CN117679625A - 具有陶瓷内套筒的血管内血泵 - Google Patents
具有陶瓷内套筒的血管内血泵 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117679625A CN117679625A CN202311644540.9A CN202311644540A CN117679625A CN 117679625 A CN117679625 A CN 117679625A CN 202311644540 A CN202311644540 A CN 202311644540A CN 117679625 A CN117679625 A CN 117679625A
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- inner sleeve
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Abstract
血管内血泵(P)包括泵送装置(1),泵送装置(1)包括叶轮(6)和用于驱动叶轮(6)的电动马达。电动马达的转子(7)布置在泵送装置(1)中的空腔(22)内,并且是围绕旋转轴线可旋转的,并且耦合至叶轮(6)从而能够致使叶轮(6)的旋转。空腔(22)被由陶瓷材料制造的内套筒(14)形成。电动马达的定子的至少一个部分,特别是线圈绕组(9),可以排列在陶瓷内套筒(14)上。
Description
本申请为申请号是2019800220093、申请日是2019年03月20日、发明名称是“具有陶瓷内套筒的血管内血泵”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于经皮插入患者的血管中,特别是被前探入患者的心脏中的血管内血泵,以及相应的制造血管内血泵的方法。
背景技术
被设计为经皮地插入患者的血管中,例如大腿的或腋窝的动脉或静脉的血管内血泵,可以被前探入患者的心脏中以作为左心室辅助设备或右心室辅助设备起作用。因此,血泵也可以被称为心内血泵。血管内血泵典型地包括导管和附接至导管的远端端部的泵送装置。导管可以容纳供应管线,例如电线和清洗管线。贯穿本公开内容,术语“远端”将是指远离使用者并且朝向心脏的方向,而术语“近端”将是指朝向使用者的方向。
泵送装置可以包括电动马达和叶轮,叶轮耦合至电动马达的用于叶轮围绕旋转轴线旋转的转子。在血泵的操作期间,叶轮将血液从血泵的血液流动入口例如经过流动套管输送至血液流动出口。泵速率取决于泵送装置的大小。具体地,被包括在泵送装置中的电动马达的效率高度地取决于有限的空间。然而,所期望的是减少泵送装置的大小,特别是其直径,这是因为向血管中插入的解剖的限制。
在已知的具有用于驱动血泵的叶轮的微型马达的血管内血泵中,例如在WO 98/44619A1中公开的血泵,电动马达的定子或至少定子零件被包封在铸造化合物中,例如聚合物材料,例如环氧树脂。根据在WO 98/44619A1中公开的制造微型马达的方法,马达的定子零件被放置在心轴上,心轴然后被插入模具空腔中。铸造化合物被注射入模具空腔中以包封定子零件并且形成泵送装置的壳体。
模塑的壳体的内部表面包围电动马达的转子布置在其中的空腔,转子典型地为磁体。转子将典型地与被借助于清洗管线供应至空腔的清洗流体例如葡萄糖溶液接触。为了避免定子零件,特别是典型地被提供并且配置为用于产生磁场,例如旋转磁场,以致使转子的旋转的线圈绕组,的腐蚀,铸造化合物形成对于清洗流体的阻挡层。然而,因为线圈绕组在注射成型期间被放置在心轴上,所以在限定空腔的壳体的内部表面上可能具有线圈绕组的暴露点。线圈绕组也可能具有相对大的制造公差,其不能够在注射成型期间被补偿。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供血管内血泵,其提供血泵的电零件相对于清洗流体的改进的密封,同时不增加血泵的直径,并且提供相应的制造这样的血管内血泵的方法。
该目的根据本发明通过具有独立权利要求的特征的血管内血泵和制造血泵的方法被实现。本发明的优选的实施方式和进一步展开在其从属权利要求中说明。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种用于经皮插入患者的血管中的血管内血泵。血泵包括泵送装置,泵送装置包括叶轮和具有定子和转子的用于驱动叶轮的电动马达。转子布置在泵送装置中的空腔内,并且是围绕旋转轴线可旋转的,并且耦合至叶轮从而能够致使叶轮的旋转。空腔被由陶瓷材料制造的内套筒形成,陶瓷材料例如氧化锆,或更优选地氧化铝增韧氧化锆(ATZ)。特别地,如上文解释的,可以是定子的一部分的线圈绕组优选地排列在内套筒上。
通过提供由陶瓷材料制造的内套筒,转子布置在其中的空腔的流体密封的包围部可以被创造。陶瓷材料对清洗流体有扩散抵抗力的。因此,定子,特别是电定子零件如线圈绕组的有效的腐蚀保护能够被实现。因为陶瓷套筒而非铸造化合物的内表面形成用于转子的空腔,所以腐蚀保护不取决于注射成型过程,而是内套筒的陶瓷材料形成抵抗清洗流体的安全阻挡层。
除了陶瓷材料的密封性质,陶瓷内套筒能够被以非常小的制造公差制造。因此,例如通过在注射成型之前将线圈绕组放置在陶瓷套筒上,线圈绕组的尺寸,特别是内径,从而外径,能够被非常精确地确定和调节。陶瓷套筒是实质上刚性的并且容易操纵,一旦线圈绕组被放置在套筒上的话,还可以改进线圈绕组的操纵。陶瓷材料允许内套筒有非常小的壁厚度,这对于不增加泵送装置的总的直径,以及对于保持在静止的线圈和旋转的磁体之间的小的空隙以确保高的马达效率和低的核心温度来说是重要的。此外,内套筒可以被制造为具有表面抛光,特别是在套筒的内表面上,以至于血液可以被泵送经过空隙,即在内套筒和转子之间的空间,而不导致高的血液破坏或凝结。这可以对于免清洗泵有意义。
在一个实施方式中,由陶瓷材料,优选地与制造内套筒相同的陶瓷材料,制造的端部件可以被提供并且以流体密封的方式附接至内套筒的轴向端部以包围空腔。陶瓷端部件可以例如通过粘合剂被附接至内套筒,或可以被与内套筒一体地形成。优选地,端部件包括可旋转地支撑转子的轴承,例如径向轴承。例如,转子或承载转子的轴可以被插入端部件中的孔中以形成径向轴承。
空腔优选地与血泵的构造为向空腔中供应入清洗流体的清洗管线流体连通。具体地,清洗管线可以连接至上文提到的端部件。更具体地,清洗管线可以连接至端部件,使得清洗流体被直接地供应至由端部件形成的轴承,并且经过轴承进入空腔中。例如,端部件可以包括中心孔和与孔对准的中心中空柱,其中清洗管线可以连接至中空柱。
定子,特别是线圈绕组和其他的易受腐蚀的电零件,优选地被内套筒以流体密封的方式相对于空腔密封。如上文解释的,陶瓷材料有效地防止清洗流体的扩散,使得定子零件被保护。
在一个实施方式中,定子,优选地线圈绕组,的电连接部可以被至少部分地形成在内套筒上,优选地形成在端部件上。陶瓷内套筒,可能还有陶瓷端部件,适合于承载电连接部,因为陶瓷材料在焊接电连接部期间耐受高温,电器连接部如连接至线圈绕组的线(通常为铜线)的铜垫。尤其是,如果线圈绕组的端子的大数目和复杂的排列是必需的,那么,将电连接部,特别是铜垫,排列在陶瓷内套筒和/或陶瓷端部件上将会是有利的。铜垫可以通过在期望的位置用铜包覆陶瓷套筒和/或陶瓷端部件被形成。
为了能够控制线圈绕组以产生磁场,特别是旋转磁场,需要线圈绕组有相对大数目的电连接部。例如,为了在多个相位如三个相位中控制线圈绕组以生成旋转磁场,在线圈绕组线的两层排列中的六个电连接部是必需的。更具体地,线圈绕组可以被分割为多个角度节段,例如每个120度的三个节段,其相继地可控以致使转子的旋转,转子可以是永磁体。那么更强力的四层排列将需要十二个电连接部。
为了实现线圈绕组的例如三个可控的节段的排列,线圈线可以在缠绕期间被以120度和240度环出并且切割以产生两个端子,以结束一个节段并且开启后续的节段。因此,在两层线圈排列中,这致使六个端子,即在开始(在0度)一个、在120度两个、在240度两个并且在结束(在360度,其与0度位置相同)一个。应理解的是,只要用于致使转子的旋转的动态磁场能够被生成,仅每个180度的两个节段,或如果需要的话多于三个节段,可以被提供。
典型的绕组型式,其中线在线圈绕组的一个纵向端部以0度开始,在180度位置被朝向相反的纵向端部引导,并且返回至开始点以完成一个循环,产生偶数的绕组层。为了保持线圈绕组的外径尽可能小,后续的层可以垂直于线圈线的纵向方向偏移线圈线直径的一半,从而将后续的层嵌套在底层的线之间。
提供线圈绕组的层的精确的排列,特别是没有交叉或缝隙,在一方面对于电动马达的效率是重要的,在另一方面对于将外径保持在窄的制造公差内是重要的。特别地,线圈绕组的线节段应该被沿着它们的长度并排地精确地放置,而没有交叉形式的缺陷。并排地精确地放置线还可以改进线圈绕组的结构稳定性,因为精确的排列允许借助于它们的作为最外层的绝缘覆层合适地将线节段固定至毗邻的线节段,绝缘覆层可以包含热固性漆,例如烘干漆。提供陶瓷内套筒作为用于线圈绕组的支撑部,可以帮助提供线圈绕组的线的改进的并且精确的排列,特别是关于上文提到的方面。
如上文概述的,内套筒可以具有小的壁厚度。更具体地,内套筒可以具有约20μm至约100μm、优选地约40μm至约60μm、更优选地约50μm的壁厚度。内套筒可以具有管状的形状。优选地,内套筒是实质上圆柱形的。内套筒的内径优选地略微地大于转子的外径以形成小的缝隙,例如约50μm。如上文提到的,关于优化磁通量以优化电动马达的效率,小的缝隙是优选的。在该点,应理解的是,陶瓷材料的另一个优点是其不影响电动马达的磁通量。内套筒可以具有约5mm至约20mm、优选地约8mm至约15mm的长度。
血管内血泵还可以包括可以形成泵送装置的外表面的至少一个部分的外套筒。定子的至少一个部分然后可以被布置在外套筒和内套筒之间的中间空间中。外套筒可以包含导磁材料,例如金属或金属合金,以形成电动马达的磁轭(背铁)。定子,或至少定子零件,优选地至少线圈绕组,可以借助于铸造化合物被固定在内套筒外,特别是固定在内套筒和外套筒之间的中间空间中,铸造化合物如聚合物材料,例如环氧树脂。
在制造血管内血泵,特别是如上文描述的血管内血泵,的方法中,提供由陶瓷材料制造的内套筒以形成用于接收转子的空腔,并且线圈绕组排列在内套筒上。陶瓷套筒由此形成对于线圈绕组的支撑部,其可以被容易地操纵,如上文描述的。此外,如也在上文解释的,陶瓷内套筒具有非常小的制造公差,这允许线圈绕组的非常精确的校准。线圈绕组可以被预缠绕,然后放置在陶瓷套筒上,由此线圈绕组能够被调整到陶瓷套筒的尺寸。可选择地,线圈绕组可以被直接地缠绕至陶瓷套筒上。在任何情况下,线圈绕组被陶瓷套筒正确地定中心。
如上文提到的,陶瓷内套筒可以连接至陶瓷端部件,陶瓷端部件可以包括轴承。因此,该方法还可以包括将由陶瓷材料制造的端部件以流体密封的方式附接至内套筒的轴向端部以包围空腔。端部件可以通过胶粘或其他的粘合方法被附接至内套筒。这可以在将线圈绕组放置在内套筒上之前,并且可能在将铸造化合物围绕内套筒注射成型之前被执行。
该方法还可以包括将铸造化合物围绕内套筒注射成型,以包封至少排列在内套筒上的线圈绕组。如果泵送装置包括如上文提到的外套筒,那么注射成型可以特别地通过将铸造化合物注射入外套筒中被执行,更具体地注射入内套筒和外套筒之间形成的中间空间。然而,应理解的是,陶瓷内套筒可以独立于外套筒被提供,并且定子零件可以通过任何其他的注射成型技术被包封,例如通过将铸造化合物注射入模具中,如例如在WO 98/44619A1中描述的。
在注射成型过程期间使用作为模具的外套筒制造血泵的方法中,陶瓷内套筒和另外的定子部件,例如线圈绕组,可以被放置在模塑基座上,其可以被作为心轴形成。然后,外套筒,可以被认为是定子部件的最外层,可以被放置在模塑基座上,从而放置在内套筒和其它的定子部件上,以由此形成血泵的外表面的至少一个部分,并且形成在内套筒和外套筒之间的定子部件布置在其中的中间空间。然后,铸造化合物,例如聚合物材料,特别是树脂,例如环氧树脂,可以被经由模塑基座注射入所述中间空间中以将定子部件固定在外套筒内。模塑基座可以是一次性件,例如通过注射成型由塑料制造。
这可以是特别地有利的,如果外套筒包含导磁材料以形成电动马达的磁轭(背铁)的话。特别是,外套筒可以包含或可以由金属或金属合金制造,例如铁素体合金,例如FeCrAl合金。外表面可以被相应的氧化物覆盖。应理解的是,外套筒可以包含任何合适的生物相容性的导磁材料。金属材料具有另外的优点,即与塑料材料相比,增加了散热。
附图说明
上文的发明内容和下文的优选实施方式的具体描述将在结合附图阅读时被更好地理解。为了说明本公开内容的目的,参考了附图。然而,本公开内容的范围不限于在附图中公开的具体的实施方式。在附图中:
图1示意性地示出了被插入患者的心脏中的血管内血泵。
图2示出了经过血管内血泵的截面。
图3示出了陶瓷内套筒的立体图。
图4示出了陶瓷近端轴承的立体图。
具体实施方式
图1图示了被插入患者的心脏H中的血管内血泵P。更具体地,血泵P包括附接至导管5的泵送装置1,借助于导管5泵送装置1被插入患者的心脏H的左心室LV中,以将血液从左心室LV泵送入主动脉AO中。示出的应用仅是示例性的应用,并且本发明的血泵P不限于此应用。例如,对于右心室RV的反向应用可以被设想。血泵P被经皮地插入,例如经过大腿的路径或腋窝的路径,并且被经过主动脉AO前探入心脏H中。血泵P被放置为使得血液流动出口2被布置在患者的心脏H之外、在主动脉AO之内,而与流动套管4流动连通的血液流动入口3被布置在左心室LV之内。叶轮被设置在泵送装置1中以致使从血液流动入口3至血液流动出口2的血液流动,并且叶轮的旋转由布置在泵送装置1中的电动马达致使,如将在下文更详细地解释的。
图2示出了沿着中心纵向轴线L经过泵送装置1的截面图,中心纵向轴线L与转子7和叶轮6的旋转轴线重合。更具体地,转子7和叶轮6布置在沿着旋转轴线延伸的共用的轴8上。电动马达的转子7被作为永磁体形成并且被布置在泵壳体的空腔22内。为了致使转子7的旋转,作为电动马达的定子的一部分的线圈绕组9围绕转子7,并且是可控制的从而致使转子7的旋转。叶轮6经由轴8耦合至转子7,使得转子7的旋转致使叶轮6的旋转,以由此将血液抽拉入血液流动入口3中并且经过流动套管4从血液流动出口2抽出,如图2中的箭头所指示的。
轴8被远端轴承12和近端轴承11可旋转地支撑,其二者都可以被作为径向轴承形成,如在图2中示出的。轴承11、12和轴8可以由陶瓷材料形成。然而,其他的类型的轴承,例如滚珠轴承,可以被用于可旋转地支撑轴8。轴承可以是轴向轴承或径向轴承或组合的轴向和径向轴承。清洗流体被借助于清洗管线15供应经过轴承11、12和转子7位于其中的空腔22。清洗管线15延伸经过导管5,并且以流体密封的方式连接至近端轴承11。以这种方式,清洗流体不会接触到泵送装置1的电部件,而是仅流动经过近端轴承11,进入空腔22中,并且流动经过远端轴承12。
为了提供安全阻挡层以保护电部件,特别是线圈绕组9,不受清洗流体所导致的腐蚀和短路,用于转子7的空腔22可以由内套筒14形成,内套筒14由陶瓷材料制造。陶瓷内套筒14被以流体密封的方式附接至近端轴承11,并且对清洗流体的扩散有抵抗力的。陶瓷内套筒14还被良好地限定有平滑的内表面,使得在血泵的另一个构造中,一些血液能够代替清洗流体被允许进入泵,而没有凝结或血液破坏。另外的腐蚀保护被铸造化合物18建立,其固定泵送装置1的定子部件,并且填充内套筒14和外套筒13之间的中间空间19。特别是,线圈绕组9被包封在铸造化合物18中。铸造化合物18还为电连接部16(即PCB)的与马达电缆10以及清洗管线15提供另外的固定。铸造化合物18可以是聚合物材料,例如树脂,优选地二组分环氧树脂,并且更优选地具有导热和电绝缘填料的二组分环氧树脂。
外套筒13界定泵送装置1的外表面和外尺寸。因此,泵送装置1的壳体由外套筒13形成,其包围上文提到的部件,特别是由铸造化合物18固定的定子部件。应理解的是,外套筒13也形成磁活性的定子部件。外套筒13由生物相容性的导磁材料制造,例如适合的金属合金,并且作为用于电动马达的磁通量的磁轭起作用。金属外套筒13也允许电动马达的操作所导致的热量的良好的消散。外套筒13的外表面可以包括用于接收带有传感器20的管线的凹槽21。套节17被附接至外套筒13的远端端部,并且形成用于流动套管4的附接区域。套节17优选地由与外套筒13相同的材料制造,并且容纳远端轴承12和叶轮6。血液流动出口2在套节17中形成,使得远离远端轴承12的热传递是可能的。
外套筒13可以具有约7mm至约30mm、优选地约10mm至约20mm、更优选地约10mm至约15mm的长度。外套筒13可以具有18F(French)或更小的外尺寸(6mm或更小的外径)。尽管尺寸小,但高至5.5升每分钟的泵速率可以被实现。
图3图示了在上文提到的血管内血泵P中包括的包围用于转子7的空腔22的陶瓷内套筒14。套筒14具有圆柱形的形状和约20μm至约100μm、优选地约50μm的壁厚度。陶瓷材料可以是氧化铝增韧氧化锆(ATZ)。用于线圈绕组9的电连接部,具体地用于焊接电连接部的铜垫23,可以直接地设置在陶瓷套筒14上,例如通过用铜包覆套筒14上的相应的位置。陶瓷材料在焊接期间耐受高温,因此适合于形成用于铜垫23(即PCB)的支撑部。套筒14可以承载被圆周地并且规律地布置在套筒14的表面上的三个铜垫23。
为了能够相继地控制线圈绕组9以生成旋转磁场,如果线圈绕组被采用为双层排列的话,那么线圈绕组9有至少六个端子。在线圈绕组的四层排列中,十二个端子必须被连接。因此,另外的电连接部24、25可以设置在陶瓷端部件11上,陶瓷端部件11包括近端轴承,如在图4中示出的。端部件11可以由与内套筒14相同的陶瓷材料制造,并且可以被粘合剂附接至内套筒14。端部件11的中心孔被控制大小和形状以可旋转地接收转子7的轴8。从端部件11突出的与中心孔对准的中心中空杆26被作为清洗管线15的附接区域提供。以这种方式,清洗流体被直接地供入至轴承,并且进一步地供入内套筒14的内部中。
在制造血管内血泵的方法中,端部件11可以被附接至内套筒14以形成用于转子7的流体密封的包围部。可以被预缠绕的线圈绕组9可以被放置在内套筒14上,这允许线圈绕组9的尺寸的精确的调整。因此,陶瓷内套筒14不但提供对于清洗流体的密封的阻挡层和电绝缘部,而且通过优化线圈绕组9的排列帮助改进电动马达的效率。线圈绕组9的端子被焊接至铜垫23、24、25,并且安装在内套筒14上的线圈绕组9被进一步地处理,例如在注射成型过程中被包封在铸造化合物18中。
在另一个方法中,线圈绕组9可以被直接地缠绕在内套筒14上,并且线圈绕组9与铜垫23以及如果可适用的话铜垫24、25的互相连接可以在缠绕过程期间被自动地进行。因此,线圈绕组9的端子线的二次焊接步骤和特定分类(例如通过端子线的长度或颜色)能够被避免。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于经皮插入患者的血管中的血管内血泵(P),包括泵送装置(1),所述泵送装置(1)包括叶轮(6)和用于驱动所述叶轮(6)的电动马达,所述电动马达包括定子和转子(7),所述转子(7)布置在所述泵送装置(1)中的空腔(22)内并且是围绕旋转轴线可旋转的,并且耦合至所述叶轮(6)从而能够致使所述叶轮(6)的旋转,其中所述空腔(22)被由陶瓷材料制造的内套筒(14)形成,并且所述定子被所述内套筒(14)以流体密封的方式相对于所述空腔(22)密封。
2.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中所述定子包括线圈绕组(9),所述线圈绕组(9)排列在所述内套筒(14)上并且配置为用于产生磁场,优选地旋转磁场,以致使所述转子(7)的旋转。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的血泵,还包括端部件(11),所述端部件(11)由陶瓷材料制造并且以流体密封的方式附接至所述内套筒(14)的轴向端部以包围所述空腔(22)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的血泵,其中所述端部件(11)包括可旋转地支撑所述转子(7)的轴承,其中所述轴承优选地是径向轴承。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的血泵,其中所述空腔(22)与所述血泵的构造为向所述空腔(22)中供应清洗流体的清洗管线(15)流体连通。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的血泵,其中所述定子,优选地所述线圈绕组(9),的电连接部(23、24、25)被至少部分地形成在所述内套筒(14)上。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的血泵,其中所述内套筒(14)具有约40μm至约60μm,优选地约50μm的壁厚度。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的血泵,其中所述内套筒(14)是实质上圆柱形的。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的血泵,其中所述定子,优选地至少所述线圈绕组(9),借助于铸造化合物(18)被固定在所述内套筒(14)外,其中所述铸造化合物(18)优选地包含聚合物材料,优选地树脂,更优选地环氧树脂。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的血泵,还包括形成所述泵送装置(1)的外表面的至少一个部分的外套筒(13),其中所述定子的至少一个部分布置在所述外套筒(13)和所述内套筒(14)之间的中间空间(19)中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的血泵,其中所述外套筒(13)包含导磁材料以形成所述电动马达的磁轭,其中所述外套筒(13)优选地包含金属或金属合金。
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EP18163761.2A EP3542836A1 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | Intravascular blood pump with ceramic inner sleeve |
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PCT/EP2019/057011 WO2019180104A1 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-20 | Intravascular blood pump with ceramic inner sleeve |
CN201980022009.3A CN111971080B (zh) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-20 | 具有陶瓷内套筒的血管内血泵 |
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