信息和找词的能力。DM/BU相对于安非他酮的优势在整个CPFQ(CPFQ除了评估认知功能外还评估身体功能)中也具有统计学显著性(p=0.014)。
使用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAM-A)评估得知,与安非他酮相比,DM/BU快速显著地减轻了TRD患者的焦虑症状(p=0.009)。在评估的所有其他疗效变量中,DM/BU与活性对照剂安非他酮相比,在数值上有所改善。
DM/BU在试验中耐受性良好。DM/BU治疗组最常报告的不良事件是头晕和恶心。两个治疗组因不良事件导致的停药率均较低(DM/BU为2.6%,安非他酮为1.9%)。DM/BU治疗组有三个严重不良事件,包括偏头痛;用药过量以及自杀意念,发生在停止治疗多于一周后。DM/BU治疗与拟精神病效应、体重增加或性功能障碍无关。不良事件如下表8所示。
表2治疗-突发不良事件
缩写:AE=不良事件(Adverse Event)。数据表示为受试者人数(受试者的百分比)
a.报告了开放标签期内≥3名受试者或双盲期内≥5%的受试者出现治疗中突发不良事件(TEAE,Treatment-emergent AE)。
b.在双盲期,治疗中突发不良事件被定义为在随机分组之日或之后、第9次就诊之前或之日或第2期提前终止日之前或之日出现的任何不良事件。
实施例2
根据实施例1中的临床试验进行了一项研究,从而基于对血浆药物浓度的分析,评估右美沙芬和安非他酮组合对治疗依从性患者的疗效。本研究发现,血浆药物浓度的测量是评估治疗依从性的直接方法。治疗依从性可以改善使用右美沙芬和安非他酮的组合用药的效果,因为治疗浓度的达到不仅可以基于所研究药物的剂量和频率来预见,还可以基于CYP2D6的时间依赖性抑制来预见。
在实施例1的患者中,在临床试验中长达6周的治疗后(治疗就诊结束),收集血浆样本并进行分析。基于以下血浆药物浓度临界值评估治疗依从性:
DM/BU组:右美沙芬浓度≥15ng/mL
安非他酮SR组:安非他酮浓度≥10ng/mL
在100%依从条件下,在最后一次服用研究药物24小时后,所选药物浓度临界值接近观察到的最低浓度。最后一次服药24小时后的15ng/mL的阈值对应于在达到稳定状态后(例如第42天)服药后约12小时的约19ng/mL的血浆浓度。
主要端点是治疗6周后MADRS相对于基线的变化。关键的次要端点是治疗1周和2周后MADRS相对于基线的变化、MADRS总分的总体变化以及第6周时席汉残疾量表(SDS,Sheehan Disability Scale)相对于基线的改变。其他疗效评估包括抑郁症状自评快速量表(QIDS-SR-16)、汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表和认知与身体功能问卷(CPFQ,Cognition andPhysical Functioning Questionnaire)。
治疗依从性患者的人数统计特征和基线特征如下表3所示。
表3.人数统计特征和基线表征
除非另有说明,否则数据均为平均值(SD)
缩写:BMI=体重指数;CGI-S=临床总体印象-严重程度;MADRS=蒙哥马利-阿斯伯格抑郁评定量表
两个治疗组的人数统计和基线特征相似。基于以下血浆浓度对治疗依从性受试者进行疗效分析:
DM/BU治疗的受试者:右美沙芬浓度≥15ng/mL(N=122)
安非他酮治疗的受试者:安非他酮浓度≥10ng/mL(N=131)
根据血浆浓度,82%的受试者对研究药物有依从性。DM/BU快速且显著地改善了具有抗治疗抑郁症的治疗依从性患者的抑郁症状。与安非他酮相比,DM/BU在所有时间点,包括在第1周,即评估的最早时间点,显示出MADRS总分相比于基线的统计学显著改善(图5)。与安非他酮相比,DM/BU治疗与SDS功能的统计学显著改善相关(图6)。与安非他酮相比,DM/BU实现了统计学上显著更高的临床缓解率和应答率(图7A和图7B)。与安非他酮相比,BU/DM也显示出焦虑(图8)和认知(图9)方面的显著改善。
DM/BU在试验中总体安全且耐受性良好(表4)。
表4.治疗-突发不良事件
两组因不良事件导致的停药率均较低;DM/BU为2.5%,安非他酮为0.8%。
Claims (14)
1.一种治疗重度抑郁症的方法,包括:将包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的右美沙芬和105mg盐酸安非他酮或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的安非他酮的组合给有需要的人类患者给药,每天两次,持续至少六周;其中,在第42天给药了所述组合的剂量12小时后,所述人类患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平为至少约为19ng/mL。
2.一种治疗重度抑郁症的方法,包括:将包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的右美沙芬,和105mg盐酸安非他酮、或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的安非他酮的剂型给有需要的人类患者给药,每天两次,持续至少六周;其中,在停止给药所述剂型24小时后,所述人类患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为15ng/mL。
3.一种用于治疗重度抑郁症的药物组合,包含:45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的右美沙芬,和105mg盐酸安非他酮,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的安非他酮,其中,给有需要的人类患者每天两次给药所述药物组合,持续至少六周,并且其中,在第42天给药所述组合的剂量12小时后,所述人类患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为19ng/mL。
4.一种用于治疗重度抑郁症的剂型,其包含:45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的右美沙芬,和105mg盐酸安非他酮,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的安非他酮,其中,对人类患者每天两次给药所述剂型,持续至少六周;并且其中,在停止给药所述剂型24小时后,所述人类患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约15ng/mL。
5.右美沙芬和安非他酮的组合在制备用于治疗重度抑郁症的药物中的用途,其中,所述组合包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的右美沙芬,以及105mg盐酸安非他酮或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的安非他酮,将所述组合给药于有需要的人类患者,每天两次,持续至少六周,并且其中,在第42天给药所述组合的剂量12小时后,所述人类患者具有的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为19ng/mL。
6.右美沙芬和安非他酮的组合在制备用于治疗重度抑郁症的药物中的用途,其中,所述组合包含45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬,或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的右美沙芬,以及105mg盐酸安非他酮或摩尔当量量的另一种盐的形式或游离碱的形式的安非他酮,将所述组合每天两次给药,持续至少六周,并且其中,在停止给药24小时后,所述患者的右美沙芬的血浆水平至少约为15ng/mL。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、剂型、药物组合或用途,其中,所述重度抑郁症是抗治疗性抑郁症。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述人类患者口服片剂,每天一次,持续三天,三天后,每天两次口服片剂,其中,所述片剂含有约105mg盐酸安非他酮和约45mg氢溴酸右美沙芬。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、剂型、药物组合或用途,其中,所述氢溴酸右美沙芬为立即释放制剂。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、剂型、药物组合或用途,其中,所述盐酸安非他酮为缓释制剂。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的方法、剂型、药物组合或用途,其中,所述片剂是双层片剂。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、剂型、药物组合或用途,其中,右美沙芬的Tmax为约3小时。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、剂型、药物组合或用途,其中,在右美沙芬的稳态血浆水平下,基于Cmax,右美沙芬的累积比率约为20。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、剂型、药物组合或用途,其中,在右美沙芬的稳态血浆水平下,基于AUC0-12,右美沙芬的累积比率约为32。
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