CN117672556A - Buffer solution, method and system for coping with nuclear accidents - Google Patents
Buffer solution, method and system for coping with nuclear accidents Download PDFInfo
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- CN117672556A CN117672556A CN202311622994.6A CN202311622994A CN117672556A CN 117672556 A CN117672556 A CN 117672556A CN 202311622994 A CN202311622994 A CN 202311622994A CN 117672556 A CN117672556 A CN 117672556A
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- Prior art keywords
- buffer solution
- boric acid
- borax
- nuclear
- coping
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- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a buffer solution, a method and a system for coping with nuclear accidents, wherein the buffer solution is formed by mixing borax, boric acid and water, wherein the consumption of the borax is 5.82-11.44 g and the consumption of the boric acid is 2.47-22.57 g in each 1.0L of buffer solution; the method comprises the following steps: borax is arranged in the containment in advance, boric acid is dissolved in water to obtain boric acid solution, after nuclear accident occurs, the boric acid solution is injected into the containment and is mixed with the borax which is arranged in advance to form buffer solution, and emergency shutdown is realized; the system comprises a containment vessel, a medicine box and a special safety facility, wherein the special safety facility is connected with the containment vessel, the medicine box is arranged on the inner wall of a pit, and a medicine basket filled with borax is placed in the medicine box. The invention can increase the shutdown depth of the reactor after an accident, improve the safety of the reactor core, reduce the risk of sudden critical, adjust the alkali environment in the containment after the accident, reduce the radioactivity level, and avoid corroding equipment compared with the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear safety protection, and particularly relates to a buffer solution, a method and a system for coping with nuclear accidents.
Background
When LOCA accident occurs in the nuclear power station, the mass energy of the reactor core is released into the containment rapidly, so that the temperature and pressure in the containment are raised rapidly, and the radioactivity level in the containment is raised rapidly. In order to prevent the supercritical reactor core and the overtemperature and overpressure of the containment, the reactor core must be shut down in emergency, the reactor core reactivity is reduced, the heat in the containment is rapidly led out, and the radioactivity level in the containment is reduced.
For this purpose, the nuclear power plant is provided with corresponding special safety facilities, such as a containment injection system, a containment spraying system, a containment heat export system and the like. After LOCA accident, a large amount of boron-containing water is directly injected into a loop reactor core, spraying facilities in a containment are started, and the PH value of solution in the containment is regulated by adding medicines, so that the rapid and safe shutdown of the nuclear power station after the accident is ensured, and the accident risk is reduced.
Currently, only strong alkali materials such as sodium hydroxide are added for the above operations in nuclear power plants. The sodium hydroxide solution has strong alkalinity, and the solution in the containment after mixing in the initial stage has strong alkalinity and has serious corrosion to equipment. Although this approach may reduce the risk of the nuclear power plant to some extent after an accident, it also presents a number of inconveniences for subsequent operations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a buffer solution, a buffer method and a buffer system for coping with nuclear accidents, which can increase the shutdown depth of a reactor after the accidents, improve the safety of a reactor core, reduce the risk of sudden critical, adjust the alkali environment in a containment after the accidents, reduce the radioactivity level, and avoid corrosion to equipment compared with the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a buffer solution for coping with nuclear accidents, which is formed by mixing borax, boric acid and water; in each 1.0L buffer solution, the borax is 5.82-11.44 g, and the boric acid is 2.47-22.57 g.
Preferably, the pH of the buffer solution is 8.9, wherein B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.1mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.06mol/L.
Preferably, the pH of the buffer solution is 7.1 to 8.9, wherein B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.1 to 0.4mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) is 0.03-0.06 mol/L.
Preferably, the pH of the buffer solution is 7.1, wherein B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.4mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.03mol/L.
Preferably, the pH of the buffer solution is 8.1, B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.2mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.04mol/L.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of coping with a nuclear accident, comprising:
borax is arranged in the containment vessel in advance;
boric acid is dissolved in water to obtain boric acid solution, after nuclear accident occurs, the boric acid solution is injected into the containment, and is mixed with borax which is arranged in advance to form the buffer solution, and emergency shutdown is realized by using the buffer solution.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a system for handling nuclear accidents comprising a containment vessel, a pharmaceutical pig and an specialised safety facility, wherein:
the special safety facility is connected with the containment vessel and is used for injecting boric acid solution into the pit in the containment vessel when an accident occurs;
the medicine box is arranged on the inner wall of the pit, a medicine basket filled with borax is placed in the medicine box, when the liquid level of boric acid solution injected into the pit reaches a certain height, the borax is dissolved in the boric acid solution to form the buffer solution, and emergency shutdown is realized by using the buffer solution.
Preferably, the number of the medicine boxes is a plurality, and the medicine boxes are uniformly distributed.
Preferably, the number of medicine baskets in each medicine tank is plural.
Preferably, the medicine basket is of a hollowed-out structure.
The beneficial effects are that:
according to the buffer solution, the method and the system for coping with nuclear accidents, the borax is added into the buffer solution, so that a new boron source can be provided for the adjustment of the reactor core reactivity after the accidents, the boron content is greatly increased, the shutdown depth of a reactor after the accidents is increased, the safety of the reactor core is improved, the risk of sudden critical is reduced, meanwhile, the pH value of the buffer solution can be easily adjusted, the alkali environment is in a containment after the accidents, the radioactivity level is reduced, and compared with the prior art, corrosion to equipment can be avoided, and the harm is small. In addition, borax is easy to obtain and low in price. The invention can provide another thought for the related system design of the follow-up nuclear power plant.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for handling nuclear accidents according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-pit; 2-medicine basket; 3-a medicine box; 4-containment.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, the terms "upper" and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must be provided with a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The invention discloses a buffer solution for coping with nuclear accidents, which is prepared by mixing borax, boric acid and water; in each 1.0L buffer solution, the borax is 5.82-11.44 g, and the boric acid is 2.47-22.57 g.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a method for coping with nuclear accidents, which comprises the following steps:
borax is arranged in the containment vessel in advance;
boric acid is dissolved in water to obtain boric acid solution, after nuclear accident occurs, the boric acid solution is injected into the containment, and is mixed with borax which is arranged in advance to form the buffer solution, and emergency shutdown is realized by using the buffer solution.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a system for coping with nuclear accidents, which comprises a containment vessel, a medicine box and a special safety facility, wherein:
the special safety facility is connected with the containment vessel and is used for injecting boric acid solution into the pit in the containment vessel when an accident occurs;
the chemical tank is arranged on the inner wall of the pit, a chemical basket filled with borax is placed in the chemical tank, the chemical basket is of a hollow structure, when the liquid level of boric acid solution injected into the pit reaches a certain height, the borax is dissolved in the boric acid solution to form the buffer solution according to any one of claims 1-3, and emergency shutdown is realized by using the buffer solution.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a buffer solution for dealing with nuclear accidents, which is formed by mixing borax, boric acid and water; in each 1.0L buffer solution, the borax is 5.82-11.44 g, and the boric acid is 2.47-22.57 g.
Specifically, boron is a good neutron absorber, the thermal neutron absorption sectional area of the boron is large, the boron can be used for controlling reactor core reactivity, weakening the intensity of a chain reaction, accelerating the shutdown speed of the nuclear reaction, a combined regulation mode of control rod-boron concentration is widely adopted in a nuclear power plant (especially a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant), the boron is used as a necessary means for the reactor core reactivity regulation, a special safety facility is arranged in the nuclear power plant, a large amount of boric acid solution is stored, and when the reactor is shutdown and refueling, the boric acid solution is connected into a loop to ensure that the reactor has enough shutdown depth, so that the safety of the nuclear power plant is ensured.
Boric acid is soluble in water and is mixed with water to prepare boric acid solution which is weak acid. Borax has a chemical formula of Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O, molecular weight 381.43, is easily soluble in water, and the solubility of borax increases with increasing temperature. After nuclear accident (such as LOCA accident) occurs, the temperature in the containment can be rapidly increased, under the environment, borax can be rapidly dissolved into the injected boric acid solution after contacting with the boric acid solution to form buffer solution, and the application of borax can beThe regulation of post-accident reactor core reactivity provides new boron sources again, greatly increases the content of boron (about 20% increase) to increase the shutdown depth of post-accident reactor, improve the security of reactor core, reduce the risk of sudden criticality, simultaneously, can also easily adjust the pH value of buffer solution, make the containment be alkaline environment after the accident, reduce the radioactivity level, and, in addition, compared with the prior art, can avoid causing the corruption to equipment, harm is little. In addition, borax is easy to obtain and low in price.
The amount of borax required for adjusting the pH value is calculated according to the concentration of boric acid in the aqueous solution after the nuclear accident, and then the corresponding borax amount is added to ensure the pH value of the solution in the containment after the accident.
In some embodiments, the buffer solution has a pH of 7.1 to 8.9, wherein B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.1 to 0.4mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) is 0.03-0.06 mol/L.
In some more specific embodiments, the pH of the buffer solution is preferably 8.9. At this time, the concentration of boric acid is 0.07mol/L, the concentration of borax is 0.03mol/L, and B (OH) in the buffer solution is obtained after thorough mixing 3 The concentration of (B) is 0.1mol/L, B (OH) 4 The concentration is 0.06mol/L. The preparation method of the buffer solution comprises the following steps: 11.44g of borax and 2.47g of boric acid are taken, distilled water is added for dissolution, and the final volume is 1.0L, thus preparing the borax-boric acid buffer solution with pH=8.9.
In some more specific embodiments, the pH of the buffer solution is preferably 8.1. At this time, the concentration of boric acid is 0.16mol/L, the concentration of borax is 0.02mol/L, and B (OH) in the buffer solution is obtained after thorough mixing 3 The concentration of (B) is 0.2mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.04mol/L. The preparation method of the buffer solution comprises the following steps: 7.62g of borax and 9.89g of boric acid are taken, distilled water is added for dissolution, the final volume is 1.0L, and the borax-boric acid buffer solution with pH=8.1 can be prepared.
In some more specific embodiments, the pH of the buffer solution is preferably 7.1. At this time, the concentration of boric acid is 0.385mol/L, the concentration of borax is 0.015mol/L, and B (OH) in the buffer solution is obtained after thorough mixing 3 Is of (1)Degree of 0.4mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.03mol/L. The preparation method of the buffer solution comprises the following steps: 5.72g of borax and 22.57g of boric acid are taken, distilled water is added for dissolution, and the final volume is 1.0L, thus preparing the borax-boric acid buffer solution with pH=7.1.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a method for coping with nuclear accidents, which comprises the following steps:
borax is arranged in the containment vessel in advance;
boric acid is dissolved in water to obtain boric acid solution, after nuclear accidents (such as LOCA accidents) occur, the boric acid solution is injected into a pit of a containment through special safety facilities arranged in a nuclear power plant, the liquid level of the boric acid solution rises to a certain height and is mixed with pre-arranged borax to form a buffer solution, the reactor core reactivity is controlled by utilizing boron in the buffer solution, the intensity of a chain reaction is weakened, the shutdown speed of the nuclear reaction is accelerated, and emergency shutdown is realized.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: and circulating the buffer solution in the containment vessel by using a special safety facility so as to reduce the temperature and pressure in the containment vessel.
In some embodiments, borax is preferably disposed on the path of solution circulation within the accident enclosure.
According to the method for coping with nuclear accidents, due to the application of borax, a new boron source can be provided for the adjustment of the reactor core reactivity after an accident, the boron content is greatly increased, the shutdown depth of the reactor after the accident is increased, the safety of the reactor core is improved, the risk of sudden critical is reduced, meanwhile, the pH value of a buffer solution can be easily adjusted, the alkali environment is arranged in a containment after the accident, the radioactivity level is reduced, and compared with the prior art, corrosion to equipment can be avoided, and the harm is small. In addition, borax is easy to obtain and low in price.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment discloses a system for coping with nuclear accident, which is used in the method described in embodiment 2, and includes a containment vessel 4, a medicine box 2, and an ad hoc safety facility, wherein:
the special safety facility is connected with the containment 4 and comprises a containment injection system, a containment spraying system, a containment heat export system and the like, wherein the containment injection system is used for injecting a large amount of boric acid solution into the pit 1 in the containment 4 when an accident happens so as to control reactor core reactivity and realize emergency shutdown, and the special safety facility also comprises a containment spraying system, a containment heat export system and the like and can be used for circulating the solution in the containment to reduce the temperature and the pressure in the containment;
the medicine box 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the pit 1, the medicine basket 2 filled with borax is placed in the medicine box 3, when the liquid level of boric acid solution injected into the pit 1 reaches a certain height, the boric acid solution floods the medicine basket 2, and the borax is dissolved in the boric acid solution to form a buffer solution as described in the embodiment 1, so that the reactivity of a reactor core is controlled by using boron in the buffer solution, the intensity of a chain reaction is weakened, the shutdown speed of the nuclear reaction is accelerated, and meanwhile, the buffer solution can adjust the pH value of the solution in a rear case of an accident, so that the safety case of the accident is in an alkaline environment, and the radioactivity level is reduced.
In some embodiments, the number of drug tanks 3 is preferably plural, the plurality of drug tanks being evenly distributed and the composition of the buffer solution being more uniform throughout.
In some embodiments, the number of medicine baskets 2 within each medicine tank 3 is preferably plural. The medicine basket 2 is of a hollow structure, so that boric acid solution and borax can be conveniently contacted rapidly.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention, but not in limitation thereof. Various modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A buffer solution for coping with nuclear accidents is characterized by being prepared by mixing borax, boric acid and water;
in each 1.0L buffer solution, the borax is 5.82-11.44 g, and the boric acid is 2.47-22.57 g.
2. The buffer solution for coping with nuclear accident according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the buffer solution is 7.1-8.9, wherein B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.1 to 0.4mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) is 0.03-0.06 mol/L.
3. The buffer solution for the treatment of nuclear accidents according to claim 2, characterized in that at a pH value of 8.9, wherein B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.1mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.06mol/L.
4. The buffer solution for coping with nuclear accident according to claim 2, wherein at pH 8.1, B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.2mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.04mol/L.
5. The buffer solution for coping with nuclear accident according to claim 2, wherein at pH 7.1, wherein B (OH) 3 The concentration is 0.4mol/L, B (OH) 4 - The concentration of (C) was 0.03mol/L.
6. A method of handling nuclear accidents comprising:
borax is arranged in the containment vessel in advance;
boric acid is dissolved in water to obtain boric acid solution, after nuclear accident occurs, the boric acid solution is injected into a containment vessel and is mixed with pre-arranged borax to form the buffer solution according to any one of claims 1-5, and emergency shutdown is realized by using the buffer solution.
7. A system for coping with nuclear accidents is characterized by comprising a containment vessel (4), a medicine box (3) and special safety facilities,
the special safety facility is connected with the containment vessel and is used for injecting boric acid solution into the pit in the containment vessel when an accident occurs;
the chemical tank is arranged on the inner wall of the pit (1), a chemical basket (2) filled with borax is placed in the chemical tank, when the liquid level of boric acid solution injected into the pit reaches a certain height, the borax is dissolved in the boric acid solution to form the buffer solution according to any one of claims 1-5, and emergency shutdown is realized by using the buffer solution.
8. The system for coping with nuclear accident according to claim 7, wherein the number of the medicine boxes is plural, and the plural medicine boxes are uniformly distributed.
9. The system for coping with nuclear accidents according to claim 7, wherein the number of medicine baskets in each medicine tank is plural.
10. The system for coping with nuclear accidents according to claim 7, wherein said medicine basket is of hollowed-out structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311622994.6A CN117672556A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Buffer solution, method and system for coping with nuclear accidents |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311622994.6A CN117672556A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Buffer solution, method and system for coping with nuclear accidents |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117672556A true CN117672556A (en) | 2024-03-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311622994.6A Pending CN117672556A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Buffer solution, method and system for coping with nuclear accidents |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117672556A (en) |
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- 2023-11-30 CN CN202311622994.6A patent/CN117672556A/en active Pending
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