CN117691880A - High-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying equipment and control method - Google Patents

High-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying equipment and control method Download PDF

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CN117691880A
CN117691880A CN202410152411.6A CN202410152411A CN117691880A CN 117691880 A CN117691880 A CN 117691880A CN 202410152411 A CN202410152411 A CN 202410152411A CN 117691880 A CN117691880 A CN 117691880A
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current
regulating
electrolytic
electrolysis
transformer
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CN117691880B (en
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秦政
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Siemens Energy Electrical Equipment Changzhou Co ltd
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Siemens Energy Electrical Equipment Changzhou Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic rectification, in particular to high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectification equipment and a control method. The electrolytic rectifying equipment comprises a main transformer MT, an adjusting transformer KT, a diode rectifying device R1 and a current adjusting device K1, wherein the main transformer MT provides power for the electrolytic equipment; the regulating transformer KT is used for regulating the input and output voltage of the main transformer MT; the diode rectifying device R1 is used for rectifying alternating current output by the main transformer MT into direct current; the current regulator K1 is used for regulating the output current of the diode rectifier R1. According to the invention, the diode rectifying device is adopted to rectify the output current of the main transformer, and the power factor of the electrolysis equipment is further regulated by regulating the transformer KT and the current regulating device K1, so that the hydrogen production efficiency is effectively improved, the harmonic wave generated in the electrolysis process is reduced, and the stability and reliability of the electrolysis process are improved.

Description

High-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying equipment and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic rectification, in particular to high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectification equipment and a control method of the high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectification equipment.
Background
The rectifying device applied to electrolytic hydrogen production or new energy electrolysis is mainly used for converting direct current into alternating current so as to supply the alternating current to an electrolytic tank for electrolytic reaction. The function of the electrolytic rectifying device mainly comprises the following points: 1. adjusting voltage: according to the requirements of the electrolysis process, the rectifying equipment needs to adjust the input alternating current to a proper voltage so as to meet the working voltage requirement of the electrolytic tank. 2. And (3) current control: the rectifying device needs to realize accurate control of current to ensure that the electrolytic reaction is carried out. The magnitude of the current directly affects the hydrogen and oxygen production, so current control is a key element. 3. The protection function: the rectifying device should have protection functions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit and the like so as to ensure safe and stable operation of the device.
However, in practical applications, electrolytic hydrogen production and new energy electrolytic rectification devices also have some drawbacks: 1. equipment cost: rectifying devices often require the use of high voltage, high power electronics, which results in higher device costs. 2. Harmonic problem: the rectifying equipment can generate harmonic waves in operation, and the harmonic waves can interfere a power grid and peripheral equipment to influence the stability of a power system. 3. Efficiency problem: although the existing high-power rectifying equipment can carry out large-scale electrolytic hydrogen production, the hydrogen production rate can reach more than 2000 per hour, the high-power rectifying equipment has the problems of overhigh loss and low actual hydrogen production efficiency. 4. Reliability and stability: since the rectifying device is in severe environments such as high pressure, high temperature and the like for a long time, the reliability and the stability of the rectifying device are critical to the operation of the whole electrolytic system, but the reliability and the stability are also just places where the rectifying device is easy to cause problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying device and a control method thereof, aiming at the problems of large harmonic and low efficiency of the existing electrolytic rectifying device.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an electrolytic rectifying device with high efficiency and low harmonic wave comprises a main transformer MT, a regulating transformer KT, a diode rectifying device R1, a current regulating device K1 and a controller.
The main transformer MT is communicated with a power grid and is used for providing power for electrolysis equipment. The regulating transformer KT is connected in series with the main transformer MT and is used for regulating the input and output voltages of the main transformer MT. The diode rectifying device R1 is used for rectifying the alternating current output by the main transformer MT into direct current and supplying power to the electrolysis equipment. The current regulating device K1 is connected in parallel with the main transformer MT and is used for regulating the output current of the diode rectifying device R1. The controller is used for adjusting the actual output current of the current adjusting device K1 according to the preset electrolytic current, and further adjusting the output current of the diode rectifying device R1.
The operation process of the electrolytic rectifying device is as follows: a. the output voltage of the transformer KT is controlled and regulated through the current regulating device K1, and meanwhile, the current regulating device K1 provides a direct current power supply for the inverter and provides an alternating current power supply for auxiliary equipment. b. The input/output voltage of the main transformer MT and the output voltage of the diode rectifying device R1 are controlled by the regulating transformer KT. c. The actual output current of the diode rectifying means R1 is controlled by the controller adjusting the output of the current adjusting means K1.
According to the electrolytic rectifying equipment, the diode rectifying device R1 is used for rectifying the output current of the main transformer, the regulating transformer KT is used for regulating the output voltage of the main transformer MT, and the current regulating device K1 is used for regulating the output of the diode rectifying device R1, so that the power factor of the electrolytic equipment is regulated, the hydrogen production efficiency is effectively improved, the harmonic wave generated in the electrolytic process is reduced, and the stability and reliability of the electrolytic process are improved.
Further, the capacity of the regulating transformer KT is set to 10% -30% of the capacity of the main transformer MT. The capacity of the current regulating device K1 is set to be 10% -30% of the capacity of the electrolysis equipment. The diode rectifying device R1 adopts a twelve-phase diode rectifying bridge.
The invention also provides a control method of the electrolytic rectifying equipment with high efficiency and low harmonic, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and obtaining a mapping relation function of target input current and hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment. And calculating the target input current of the electrolysis equipment in a mapping relation function according to the preset hydrogen production efficiency.
S2: the output power of the diode rectifying device R1 is calculated from the input current and the input voltage of the electrolysis apparatus.
S3: and calculating and adjusting the load rates of the transformer KT and the current adjusting device K1 according to the output power, and further adjusting the output current of the diode rectifying device R1.
Further, in step S1, the method for obtaining the mapping function is as follows:
the same voltage and different currents are input to the electrolysis equipment, and the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency is measured. Mapping the current input each time and the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency into a plane coordinate system, and obtaining a mapping function of the electrolysis current and the hydrogen production efficiency by adopting a linear fitting method.
Further, in step S2, the input power P of each electrolysis apparatus A Can be expressed as:
wherein V is r For reversible voltage, R ε For polarization over-resistance, n is the number of electrolysis cells in each electrolysis apparatus, I OM Is the average value of the input current of the electrolysis equipment, I OR Is an effective value of the input current of the electrolysis device.
Further, in step S3, the load factor of the regulation transformer KT is set to:
wherein V is MT0 Is the rated output voltage of the main transformer MT.
The load factor of the current adjusting device K1 is set as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the rated power of the electrolysis equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the diode rectifying device R1 is adopted to rectify the output current of the main transformer, the regulating transformer KT is adopted to regulate the output voltage of the main transformer MT, and the current regulating device K1 is adopted to regulate the output voltage and the output current of the diode rectifying device R1, so that the input current of the electrolysis equipment is regulated, the hydrogen production efficiency is effectively improved, the harmonic wave generated in the electrolysis process is reduced, and the stability and the reliability of the electrolysis process are improved. In general, the invention has the characteristics of simple integral structure, easy installation, low equipment cost, reliable operation, high efficiency and low harmonic wave, and can meet the operation requirement of high-power electrolysis equipment.
Compared with thyristor rectification and IGBT rectification in the market, the rectifying equipment adopts diode rectification, and has the characteristics of simplicity, reliability, high efficiency, small loss and high harmonic wave and power factor. Compared with the output voltage of a rectifying device regulated by thyristor rectification and IGBT rectification in the market, although a diode rectifying bridge has fixed alternating current input voltage and direct current output voltage, the invention still skillfully changes the input and output voltage of a main transformer MT by changing the output of a regulating transformer KT, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the output voltage of a diode rectifying device R1. The controller is used for controlling the output current of the electrolytic rectifying device, and the output current is converted into an AC-DC variable-frequency power supply for auxiliary equipment through an inverter by controlling the current regulating device K1 and simultaneously generating direct current.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electrolytic rectifying device with high efficiency and low harmonic in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a step diagram of a control method of the high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that when an element is referred to as being "mounted to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or/and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying apparatus AFE, which includes a main transformer MT, a regulating transformer KT, a diode rectifying device R1, a current regulating device K1, and a controller (not shown).
The main transformer MT is in communication with the grid for regulating the grid voltage to the voltage required by the electrolysis apparatus. In this embodiment, the capacity of the main transformer MT is denoted as a.
The regulating transformer KT is connected in series with the main transformer MT and is used for regulating the voltage output by the main transformer MT. In this embodiment, the capacity of the regulating transformer KT is denoted as B, and B is set to 10% -30% of a, specifically, b=10%a may be taken.
The diode rectifying device R1 comprises a plurality of twelve-phase diode rectifying bridges which are connected in parallel, and the diode rectifying device R1 is connected in series with the main transformer MT to supply power to the electrolysis equipment. And a plurality of twelve-phase diode rectifier bridges are connected in parallel to form a twenty-four-phase rectifier bridge, so that harmonic waves are further reduced. The diode rectifying device R1 is adopted to rectify the voltage output by the main transformer MT, and the voltage can be respectively regulated for a plurality of electrolysis devices, so that the control requirement of the electrolysis devices is met.
The current regulating device K1 is connected in parallel with the main transformer MT and is used for regulating the output current of the diode rectifying device R1. In this embodiment, the output voltage of the transformer KT is regulated by the current regulator K1, and the current regulator K1 provides a dc power supply to the inverter, thereby providing an ac power supply for the auxiliary equipment. Specifically, the current regulator K1 regulates within ±10% so that the output of the diode rectifying device R1 is 90% -110%.
The controller is used for adjusting the actual output current of the current adjusting device K1 according to the preset electrolytic current, and further adjusting the output current of the diode rectifying device R1.
Specifically, the electrolytic rectification device operates as follows:
a. the output voltage of the transformer KT is controlled and regulated through the current regulating device K1, and meanwhile, the current regulating device K1 provides a direct current power supply for the inverter and provides an alternating current power supply for auxiliary equipment.
b. The input/output voltage of the main transformer MT and the output voltage of the diode rectifying device R1 are controlled by the regulating transformer KT. Wherein, the power supply route of power is: grid input voltage-regulating transformer input voltage = regulating transformer output voltage = input voltage of main transformer, i.e. the regulating transformer input voltage can regulate the alternating voltage output by main transformer and the direct voltage of electrolytic device after diode rectification (the regulating transformer input voltage and the main transformer input voltage have fixed input-output relationship).
c. The actual output current of the diode rectifying means R1 is controlled by the controller adjusting the output of the current adjusting means K1.
Wherein, the electrolytic current is set according to the hydrogen production efficiency. First, the mapping relation between the electrolytic current and the hydrogen production efficiency is determined according to experiments. Specifically, the same voltage and different currents can be input to the electrolysis equipment, corresponding hydrogen production efficiency is measured at the same time, the currents and the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency are mapped into a plane coordinate system, and a linear fitting method is adopted to obtain a mapping function of the electrolysis current and the hydrogen production efficiency. And calculating corresponding electrolytic current in the mapping function according to the actually required hydrogen production efficiency.
The voltage output by the diode rectifying device R1 is calculated from the required electrolysis current. Specifically, the output voltage of the diode rectifying device R1 is controlled by a regulating transformer KT and a current regulating device K1, wherein the regulating transformer KT is used for regulating the output voltage of the main transformer MT, and the current regulating device K1 is used for regulating the current output by the diode rectifying device R1.
First, the input voltage of the electrolysis apparatus is calculated from the electrolysis current, specifically, the input voltage V of each electrolysis apparatus A Can be expressed as:
wherein V is i For the terminal voltage of each electrolysis cell, V r For reversible voltage, V ε For polarization overvoltage, n is the number of electrolysis cells in each electrolysis apparatus.
The input power P of each electrolysis apparatus A Can be expressed as:
wherein I is OM Is the average value of the input current of the electrolysis equipment, I OR R is the effective value of the input current of the electrolysis equipment ε Is a polarization over-resistance. Wherein nV r I OM For hydrogen production power, nR ε I OR 2 Is the power loss.
Correspondingly, the output voltage V of the main transformer MT MT Can be expressed as:
where η is the rectification efficiency.
Let the output voltage of the power grid beV P The transformation ratio of the main transformer MT is K, and the load rate beta of the transformer KT is regulated 1 Can be set as follows:
wherein V is MT0 Is the rated output voltage of the main transformer MT.
When the regulating transformer KT is adopted for independent regulation, although the input current of the electrolysis equipment can meet the requirement of hydrogen production efficiency, the output voltage of the main transformer MT is reduced, the electric power output by the diode rectifying device R1 is also reduced, and the overall power consumption is higher on the premise of keeping the hydrogen production efficiency unchanged.
In order to improve the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment and provide electric energy required by operation for the electrolysis environment, the embodiment adopts the current regulating device K1 and the inverter to convert partial electric energy into alternating current with rated voltage, and supplies power to auxiliary equipment such as a compressor, a fan and the like, and meanwhile improves the power factor of the electrolysis equipment, so that the hydrogen production efficiency is improved. Load factor beta of current regulator K1 2 Can be set as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the rated power of the electrolysis equipment.
When the regulation transformer KT and the current regulator K1 are adopted for regulation, the active power of the electrolysis equipment is obviously improved, the power factor is also improved, and the twenty-four phase rectifier bridge formed by the parallel connection of the diode rectifier devices R1 can effectively reduce harmonic waves, so that the reliability and the stability of the electrolysis process are improved. The current regulating device K1 can also supply power to other loads in the electrolysis environment, so that the loss of electric energy is further reduced, the electric power of the operation of the electrolysis equipment is improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment is improved.
Compared with thyristor rectification and IGBT rectification in the market, the rectifying equipment adopts diode rectification, and has the characteristics of simplicity, reliability, high efficiency, small loss and high harmonic wave and power factor. Compared with the output voltage of a rectifying device regulated by thyristor rectification and IGBT rectification in the market, although a diode rectifying bridge has fixed alternating current input voltage and direct current output voltage, the invention still skillfully changes the input and output voltage of a main transformer MT by changing the output of a regulating transformer KT, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the output voltage of a diode rectifying device R1. The controller is used for controlling the output current of the electrolytic rectifying device, and the output current is converted into an AC-DC variable-frequency power supply for auxiliary equipment (such as a compressor, a fan) and the like through an inverter by controlling the current regulating device K1 and simultaneously generating direct current.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a control method for an electrolytic rectifying device with high efficiency and low harmonic, which can control the electrolytic rectifying device with high efficiency and low harmonic in embodiment 1, so as to implement current regulation of the electrolytic device, thereby improving hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolytic device and reducing harmonic generated in the electrolytic process. The control method comprises the following steps:
s1: and obtaining a mapping relation function of target input current and hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment. And calculating the target input current of the electrolysis equipment in a mapping relation function according to the preset hydrogen production efficiency.
The method for obtaining the mapping relation function comprises the following steps:
the same voltage and different currents are input to the electrolysis equipment, and the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency is measured. Mapping the current input each time and the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency into a plane coordinate system, and obtaining a mapping function of the electrolysis current and the hydrogen production efficiency by adopting a linear fitting method.
S2: the output power of the diode rectifying device R1 is calculated from the input current and the input voltage of the electrolysis apparatus.
Wherein the input voltage V of the electrolysis device A Can be expressed as:
wherein V is i For the terminal voltage of each electrolysis cell, V r For reversible voltage, V ε For polarization overvoltage, n is the number of electrolysis cells in each electrolysis apparatus.
Input power P of each electrolysis apparatus A Can be expressed as:
wherein V is r For reversible voltage, R ε For polarization over-resistance, n is the number of electrolysis cells in each electrolysis apparatus, I OM Is the average value of the input current of the electrolysis equipment, I OR Is an effective value of the input current of the electrolysis device.
S3: and calculating and adjusting the load ratios of the transformer KT and the current adjusting device K1 according to the output power so that the output current of the diode rectifying device R1 is equal to the target input current of the electrolysis equipment.
First, the output voltage V of the main transformer MT is calculated from the input power of the electrolysis apparatus MT Output voltage V MT Can be expressed as:
wherein eta is the rectification efficiency
The load factor of the regulating transformer KT is set as:
wherein V is MT0 Is the rated output voltage of the main transformer MT.
The load factor of the current adjusting device K1 is set as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the rated power of the electrolysis equipment.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A high efficiency low harmonic electrolytic rectifier device comprising:
the main transformer MT is communicated with a power grid and is used for providing power for electrolysis equipment;
the regulating transformer KT is connected in series with the main transformer MT and is used for regulating the input and output voltage of the main transformer MT;
the diode rectifying device R1 is used for rectifying alternating current output by the main transformer MT into direct current and supplying power to electrolysis equipment;
the current regulating device K1 is connected with the main transformer MT in parallel and is used for regulating the output current of the diode rectifying device R1;
the controller is used for adjusting the actual output current of the current adjusting device K1 according to the preset electrolytic current, and further adjusting the output current of the diode rectifying device R1;
the operation process of the electrolytic rectifying device is as follows:
a. the output voltage of the regulating transformer KT is controlled through the current regulating device K1, and meanwhile, the current regulating device K1 provides a direct current power supply for the inverter and provides an alternating current power supply for auxiliary equipment;
b. controlling the input and output voltage of the main transformer MT and the output voltage of the diode rectifying device R1 through the regulating transformer KT;
c. the output of the current regulating device K1 is regulated by the controller, thereby controlling the actual output current of the diode rectifying device R1.
2. The high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying device according to claim 1, wherein the capacity of said regulating transformer KT is set to 10% -30% of the capacity of said main transformer MT; the capacity of the current regulating device K1 is set to be 10% -30% of the capacity of the electrolysis equipment; the diode rectifying device R1 adopts a twelve-phase diode rectifying bridge.
3. A control method of a high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying device, which is applied to a high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: obtaining a mapping relation function of target input current and hydrogen production efficiency of electrolysis equipment; calculating the target input current of the electrolysis equipment in the mapping relation function according to the preset hydrogen production efficiency;
s2: calculating the output power of the diode rectifying device R1 according to the input current and the input voltage of the electrolysis equipment;
s3: and calculating the load ratios of the regulating transformer KT and the current regulating device K1 according to the output power, and further regulating the output current of the diode rectifying device R1.
4. The control method of the high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying device according to claim 3, characterized in that in step S1, the method of obtaining the map function is as follows:
inputting the same voltage and different currents into the electrolysis equipment, and measuring the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency; mapping the current input each time and the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency into a plane coordinate system, and obtaining a mapping function of the electrolysis current and the hydrogen production efficiency by adopting a linear fitting method.
5. A control method of a high efficiency low harmonic electrolytic rectifying device according to claim 3, characterized in that in step S2, the input power P of each electrolytic device A The expression is as follows:
wherein V is r For reversible voltage, R ε For polarization over-resistance, n is the number of electrolysis cells in each electrolysis apparatus, I OM Is the average value of the input current of the electrolysis equipment, I OR Is an effective value of the input current of the electrolysis device.
6. The control method of the high-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying device according to claim 3, wherein in step S3, a load factor of the regulating transformer KT is set to:
wherein V is MT0 Rated output voltage of the main transformer MT;
the load factor of the current adjusting device K1 is set as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the rated power of the electrolysis equipment.
CN202410152411.6A 2024-02-03 High-efficiency low-harmonic electrolytic rectifying equipment and control method Active CN117691880B (en)

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WO2023178887A1 (en) * 2022-03-24 2023-09-28 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 Large-capacity off-grid wind-photovoltaic hybrid hydrogen-production direct-current micro-grid and control method therefor
CN115404503A (en) * 2022-08-26 2022-11-29 四川大学 Micro-channel membraneless electrolytic hydrogen production device and preparation method thereof
CN116365898A (en) * 2023-03-01 2023-06-30 中国石油化工集团有限公司 Large-scale green hydrogen preparation thyristor rectification power supply system and control method
CN116260348A (en) * 2023-05-09 2023-06-13 四川大学 MMC-based high-capacity electrolytic hydrogen production hybrid rectifier and control method

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