CN117662416A - Multistage compressed air energy storage system and power station - Google Patents

Multistage compressed air energy storage system and power station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117662416A
CN117662416A CN202311356045.8A CN202311356045A CN117662416A CN 117662416 A CN117662416 A CN 117662416A CN 202311356045 A CN202311356045 A CN 202311356045A CN 117662416 A CN117662416 A CN 117662416A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pipeline
energy storage
compressor
compressed air
storage system
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Pending
Application number
CN202311356045.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑志美
雷肖
蔺新星
谢宁宁
钟声远
丁若晨
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China Three Gorges Corp
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China Three Gorges Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to CN202311356045.8A priority Critical patent/CN117662416A/en
Publication of CN117662416A publication Critical patent/CN117662416A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and discloses a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system and a power station, wherein the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system comprises: a plurality of energy storage devices and a plurality of energy release devices; each energy storage device comprises: the compressor and the gas storage structure are connected with an input power supply; the gas storage structure is communicated with the compressor through a first pipeline; the compressors are sequentially connected in series through a second pipeline; the plurality of gas storage structures are sequentially connected in series through a third pipeline; each energy release device comprises: the expansion machine is communicated with the gas storage structure through a fourth pipeline; the expander is connected with the generator and drives the generator to generate electricity; the plurality of expansion machines are connected in series through a fifth pipeline in sequence. According to the invention, each compressor is respectively connected with the gas storage structure, and the plurality of compressors, the gas storage structure and the expansion machine are respectively connected in series in turn, so that different compressor combinations can be quickly switched, and the energy storage efficiency and the variable working condition adjustment capability of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system are improved.

Description

Multistage compressed air energy storage system and power station
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, in particular to a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system and a power station.
Background
The compressed air energy storage is a physical energy storage technology which can be applied on a large scale, and refers to an energy storage mode that electric energy is used for compressing air by a compressor in a low-load period of a power grid, and the compressed air is released in a peak period of the power grid to push an expander to apply work and generate power. Has positive promotion effect on high-proportion access and digestion of large-scale centralized power stations.
Under different working scenes, the power loads input in the low valley period of the power grid load are different, so that the power capable of supplying compressed air to the compressor is also different, and the compressed air energy storage system cannot be used under the working scenes of different input power sources. At present, part of compressed air energy storage systems adopt a hierarchical compression mode, and a high-pressure air storage chamber and a low-pressure air storage chamber are correspondingly arranged. And according to the load intensity of the input power supply, compressors with different combinations are selected to be used, such as single operation of a low-voltage set, single operation of a high-voltage set or operation of all sets, and the like, so that the input power supply with different intensity loads is adapted to, and the application range of the compressed air energy storage system is improved.
The disadvantage of this structure is that: under the application scene of renewable energy power stations such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, the load of an input power supply of the renewable energy power station is influenced by factors such as wind power non-uniformity or light non-uniformity, the load of the input power supply has larger fluctuation, and the existing compressed air energy storage system has slower speed of switching compressors with different combinations, so that the using effect of the existing compressed air energy storage system is poorer.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system and a power station, which are used for solving the problems that the existing compressed air energy storage system cannot quickly switch compressor combinations and has poor use effect.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system comprising: a plurality of energy storage devices and a plurality of energy release devices; each energy storage device comprises: the compressor is suitable for being connected with an input power supply and driven by the input power supply; the gas storage structure is communicated with the compressor through a first pipeline; a first switch valve is arranged on the first pipeline; the compressors are sequentially connected in series through a second pipeline, and a second switch valve is arranged on the second pipeline; the plurality of gas storage structures are sequentially connected in series through a third pipeline, and a third switch valve is arranged on the third pipeline; each energy release device comprises: the expansion machine is communicated with the gas storage structure through a fourth pipeline; a fourth switch valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline; the expander is suitable for being connected with the generator and driving the generator to generate electricity; the plurality of expansion machines are connected in series through a fifth pipeline in sequence, and the fifth pipeline is provided with a fifth switch valve.
The beneficial effects are that: each compressor is respectively connected with a gas storage structure and an expansion machine, each energy storage device can be independently used with a corresponding energy release device to form a plurality of independent compressed air energy storage structures, the independent compressed air energy storage structures are not mutually influenced, the use is stable, and the applicable working condition range is wider. According to the specific application working condition scene, different compressor combinations can be selected, and the flexibility is good, so that the supply and demand balance among a user side, a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system and a power grid where the generator is located can be met. The compressors, the expanders and the gas storage structures are sequentially connected in series to form multistage hierarchical regulation and control, the energy storage devices and the energy release devices are connected with each other, different compressor combinations can be switched rapidly through the valves of the pipelines, the use condition that an input power supply has more frequency fluctuation is met, and therefore the energy storage efficiency of the multistage compressed air energy storage system is improved. Compared with the traditional grading compressed air energy storage system which is easy to be limited by the operation condition scene adjustment, the embodiment of the invention can also stabilize the negative influence of the fluctuation of the input power supply, has less damage to each component of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system, and is safer to use, namely has better variable condition adjustment capability.
In an alternative embodiment, the air pressures in the plurality of compressors are sequentially increased in the serial connection order, and the air pressures in the plurality of air storage structures are sequentially increased corresponding to the serial connection order of the plurality of compressors, respectively.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, a plurality of stages of energy storage and energy release are formed by arranging a plurality of compressors with different air pressures and an air storage structure, so that the corresponding combination of one or more energy storage devices and energy release devices can be selected according to the strength of an actual input power supply, and the energy storage efficiency of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the expander is in communication with an adjacent further low pressure gas storage structure via a sixth conduit provided with a sixth switching valve.
The beneficial effects are that: when the load of the input power supply is small and the gas storage in the gas storage structure is insufficient, the sixth switch valve can be started, and the secondary high-pressure gas generated by the expander is transported to the adjacent gas storage structure with low pressure through the sixth pipeline, so that the gas storage in the gas storage structure is supplemented, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the energy consumption is saved.
In an alternative embodiment, the fourth pipeline is communicated with the third pipeline, and a communication position of the fourth pipeline and the third pipeline is located between the third switch valve and the gas storage structure.
The beneficial effects are that: the fourth pipeline is communicated with the third pipeline, and the communication part of the fourth pipeline and the third pipeline is positioned between the third switch valve and the gas storage structure, so that the pipeline connection can be simplified, and the use cost is reduced.
In an alternative embodiment, the first conduit communicates with the second conduit; the first pipeline is also provided with a first one-way valve, and the first one-way valve is positioned between the first heat exchange part and the joint of the first pipeline and the second pipeline.
The beneficial effects are that: the first pipeline is communicated with the second pipeline, so that the pipeline connection can be further simplified, and the use cost is reduced. The first one-way valve can effectively prevent the gas from flowing back to the compressor from the first pipeline.
In an alternative embodiment, the first switching valve and the fourth switching valve are both two-way valves.
The beneficial effects are that: the first switch valve is a two-way valve, and gas of the gas storage structure can enter the next compressor with higher air pressure through the first pipeline and the second pipeline, so that the switching speed of different combinations of the compressors can be improved. Similarly, the fourth switch valve is a two-way valve, and the gas of the expander can enter the gas storage structure with lower pressure through the fourth pipeline, so that the switching speed of different combinations of the compressors is improved, and the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the energy storage devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the energy release devices, each energy storage device and the corresponding energy release device can independently operate, and at least one compressor is driven based on the intensity of the input power.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, one or more compressors, the corresponding gas storage structures and the corresponding expanders can be selected for storing and releasing compressed air energy according to the intensity of the input power supply, so that the use requirements of different input power supplies in different scenes are effectively met.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchanger is arranged on the first pipeline and is used for absorbing heat released by the compressor.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the heat exchanger is arranged to recycle the waste heat generated when the compressor compresses gas, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, and the energy consumption is saved.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange part and a second heat exchange part which are connected, wherein the first heat exchange part is arranged on the first pipeline and is positioned between the compressor and the first switch valve and used for absorbing heat released by the compressor; the second heat exchange part is arranged on the fourth pipeline and is positioned between the fourth switch valve and the expansion machine and used for heating the gas in the fourth pipeline.
The beneficial effects are that: the heat exchanger recovers waste heat generated when the compressor compresses gas through the first heat exchange part, heats the gas in the fourth pipeline through the second heat exchange part, and then the gas enters the expander to facilitate the expander to drive the generator to generate electricity.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchanger further comprises a third heat exchange part, wherein the third heat exchange part is communicated with the first heat exchange part and is arranged in the fifth pipeline.
The beneficial effects are that: the heat recovered by the first heat exchange part of the heat exchanger passes through the third heat exchange part, gas in the fifth pipeline can be heated, and the heated gas enters the lower-pressure expander from the higher-pressure expander, so that the lower-pressure expander is beneficial to driving the generator to generate power, and the energy utilization rate is further improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the energy storage device further comprises an air inlet pipe, the compressor comprises an air inlet, and the air inlet is communicated with the air inlet pipe; the energy release device comprises a return exhaust pipe, the expansion machine comprises an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with the exhaust pipe.
The beneficial effects are that: the air storage device can be connected with air in the air inlet pipe from the air inlet, compressed and stored in the air storage structure. And the gas in the gas storage structure enters the expander again to drive the engine to generate power, and finally is discharged from the gas outlet through the exhaust pipe. Each compressor is provided with an air inlet, and each expander is provided with an air outlet, so that each energy storage device and each energy release device independently operate.
In an alternative embodiment, the compressor includes at least one of a piston compressor, a rotary compressor, a centrifugal compressor, an axial compressor, and a hybrid compressor.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention can directly adopt the existing various compressors, has low use cost and is beneficial to popularization.
In an alternative embodiment, the expander comprises at least one of a piston expander, a rotary expander, and a turbine expander.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention can directly adopt the existing various expansion machines, thereby further reducing the use cost.
In an alternative embodiment, the gas storage structure comprises at least one of a gas storage tank, a salt cavern, an artificial underground chamber, a pipeline steel beam gas storage, and a gas bladder.
The beneficial effects are that: the gas storage structure can be applied to various working scenes to improve the application range of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a power plant comprising: a plurality of input power sources; a plurality of generators; the input power supply of the multistage compressed air energy storage system is connected with a compressor in the multistage compressed air energy storage system and is used for driving the compressor to compress air; the generator is connected with the expander and is used for being driven by the expander and generating electricity.
The beneficial effects are that: because the power station includes multistage compressed air energy storage system, have the same effect with multistage compressed air energy storage system, can form a plurality of independent compressed air energy storage structures promptly, do not influence each other, use stably, can also form multistage hierarchical regulation and control, do benefit to the different compressor combinations of quick switch, can satisfy the input power supply and have the use condition of more frequency fluctuation to improve multistage compressed air energy storage system's result of use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a first scenario;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system in a second scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system in a third scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another partial structure of a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention in scenario three;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system in a fourth scenario according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a compressor; 2. a gas storage structure; 3. a first pipeline; 4. a first switching valve; 5. a second pipeline; 6. a second switching valve; 7. a third pipeline; 8. a third switching valve; 9. an expander; 10. a fourth pipeline; 11. a fourth switching valve; 12. a fifth pipeline; 13. a sixth pipeline; 14. a sixth switching valve; 15. a first heat exchange part; 16. a second heat exchange part; 17. a third heat exchange section; 18. a first one-way valve; 19. an air inlet pipe; 20. an exhaust pipe; 21. inputting a power supply; 22. and (5) a generator.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problems that the existing compressed air energy storage system cannot rapidly switch compressor combinations and is poor in using effect, the embodiment of the invention provides that each compressor is respectively connected with a gas storage structure and an expander, and a plurality of compressors, the expanders and the gas storage structures are respectively connected in series in sequence to form multistage hierarchical regulation and control, so that different compressor combinations can be rapidly switched, and the using effect of the multistage compressed air energy storage system is improved.
Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, there is provided a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system, mainly comprising: a plurality of energy storage devices and a plurality of energy release devices. Wherein, each energy storage device mainly includes: a compressor 1 and a gas storage structure 2. The compressor 1 is adapted to be connected to an input power source 21 and driven by the input power source 21 to compress a gas. The gas storage structure 2 is communicated with the compressor 1 through a first pipeline 3 and is used for storing gas compressed by the first pipeline 3. The first pipeline 3 is provided with a first switch valve 4. The plurality of compressors 1 are connected in series sequentially through a second pipe 5. The second pipeline 5 is provided with a second switch valve 6. The plurality of gas storage structures 2 are connected in series through a third pipeline 7, and a third switch valve 8 is arranged on the third pipeline 7. Each energy release device comprises: an expander 9. The expander 9 communicates with the gas storage structure 2 through a fourth conduit 10. The fourth pipe 10 is provided with a fourth on-off valve 11. The expander 9 is adapted to be connected to the generator 22 and to drive the generator 22 for generating electricity. The plurality of expanders 9 are connected in series in turn by a fifth pipe 12, the fifth pipe 12 being provided with a fifth on-off valve (not shown in the figures).
Each compressor 1 of the embodiment of the invention is respectively connected with a gas storage structure 2 and an expander 9, and each energy storage device can be independently used with a corresponding energy release device to form a plurality of independent compressed air energy storage structures, and the energy storage structures are not mutually influenced and are stable in use. According to the specific application working condition scene, different compressor 1 combinations can be selected, and the flexibility is good, so that the supply and demand balance among a user side, a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system and a power grid where the generator 22 is positioned can be met. The compressors 1, the expanders 9 and the gas storage structures 2 are sequentially connected in series to form multistage hierarchical regulation and control, the energy storage devices and the energy release devices are connected with each other, and different compressor 1 combinations can be rapidly switched through the valves of the on-off pipelines, so that the use condition that the input power supply 21 has more frequency fluctuation is met, and the energy storage efficiency of the multistage compressed air energy storage system is improved.
Compared with the traditional grading compressed air energy storage system which is easy to be limited by the operation condition scene adjustment, the embodiment of the invention can stabilize the negative influence of the fluctuation of the input power supply 21, has less damage to each component of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system, and is safer to use, namely has better variable condition adjustment capability. The gas storage structure 2 can also decouple the process of compressing gas and the process of expanding gas, and the effect of stably outputting electric energy is realized by utilizing renewable compressed gas.
Specifically, the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system includes an energy storage state and an energy release state. In the energy storage state, one or more compressors 1 are selected to work according to the intensity of an input power supply 21, the input power supply 21 drives the compressors 1 to compress and boost air, and the pressurized air enters the air storage structure 2 for storage through the first pipeline 3 and enters the next stage of the compressor 1 through the second pipeline 5 for continuous compression. In the energy release state, the gas in the gas storage structure 2 enters the expander 9 through the fourth pipeline 10 to push the expander 9 to do work so as to drive the generator 22 to generate electricity.
In one embodiment, the air pressures in the plurality of compressors 1 are sequentially increased in the serial connection order, and the air pressures in the plurality of air storage structures 2 are sequentially increased in correspondence with the serial connection order of the plurality of compressors 1, respectively. The embodiment of the invention can form a plurality of stages of energy storage and energy release by arranging a plurality of compressors 1 and gas storage structures 2 with different air pressures. And then can select the combination that corresponding one or more energy memory and release can the device forms according to the intensity of actual input power 21, guarantee the stable operation of compressor 1 under the design scene, improve multistage compressed air energy storage system's energy storage efficiency.
In addition, since the adjacent compressors 1, the gas storage structure 2 and the expander 9 are connected through pipelines respectively and the air pressures are different, the classified energy storage and the classified energy storage are formed. When different compressor 1 combinations are switched, the gas pressure can be released through the connected pipelines, and the switching speed is improved.
In other embodiments, to avoid more gas loss in the following gas storage structure 2, the gas pressure is lower than in the preceding gas storage structure 2. The tandem sequence refers to the tandem sequence. And a pressure sensor is respectively arranged in each gas storage structure 2, and when the pressure sensors monitor that the air pressures in the adjacent gas storage structures 2 are the same, a third switch valve 8 on a third pipeline 7 connected with the two gas storage structures 2 is opened, so that the gas in the preceding gas storage structure 2 can supplement the following gas storage structure 2, and the air pressure of the following gas storage structure 2 is improved.
In addition, the air storage structure 2 can be supplemented with air in a mode of compressing air by the compressor 1, so that the air pressure is improved. Of course, the air pressure of the following air storage structure 2 can be increased by simultaneously compressing the air by the compressor 1 and opening the third switch valve 8 on the third pipeline 7 connecting the two air storage structures 2.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the expander 9 is in communication with the adjacent another low-pressure gas storage structure 2 through a sixth pipeline 13, and a sixth on-off valve 14 is provided on the sixth pipeline 13. When the load of the input power source 21 is small and insufficient to drive all the compressors 1 and the gas storage amount in the gas storage structure 2 is insufficient, the sixth switch valve 14 can be opened to transport the secondary high-pressure gas generated by the expander 9 to the adjacent gas storage structure 2 with the low pressure through the sixth pipeline 13 so as to supplement the gas storage amount in the gas storage structure 2, improve the energy utilization rate, save the energy consumption and save the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the fourth pipeline 10 is communicated with the third pipeline 7, and the communication position between the fourth pipeline 10 and the third pipeline 7 is located between the third switch valve 8 and the gas storage structure 2, so that pipeline connection can be simplified, and the use cost can be reduced.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first pipeline 3 is communicated with the second pipeline 5, so that pipeline connection can be further simplified, and the use cost is reduced. As shown in fig. 2, the first pipeline 3 is further provided with a first one-way valve 18, and the first one-way valve 18 is located between the first heat exchange portion 15 and the connection portion of the first pipeline 3 and the second pipeline 5. The first non-return valve 18 is effective to prevent the back flow of gas from the first conduit 3 to the compressor 1.
In one embodiment, the first switching valve 4 and the fourth switching valve 11 are both two-way valves. The first switch valve 4 is a two-way valve, and gas of the gas storage structure 2 can enter the next higher-pressure compressor 1 through the first pipeline 3 and the second pipeline 5, so that the switching speed of different combinations of the compressors 1 can be improved. Similarly, the fourth switch valve 11 is a two-way valve, and the gas of the expander 9 can enter the gas storage structure 2 with the next lower pressure through the fourth pipeline 10, so that the switching speed of different combinations of the compressor 1 is improved, and the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system is improved.
It should be noted that, the above-mentioned valves may be any conventional structure, for example, electromagnetic valve, mechanical valve, etc., and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and specific arrangements may be selected according to actual needs.
In one embodiment, the energy storage devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the energy release devices, each energy storage device and the corresponding energy release device are capable of operating independently and driving at least one compressor 1 based on the intensity of the input power source 21. According to the embodiment of the invention, one or more compressors 1 and corresponding gas storage structures 2 and expanders 9 can be selected for storing and releasing compressed air energy according to the intensity of the input power supply 21, so that the use requirements of different input power supplies 21 in different scenes are effectively met, and the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system is improved.
Because each energy storage device and the corresponding energy release device can independently operate, in other embodiments, the energy storage state and the energy release state can be simultaneously entered through different energy storage devices and energy release devices so as to meet the requirements of special use scenes.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, four energy storage devices and four energy release devices are respectively provided to form a four-stage compressed air energy storage system. The compressors 1 are respectively named as a first compressor, a second compressor, a third compressor and a fourth compressor from high to low according to air pressure. The gas storage structures 2 are respectively marked as a first gas storage structure, a second gas storage structure, a third gas storage structure and a fourth gas storage structure from high to low according to the air pressure. The expander 9 is respectively named as a first expander, a second expander, a third expander and a fourth expander from high to low according to air pressure.
It will be appreciated that in some other embodiments, the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system may also include three, five, or more than five energy storage devices and energy release devices, as embodiments of the invention are not limited in this regard.
Embodiments of the present invention may satisfy several scenarios including, but not limited to, the following.
Scene one
As shown in fig. 2, when the input power source 21 can drive only one compressor 1 to operate. One of the second compressor, the third compressor, and the fourth compressor is selected to form a single stage compressed air energy storage system. Taking the second compressor as an example. In the energy storage state, the input power supply 21 drives the second compressor to compress and boost air, and the boosted air enters the second gas storage structure through the first pipeline 3 to be stored. The second compressor can be connected with outside air or gas in the first gas storage structure. In the energy release state, the gas in the second gas storage structure enters the second expander, and the second expander drives the generator 22 to generate electricity.
Scene two
As shown in fig. 3, when the input power source 21 can drive the two compressors 1 to operate. Two adjacent compressors of the first compressor, the second compressor and the third compressor are selected to form a two-stage compressed air energy storage system, or two non-adjacent compressors are selected to form two single-stage compressed air energy storage systems.
Taking the example of selecting the first compressor and the second compressor to form a two-stage compressed air energy storage system. In the stored energy state, the input power source 21 drives the first compressor and the second compressor, respectively, to compress and boost air. The gas after the pressurization of the first compressor enters the first gas storage structure through the first pipeline 3 for storage and enters the second compressor through the second pipeline 5 for continuous compression. The gas after being pressurized by the second compressor enters the second gas storage structure through the first pipeline 3 for storage. In the energy release state, the gas in the first gas storage structure enters the first expander, and the first expander drives the generator 22 to generate electricity. The gas in the second gas storage structure enters a second expander, and the second expander drives the generator 22 to generate electricity. The secondary pressure gas generated by the second expander simultaneously enters the first expander.
In the case where the input power source 21 is capable of driving three or all of the compressors 1 to operate, and so on, it will not be described in detail herein for brevity.
Scene three
If the gas storage amount in all the gas storage structures 2 is sufficient. When the input power source 21 is able to drive all the compressors 1 to operate, all the fourth switching valves 11 are closed, and as shown in fig. 4, the first, second and third compressors only transport the compressed gas to the following compressors one by one until the fourth compressors, that is, only the fourth gas storage structure stores the compressed gas. As shown in fig. 5, the gas stored in the fourth gas storage structure is transported to the third gas storage structure, the second gas storage structure and the first gas storage structure successively, and the gas is provided for all the expanders 9 respectively, and all the generators 22 are driven to generate power respectively.
Scene four
If the gas storage in the gas storage structure 2 is insufficient. When the input power source 21 can drive all the compressors 1 to work, all the fourth switch valves 11 are opened, all the sixth switch valves 14 are closed, and the first, second and third compressors transport the compressed gas parts to the following compressors 1 one by one until the fourth compressor, and the compressed gas parts are transported into the corresponding gas storage structures 2. As shown in fig. 6, each gas storage structure 2 is provided with a separate compressor 1 for supplying gas, and the gas is transported to each expander 9 to drive each generator 22 to generate electricity.
In one embodiment, the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system further comprises a heat exchanger provided on the first pipeline 3 for absorbing heat released by the compressor 1 and reducing the temperature of the gas in the first pipeline 3. According to the embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger is arranged, so that the waste heat generated when the compressor 1 compresses gas can be recovered, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the energy consumption is saved.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention do not limit the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange part 15 and a second heat exchange part 16 which are connected, wherein the first heat exchange part 15 is arranged on the first pipeline 3 and is positioned between the compressor 1 and the first switch valve 4 and used for absorbing heat released by the compressor 1. The second heat exchange portion 16 is disposed in the fourth pipeline 10 and located between the fourth switching valve 11 and the expander 9, and is used for heating the gas in the fourth pipeline 10. The heat exchanger recovers the waste heat generated when the compressor 1 compresses the gas through the first heat exchange part 15, heats the gas in the fourth pipeline 10 through the second heat exchange part 16, and then the gas enters the expander 9, so that the expander 9 is beneficial to driving the generator 22 to generate power, and the energy utilization rate is further improved.
Further, the heat exchanger further comprises a third heat exchange portion 17, and the third heat exchange portion 17 is communicated with the first heat exchange portion 15 and is arranged in the fifth pipeline 12. The heat recovered by the first heat exchange part 15 of the heat exchanger passes through the third heat exchange part 17, the gas in the fifth pipeline 12 can be heated, and the heated gas enters the lower-pressure expander 9 from the higher-pressure expander 9, so that the lower-pressure expander 9 is beneficial to driving the generator 22 to generate power.
In one embodiment, the energy storage device further comprises an air inlet pipe 19, and the compressor 1 comprises an air inlet, which communicates with the air inlet pipe 19. The energy release device comprises a further exhaust pipe 20, the expander 9 comprises an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with the exhaust pipe 20. The compressor 1 can be connected to the gas in the gas inlet pipe 19 from the gas inlet, compressed and stored in the gas storage structure 2. The gas in the gas storage structure 2 enters the expander 9 again to drive the engine to generate electricity, and finally is discharged from the gas outlet through the exhaust pipe 20. Each compressor 1 is provided with an air inlet and each expander 9 is provided with an air outlet so that each energy storage device and each energy release device operate independently.
In one embodiment, the capacity in the gas storage structure 2 and the proportion of each gas storage structure 2 are designed according to the actual electricity demand. For example: the air pressure difference between the adjacent air storage structures 2 is between 2MPa and 3MPa, which is beneficial to the efficient and stable operation of the compressor 1.
The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the compressor 1, and the compressor 1 may be configured as desired. The compressor 1 may include at least one of a piston compressor, a rotary compressor, a centrifugal compressor, an axial compressor, and a hybrid compressor.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the expander 9, and the expander 9 includes at least one of a piston expander, a rotary expander, and a turbine expander. The embodiment of the invention can directly adopt the existing various compressors 1 and various expanders 9, has low use cost and is beneficial to popularization.
In one embodiment, the gas storage structure 2 comprises at least one of a gas storage tank, a salt cavern, an artificial underground chamber, a pipeline steel beam gas storage, and a gas bag. The gas storage structure 2 can be applied to various working scenes to improve the application range of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system. It will be appreciated that the gas storage structure 2 may be any other structure having pressure-bearing property and sealing property and capable of storing gas, other than the above-described form.
The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system of the present embodiment may also include other necessary modules or components, such as wires, controllers, etc., to perform the basic functions of the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system. It should be noted that any suitable existing configuration may be selected for the other necessary modules or components included in the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system. For clarity and brevity, the technical solutions provided by the present embodiments will not be repeated here, and the drawings in the description are correspondingly simplified. It will be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not limited in scope thereby.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in another aspect, there is also provided a power plant, mainly comprising: a plurality of input power sources 21, a plurality of generators 22, and a multi-stage compressed air energy storage system. The input power source 21 is connected to the compressor 1 in the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system for driving the compressor 1 to compress air. The generator 22 is connected to the expander 9, and is driven by the expander 9 to generate electricity. Because the power station includes multistage compressed air energy storage system, have the same effect with multistage compressed air energy storage system, can form a plurality of independent compressed air energy storage structures promptly, do not influence each other, use stably, can also form multistage hierarchical regulation and control, the different compressor 1 combination of quick switch can satisfy the input power 21 and have the service condition under the fluctuation scene, improves multistage compressed air energy storage system's result of use.
In particular, power plants include, but are not limited to, wind power plants, photovoltaic power plants, and the like. The input power source 21 may employ generators, each of which individually drives one of the compressors 1. The embodiment of the invention can realize direct storage of power stations such as wind power stations, photovoltaic power stations and the like after power generation, stably output electric quantity to a power grid, and relieve impact of renewable energy power generation fluctuation of the wind power stations, the photovoltaic power stations and the like on the power grid.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. A multi-stage compressed air energy storage system, comprising: a plurality of energy storage devices and a plurality of energy release devices;
each of the energy storage devices includes:
a compressor (1) adapted to be connected to an input power source (21) and driven by the input power source (21);
the gas storage structure (2) is communicated with the compressor (1) through a first pipeline (3); a first switch valve (4) is arranged on the first pipeline (3);
the compressors (1) are sequentially connected in series through a second pipeline (5), and a second switch valve (6) is arranged on the second pipeline (5); the plurality of gas storage structures (2) are sequentially connected in series through a third pipeline (7), and a third switch valve (8) is arranged on the third pipeline (7);
each of the energy release devices comprises:
an expansion machine (9) which is communicated with the gas storage structure (2) through a fourth pipeline (10); a fourth switch valve (11) is arranged on the fourth pipeline (10); the expander (9) is suitable for being connected with a generator (22) and driving the generator (22) to generate electricity;
the plurality of expansion machines (9) are connected in series through a fifth pipeline (12), and the fifth pipeline (12) is provided with a fifth switch valve.
2. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the air pressures in the plurality of compressors (1) are sequentially increased in the series connection order, and the air pressures in the plurality of air storage structures (2) are sequentially increased in the series connection order corresponding to the plurality of compressors (1), respectively.
3. Multistage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that the expander (9) communicates with the adjacent other low-pressure gas storage structure (2) through a sixth pipeline (13), the sixth pipeline (13) being provided with a sixth on-off valve (14).
4. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the fourth pipeline (10) is in communication with the third pipeline (7), the communication of the fourth pipeline (10) with the third pipeline (7) being located between the third switch valve (8) and the gas storage structure (2).
5. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the first conduit (3) communicates with the second conduit (5); the first pipeline (3) is further provided with a first one-way valve (18), and the first one-way valve (18) is positioned between the first heat exchange part (15) and the joint of the first pipeline (3) and the second pipeline (5).
6. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein the first switching valve (4) and the fourth switching valve (11) are both bi-directional valves.
7. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein the energy storage devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the energy release devices, each energy storage device and the corresponding energy release device being capable of operating independently and driving at least one compressor (1) based on the strength of an input power source (21).
8. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, further comprising a heat exchanger provided on the first pipeline (3) for absorbing heat released by the compressor (1).
9. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange portion (15) and a second heat exchange portion (16) connected, the first heat exchange portion (15) being provided in the first pipeline (3), being located between the compressor (1) and the first on-off valve (4) for absorbing heat released by the compressor (1); the second heat exchange part (16) is arranged on the fourth pipeline (10), is positioned between the fourth switch valve (11) and the expander (9) and is used for heating the gas in the fourth pipeline (10).
10. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 9, wherein the heat exchanger further comprises a third heat exchange portion (17), the third heat exchange portion (17) being in communication with the first heat exchange portion (15) and being provided in the fifth pipeline (12).
11. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage device further comprises an air intake pipe (19), the compressor (1) comprising an air intake, the air intake being in communication with the air intake pipe (19); the energy release device comprises an exhaust pipe (20), and the expander (9) comprises an air outlet which is communicated with the exhaust pipe (20).
12. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the compressor (1) comprises at least one of a piston compressor, a rotary compressor, a centrifugal compressor, an axial compressor, and a hybrid compressor.
13. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the expander (9) comprises at least one of a piston expander, a rotary expander and a turbo expander.
14. The multi-stage compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the gas storage structure (2) comprises at least one of a gas storage tank, a salt cavern, an artificial underground chamber, a pipeline steel beam gas storage, and a gas bag.
15. A power plant, comprising:
a plurality of input power sources (21);
a plurality of generators (22);
the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system of any one of claims 1 to 14, the input power source (21) being connected to the compressor (1) in the multi-stage compressed air energy storage system for driving the compressor (1) to compress air; the generator (22) is connected with the expander (9) and is used for being driven by the expander (9) and generating electricity.
CN202311356045.8A 2023-10-18 2023-10-18 Multistage compressed air energy storage system and power station Pending CN117662416A (en)

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CN202311356045.8A CN117662416A (en) 2023-10-18 2023-10-18 Multistage compressed air energy storage system and power station

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311356045.8A CN117662416A (en) 2023-10-18 2023-10-18 Multistage compressed air energy storage system and power station

Publications (1)

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CN117662416A true CN117662416A (en) 2024-03-08

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