CN117691151A - Fuel cell operation monitoring method and system - Google Patents
Fuel cell operation monitoring method and system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 97
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell operation monitoring method and a system, which particularly relate to the technical field of cell monitoring, and are characterized in that the degree of operation risk of a fuel cell is estimated by analyzing the recent use frequency degree of a micro-grid on the fuel cell and the operation load of the current fuel cell, then the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell is monitored, the load distribution uniformity among the units is estimated, the fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure is analyzed by acquiring the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, and the oxygen supply during the operation of the fuel cell is estimated; when the fuel cell has larger operation risk, load distribution uniformity, hydrogen leakage risk degree and oxygen supply capacity are comprehensively considered, the operation fault of the fuel cell is early warned in advance, the safety and reliability of the operation of the fuel cell are improved through multi-angle monitoring and evaluation, and the influence of potential faults of the fuel cell on the stable operation of the micro-grid is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery monitoring, in particular to a fuel cell operation monitoring method and a fuel cell operation monitoring system.
Background
The micro grid is a small-scale, local power system, typically comprising local generation, energy storage, energy management systems and loads, capable of being connected to the main grid when needed, and capable of independent operation. A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, typically using hydrogen and oxygen as fuels, to produce electricity and water in an electrochemical reaction. In a microgrid, a fuel cell may provide continuous, efficient, and relatively clean power as part of a renewable energy source. For example, fuel cells in a microgrid may be integrated with renewable energy devices such as solar panels, wind generators, and the like. The integration can compensate for the intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy sources and improve the stability of the micro-grid.
In the operation of the fuel cell, if the early warning can not be performed on the operation risk of the fuel cell in operation, the failure or abnormality of the fuel cell system may be caused, so that the safety risk such as hydrogen leakage, overheating of the cell and the like is caused. This can pose potential hazards to equipment, personnel and the environment and impact the overall reliability of the microgrid, resulting in an interruption or instability of the power supply, and fuel cell problems in operation can lead to instability of the power output, affecting the power quality of the microgrid.
In order to solve the above problems, a technical solution is now provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a system for monitoring operation of a fuel cell, which solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a fuel cell operation monitoring method comprising the steps of:
s1: analyzing the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently, analyzing the operation load of the current fuel cell, evaluating the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell according to the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently and the operation load of the current fuel cell, and dividing the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell into a large degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell and a small degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell;
s2: detecting the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell, and evaluating the uniformity of load distribution among the units;
s3: acquiring hydrogen pressure data in a recent fuel cell, analyzing fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, and evaluating hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell;
s4: evaluating whether the oxygen supply during the operation of the fuel cell meets a preset requirement or not, and evaluating the oxygen supply capacity during the operation of the fuel cell;
s5: when the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell is large, the uniformity of load distribution among the units, the degree of the hydrogen leakage risk of the fuel cell and the oxygen supply capacity of the fuel cell during operation are comprehensively analyzed, and the operation fault of the fuel cell is early warned.
In a preferred embodiment, in S1, a time interval T1 is set; acquiring the number of times of starting the fuel cell in the time interval T1, and marking the ratio of the number of times of starting the fuel cell in the time interval T1 to the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 as the cell starting frequency;
acquiring the time length of the operation of the fuel cell in the time interval T1, and marking the ratio of the time length of the operation of the fuel cell in the time interval T1 to the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 as the battery operation ratio;
the battery starting frequency and the battery operation ratio are subjected to unit removal processing, the battery starting frequency and the battery operation ratio after the unit removal processing are subjected to weighted summation, and the battery operation frequency index is calculated;
setting a time interval T2; the power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is obtained, the average power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is calculated, and the average power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is marked as the current load value.
In a preferred embodiment, a battery operation frequency index threshold is set, and the battery operation frequency index is compared with the battery operation frequency index threshold: generating a frequent operation signal when the frequent battery operation index is greater than the frequent battery operation index threshold; when the battery operation frequency index is smaller than or equal to the battery operation frequency index threshold value, generating an operation frequency normal signal;
setting a current load value threshold value, and comparing the current load value with the current load value threshold value: when the current load value is larger than the current load value threshold value, generating a load risk signal; when the current load value is smaller than or equal to the current load value threshold value, generating a load normal signal;
generating a running risk monitoring signal whenever one of a running frequent signal or a load risk signal is generated; and generating a normal running risk signal when generating a normal running frequency signal and generating a normal load signal.
In a preferred embodiment, in S2, the current value of the individual unit in each fuel cell is measured; marking the current value of a single cell as，/>Is->Current value of individual cell->Numbering of units;
calculating an average value of current values of all units in a fuel cellThe expression is: />；
By analyzing the difference between the current value of each cell and the average value of the current values of all cells, a load uniformity index is calculated, the expression of which is:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Is a load uniformity index>For the number of units in the fuel cell, +.>，/>Are all positive integers.
In a preferred embodiment, in S3, a pressure monitoring interval is set; uniformly setting a plurality of monitoring points in a time sequence in a pressure monitoring interval, and acquiring a hydrogen pressure value corresponding to each monitoring point;
analyzing according to fluctuation degree of hydrogen pressure value in the pressure monitoring interval, and calculating a hydrogen pressure risk index, wherein the expression is as follows:wherein->The first part in the hydrogen pressure risk index and the pressure monitoring interval respectively>Hydrogen pressure value corresponding to each monitoring point and the +.>Hydrogen pressure values corresponding to the monitoring points, +.>For the number of monitoring points in the pressure monitoring interval, < >>，Are integers greater than 1.
In a preferred embodiment, in S4, the oxygen input concentration in the fuel cell operation is obtained in real time, and the preset oxygen input concentration in the fuel cell operation is obtained;
according to the difference between the real-time oxygen input concentration and the preset oxygen input concentration, an oxygen input deviation ratio is calculated, wherein the oxygen input deviation ratio is the ratio of the real-time oxygen input concentration and the deviation value of the preset oxygen input concentration to the preset oxygen input concentration.
In a preferred embodiment, when an operation risk monitoring signal is generated, carrying out normalization processing on the load uniformity index, the hydrogen pressure risk index and the oxygen input deviation ratio, respectively endowing the normalized load uniformity index, the hydrogen pressure risk index and the oxygen input deviation ratio with preset proportionality coefficients, and calculating a fuel-electricity operation fault early warning coefficient;
setting a fuel-electricity operation fault early warning threshold value; comparing the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient with a fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, and carrying out early warning on the operation fault of the fuel cell:
when the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient is larger than the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, generating a fuel-electricity fault early-warning signal;
and when the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient is smaller than or equal to the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, generating a fuel-electricity fault normal signal.
In a preferred embodiment, a fuel cell operation monitoring system includes a risk preliminary evaluation module, a load uniformity evaluation module, a leakage risk evaluation module, an oxygen supply evaluation module, and an operation fault early warning module;
the risk preliminary evaluation module analyzes the frequency of the fuel cells recently used by the micro-grid, analyzes the operation load of the current fuel cells, and evaluates the operation risk of the fuel cells according to the frequency of the fuel cells recently used by the micro-grid and the operation load of the current fuel cells;
the load uniformity evaluation module detects the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell and evaluates the uniformity of load distribution among the units;
the leakage risk assessment module acquires hydrogen pressure data in a recent fuel cell, analyzes fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, and assesses hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell;
the oxygen supply evaluation module evaluates whether the oxygen supply reaches a preset requirement when the fuel cell is in operation or not, and evaluates the oxygen supply capacity when the fuel cell is in operation;
when the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell is large, the operation fault early warning module comprehensively analyzes the uniformity of load distribution among all units, the hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell and the oxygen supply capacity of the fuel cell during operation, and early warns the operation fault of the fuel cell.
The invention relates to a fuel cell operation monitoring method and a fuel cell operation monitoring system, which have the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the degree of the running risk of the fuel cell is estimated by analyzing the recent using frequency degree of the micro-grid on the fuel cell and the running load of the current fuel cell, and then the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell is monitored, and the load distribution uniformity among the units is estimated, so that the potential imbalance problem is found, and the potential imbalance problem is prevented or repaired in advance; by acquiring the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, the system analyzes the fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure to evaluate the risk of hydrogen leakage and ensure the safety of the system. Meanwhile, the oxygen supply is evaluated when the fuel cell is operated, so that the sufficiency of the oxygen supply is ensured, and the stability and the performance of the cell are improved.
2. When the fuel cell is detected to have larger operation risk, the load distribution uniformity, the hydrogen leakage risk degree and the oxygen supply capability are comprehensively considered, the attention to multiple factors of the fuel cell system is emphasized through multi-angle monitoring and evaluation, the early warning is carried out on the operation faults of the fuel cell in advance, the operation safety and reliability of the fuel cell are improved, the influence of potential faults of the fuel cell on the stable operation of the micro-grid is reduced, and a beneficial reference basis is provided for the operation and maintenance of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell operation monitoring method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell operation monitoring system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a fuel cell operation monitoring method of the present invention, which includes the steps of:
s1: analyzing the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently, analyzing the operation load of the current fuel cell, evaluating the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell according to the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently and the operation load of the current fuel cell, and dividing the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell into a large degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell and a small degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell;
s2: the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell is detected, and the uniformity of the load distribution among the respective units is evaluated.
S3: and acquiring hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, analyzing the fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, and evaluating the hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell.
S4: an assessment is made as to whether the oxygen supply during operation of the fuel cell meets a preset requirement, and the oxygen supply capacity during operation of the fuel cell is assessed.
S5: when the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell is large, the uniformity of load distribution among the units, the degree of the hydrogen leakage risk of the fuel cell and the oxygen supply capacity of the fuel cell during operation are comprehensively analyzed, and the operation fault of the fuel cell is early warned.
Typically, fuel cells are started up in a micro grid when additional power is required. The operating mode of the microgrid and the energy management system will typically monitor and adjust the power demand to ensure that the system is able to invoke the fuel cell when needed to meet the additional power demand.
In S1, a time interval T1 is set, the time interval T1 is a real-time interval, the end point of the real-time interval T1 is a real-time point, the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 is fixed, and the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 is set according to the actual monitoring requirement, for example, the time interval T1 is set to 2 hours.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the number of times of opening the fuel cell in a time interval T1, and marking the ratio of the number of times of opening the fuel cell in the time interval T1 to the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 as the cell opening frequency.
And recording the opening and closing time of the fuel cell in the time interval T1, acquiring the time length of the fuel cell operation in the time interval T1 according to the opening and closing time of the fuel cell, and marking the ratio of the time length of the fuel cell operation in the time interval T1 to the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 as the cell operation ratio.
The battery starting frequency and the battery operation ratio are subjected to unit removal processing, the battery starting frequency and the battery operation ratio after the unit removal processing are subjected to weighted summation, and the battery operation frequency index is calculated, wherein the expression is as follows:wherein->The battery operation frequency index, the battery opening frequency and the battery operation ratio are respectively; />Weights of battery on frequency and battery operation ratio, respectively, and +.>Are all greater than 0.
The greater the cell running frequency index, the more frequently the micro grid uses the fuel cells, and the more frequently the fuel cell system can experience thermal cycling during start-up and shut-down, which can lead to temperature changes. Too frequent thermal cycling can increase thermal stresses on the components, affecting the stability and durability of the fuel cell system, and the operational risk of the fuel cell can be adversely affected.
The time interval T2 is set, the time interval T2 is a real-time interval, the end point of the real-time interval T2 is a real-time point, the time length corresponding to the time interval T2 is fixed, the time length corresponding to the time interval T2 is set according to the actual monitoring requirement, for example, the time interval T2 is set to 30 seconds.
Analyzing the current operating load of the fuel cell: the power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is obtained, the average power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is calculated, the average power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is marked as a current load value, and the larger the current load value is, the larger the operation load of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is, and the higher the operation load can cause the fuel cell system to generate more heat. If the heat dissipation is insufficient or the system is improperly designed, it may cause the system temperature to rise, thereby affecting the performance and life of the fuel cell, and at high operating loads, more fuel and oxygen supply may be required, which may increase the gas pressure inside the fuel cell system. If the system is improperly designed or does not have adequate safety measures, the risk of gas leakage or system pressure exceeding safety limits, i.e., the fuel cell running at risk, may be increased.
Setting a battery operation frequency index threshold value, and comparing the battery operation frequency index with the battery operation frequency index threshold value:
generating a frequent operation signal when the frequent battery operation index is greater than the frequent battery operation index threshold;
and when the battery operation frequency index is smaller than or equal to the battery operation frequency index threshold value, generating an operation frequency normal signal.
Setting a current load value threshold value, and comparing the current load value with the current load value threshold value:
when the current load value is larger than the current load value threshold value, generating a load risk signal; and when the current load value is smaller than or equal to the current load value threshold value, generating a load normal signal.
Generating a running risk monitoring signal whenever one of a running frequent signal or a load risk signal is generated; and generating a normal running risk signal when generating a normal running frequency signal and generating a normal load signal.
When the operation risk monitoring signal is generated, the operation risk of the fuel cell is high, and further operation monitoring of the fuel cell is required.
When the normal running risk signal is generated, the degree of running risk of the fuel cell is small, and further running monitoring of the fuel cell is not needed.
The threshold value of the battery operation frequent index is set by a person skilled in the art according to the magnitude of the battery operation frequent index and other practical situations such as a requirement standard for the safety risk of the fuel cell caused by the battery operation frequent index, and will not be described herein. The current load value threshold is set by a person skilled in the art according to the current load value and other practical situations such as safety requirement standards for the power of the fuel cell, and will not be described herein.
Fuel cells are typically composed of a plurality of units, each unit being a separate fuel cell device. It generally includes components of an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte membrane (e.g., in a PEMFC), etc. During operation, the cell generates electrical energy by electrochemically reacting fuel (e.g., hydrogen) and oxygen with the electrolyte membrane. The output voltages of each cell are superimposed on each other to form the output voltage of the entire fuel cell.
The method comprises the steps of detecting the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell, evaluating the load distribution uniformity among the units, detecting whether the current balance is carried out in the fuel cell, finding out whether the current balance is carried out in the fuel cell, wherein the load is uneven, the load can lead to heavier work load of some units, and the load of other units is lighter, which can lead to shortened service life of part of units, thereby reducing the service life of the whole fuel cell system, the load balance not only affects the performance and service life, but also can affect the operation stability of the fuel cell, the load is uneven, and can lead to excessive work of some units, the risk of faults or failures of the fuel cell is increased, the current balance is monitored, the current balance is not only helpful for evaluating the current system state, but also timely alarm is provided, and operators can quickly take measures to adjust the system and maintain the fault units, thereby minimizing the influence of potential problems.
In S2, the current value of the individual cell in each fuel cell is measured, ensuring accurate measurement of the current value of each cell. The measurement of the current value of each cell involves the use of a current sensor or other measurement device.
Marking the current value of a single cell as，/>Is->Current value of individual cell->Is the number of the cell.
Calculating an average value of current values of all units in a fuel cellThe expression is: />。
By analyzing the difference between the current value of each cell and the average value of the current values of all cells, a load uniformity index is calculated, the expression of which is:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Is a load uniformity index>For the number of units in the fuel cell, +.>，/>Are all positive integers.
The larger the load uniformity index, the larger the difference between the cell current value and the average value of the current values of all the cells, and the larger the difference indicates that there is an uneven load distribution between the cells. An overloaded cell may not operate stably in the fuel cell, resulting in voltage fluctuations or other adverse effects. This may affect the performance and reliability of the fuel cell and even lead to a shutdown of the fuel cell. Uneven load distribution may lead to overheating or other abnormal operating conditions in certain parts, increasing the risk of failure or safety problems of the fuel cell.
In S3, the hydrogen supply typically involves a hydrogen tank from which hydrogen may be extracted, or a hydrogen delivery system that may deliver hydrogen from a production or supply station to the fuel cell system, typically containing high purity hydrogen.
Setting a pressure monitoring interval, wherein the pressure monitoring interval is a real-time interval, the end point of the pressure monitoring interval is a real-time point, the time length corresponding to the pressure monitoring interval is fixed, and the time length corresponding to the pressure monitoring interval is set according to actual monitoring requirements.
Uniformly setting a plurality of monitoring points in a time sequence in a pressure monitoring interval, and acquiring a hydrogen pressure value corresponding to each monitoring point: an appropriate hydrogen pressure sensor or monitoring device is selected. These devices should have sufficient sensitivity and accuracy to ensure accurate acquisition of hydrogen pressure data. The hydrogen pressure sensor or monitoring device is connected to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system is configured to acquire the hydrogen pressure value at a predetermined frequency.
The hydrogen pressure value should be kept within a fixed range under normal conditions of operation of the fuel cell, and if the hydrogen pressure value is frequently changed, frequent hydrogen pressure changes may be caused by gas leakage. Leaks may occur in hydrogen pipelines, connections, or other system components, causing the hydrogen pressure to continually fluctuate. Leakage is a serious safety issue that requires timely detection and repair. Certain components of the fuel cell system may malfunction or be unstable, resulting in irregular changes in hydrogen pressure. This may include hydrogen gas supply systems, pressure regulators, etc. Failure of the control system may result in improper control of the hydrogen pressure, thereby causing frequent pressure changes. This may include problems with control algorithms, sensor failures, etc.
Analyzing according to fluctuation degree of hydrogen pressure value in the pressure monitoring interval, and calculating a hydrogen pressure risk index, wherein the expression is as follows:wherein->The first part in the hydrogen pressure risk index and the pressure monitoring interval respectively>Hydrogen pressure value corresponding to each monitoring point and the +.>Hydrogen pressure values corresponding to the monitoring points, +.>For the number of monitoring points in the pressure monitoring interval, < >>，Are integers greater than 1.
The greater the hydrogen pressure risk index, the greater the degree of fluctuation in the hydrogen pressure value in the pressure monitoring interval, and the risk of hydrogen leakage in the fuel cell may increase as the hydrogen pressure risk index increases and the hydrogen pressure value fluctuates. Frequent hydrogen pressure fluctuations may be an indication of gas leakage, as leakage may lead to a constant change in hydrogen pressure. Hydrogen leakage is a serious safety concern and can lead to explosions and other hazards. Highly fluctuating hydrogen pressure may cause unstable operation of the fuel cell system. This may affect the performance, efficiency and reliability of the operation of the fuel cell because variations in hydrogen pressure may affect the reaction rate and supply of hydrogen. Hydrogen leakage and unstable operation may lead to a decrease in the overall safety of the system. This is particularly important for hydrogen-fueled systems, as hydrogen is highly flammable.
In S4, the oxygen supply is critical to the proper operation of the fuel cell, while too much or too little supply may negatively affect the system.
Influence of oxygen supply overmuch: excessive oxygen may cause an excess of oxygen, which in turn affects chemical reactions inside the battery. This may lead to non-ideal conditions for the reaction, reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell. Excessive oxygen may increase the risk of combustion of the hydrogen. In extreme cases, a risk of explosion or fire may result.
Effects of too little oxygen supply: insufficient oxygen supply can lead to limited redox reactions, slowing the rate of reaction of the fuel cell. This may result in a decrease in battery output power. The lack of a sufficient supply of oxygen may cause the cell to operate under non-ideal conditions, thereby affecting the overall efficiency of the fuel cell. Insufficient oxygen supply may lead to premature aging of system components, reducing the life of the fuel cell.
Acquiring the oxygen input concentration in the operation of the fuel cell in real time; based on the operating system of the fuel cell, a preset oxygen input concentration in the operation of the fuel cell is obtained.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the oxygen input concentration in the operation of the fuel cell in real time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an oxygen sensor of the appropriate type and specification is selected. Different types of sensors, such as electrochemical sensors or optical sensors, may be selected, the specific choice depending on the requirements of the application.
An oxygen sensor is installed at a selected appropriate position in the fuel cell system. Ensuring that the sensor position accurately reflects the change in oxygen concentration and is installed according to the sensor model and manufacturer's installation guidelines.
Real-time oxygen concentration data is monitored. These data can be used to evaluate changes in oxygen input concentration and detect anomalies in the system.
Real-time oxygen concentration data is recorded and analyzed. By monitoring the trend of the oxygen concentration, the performance of the system can be better understood.
Acquiring preset oxygen input concentration: consult a design document, a user manual, or manufacturer-provided data for the fuel cell system. These documents typically contain detailed information about the system design and operating parameters, including preset oxygen input concentrations. The fuel cell system may provide a user interface through which operating parameters of the system, including oxygen input concentration, may be viewed and set. In the system setup interface, the relevant preset values may be found or set.
According to the difference between the real-time oxygen input concentration and the preset oxygen input concentration, an oxygen input deviation ratio is calculated, wherein the oxygen input deviation ratio is the ratio of the real-time oxygen input concentration and the deviation value of the preset oxygen input concentration to the preset oxygen input concentration.
The greater the oxygen input deviation ratio, the greater the degree to which the real-time oxygen input concentration deviates from the preset oxygen input concentration, and the worse the oxygen supply capability of the fuel cell during operation, the progress of the oxidation-reduction reaction may be affected, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the fuel cell. Oxygen is an oxidizing agent in a battery, and the change of concentration of the oxygen directly affects the output power and the energy conversion efficiency of the battery. Large variations in oxygen input concentration can lead to instabilities in cell performance, making it difficult for the system to maintain stable voltage and power output. This may affect the normal operation of the battery and cause fluctuations in the power system. Instability of the oxygen input concentration may cause excessive stress and wear on the internal components of the system, thereby accelerating life decay of the fuel cell. If the oxygen input concentration is outside the safety range of the system design, safety risks may be raised, such as excessive oxygen may increase the risk of hydrogen combustion.
When an operation risk monitoring signal is generated, carrying out normalization processing on the load uniformity index, the hydrogen pressure risk index and the oxygen input deviation ratio, respectively endowing the normalized load uniformity index, the hydrogen pressure risk index and the oxygen input deviation ratio with preset proportionality coefficients, and calculating a fuel-electricity operation fault early warning coefficient, wherein the expression is as follows:wherein->Respectively a fuel-electricity operation fault early warning coefficient, a load uniformity index, a hydrogen pressure risk index and an oxygen input deviation ratio,the preset ratio coefficients of the load uniformity index, the hydrogen pressure risk index and the oxygen input deviation ratio are respectively +.>Are all greater than 0.
The greater the fuel-electric operating failure warning coefficient, the greater the risk of operating failure of the fuel cell.
The fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold is set by a person skilled in the art according to the magnitude of the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient and other actual conditions such as safety requirement standards for operation faults of the fuel cell, and is not described herein.
Comparing the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient with a fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, and carrying out early warning on the operation fault of the fuel cell:
when the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient is larger than the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, generating a fuel-electricity fault early-warning signal, wherein the fuel cell has faults or has larger risk of faults, and taking the following measures according to the generated fuel-electricity fault early-warning signal:
stopping and cutting off the power supply: the operation of the fuel cell is immediately stopped, and the power supply is cut off. This is to prevent further damage and to ensure the safety of the system. Shutdown may prevent further development of potential faults and reduce possible damage.
Fault diagnosis and localization: and starting a fault diagnosis program, and performing detailed inspection and positioning on the system to find out the specific cause of the fault. This may involve examining various system components of the sensor, controller, stack, etc. to determine the fault that caused the pre-warning signal.
Maintenance: repair and maintenance are performed on the detected fault. This may include replacing damaged components, repairing electrical connections, cleaning up accumulated dirt, or calibrating the sensor. Ensuring that the system calibration is re-performed after repair.
Data recording and analysis: the system data at the time of failure is recorded for subsequent analysis. This helps determine the root cause of the fault and provides useful information during later maintenance.
Notifying maintenance personnel: and (5) transmitting a fault early warning signal to maintenance personnel to inform the maintenance personnel that the system has a problem. Timely notification can help the maintenance team respond quickly and take the necessary actions.
And restarting the system: and after fault diagnosis and repair are completed, restarting the system. Ensuring that all problems have been solved and that the necessary tests are performed to verify proper operation of the system before restarting.
Recording a fault event: the fault event is recorded in a system maintenance log, including the type of fault, the time of occurrence, the repair measures and the operation of maintenance personnel. This helps to build a history of operation of the system, providing a reference for future maintenance and improvement.
When the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient is smaller than or equal to the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, a fuel-electricity fault normal signal is generated, and at the moment, the risk of the fault of the fuel cell is smaller, and no measures are needed.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 of the present invention differs from embodiment 1 in that this embodiment is described as a fuel cell operation monitoring system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell operation monitoring system according to the present invention, which includes a risk preliminary evaluation module, a load uniformity evaluation module, a leakage risk evaluation module, an oxygen supply evaluation module, and an operation failure early warning module.
The risk preliminary evaluation module analyzes the frequency of the micro-grid recently used fuel cells, analyzes the operation load of the current fuel cells, evaluates the operation risk of the fuel cells according to the frequency of the micro-grid recently used fuel cells and the operation load of the current fuel cells, and classifies the operation risk of the fuel cells into large operation risk of the fuel cells and small operation risk of the fuel cells
The load uniformity evaluation module detects a current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell, and evaluates uniformity of load distribution among the units.
The leakage risk assessment module acquires hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, analyzes the fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, and assesses the hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell.
The oxygen supply evaluation module evaluates whether the oxygen supply reaches a preset requirement when the fuel cell is in operation, and evaluates the oxygen supply capacity when the fuel cell is in operation.
When the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell is large, the operation fault early warning module comprehensively analyzes the uniformity of load distribution among all units, the hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell and the oxygen supply capacity of the fuel cell during operation, and early warns the operation fault of the fuel cell.
The above formulas are all formulas with dimensionality removed and numerical calculation, the formulas are formulas with the latest real situation obtained by software simulation through collecting a large amount of data, and preset parameters and threshold selection in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Finally: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for monitoring operation of a fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
s1: analyzing the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently, analyzing the operation load of the current fuel cell, evaluating the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell according to the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently and the operation load of the current fuel cell, and dividing the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell into a large degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell and a small degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell;
s2: detecting the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell, and evaluating the uniformity of load distribution among the units;
s3: acquiring hydrogen pressure data in a recent fuel cell, analyzing fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, and evaluating hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell;
s4: evaluating whether the oxygen supply during the operation of the fuel cell meets a preset requirement or not, and evaluating the oxygen supply capacity during the operation of the fuel cell;
s5: when the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell is large, the uniformity of load distribution among the units, the degree of the hydrogen leakage risk of the fuel cell and the oxygen supply capacity of the fuel cell during operation are comprehensively analyzed, and the operation fault of the fuel cell is early warned.
2. A fuel cell operation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S1, a time interval T1 is set; acquiring the number of times of starting the fuel cell in the time interval T1, and marking the ratio of the number of times of starting the fuel cell in the time interval T1 to the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 as the cell starting frequency;
acquiring the time length of the operation of the fuel cell in the time interval T1, and marking the ratio of the time length of the operation of the fuel cell in the time interval T1 to the time length corresponding to the time interval T1 as the battery operation ratio;
the battery starting frequency and the battery operation ratio are subjected to unit removal processing, the battery starting frequency and the battery operation ratio after the unit removal processing are subjected to weighted summation, and the battery operation frequency index is calculated;
setting a time interval T2; the power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is obtained, the average power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is calculated, and the average power of the fuel cell in the time interval T2 is marked as the current load value.
3. A fuel cell operation monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: setting a battery operation frequency index threshold value, and comparing the battery operation frequency index with the battery operation frequency index threshold value: generating a frequent operation signal when the frequent battery operation index is greater than the frequent battery operation index threshold; when the battery operation frequency index is smaller than or equal to the battery operation frequency index threshold value, generating an operation frequency normal signal;
setting a current load value threshold value, and comparing the current load value with the current load value threshold value: when the current load value is larger than the current load value threshold value, generating a load risk signal; when the current load value is smaller than or equal to the current load value threshold value, generating a load normal signal;
generating a running risk monitoring signal whenever one of a running frequent signal or a load risk signal is generated; and generating a normal running risk signal when generating a normal running frequency signal and generating a normal load signal.
4. A fuel cell operation monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in S2, measuring a current value of a single unit in each fuel cell; marking the current value of a single cell as，/>Is->The value of the current in the individual cells,numbering of units;
calculating an average value of current values of all units in a fuel cellThe expression is: />；
By analyzing the difference between the current value of each cell and the average value of the current values of all cells, a load uniformity index is calculated, the expression of which is:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Is a load uniformity index>For the number of units in the fuel cell, +.>Are all positive integers.
5. A fuel cell operation monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in S3, a pressure monitoring section is set; uniformly setting a plurality of monitoring points in a time sequence in a pressure monitoring interval, and acquiring a hydrogen pressure value corresponding to each monitoring point;
analyzing according to fluctuation degree of hydrogen pressure value in the pressure monitoring interval, and calculating a hydrogen pressure risk index, wherein the expression is as follows:wherein->The first part in the hydrogen pressure risk index and the pressure monitoring interval respectively>The hydrogen pressure value corresponding to each monitoring point and the hydrogen pressure value corresponding to the W-th monitoring point in the pressure monitoring interval, K is the number of the monitoring points in the pressure monitoring interval,are integers greater than 1.
6. A fuel cell operation monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in S4, acquiring the real-time oxygen input concentration in the operation of the fuel cell, and acquiring the preset oxygen input concentration in the operation of the fuel cell;
according to the difference between the real-time oxygen input concentration and the preset oxygen input concentration, an oxygen input deviation ratio is calculated, wherein the oxygen input deviation ratio is the ratio of the real-time oxygen input concentration and the deviation value of the preset oxygen input concentration to the preset oxygen input concentration.
7. A fuel cell operation monitoring method according to claim 6, characterized in that: when an operation risk monitoring signal is generated, carrying out normalization processing on the load uniformity index, the hydrogen pressure risk index and the oxygen input deviation ratio, respectively endowing the normalized load uniformity index, the hydrogen pressure risk index and the oxygen input deviation ratio with preset proportionality coefficients, and calculating a fuel-electricity operation fault early warning coefficient;
setting a fuel-electricity operation fault early warning threshold value; comparing the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient with a fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, and carrying out early warning on the operation fault of the fuel cell:
when the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient is larger than the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, generating a fuel-electricity fault early-warning signal;
and when the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning coefficient is smaller than or equal to the fuel-electricity operation fault early-warning threshold value, generating a fuel-electricity fault normal signal.
8. A fuel cell operation monitoring system for implementing a fuel cell operation monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the system comprises a risk preliminary evaluation module, a load uniformity evaluation module, a leakage risk evaluation module, an oxygen supply evaluation module and an operation fault early warning module;
the risk preliminary evaluation module analyzes the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently, analyzes the operation load of the current fuel cell, evaluates the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell according to the frequency of the fuel cell used by the micro-grid recently and the operation load of the current fuel cell, and divides the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell into a large degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell and a small degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell;
the load uniformity evaluation module detects the current balance condition of each unit in the fuel cell and evaluates the uniformity of load distribution among the units;
the leakage risk assessment module acquires hydrogen pressure data in a recent fuel cell, analyzes fluctuation degree of the hydrogen pressure data in the recent fuel cell, and assesses hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell;
the oxygen supply evaluation module evaluates whether the oxygen supply reaches a preset requirement when the fuel cell is in operation or not, and evaluates the oxygen supply capacity when the fuel cell is in operation;
when the degree of the operation risk of the fuel cell is large, the operation fault early warning module comprehensively analyzes the uniformity of load distribution among all units, the hydrogen leakage risk degree of the fuel cell and the oxygen supply capacity of the fuel cell during operation, and early warns the operation fault of the fuel cell.
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| CN118017132A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-10 | 成都扬百风辉新能源技术有限公司 | Integrated manufacturing method of new energy battery box body and liquid cooling plate |
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