CN117662148A - Top plate fracturing device and method based on interaction of microwaves and water - Google Patents
Top plate fracturing device and method based on interaction of microwaves and water Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for fracturing a top plate based on interaction of microwaves and water, wherein the device comprises an open type microwave radiation generator, an acoustic emission monitoring unit and a control unit; the method comprises the following steps: 1. drilling a microwave fracturing hole; 2. preparing and installing a fracturing roof device; 3. monitoring radiation cracking; 4. derivatization of the secondary fracture; 5. the fissures were evaluated. The invention greatly improves the dielectric constant of surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing holes based on the infiltration effect of the water layer in the rock stratum on the surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing holes, enhances the microwave fracturing surrounding rock effect by combining microwaves generated by the open microwave radiation generator, utilizes the acoustic emission monitoring unit to collect data of crack development conditions near the rock stratum, finally obtains the crack generation condition of the rock stratum, and plays a reference role in effectively reducing the impact tendency of the rock stratum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and particularly relates to a roof fracturing device and method based on microwave and water interaction.
Background
Along with the increasing of coal exploitation depth, mine disaster problems such as rock burst, strong mine pressure appearance and the like are increased. At present, the common rock burst control method has long working period, low anti-impact efficiency, higher cost, serious pollution, and poor effect under some special geological conditions, and needs close monitoring and maintenance; the existing equipment does not have monitoring equipment for the fracturing effect, can not carry out depth monitoring on the surrounding rock stress, and can not summarize the collected rules to form experience; in addition, the prior art is not friendly to the environment, can cause a great deal of problems such as resource waste, high pollution, large energy consumption and the like, and improves the production cost and the treatment difficulty of the mine; finally, the common closed type microwave equipment can only perform single operation. If a large number of operations need to be processed, the operation needs to be performed for a plurality of times, the efficiency is low, and the use time and the operation cost are increased. Thus, a new top plate weakening technique is needed. Microwave radiation is widely applied to the field of coal rock modification by virtue of high-efficiency and cleaning characteristics, microwave energy is transmitted to a preset surrounding rock area to weaken the coal rock area, the conventional microwave equipment cannot adapt to irregular shapes for operation, heating is possibly uneven, operation is unreliable, and additional pretreatment is needed; the promotion effect of the water-bearing layer on the fracturing surrounding rock exists in the existing rock burst mine upper cover plate, the method is not fully applied, the dielectric constant of the surrounding rock around the microwave fracturing hole is greatly improved based on the infiltration effect of water on the surrounding rock around the microwave fracturing hole, the effect of the microwave fracturing surrounding rock is enhanced, high stress is quickly transferred to the deep part of the surrounding rock, and therefore the purpose of efficiently preventing and controlling rock burst is achieved. Therefore, a roof fracturing mechanism based on microwave and water interaction is provided, so that the aim of weakening the roof is fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the fracturing roof device based on the interaction of microwaves and water, which greatly improves the dielectric constant of surrounding rocks around a microwave fracturing hole based on the infiltration effect of a water layer in a rock stratum on the surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing hole, enhances the effect of the microwave fracturing surrounding rocks by combining microwaves generated by an open microwave radiation generator, transfers high stress to the deep part of the surrounding rocks more quickly, utilizes the acoustic emission monitoring unit to collect data of crack development conditions near the rock stratum, finally obtains the crack generation condition of the rock stratum, has a reference effect on effectively reducing the impact tendency of the rock stratum, can be widely applied to complex and changeable geological conditions of the roof of a coal mine, further reduces the threat of rock burst to personal safety, and protects the integrity and stability of infrastructure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction, its characterized in that: the device comprises an open type microwave radiation generator arranged in a roadway, an acoustic emission monitoring unit vertically arranged on the open type microwave radiation generator and extending into a microwave fracturing hole, and a control unit connected with the open type microwave radiation generator and the acoustic emission monitoring unit;
the acoustic emission monitoring unit comprises a microwave conduit vertically arranged on the open type microwave radiation generator and an acoustic emission monitoring mechanism which is arranged at the end part of the microwave conduit and extends into the microwave fracturing hole; the microwave catheter is connected with a hydraulic push rod;
the acoustic emission monitoring mechanism comprises three acoustic emission monitoring pieces, the three acoustic emission monitoring pieces are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the microwave catheter, and a telescopic assembly is arranged between the acoustic emission monitoring pieces and the microwave catheter;
the control unit comprises a controller, a memory and a timer, wherein the memory and the timer are connected with the controller, and the acoustic emission monitoring piece is connected with the controller.
The fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction is characterized in that: the open type microwave radiation generator is externally connected with a cooler, the open type microwave radiation generator is symmetrically provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the cooler is arranged on the air inlet.
The fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction is characterized in that: the acoustic emission monitoring piece comprises piezoelectric ceramics and a terminal arranged between the piezoelectric ceramics and the telescopic component; the piezoelectric ceramic is connected with the controller.
The fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction is characterized in that: the telescopic component comprises a first adjusting arm arranged on the side wall of the microwave catheter, a second adjusting arm arranged on the acoustic emission monitoring part and an intermediate adjusting arm arranged between the first adjusting arm and the second adjusting arm, wherein the first adjusting arm and the intermediate adjusting arm are in sliding connection with each other, and the second adjusting arm and the intermediate adjusting arm are connected with each other in a sliding manner.
The fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction is characterized in that: the first adjusting arm, the middle adjusting arm and the second adjusting arm are hollow; the middle part of the inner side of the first adjusting arm is provided with a telescopic oil cylinder, one end of the telescopic oil cylinder is fixed on the side wall of the first adjusting arm, which is close to the microwave catheter, and the other end of the telescopic oil cylinder sequentially penetrates through the middle adjusting arm and the second adjusting arm and then extends into the second adjusting arm.
The fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction is characterized in that: the junction of first adjusting arm with the intermediate adjusting arm is provided with first sliding block, intermediate adjusting arm with the junction of second adjusting arm is provided with the second sliding block.
The fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction is characterized in that: the end part of the telescopic oil cylinder, which extends into the second adjusting arm, is provided with a first fixed pulley, a first extending rope is arranged on the first fixed pulley, one end of the first extending rope is fixed on the side wall, close to the microwave catheter, of the second adjusting arm, and the other end of the first extending rope sequentially penetrates through the second adjusting arm and the middle adjusting arm and then is fixed on the first adjusting arm;
a second fixed pulley is arranged on the side wall, close to the microwave catheter, of the middle adjusting arm, the second fixed pulley is arranged outside the middle adjusting arm, and the second fixed pulley is arranged in the first adjusting arm; the second fixed pulley is provided with a second stretching out rope, one end of the second stretching out rope is fixed on one of the first sliding blocks, and the other end of the second stretching out rope is fixed on the side wall, close to the microwave catheter, of the second adjusting arm.
The invention also provides a method for fracturing the top plate based on the microwave and water interaction fracturing top plate device, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, drilling microwave fracturing holes: drilling the coal seam by using a drilling machine until a drill rod of the drilling machine extends into the rock layer to form a microwave fracturing hole; the length of a hole section of the microwave fracturing hole extending into the rock stratum is not less than 1m, an included angle between the central axis of the microwave fracturing hole and the horizontal plane of the rock stratum is 7-8 degrees, and the aperture phi of the microwave fracturing hole is 46-48 mm;
step two, preparing and installing a fracturing roof device: moving a fracturing roof device to the position right below the microwave fracturing hole, starting a hydraulic push rod to push a microwave guide pipe into the microwave fracturing hole until the top of the microwave guide pipe is tightly attached to the hole bottom of the microwave fracturing hole; starting a telescopic component, pushing the acoustic emission monitoring component to move towards a direction close to the wall of the microwave fracturing hole until the acoustic emission monitoring component is clung to the wall of the microwave fracturing hole, and maintaining the position of the acoustic emission monitoring component by using the telescopic component;
step three, radiation cracking monitoring: firstly starting the acoustic emission monitoring part, and monitoring the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum by the acoustic emission monitoring part and synchronously storing the ringing count value into a memory; simultaneously, the acoustic emission monitoring part synchronously stores the monitored basic parameters into a memory; starting the open microwave radiation generator, setting the initial frequency of the open microwave radiation generator to be 10KW, and continuously radiating microwaves to the rock stratum at the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole through the microwave guide pipe; the timer sends out an instruction every 1 minute, and the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum during fracturing and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory; simultaneously, the acoustic emission monitoring part synchronously stores the monitored basic parameters into a memory;
step four, derivatization of the secondary cracks: if the ringing count value during formation fracturing does not reach the threshold range of the ringing count value during formation fracturing, increasing the power of the open microwave radiation generator by 0.5kW every 1 minute, and continuously radiating microwaves to the formation at the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole through the microwave guide pipe; the timer sends out an instruction every 1 minute, and the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum during fracturing and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory until the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum during fracturing reaches the threshold range of the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum during fracturing;
step five, evaluating cracks: closing the open microwave radiation generator, extracting the monitoring value stored in the memory, and evaluating the cracking effect of the crack.
The method for fracturing the top plate based on the microwave and water interaction fracturing top plate device is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and step two, pushing the hole packer to the hole bottom position of the microwave fracturing hole from the orifice of the microwave fracturing hole after the microwave fracturing hole is drilled, and inserting the hole packer into the hole bottom of the microwave fracturing hole.
The method for fracturing the top plate based on the microwave and water interaction fracturing top plate device is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the sum of the diameter of the microwave catheter and the length of one of the acoustic emission monitoring members is equal to 2/3~3/4 of the aperture of the microwave fracturing hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention greatly improves the dielectric constant of surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing holes based on the infiltration effect of a stratum containing water layer on the surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing holes, enhances the microwave fracturing surrounding rock effect by combining microwaves generated by an open microwave radiation generator, transfers high stress to the deep part of the surrounding rocks faster, utilizes the acoustic emission monitoring unit to acquire data of crack development conditions near the stratum, finally obtains the crack generation conditions of the stratum, has a reference effect on effectively reducing the impact tendency of the stratum, can be widely applied to complicated and changeable geological conditions of coal mine roof, further reduces the threat of rock burst to personal safety, and protects the integrity and stability of infrastructure.
2. The invention fully utilizes the infiltration effect of the water-bearing layer existing in the impact ground pressure type mine upper cover plate on the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole, and promotes the fracturing effect on the rock stratum.
3. According to the invention, the acoustic emission device is added to monitor the pressure and deformation of the rock stratum in real time, so that the working accuracy is improved.
4. According to the invention, the acoustic emission monitoring component is closely connected with the inner wall of the microwave fracturing hole by arranging the telescopic component, so that acoustic emission signals in the fracturing process can be better collected, monitored and analyzed, and more accurate data support and analysis are provided.
In summary, the invention greatly improves the dielectric constant of surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing hole based on the infiltration effect of the stratum inclusion layer on the surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing hole, the microwave fracturing effect of the surrounding rocks is enhanced by combining microwaves generated by the open microwave radiation generator, high stress is quickly transferred to the deep part of the surrounding rocks, and the acoustic emission monitoring unit is utilized to collect data of crack development conditions near the stratum, so that the crack generation condition of the stratum is finally obtained, the reference effect is achieved on effectively reducing the impact tendency of the stratum, and the invention can be widely applied to complicated and changeable geological conditions of the coal mine roof, thereby reducing the threat of impact pressure on personal safety and protecting the integrity and stability of infrastructure.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the acoustic emission monitoring mechanism and the microwave catheter.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the telescopic assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the effect of microwave radiation in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
Detailed Description
The fracturing roof device based on the interaction of microwaves and water as shown in fig. 1 to 5 comprises an open type microwave radiation generator 2 arranged in a roadway, an acoustic emission monitoring unit vertically arranged on the open type microwave radiation generator 2 and extending into a microwave fracturing hole 1, and a control unit connected with the open type microwave radiation generator 2 and the acoustic emission monitoring unit;
the acoustic emission monitoring unit comprises a microwave guide pipe 4 vertically arranged on the open type microwave radiation generator 2 and an acoustic emission monitoring mechanism which is arranged at the end part of the microwave guide pipe 4 and extends into the microwave fracturing hole 1; the microwave catheter 4 is connected with a hydraulic push rod;
the acoustic emission monitoring mechanism comprises three acoustic emission monitoring elements, the three acoustic emission monitoring elements are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the microwave catheter 4, and a telescopic assembly 7 is arranged between the acoustic emission monitoring elements and the microwave catheter 4;
the control unit comprises a controller 8, a memory 9 and a timer 12 connected with the controller 8, and the acoustic emission monitoring component is connected with the controller 8.
The invention greatly improves the dielectric constant of surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing hole 1 based on the infiltration effect of a water layer in the rock stratum 11 on the surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing hole 1, enhances the microwave fracturing surrounding rock effect by combining microwaves generated by the open microwave radiation generator 2, transfers high stress to the deep part of the surrounding rocks faster, utilizes the acoustic emission monitoring unit to acquire data of crack development conditions near the rock stratum 11, finally obtains the crack generation condition of the rock stratum 11, has a reference effect on effectively reducing the impact tendency of the rock stratum 11, can be widely applied to complicated and changeable geological conditions of a coal mine roof, further reduces the threat of impact pressure on personal safety, and protects the integrity and stability of infrastructure.
The invention fully utilizes the infiltration effect of the water-bearing layer existing in the impact ground pressure type mine upper cover plate on the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole 1, and promotes the fracturing effect on the rock stratum 11.
The invention adds the acoustic emission device to monitor the pressure and deformation of the rock stratum 11 in real time, thereby improving the accuracy of work.
According to the invention, the acoustic emission monitoring component is closely connected with the inner wall of the microwave fracturing hole 1 by arranging the telescopic component 7, so that acoustic emission signals in the fracturing process can be better collected, monitored and analyzed, and more accurate data support and analysis can be provided.
The principle of the microwave catheter 4 is to transmit microwave signals mainly by using reflection and refraction of the metal pipe. When the microwave signal enters the microwave guide 4, it is reflected and refracted by the metal pipe and is transmitted along the pipe. The shape and size of the microwave catheter 4 is designed according to the frequency and wavelength of the microwave signal to ensure that the signal is able to be transmitted in the pipeline. Acoustic emission monitoring is a non-destructive monitoring method that evaluates the performance or structural integrity of a material by receiving and analyzing acoustic emission signals of the material.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the open microwave radiation generator 2 is externally connected with a cooler 3, the open microwave radiation generator 2 is symmetrically provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the cooler 3 is installed on the air inlet.
In actual use, a large amount of heat is generated by the open type microwave radiation generator 2 in operation, so that equipment faults caused by overheating are prevented, a cooling system is an indispensable part of the open type microwave radiation generator 2, and a cooler 3 is externally connected to the open type microwave radiation generator 2 for increasing heat dissipation of the open type microwave radiation generator 2, and the heat generated by a magnetron is timely dissipated in an air cooling mode so as to keep the temperature required by normal operation of the equipment.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the acoustic emission monitor includes a piezoelectric ceramic 5 and a terminal 6 provided between the piezoelectric ceramic 5 and the telescopic member 7; the piezoelectric ceramic 5 is connected to the controller 8.
In actual use, the controller 8 is also connected with an information acquisition card, the analog signals transmitted by the piezoelectric ceramics 5 are transmitted to the information acquisition card, and the information acquisition card converts the analog signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the controller 8.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the telescopic assembly 7 includes a first adjusting arm 13 disposed on a side wall of the microwave catheter 4, a second adjusting arm 14 disposed on the acoustic emission monitor, and an intermediate adjusting arm 15 disposed between the first adjusting arm 13 and the second adjusting arm 14, and the first adjusting arm 13 and the intermediate adjusting arm 15, and the second adjusting arm 14 and the intermediate adjusting arm 15 are all slidably connected.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the first adjusting arm 13, the middle adjusting arm 15, and the second adjusting arm 14 are hollow; the middle part of the inner side of the first adjusting arm 13 is provided with a telescopic oil cylinder 16, one end of the telescopic oil cylinder 16 is fixed on the side wall of the first adjusting arm 13, which is close to the microwave catheter 4, and the other end of the telescopic oil cylinder 16 sequentially passes through the middle adjusting arm 15 and the second adjusting arm 14 and then extends into the second adjusting arm 14.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, a first sliding block 17 is disposed at a connection between the first adjusting arm 13 and the intermediate adjusting arm 15, and a second sliding block 18 is disposed at a connection between the intermediate adjusting arm 15 and the second adjusting arm 14.
In actual use, the primary function of the first slider 17 and the second slider 18 is to achieve force conversion and amplify the force. It converts the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder into a thrust force of the machine. The connection part of the first adjusting arm 13 and the middle adjusting arm 15 is provided with a track for sliding the first sliding block 17, and the connection part of the middle adjusting arm 15 and the second adjusting arm 14 is provided with a track for sliding the second sliding block 18.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, a first fixed pulley 19 is disposed at an end of the telescopic cylinder 16 extending into the second adjusting arm 14, a first extending rope 20 is disposed on the first fixed pulley 19, one end of the first extending rope 20 is fixed on a side wall of the second adjusting arm 14 close to the microwave catheter 4, and the other end of the first extending rope 20 sequentially passes through the second adjusting arm 14 and the middle adjusting arm 15 and is then fixed on the first adjusting arm 13;
a second fixed pulley 21 is arranged on the side wall of the middle adjusting arm 15, which is close to the microwave catheter 4, the second fixed pulley 21 is arranged outside the middle adjusting arm 15, and the second fixed pulley 21 is arranged in the first adjusting arm 13; the second fixed pulley 21 is provided with a second extending rope 22, one end of the second extending rope 22 is fixed on one of the first sliding blocks 17, and the other end of the second extending rope 22 is fixed on the side wall, close to the microwave catheter 4, of the second adjusting arm 14.
In actual use, the first extension cord 20 and the second extension cord 22 are both made of metal, and the first extension cord 20 mainly serves to control the extension and retraction of the second adjusting arm 14; the main function of the second extension cord 22 is to control the extension and retraction of the intermediate adjustment arm 15.
A method of fracturing a roof based on microwave and water interaction fracturing roof apparatus as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, drilling microwave fracturing holes: drilling the coal seam 10 by using a drilling machine until a drill rod of the drilling machine stretches into the rock stratum 11 to form a microwave fracturing hole 1; the length of a hole section of the microwave fracturing hole 1 extending into the rock stratum 11 is not smaller than 1m, an included angle between the central axis of the microwave fracturing hole 1 and the horizontal plane of the rock stratum 11 is 7-8 degrees, and the aperture phi of the microwave fracturing hole 1 is 46-48 mm;
step two, preparing and installing a fracturing roof device: moving a fracturing roof device to the position right below the microwave fracturing hole 1, starting a hydraulic push rod to push a microwave guide pipe 4 into the microwave fracturing hole 1 until the top of the microwave guide pipe 4 is tightly attached to the bottom of the microwave fracturing hole 1; starting a telescopic component 7, pushing the acoustic emission monitoring component to move towards the direction close to the wall of the microwave fracturing hole 1 until the acoustic emission monitoring component is clung to the wall of the microwave fracturing hole 1, and maintaining the position of the acoustic emission monitoring component by using the telescopic component 7;
step three, radiation cracking monitoring: firstly, starting the acoustic emission monitoring part, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum 11 and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory 9; simultaneously, the acoustic emission monitoring part synchronously stores the monitored basic parameters into the memory 9; starting the open type microwave radiation generator 2 again, setting the initial frequency of the open type microwave radiation generator 2 to be 10KW, and continuously radiating microwaves to the rock stratum 11 at the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole 1 through the microwave guide pipe 4; the timer 12 sends out an instruction every 1 minute, and the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum 11 when fracturing and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory 9; simultaneously, the acoustic emission monitoring part synchronously stores the monitored basic parameters into the memory 9;
step four, derivatization of the secondary cracks: if the ringing count value of the rock stratum 11 during fracturing does not reach the threshold range of the ringing count value of the rock stratum during fracturing, the power of the open type microwave radiation generator 2 is increased by 0.5kW every 1 minute, and the microwave is continuously radiated to the rock stratum 11 at the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole 1 through the microwave guide pipe 4; the timer 12 sends out an instruction every 1 minute, and the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum 11 when fracturing, and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory 9 until the ringing count value of the rock stratum 11 when fracturing reaches the threshold range of the ringing count value of the rock stratum when fracturing;
step five, evaluating cracks: the open type microwave radiation generator 2 is turned off, the monitoring value stored in the memory 9 is extracted, and the cracking effect of the crack is evaluated.
In the third step, as the water-bearing layer is arranged in the rock stratum 11, water has a soaking effect on the rock stratum 11 for a long time, the dielectric constant of surrounding rocks around the microwave fracturing hole 1 is greatly improved, the effect of microwave fracturing the surrounding rocks is enhanced, high stress is quickly transferred to the deep parts of the surrounding rocks, and therefore the purpose of efficiently preventing rock burst is achieved.
In the fourth step, the threshold range of the ringing count during formation fracturing is set in advance and stored in the memory 9 synchronously. In the fifth step, the cracking effect of the crack can be evaluated through finite element analysis and a corresponding mechanical formula. According to the invention, the effect of microwave cracking surrounding rock is enhanced through the interaction of microwaves and water, and rock burst can be better reduced through the evaluation of cracks, so that the aim of better coal mining is achieved, and guidance on the operation position and coal mining method of the next area is also facilitated.
It should be noted that the original rock layer may contain relatively minute cracks, which are called microcracks. As the machine starts, these tiny cracks will gradually expand, forming new cracks, called subs; these tiny fissures are instead turned into secondary fissures, known as the derivatization of the secondary fissures. The formation of cracks can greatly reduce various physical properties of the rock stratum, so that the rock stratum is easier to collapse, the energy and occurrence of rock burst are further reduced, and the aim of reducing the impact tendency is fulfilled.
In the second embodiment, after the microwave fracturing hole 1 is drilled, pushing the hole packer from the orifice of the microwave fracturing hole 1 to the hole bottom of the microwave fracturing hole 1, and inserting the hole packer into the hole bottom of the microwave fracturing hole 1.
In this embodiment, the sum of the diameter of the microwave catheter 4 and the length of one of the acoustic emission monitoring members is equal to 2/3~3/4 of the aperture of the microwave fracturing aperture 1.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Fracturing roof device based on microwave and water interaction, its characterized in that: the device comprises an open type microwave radiation generator (2) arranged in a roadway, an acoustic emission monitoring unit vertically arranged on the open type microwave radiation generator (2) and extending into a microwave fracturing hole (1), and a control unit connected with the open type microwave radiation generator (2) and the acoustic emission monitoring unit;
the acoustic emission monitoring unit comprises a microwave conduit (4) vertically arranged on the open type microwave radiation generator (2) and an acoustic emission monitoring mechanism which is arranged at the end part of the microwave conduit (4) and extends into the microwave fracturing hole (1); the microwave catheter (4) is connected with a hydraulic push rod;
the acoustic emission monitoring mechanism comprises three acoustic emission monitoring elements, the three acoustic emission monitoring elements are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the microwave catheter (4), and a telescopic assembly (7) is arranged between the acoustic emission monitoring elements and the microwave catheter (4);
the control unit comprises a controller (8), a memory (9) and a timer (12) which are connected with the controller (8), and the acoustic emission monitoring piece is connected with the controller (8).
2. The microwave and water interaction based fracturing roof apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the open type microwave radiation generator (2) is externally connected with a cooler (3), the open type microwave radiation generator (2) is symmetrically provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the cooler (3) is arranged on the air inlet.
3. The microwave and water interaction based fracturing roof apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the acoustic emission monitoring piece comprises a piezoelectric ceramic (5) and a terminal (6) arranged between the piezoelectric ceramic (5) and the telescopic component (7); the piezoelectric ceramic (5) is connected with the controller (8).
4. The microwave and water interaction based fracturing roof apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the telescopic assembly (7) comprises a first adjusting arm (13) arranged on the side wall of the microwave catheter (4), a second adjusting arm (14) arranged on the acoustic emission monitoring piece and an intermediate adjusting arm (15) arranged between the first adjusting arm (13) and the second adjusting arm (14), wherein the first adjusting arm (13) and the intermediate adjusting arm (15) are in sliding connection with each other, and the second adjusting arm (14) and the intermediate adjusting arm (15) are connected with each other in a sliding mode.
5. The microwave and water interaction based fracturing roof apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the first adjusting arm (13), the middle adjusting arm (15) and the second adjusting arm (14) are hollow; the middle part of the inner side of the first adjusting arm (13) is provided with a telescopic oil cylinder (16), one end of the telescopic oil cylinder (16) is fixed on the side wall of the first adjusting arm (13) close to the microwave catheter (4), and the other end of the telescopic oil cylinder (16) sequentially penetrates through the middle adjusting arm (15) and the second adjusting arm (14) and then extends into the second adjusting arm (14).
6. The microwave and water interaction based fracturing roof apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the connecting part of the first adjusting arm (13) and the middle adjusting arm (15) is provided with a first sliding block (17), and the connecting part of the middle adjusting arm (15) and the second adjusting arm (14) is provided with a second sliding block (18).
7. The microwave and water interaction based fracturing roof apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the end part of the telescopic oil cylinder (16) extending into the second adjusting arm (14) is provided with a first fixed pulley (19), the first fixed pulley (19) is provided with a first extending rope (20), one end of the first extending rope (20) is fixed on the side wall, close to the microwave catheter (4), of the second adjusting arm (14), and the other end of the first extending rope (20) sequentially penetrates through the second adjusting arm (14) and the middle adjusting arm (15) and then is fixed on the first adjusting arm (13);
a second fixed pulley (21) is arranged on the side wall, close to the microwave catheter (4), of the middle adjusting arm (15), the second fixed pulley (21) is arranged outside the middle adjusting arm (15), and the second fixed pulley (21) is arranged in the first adjusting arm (13); the second fixed pulley (21) is provided with a second stretching out rope (22), one end of the second stretching out rope (22) is fixed on one first sliding block (17), and the other end of the second stretching out rope (22) is fixed on the side wall, close to the microwave catheter (4), of the second adjusting arm (14).
8. The method for fracturing a top plate based on microwave and water interaction fracturing top plate device according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, drilling microwave fracturing holes: drilling a coal seam (10) by using a drilling machine until a drill rod of the drilling machine stretches into a rock stratum (11) to form a microwave fracturing hole (1); the length of a hole section of the microwave fracturing hole (1) extending into the rock stratum (11) is not smaller than 1m, an included angle between a central axis of the microwave fracturing hole (1) and a horizontal plane where the rock stratum (11) is located is 7-8 degrees, and the aperture phi of the microwave fracturing hole (1) is 46-48 mm;
step two, preparing and installing a fracturing roof device: moving a fracturing roof device to the position right below the microwave fracturing hole (1), and starting a hydraulic push rod to push a microwave guide pipe (4) into the microwave fracturing hole (1) until the top of the microwave guide pipe (4) is tightly attached to the bottom of the microwave fracturing hole (1); starting a telescopic component (7), pushing the acoustic emission monitoring piece to move towards a direction close to the hole wall of the microwave fracturing hole (1) until the acoustic emission monitoring piece is clung to the hole wall of the microwave fracturing hole (1), and maintaining the position of the acoustic emission monitoring piece by using the telescopic component (7);
step three, radiation cracking monitoring: firstly starting the acoustic emission monitoring part, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum (11) and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory (9); simultaneously, the acoustic emission monitoring part synchronously stores the monitored basic parameters into a memory (9); starting the open microwave radiation generator (2), setting the initial frequency of the open microwave radiation generator (2) to be 10KW, and continuously radiating microwaves to the rock stratum (11) at the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole (1) through the microwave guide pipe (4); the timer (12) sends out an instruction every 1 minute, and the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum (11) when fracturing and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory (9); simultaneously, the acoustic emission monitoring part synchronously stores the monitored basic parameters into a memory (9);
step four, derivatization of the secondary cracks: if the ringing count value of the stratum (11) during fracturing does not reach the threshold range of the ringing count value of the stratum during fracturing, the power of the open type microwave radiation generator (2) is increased by 0.5kW every 1 minute, and microwave radiation is continuously carried out on the stratum (11) at the periphery of the microwave fracturing hole (1) through the microwave guide pipe (4); the timer (12) sends out an instruction every 1 minute, and the acoustic emission monitoring part monitors the ringing count value of the surrounding rock stratum (11) when the rock stratum is cracked, and synchronously stores the ringing count value into the memory (9) until the ringing count value of the rock stratum (11) when the rock stratum is cracked reaches the threshold range of the ringing count value of the rock stratum when the rock stratum is cracked;
step five, evaluating cracks: closing the open microwave radiation generator (2), extracting the monitoring value stored in the memory (9), and evaluating the cracking effect of the crack.
9. The method for fracturing a top plate based on microwave and water interaction fracturing top plate device according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, after the microwave fracturing hole (1) is drilled, pushing the hole packer to the hole bottom position of the microwave fracturing hole (1) from the orifice of the microwave fracturing hole (1), and inserting the hole packer into the hole bottom of the microwave fracturing hole (1).
10. The method for fracturing a top plate based on microwave and water interaction fracturing top plate device according to claim 1, wherein: the sum of the diameter of the microwave catheter (4) and the length of one of the acoustic emission monitoring members is equal to 2/3~3/4 of the aperture of the microwave fracturing aperture (1).
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