CN117684999A - Tunnel boring machine and diameter changing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel boring machine and a diameter changing method of the tunnel boring machine. The tunnel boring machine provided by the invention comprises a cutter head and a shield body; the cutter head comprises a sub cutter head and a master cutter head, the master cutter head is arranged on the outer side of the sub cutter head in a surrounding mode, the master cutter head comprises a plurality of arc-shaped cutter head blocks, and the plurality of cutter head blocks are spliced together to form an annular master cutter head; the cutter head comprises a cutter arm which is telescopically arranged in a spoke arm bin of the cutter head; the shield body includes the son shield body and with female shield body, the shield body is located the one side that deviates from tunnel boring machine tunneling direction of blade disc, and female shield body encloses the outside of locating the son shield body, and female shield body includes a plurality of curved shield body sub-blocks, and a plurality of shield body sub-blocks splice into annular female shield body sub-ring jointly, and a plurality of female shield body sub-rings splice into female shield body along the axial of son shield body. The invention provides a tunnel boring machine and a diameter changing method thereof, which can quickly change the diameter of the tunnel boring machine in a tunnel.

Description

Tunnel boring machine and diameter changing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machines, in particular to a tunnel boring machine and a diameter changing method of the tunnel boring machine.

Background

Tunnel boring machines are mechanical construction equipment commonly used in tunnel construction, and the requirements on the diameter of a tunnel may be different at different stages of the boring of the tunnel boring machine.

In the prior art, the diameter of the outer shell of the hole is enlarged, the diameter of the inner shell of the hole is unshelling and reduced, or the diameter of the working well is changed by arranging the working well at the diameter-changing position, however, some occasions do not have the condition of arranging the working well, the diameter-changing in the hole cannot be realized, and great inconvenience is caused to construction.

Under the background, a tunneling machine for solving the problem of convenient diameter changing in a tunnel needs to be sought so as to improve the efficiency of construction of an interval tunnel and a station tunnel.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve at least one problem mentioned in the background art, the invention provides a tunnel boring machine and a diameter changing method of the tunnel boring machine, which can quickly change the diameter of the tunnel boring machine in a tunnel.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

in a first aspect, the invention provides a tunneling machine, comprising a cutter head, a shield body and a mounting mechanism;

the cutter head comprises a sub cutter head and a master cutter head, the master cutter head is arranged on the outer side of the sub cutter head in a surrounding mode, the master cutter head comprises a plurality of arc-shaped cutter head blocks, and the plurality of cutter head blocks are spliced together to form an annular master cutter head;

the sub cutterhead comprises a cutting arm which is telescopically arranged in a spoke arm bin of the sub cutterhead and is configured to extend out of the spoke arm bin when the diameter of the tunnel boring machine is enlarged so as to excavate a tunnel;

the shield body comprises a sub-shield body and a main shield body, the shield body is positioned on one side of the cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine, the main shield body is arranged on the outer side of the sub-shield body in a surrounding mode, the main shield body comprises a plurality of arc-shaped shield body sub-blocks, the plurality of shield body sub-blocks are spliced together to form an annular main shield body sub-ring, and the plurality of main shield body sub-rings are spliced to form a main shield body along the axial direction of the sub-shield body;

the installation mechanism is arranged on one side of the master cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction, and is configured to disassemble and assemble the shield blocks under the drive of the cutterhead.

As an optional implementation manner, the device further comprises a conveying mechanism, wherein the conveying mechanism is arranged in the sub-shield body and is used for conveying the sub-shield body into the soil bin of the tunnel boring machine in a blocking mode.

As an alternative implementation mode, the device further comprises a shielding assembly, wherein the shielding assembly is arranged on the inner side of the sub-shield body and comprises a shielding piece and a driving oil cylinder, and the shielding piece is connected to the driving end of the driving oil cylinder so as to extend into the soil bin or retract from the soil bin through the driving oil cylinder.

As an alternative embodiment, the tunneling machine further comprises a female tail shield, wherein the female tail shield is positioned on one side of the female shield body, which is away from the tunneling direction.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a diameter-changing method of a tunnel boring machine, applied to any one of the tunnel boring machines in the first aspect, comprising the steps of:

extending the cutting arm from a spoke arm bin of a sub-cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, and enabling the extending cutting arm to excavate a tunnel under the drive of the sub-cutterhead;

the plurality of arc-shaped cutterheads are welded on the outer side of the sub cutterhead one by one in a blocking mode, so that the plurality of arc-shaped cutterheads are spliced on the outer side of the sub cutterhead to form an annular master cutterhead;

the shield body blocks transported into the soil bin of the tunnel boring machine are arranged on the outer side of the sub shield body one by one through the mounting mechanism arranged on the inner side of the master cutter head, so that annular master shield body split rings are spliced on the outer side of the sub shield body through a plurality of shield body blocks, and the plurality of master shield body split rings are spliced into a master shield body along the axial direction of the sub shield body;

the main shield body and the sub shield body are fixedly connected together, and a propulsion cylinder is arranged on one side of the main shield body, which is far away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine.

As an alternative embodiment, the cutting arm extends out from the spoke arm bin of the sub cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, and after the extending cutting arm is driven by the sub cutterhead to excavate the tunnel, the method further comprises:

mounting a steel plate ring on the inner wall of the tunnel excavated by the cutting arm;

and an anchor rod is arranged between the steel plate ring and the inner wall of the tunnel.

As an alternative embodiment, before the plurality of arc-shaped cutterheads are welded on the outer side of the sub cutterhead one by one, the method further comprises: the shielding assembly arranged on the inner side of the sub shield body stretches into the soil bin along the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine so as to shield the soil and stones falling above the soil bin through the shielding assembly.

As an optional implementation manner, the main shield body and the sub shield body are fixedly connected together, and before the thrust cylinder is installed on one side of the main shield body away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine, the method further comprises: and removing the conveying mechanism and a sub-tail shield of the tunnel boring machine, wherein the sub-tail shield is positioned at one side of the sub-shield body, which is far away from the tunneling direction.

As an optional implementation manner, the main shield body and the sub shield body are fixedly connected together, and after the thrust cylinder is installed on one side of the main shield body away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine, the method further comprises: and installing arc-shaped female tail shield blocks at the outer sides of the removed sub-tail shield positions so as to splice the plurality of female tail shields into an annular female tail shield.

As an optional implementation manner, the female shield body and the sub shield body are fixedly connected together, and specifically includes: the main shield body and the sub shield body are radially connected through the pin shaft or the bolt, and the main shield body and the sub shield body are welded together along the same axial end of the main shield body.

The tunnel boring machine provided by the invention comprises a cutter head, a shield body and a mounting mechanism; the cutter head comprises a sub cutter head and a master cutter head, the master cutter head is arranged on the outer side of the sub cutter head in a surrounding mode, the master cutter head comprises a plurality of arc-shaped cutter head blocks, and the plurality of cutter head blocks are spliced together to form an annular master cutter head; the sub cutterhead comprises a cutting arm which is telescopically arranged in a spoke arm bin of the sub cutterhead and is configured to extend out of the spoke arm bin when the diameter of the tunnel boring machine is enlarged so as to excavate a tunnel; the shield body comprises a sub-shield body and a main shield body, the shield body is positioned on one side of the cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine, the main shield body is arranged on the outer side of the sub-shield body in a surrounding mode, the main shield body comprises a plurality of arc-shaped shield body sub-blocks, the plurality of shield body sub-blocks are spliced together to form an annular main shield body sub-ring, and the plurality of main shield body sub-rings are spliced to form a main shield body along the axial direction of the sub-shield body; the installation mechanism is arranged on one side of the master cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction, and is configured to disassemble and assemble the shield blocks under the drive of the cutterhead.

When the tunnel boring machine is used for expanding the diameter, a construction space convenient for installing cutter disc blocks can be dug out at the periphery of the sub-cutter disc and in front of a palm face through the cutting arms arranged in the spoke arm bin of the sub-cutter disc, then the cutter disc blocks can be welded at the outer side of the sub-cutter disc one by one from the lower part of the sub-cutter disc, and a plurality of arc-shaped cutter disc blocks are finally assembled at the periphery of the sub-cutter disc to form a complete master cutter disc; the shield body blocks can be arranged on the outer side of the sub shield body one by one from the soil bin through an installation mechanism arranged on the inner side of the female cutter head, the shield body blocks are spliced on the outer side of the sub shield body to form an annular female shield body split ring, and the plurality of female shield body split rings are spliced into a female shield body along the axial direction of the sub shield body; when the tunnel boring machine needs to shrink, the female cutter head and the female shield body can be removed respectively, and the diameter changing process is very convenient.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a diameter changing method of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a first state diagram of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention during diameter expansion;

FIG. 3 is a second state diagram of the tunnel boring machine according to the embodiment of the present invention when expanding the diameter;

FIG. 4 is a third state diagram of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention during diameter expansion;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutterhead according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is an installation schematic diagram of a sub shield body and a parent shield body in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sub-shield body in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a state diagram of a transport mechanism in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a shield assembly in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a mounting mechanism in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

100-tunneling machine;

110-a sub-cutterhead;

111-spoke arm bins;

120-parent cutterhead;

130-sub shield body;

140-a parent shield body;

150-a mounting mechanism;

160-a transport mechanism;

161-a transportation track;

162-a transport base;

170-a shielding assembly;

171-a shutter;

172-driving an oil cylinder;

180-steel plate rings;

190-anchor rod;

200-pushing an oil cylinder;

300-female tail shield;

400-a cross frame;

500-soil bin;

510-soil bin partition boards.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In the application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are only used to better describe the present invention and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the indicated devices, elements or components to the particular orientations or to configure and operate in the particular orientations.

Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in the present invention will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "configured," "provided," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; may be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish between different devices, elements, or components (the particular species and configurations may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance and number of devices, elements, or components indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

In the prior art, the diameter of the outer shell of the hole is enlarged, the diameter of the inner shell of the hole is unshelling and reduced, or the diameter of the working well is changed by arranging the working well at the diameter-changing position, however, some occasions do not have the condition of arranging the working well, the diameter-changing in the hole cannot be realized, and great inconvenience is caused to construction. Under the background, a construction method for solving the problem of convenient diameter changing in a tunnel is required to be sought so as to improve the construction efficiency of an interval tunnel and a station tunnel.

In view of the above, the invention provides a tunnel boring machine, which comprises a cutter head, a shield body and a mounting mechanism; the cutter head comprises a sub cutter head and a master cutter head, the master cutter head is arranged on the outer side of the sub cutter head in a surrounding mode, the master cutter head comprises a plurality of arc-shaped cutter head blocks, and the plurality of cutter head blocks are spliced together to form an annular master cutter head; the sub cutterhead comprises a cutting arm which is telescopically arranged in a spoke arm bin of the sub cutterhead and is configured to extend out of the spoke arm bin when the diameter of the tunnel boring machine is enlarged so as to excavate a tunnel; the shield body comprises a sub-shield body and a main shield body, the shield body is positioned on one side of the cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine, the main shield body is arranged on the outer side of the sub-shield body in a surrounding mode, the main shield body comprises a plurality of arc-shaped shield body sub-blocks, the plurality of shield body sub-blocks are spliced together to form an annular main shield body sub-ring, and the plurality of main shield body sub-rings are spliced to form a main shield body along the axial direction of the sub-shield body; the installation mechanism is arranged on one side of the master cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction, and is configured to disassemble and assemble the shield blocks under the drive of the cutterhead.

When expanding, firstly, a construction space for conveniently installing cutter disc blocks can be dug out at the periphery of the sub-cutter disc and in front of a palm face through a cutting arm arranged in a spoke arm bin of the sub-cutter disc, then the cutter disc blocks can be welded at the outer side of the sub-cutter disc one by one from the lower part of the sub-cutter disc, and a plurality of arc-shaped cutter disc blocks are finally assembled at the periphery of the sub-cutter disc to form a complete master cutter disc; the shield body blocks can be arranged on the outer side of the sub shield body one by one from the soil bin through an installation mechanism arranged on the inner side of the female cutter head, the shield body blocks are spliced on the outer side of the sub shield body to form an annular female shield body split ring, and the plurality of female shield body split rings are spliced into a female shield body along the axial direction of the sub shield body; when the tunnel boring machine needs to shrink, the female cutter head and the female shield body can be removed respectively, and the diameter changing process is very convenient.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a diameter changing method of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a first state diagram of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention during diameter expansion; FIG. 3 is a second state diagram of the tunnel boring machine according to the embodiment of the present invention when expanding the diameter; FIG. 4 is a third state diagram of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention during diameter expansion; fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutterhead according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 6 is an installation schematic diagram of a sub shield body and a parent shield body in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sub-shield body in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a state diagram of a transport mechanism in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a shield assembly in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a mounting mechanism in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 10, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel boring machine 100, including a cutterhead, a shield body, and a mounting mechanism 150; the cutterhead comprises a sub cutterhead 110 and a master cutterhead 120, the master cutterhead 120 is arranged on the outer side of the sub cutterhead 110 in a surrounding mode, the master cutterhead 120 comprises a plurality of arc cutterhead blocks, and the plurality of cutterhead blocks are spliced together to form an annular master cutterhead 120; the sub cutterhead 110 may include a cutting arm telescopically mounted in a spoke arm magazine 111 of the sub cutterhead 110, the cutting arm being configured to extend out of the spoke arm magazine 111 for excavating a tunnel when expanding the tunnel boring machine 100; the shield body comprises a sub-shield body 130 and a main shield body 140, the shield body is positioned at one side of the cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine 100, the main shield body 140 is arranged on the outer side of the sub-shield body 130 in a surrounding mode, the main shield body 140 comprises a plurality of arc-shaped shield body blocks, the shield body blocks are spliced together to form an annular main shield body 140 in a split ring, and the main shield body 140 in the split ring is spliced to form the main shield body 140 along the axial direction of the sub-shield body 130; the mounting mechanism 150 is disposed on a side of the master cutterhead 120 facing away from the tunneling direction, and the mounting mechanism 150 is configured to disassemble and assemble the shield blocks under the driving of the cutterhead.

In the foregoing embodiment, the tunneling machine 100 may further include a transporting mechanism 160, where the transporting mechanism 160 is disposed in the sub-shield body 130, and the transporting mechanism 160 is configured to transport the sub-shield body 130 into the soil bin 500 of the tunneling machine 100 in blocks, so as to be installed after being grabbed by the installation mechanism 150.

In the above embodiment, the shielding assembly 170 is further included, the shielding assembly 170 is disposed on the inner side of the sub-shield body 130, the shielding assembly 170 includes a shielding member 171 and a driving cylinder 172, and the shielding member 171 is connected to the driving end of the driving cylinder 172, so that the shielding member 171 is driven by the driving cylinder 172 to extend into the soil bin 500 or retract from the soil bin 500. The shielding piece 171 can be specifically arranged on a partition plate between the soil bin 500 and the shield body, the shielding piece 171 can be designed into an arc shape similar to a hat peak, and earth and stones falling above the soil bin 500 can be shielded through the shielding piece 171, so that safety protection is provided for constructors. The tunnel boring machine 100 may further include a female tail shield 300, where the female tail shield 300 is located on a side of the female shield body 140 facing away from the tunneling direction, and the female tail shield 300 may provide safety protection for the segment installation process.

The tunnel boring machine 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a cutter head, a shield body and a mounting mechanism 150; the cutterhead comprises a sub cutterhead 110 and a master cutterhead 120, the master cutterhead 120 is arranged on the outer side of the sub cutterhead 110 in a surrounding mode, the master cutterhead 120 comprises a plurality of arc cutterhead blocks, and the plurality of cutterhead blocks are spliced together to form an annular master cutterhead 120; the sub cutterhead 110 includes a cutting arm telescopically mounted in a spoke arm magazine 111 of the sub cutterhead 110, the cutting arm being configured to extend out of the spoke arm magazine 111 for excavating a tunnel when expanding the tunnel boring machine 100; the shield body comprises a sub-shield body 130 and a main shield body 140, the shield body is positioned at one side of the cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine 100, the main shield body 140 is arranged on the outer side of the sub-shield body 130 in a surrounding mode, the main shield body 140 comprises a plurality of arc-shaped shield body blocks, the shield body blocks are spliced together to form an annular main shield body 140 in a split ring, and the main shield body 140 in the split ring is spliced to form the main shield body 140 along the axial direction of the sub-shield body 130; the mounting mechanism 150 is disposed on a side of the master cutterhead 120 facing away from the tunneling direction, and the mounting mechanism 150 is configured to disassemble and assemble the shield blocks under the driving of the cutterhead.

When the tunnel boring machine 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for expanding the diameter, a construction space convenient for installing cutter disc blocks can be dug out at the periphery of the cutter disc 110 and in front of a palm face through a cutting arm arranged in a spoke arm bin 111 of the cutter disc 110, then the cutter disc blocks can be welded at the outer side of the cutter disc 110 one by one from the lower part of the cutter disc 110, and a plurality of arc-shaped cutter disc blocks are finally assembled into a complete master cutter disc 120 at the periphery of the cutter disc 110; then, the shield blocks can be arranged on the outer side of the sub-shield body 130 one by one from the soil bin 500 through the mounting mechanism 150 arranged on the inner side of the main cutter head 120, the shield blocks are spliced on the outer side of the sub-shield body 130 to form annular main shield body 140 split rings, and the plurality of main shield bodies 140 split rings are spliced into main shield bodies 140 along the axial direction of the sub-shield body 130; when the tunnel boring machine 100 needs to shrink, the master cutterhead 120 and the master shield body 140 can be removed respectively, and the diameter changing process is very convenient.

In addition, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a diameter-changing method of the tunnel boring machine 100, which is applied to any one of the tunnel boring machines 100 in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:

and S100, extending the cutting arm from the spoke arm bin 111 of the sub-cutterhead 110 of the tunnel boring machine 100, and enabling the extending cutting arm to excavate a tunnel under the driving of the sub-cutterhead 110.

The cutting arm can retract into the spoke arm bin 111 of the sub cutterhead 110 at ordinary times, a bin gate can be arranged on one side, far away from the center of the cutterhead, of the spoke arm bin 111, when the tunnel boring machine 100 needs to be expanded, the bin gate can be opened, then the head of the cutting arm extends out of the bin gate to be in contact with the tunnel wall on the periphery of the sub cutterhead 110, the cutting arm is started, the length of the cutting arm extending out of the spoke arm bin 111 is adjusted through rotating the sub cutterhead 110, the tunnel wall on the periphery of the sub cutterhead 110 can be gradually expanded through the cutting arm until the size capable of being installed into the main cutterhead 120 is excavated, in addition, the main cutterhead 110 can be expanded forwards through the forward expansion of the sub cutterhead 110, and a larger working space can be excavated on the front side of the sub cutterhead 110 through the cutting arm. After the construction space is dug by using the cutting arm, the cutting arm can be retracted into the spoke arm bin 111, and the bin gate of the spoke arm bin 111 is closed.

In the above embodiment, after the cutting arm digs, the steel plate ring 180 may be installed on the inner wall of the tunnel dug by the cutting arm, and the anchor rods 190 may be disposed between the steel plate ring 180 and the inner wall of the tunnel, so as to reinforce the tunnel wall and improve the operation safety. The steel plate ring 180 may be formed by assembling a plurality of circular arc steel plates in a blocking manner, and the steel plate ring 180 is in direct contact with the tunnel wall for stabilizing the stratum and preventing the tunnel wall from collapsing during the expanding process of the tunnel boring machine 100. The steel plate ring 180 can be provided with a plurality of anchor rod 190 perforations, and the anchor rods 190 can be penetrated into the anchor rod 190 perforations and the tunnel wall to further strengthen the stratum. Specifically, the total length of the steel plate ring 180 is generally greater than or equal to the length of the tail shield of the tunnel boring machine 100, so as to ensure that the steel plate ring 180 protects the underlying construction area in place.

And S200, welding a plurality of arc-shaped cutterhead blocks on the outer side of the sub cutterhead 110 one by one so as to splice the plurality of arc-shaped cutterhead blocks on the outer side of the sub cutterhead 110 into an annular master cutterhead 120.

In the above embodiment, before the master cutterhead 120 is installed, the shielding assembly 170 disposed on the inner side of the sub-shield 130 may extend into the soil bin 500 along the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine 100, and the shielding assembly 170 may shield the earth and stone falling above the soil bin 500, so as to prevent constructors from being injured by the earth and stone falling above when installing cutterhead blocks in the soil bin 500. The shield assembly 170 may include a shield 171 and a drive cylinder 172, the shield 171 being connected to the drive end of the drive cylinder 172, the shield 171 being drivable by the drive cylinder 172 into the soil bin 500 or retracted from the soil bin 500.

In the above embodiment, the cutter blocks can be specifically installed from the position below the soil bin 500, when one cutter block is welded from the lower side of the sub cutter 110, the sub cutter 110 can be rotated by a certain angle to vacate the position for installing the next cutter block, the above process is repeated until a circle of complete cutter blocks are installed on the periphery of the sub cutter 110, all cutter blocks can be fixedly connected in a welding or threaded connection manner, and all cutter blocks are spliced together on the outer side of the sub cutter 110 to form the master cutter 120.

S300, shield blocks in the soil bin 500 transported to the tunnel boring machine 100 are mounted on the outer side of the sub-shield body 130 one by one through the mounting mechanism 150 arranged on the inner side of the master cutterhead 120, so that annular master shield bodies 140 are spliced on the outer side of the sub-shield body 130 through a plurality of shield blocks, and the plurality of master shield bodies 140 are spliced into a master shield body 140 along the axial direction of the sub-shield body 130.

Wherein, the transporting mechanism 160 can be installed on the well frame 400 inside the sub-shield body 130 for supporting the sub-shield body 130 before expanding, the transporting mechanism 160 axially extends to the front soil bin 500 along the sub-shield body 130, and the transporting mechanism 160 can transport the cutterhead blocks or the shield body blocks to the front soil bin 500, so as to facilitate the installation of the cutterhead blocks and the shield body blocks. In particular, the transport mechanism 160 may include a transport rail 161 and a transport base 162 movably disposed along the transport rail 161.

In the above embodiment, before installing the shield blocks, the installation mechanism 150 may be installed on one side of the sub-cutterhead 110 or the parent cutterhead 120, which is far away from the face, and the installation mechanism 150 is set away from the center of the cutterhead, the installation mechanism 150 may grasp the transport mechanism 160 and transport the shield blocks into the soil bin 500, and splice the shield blocks on the periphery of the sub-shield body 130 one by one under the driving of the cutterhead rotation, so as to form a shield ring, after splicing one shield ring, the heading machine may be advanced for a small distance, so that the previously spliced shield ring moves backwards relative to the heading machine, and meanwhile, a space is reserved for splicing the next shield ring, and two shield rings axially adjacent to each other of the heading machine may be fixedly connected, so that the above steps are repeated until a plurality of shield rings are spliced into the complete parent body 140 along the axial direction.

S400, fixedly connecting the main shield body 140 and the sub shield body 130 together, and installing a propulsion cylinder 200 on one side of the main shield body 140 away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine 100.

Before the main shield body 140 and the sub shield body 130 are fixed, the transporting mechanism 160 and the sub tail shield of the tunnel boring machine 100 may be removed to leave an operation space for subsequent construction, wherein the sub tail shield is located at a side of the sub shield body 130 facing away from the tunneling direction. It should be noted that the segment is installed at the inner side of the tail shield, and the tail shield mainly provides safety protection for the segment installation process.

When the main shield body 140 and the sub shield body 130 are fixed, the main shield body 140 and the sub shield body 130 can be radially connected through a pin shaft or a bolt, and the main shield body 140 and the sub shield body 130 are welded together along the same axial end of the main shield body 140. The propelling cylinders 200 on the sub-shield body 130 can be detached and then mounted on the main shield body 140, or a new propelling cylinder 200 can be mounted on the main shield body 140 again, and the propelling cylinders 200 can be supported on the side surfaces of the segments to provide advancing power for the heading machine.

Then, arc-shaped female tail shields 300 can be installed on the outer side of the removed sub-tail shield positions to form annular female tail shields 300 in a split joint mode through the plurality of female tail shields 300, and the female tail shields 300 form tail shield bodies after diameter expansion to provide protection for segment installation. In addition, the transport mechanism 160 and the mounting mechanism 150 may be removed to avoid interference with post-expansion construction.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting thereof; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The tunnel boring machine is characterized by comprising a cutter head, a shield body and a mounting mechanism;

the cutter head comprises a sub cutter head and a master cutter head, the master cutter head is arranged on the outer side of the sub cutter head in a surrounding mode, the master cutter head comprises a plurality of arc-shaped cutter head blocks, and the plurality of cutter head blocks are spliced together to form the annular master cutter head;

the sub cutterhead comprises a cutting arm which is telescopically arranged in a spoke arm bin of the sub cutterhead and is configured to extend out of the spoke arm bin when the diameter of a tunnel boring machine is enlarged so as to excavate a tunnel;

the shield body comprises a sub-shield body and a main shield body, the shield body is positioned on one side, away from the tunneling direction of the tunneling machine, of the cutterhead, the main shield body is arranged on the outer side of the sub-shield body in a surrounding mode, the main shield body comprises a plurality of arc-shaped shield body sub-blocks, the shield body sub-blocks are spliced together to form an annular main shield body sub-ring, and the main shield body sub-rings are spliced along the axial direction of the sub-shield body to form the main shield body;

the installing mechanism is arranged on one side of the master cutterhead, which is far away from the tunneling direction, and is configured to disassemble and assemble the shield blocks under the drive of the cutterhead.

2. The tunneling machine of claim 1, further comprising a transport mechanism disposed within the sub-shield body for transporting the sub-shield body in blocks into a soil bin of the tunneling machine.

3. A tunneling machine according to claim 2 further comprising a shield assembly disposed inside the sub-shield body, the shield assembly comprising a shield and a drive cylinder, the shield being connected to the drive end of the drive cylinder to drive the shield through the drive cylinder into or out of the earth bin.

4. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 3 further comprising a female tail shield located on a side of the female shield body facing away from the direction of boring.

5. A diameter changing method for a tunnel boring machine, which is applied to the tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

extending a cutting arm from a spoke arm bin of a sub-cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, and enabling the extending cutting arm to excavate a tunnel under the drive of the sub-cutterhead;

the method comprises the steps that a plurality of arc-shaped cutterheads are welded on the outer side of a sub-cutterhead one by one in a blocking mode, so that annular master cutterheads are spliced on the outer side of the sub-cutterhead through the plurality of cutterheads in a blocking mode;

the shield body blocks transported into the soil bin of the tunnel boring machine are arranged on the outer side of the sub shield body one by one through the mounting mechanism arranged on the inner side of the main cutterhead, so that a plurality of shield body blocks are spliced into annular main shield body split rings on the outer side of the sub shield body, and a plurality of main shield body split rings are spliced into main shield bodies along the axial direction of the sub shield body;

and fixedly connecting the main shield body and the sub shield body together, and installing a propulsion oil cylinder on one side of the main shield body, which is away from the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine.

6. The method of reducing a tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, wherein the extending the cutting arm from the spoke arm bin of the sub cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, and the extending cutting arm is driven by the sub cutterhead to excavate the tunnel, further comprising:

mounting a steel plate ring on the inner wall of the tunnel dug by the cutting arm;

and an anchor rod is arranged between the steel plate ring and the inner wall of the tunnel.

7. The method of reducing a tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, wherein the step of welding the plurality of arcuate cutterheads to the outside of the sub cutterhead in blocks one by one further comprises: and extending a shielding component arranged on the inner side of the sub shield body into the soil bin along the tunneling direction of the tunnel boring machine so as to shield the earth and stones falling above the soil bin through the shielding component.

8. The method for reducing a tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, wherein the fixedly connecting the main shield body and the sub shield body together, and before installing the thrust cylinder on a side of the main shield body facing away from the direction of the tunneling machine, further comprises: and removing the conveying mechanism and the sub-tail shield of the tunnel boring machine, wherein the sub-tail shield is positioned at one side of the sub-shield body, which is away from the tunneling direction.

9. The method for reducing a tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, wherein the fixedly connecting the main shield body and the sub shield body together, and after installing a thrust cylinder on a side of the main shield body facing away from the direction of the tunneling machine, further comprises: and installing arc-shaped female tail shield blocks at the outer sides of the removed sub-tail shield positions so as to splice the plurality of female tail shields into an annular female tail shield.

10. The method for reducing a tunnel boring machine according to claim 9, wherein the fixedly connecting the main shield body and the sub shield body together comprises: the main shield body and the sub shield body are radially connected through a pin shaft or a bolt, and the main shield body and the sub shield body are welded together along the same axial end of the main shield body.