CN117660581A - 一种筛选免疫调节药物药效的模型及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种筛选免疫调节药物药效的模型及方法。所述方法包括构建含有PVDF胶囊管的动物模型,还包括分析动物体内模型的药效数据、配对的流式多细胞亚群表型鉴定数据和多组学数据。所述PVDF胶囊管容纳有细胞,所述细胞包括单细胞悬液化的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞;其中所述肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞源自临床患者的新鲜肿瘤组织或体液。本发明构建的动物模型可进行免疫系统靶向和调节药物药效筛选,并实现了多位患者同时进行免疫药物筛选,为临床精准医疗和新药研发提供了快捷、有效的功能和机制研究的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域,尤其涉及一种快速筛选免疫调节药物药效的模型、方法及所述模型的应用。
背景技术
目前已大量开发具有免疫靶向和调节功能的药物,并应用于众多临床疾病的治疗,其中CTLA4抗体(ipilumumab)和PD1抗体(Keytruda,Opdivo)开创性地应用于黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌等肿瘤治疗;TNFα抗体adalimumab应用于风湿性关节炎和活动性结肠炎等治疗;最新IL12/IL23p40抗体Ustekinumab应用于银屑病、炎症性结肠炎和系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病的治疗。然而,并不是每一个患者针对这些免疫调节作用的药物均有良好的反应性,同时,临床诊疗的特点更是对治疗方案的时限性和指导性要求很高,比如经典的人源化小鼠PDX实验或者免疫性疾病的建模和给药,不仅耗时2-5个月,而且不能满足临床患者的多样化需求(多种免疫药物的选择),也延误新药研发的进程。因此,亟需快速有效的功能性筛选方法,进而针对患者精准化治疗,并鉴定药物在不同人群中的biomarkers。
然而,目前技术方案均是做化疗药物的体内肿瘤细胞的药敏筛选,所有实验研究对象是肿瘤细胞,测试的药物主要是化疗药物或肿瘤靶向药物(US005676924A,1997;US005698413A,1997;CN108351348A,2017),不能满足免疫系统靶向或调节药物药效的快速筛选。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是为克服免疫系统靶向或调节药物药效筛选耗费时间,且不能满足患者精准化治疗的问题,提供一种筛选免疫调节药物药效的模型及方法。本发明较传统免疫药物药效筛选,能显著缩短免疫药物药效筛选的时间,并为免疫药物反应性筛选出合适的生物学标志物,从而实现临床患者的精准化治疗。
现有化疗药物或肿瘤靶向药物的药敏筛选所采用的实验研究对象是肿瘤细胞,不含有免疫细胞或者去掉了绝大多数免疫细胞,对于靶向免疫细胞或者免疫系统调节的药物缺乏筛选方法。本发明经过大量实验,开发了新的动物模型,通过调节动物模型中模拟的免疫系统来检测免疫药物抗肿瘤、炎症和感染等的效果和机制,并为免疫药物反应性筛选出合适的生物学标志物(biomarkers),进而实现免疫系统靶向或调节药物药效的快速筛选。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题:
本发明第一方面提供一种容纳细胞的PVDF胶囊管,所述细胞包括单细胞悬液化的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞;其中,
所述肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞源自临床患者的新鲜肿瘤组织或体液;
本发明一些实施方案中,所述肿瘤组织包括临床手术切除的肿瘤组织或活检的肿瘤组织;
本发明一些实施方案中,所述体液包括血液、骨髓、胸腹水和脑脊液中的一种或多种。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述胶囊管的平均蛋白通透性为300-1000Kda,优选为500-700Kda。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述胶囊管使用前需经激活、超纯水冲洗和高压灭菌处理,激活方式优选为无水乙醇。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述免疫细胞为单细胞悬液经过分选所富集的自体免疫细胞,所述肿瘤细胞为单细胞悬液经过分选时流穿的肿瘤细胞;其中,
所述单细胞悬液源自患者的实体肿瘤组织中的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞,和/或,所述患者外周血中的外周血单核细胞。
本发明一些具体实施方案中,所述分选时使用的分选设备包括:
(1)分选磁珠,优选Anti-CD45 MicroBeads human,和/或,Anti-FibroblastMicroBeads human;
(2)分选装置,优选LS柱。
本发明一些具体实施方案中,所述细胞悬液由以下步骤制备:
(1)除去肿瘤样本中的非肿瘤组织和坏死的组织,将肿瘤样本切成大小为1-2mm的组织块,用含有1%PSB的HBSS缓冲液进行冲洗离心并收集肿瘤组织块;
(2)使用胶原酶消化,用含有血清的培养基终止消化,收集细胞悬液;离心去除上清并收集细胞沉淀;
(3)用3-5倍体积的红细胞裂解液裂解,离心去除上清并收集细胞沉淀,反复裂红2次;所述红细胞裂解液包括139.6mmol/L NH4Cl,16.96mmol/L Tris pH 7.2;
(4)用含有1%FBS的PBS重悬细胞沉淀,离心去除上清并收集细胞沉淀,调整细胞浓度。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的比例范围为1.5:1-15:1,优选为1.5:1-9:1。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述免疫细胞中的CD8+T细胞所占百分比为0.5%以上,优选为0.5%-15%;和/或,所述免疫细胞的活率>20%。
本发明第二方面提供一种动物模型,所述动物模型优选在皮下或原位含有所述胶囊管。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述动物为小鼠。
本发明一些具体实施方案中,所述小鼠为免疫缺陷性小鼠,例如:Balb/c Nude小鼠,NCG小鼠,NSG小鼠或Nod-scid小鼠。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述胶囊管的个数为1-8个。
本发明第三方面提供一种快速筛选免疫调节药物药效的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)对所述小鼠模型施用待测药物;其中,
所述待测药物为免疫调节药物,其包括固体、半固体和液体的一种或多种;
所述待测药物的给药方式包括静脉注射、口服灌胃、腹腔注射和皮下注射的一种或多种。
(2)检测胶囊管内肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的总细胞活性或免疫细胞活性,肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和细胞表型;其中,
所述总细胞活性或免疫细胞活性检测优选CTG(CellTiter Glo)化学发光法;
所述相对比例和细胞表型检测优选流式(FACS);
(3)检测胶囊管内肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的分子生物学信息;其中,
所述生物学信息检测优选DNA-seq,和/或,RNA-seq。
在本发明一些具体实施方案中,步骤(2)和(3)无先后顺序;
较佳地,步骤(2)中,所述FACS包括以下步骤中的一种或多种:
抗体标记,其中所述抗体包括7AAD,CD45,CD3,CD8,CD270,CD33,CD38,CD20,PDL1,PD1,CD68和CD25中的一种或几种;
流式检测,所述FACS在所述抗体标记完成后加入含有2%FBS的PBS后上机检测;
软件数据分析,所述软件优选Flowjo。
本发明第四方面提供一种如第一方面所述的胶囊管在制备快速筛选免疫调节药物药效的动物模型中的应用。
本发明一些实施方案中,所述动物模型优选为免疫缺陷小鼠。
本发明一些具体实施方案中,所述动物模型可同时对1-8位患者进行药物筛选,优选为1-4位患者。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
本发明通过构建含有胶囊管的动物模型,进行免疫系统靶向和调节药物筛选。本发明提供的模型及方法为临床患者提供了对免疫药的敏感性和有效性的快速筛选方法,获得了动物体内模型的药效数据,配对的流式多细胞亚群表型鉴定数据和多组学分析数据,为临床精准医疗和新药研发提供了快捷、有效的功能和机制研究的方法。
附图说明
图1为“‘艾五’(Immuno-Oncology Fast In Vivo Efficacy test)技术用于免疫药物快速筛选的方法”示意图,以肿瘤免疫为例:取患者肿瘤组织进行加工处理,使得肿瘤细胞和自体免疫细胞按照一定比例混合(推荐1.5:1-15:1)封管mini-capsule,皮下或原位接种免疫缺陷小鼠,给予药物处理,在5到14天后,取mini-capsule进行总细胞活性检测,流式细胞术(FACS)细胞亚群比例和表型鉴定,以及用药前后的各种组学(如转录组)分析。如果是自身免疫性疾病,则从患者炎症组织(如淋巴结)和外周血获取免疫细胞,进行FACS检测细胞表型鉴定和封管,体内接种和给药,在5到14天后,取mini-capsule进行免疫细胞活性检测,流式细胞术(FACS)细胞亚群比例和表型鉴定,以及用药前后的各种组学(如转录组)分析。
图2为(实施例1)一例卵巢癌患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织单细胞悬液(mini-capsule胶囊管)的表型检测。
图3为(实施例1)卵巢癌患者day10 CTG(CellTiter-Glo)化学发光法检测胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测。
图4为(实施例1)卵巢癌患者day10流式细胞术(FACS)对胶囊管中肿瘤组织单细胞悬液的表型检测和分析。
图5为(实施例2)一例卵巢癌患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织单细胞悬液(mini-capsule胶囊管)的表型检测。
图6为(实施例2)卵巢癌患者day10 CTG法检测胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测。
图7为(实施例2)卵巢癌患者day10 FACS检测mini胶囊管中肿瘤组织(肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)的表型。
图8为(实施例3)一例卵巢癌患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织单细胞悬液不同类型(纯化前,肿瘤细胞纯化后,免疫细胞纯化后,肿瘤样本添加免疫细胞后)的表型检测。
图9为(实施例3)卵巢癌患者day10 CTG法检测(肿瘤组织纯化前,肿瘤样本添加免疫细胞后)胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测。
图10为(实施例3)卵巢癌患者day10 FACS检测各个mini胶囊管中肿瘤组织(肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)的表型。
图11为(实施例4)一例肺癌患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织单细胞悬液(mini-capsule胶囊管)的表型检测。
图12为(实施例4)肺癌患者day14 CTG法检测胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测。
图13为(实施例4)肺癌患者day14 FACS检测mini胶囊管中肿瘤组织(肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)的表型。
图14为(实施例5)两例AML患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织(外周血)单细胞悬液(mini-capsule胶囊管)的表型检测。
图15为(实施例5)两例AML患者day14 CTG法检测胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测。
图16为(实施例5)a.一例AML患者免疫反应型124#,day14 FACS检测mini胶囊管中肿瘤组织(肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)的表型。b.day14 FACS分析两例AML患者124#(免疫反应型)和123#(免疫非反应型)患者中CD8+T在活细胞比例。
图17为(实施例5)a.热图展示两例AML患者day0转录组学差异基因信号通路;b.两例AML患者差异基因表达cluster中,肿瘤增殖水平、血管形成水平、中性粒细胞活性水平和效应(T)细胞水平biomarkers对比分析。
图18为(实施例5)两例AML患者差异基因中关键膜蛋白分子差异表达分析。
图19为(实施例5)两例AML患者基因组学CNV,mutation等分析。
图20为(实施例6)三例AML患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织(外周血、骨髓合并外周血)单细胞悬液(mini-capsule胶囊管)的表型检测。
图21为(实施例6)三例AML患者day14 CTG法检测胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测。
图22为(实施例6)三例患者day14 FACS检测mini胶囊管中肿瘤组织(肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)的表型。
图23为(实施例7)一例AML患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织(骨髓合并外周血)单细胞悬液(mini-capsule胶囊管)的表型检测。
图24为(实施例7)一例AML患者day14 CTG法检测胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测。
图25为(实施例7)一例患者day14 FACS检测mini胶囊管中肿瘤组织(肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)的比例。
图26为(实施例8)两例AML患者day0流式细胞术对肿瘤组织(骨髓)单细胞悬液(mini-capsule胶囊管)的表型检测。
图27为(实施例8)两例AML患者day10 CTG法检测胶囊管中总细胞(含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)活率检测,包括两个患者接种同一小鼠实验(两患一鼠)和经典的一个患者接种一只小鼠实验(一患一鼠)。
图28为(实施例8)两例患者day10 FACS检测mini胶囊管中肿瘤组织(肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞)的比例。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例1一例卵巢癌患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选和潜在biomarker鉴定
1、实验动物准备和样本采集
本实验从供应商订购6-8周龄的Balb/c Nude小鼠(购自江苏集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司),饲养于SPF级的动物房,实验开始前动物适应性饲养至少3天。
收取患者的新鲜肿瘤样本置于抗凝管中,用冷链(2-8℃)运输,并在短的时间内运输至中心实验室。
2、细胞的处理
除去患者肿瘤样本中的非肿瘤组织和坏死的组织,将肿瘤样本切成大小为1-2mm的组织块,用含有1%PSB(青链霉素+两性霉素B)的HBSS缓冲液进行冲洗离心并收集肿瘤组织块。使用1×胶原酶在37℃中消化1-2h。所述的分选方法如下:
用含有血清的培养基(RPMI1640,购自Gibco)终止消化,用70μM的滤网收集细胞悬液;1000rpm离心5min去除上清,收集细胞沉淀;使用3-5倍的红细胞裂解液(139.6mmol/LNH4Cl,16.96mmol/L Tris,用1mol/L HCl调pH至7.2),4℃裂解5min,1000rpm离心5min去除上清,收集细胞沉淀,反复裂红2次;含有1%FBS的PBS重悬细胞沉淀,1000rpm离心5min去除上清,收集细胞沉淀,并调整细胞浓度至1×108个/ml。
以20μl/107细胞的浓度加入Anti-CD45 MicroBeads human,或加入Anti-CD45MicroBeads human和Anti-Fibroblast MicroBeads human,室温孵育30min;加入含有1%FBS的PBS润洗磁珠,1000rpm离心5min去除上清,用1%FBS的PBS重悬细胞沉淀;将磁珠装在分选装置上(LS柱,Milternyi Biotec),用含有1%FBS的PBS清洗两次LS柱,分别收集从LS柱流下来的液体(肿瘤细胞),和LS柱中的细胞(富集的免疫细胞);收集的细胞悬液1000rpm离心5min去除上清,用细胞培养液(购自Gibco)重悬,计数。
一般情况下,肿瘤组织需加入Anti-CD45 MicroBeads human和Anti-FibroblastMicroBeads human两种microbeads进行纯化,保留肿瘤组织微环境中的免疫细胞和基质成纤维细胞。然而,当某一些肿瘤组织内部免疫细胞浸润过多,超过一半比例时,比如实体瘤胸腹水转移样本,则可以仅仅加入CD45抗体microbeads进行富集免疫细胞。
3、流式检测及数据分析
分别取纯化前的患者肿瘤组织样本的单细胞悬液,纯化后的肿瘤细胞和富集的免疫细胞(含CD3+T),再配置不同的一定比例(1.5:1-15:1)的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的混合悬液,各约0.1M-0.3M(million,百万细胞)。将各个样本悬液根据实验目的分成多份,并加入相应的流式抗体混合液以及设置好对照的补偿实验组,比如直接标记,2-8℃避光孵育25-30min。针对卵巢癌初步FACS panel如下:7AAD,CD45,CD3,CD8,CD270,PD1,CD68或CD25等抗体。
在抗体标记完成后加入含有2%FBS的PBS,在4℃,600g离心5min,去除上清;加入250μl 2%FBS(购自Gibco)的PBS重悬细胞沉淀进行流式上机检测。流式检测的数据分析通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
4、细胞装管
在生物安全柜中取出胶囊装置,即直径为1-2mm的PVDF管,平均孔径通透大小约为500KDa分子量,灌装细胞悬液前PVDF管经过无水乙醇激活(或甲醇等激活),超纯水冲洗和高压灭菌等处理。取其中1.5cm长度的胶囊管,用细胞培养液(购自Gibco)反复冲洗。
根据流式分析,将CD45-肿瘤细胞和CD3+淋巴细胞按照一定(1.5:1-15:1)的比例,同时满足CD8+T细胞占所有活细胞0.5%以上,进行混匀后装入PVDF管中,密封。
5、接种和给药
用穿刺针将上述中的PVDF管随机接种至小鼠皮下,伤口用医用组织胶(购自3M)进行粘合,并随机设置对照组和给药组(例如1.紫杉醇,顺铂和Avastin/Bevacizumab;2.PD1抗体;3.PD1抗体联合PARP inhibitor尼拉帕尼;4.尼拉帕尼),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。
6、细胞活力和表型检测
给药3-21天后(day 10),安乐死小鼠,取出PVDF管,使用CellTiter-Glo化学发光法对细胞的活力进行定量测定,通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型,并通过分子生物学方法(RNA-seq,DNA-seq技术)检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的分子生物学信息的改变情况。
7、数据分析
流式(FACS)筛选day0:初始肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型鉴定,胶囊中混合细胞的流式数据提示,CD45-肿瘤细胞:CD45+CD3+T免疫细胞=1.6:1,CD8+%=3.1%,同时肿瘤内部的T淋巴细胞,尤其是CD8-活化细胞高表达PD1分子,而CD8+T也弱表达CD270和PD1两个免疫检查点分子,如图2所示。
体内实验终点day10:根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图3所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,计算出待测药物的药效结果。
体内实验结点day10:通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型差异(如图4所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析。Day10的CTG和FACS检测表明,不论在PD1单药组,还是跟PARP抑制剂联合用药组,PD1抗体能有效调动患者自体免疫细胞来抑制卵巢癌肿瘤细胞的增殖和代谢,其中伴随着PD1分子被PD1抗体的阻断和下调,CD270分子(HVEM)出现了一定程度的上调,不论在PD1单药组还是跟PARP抑制剂联合用药组。
通过分子生物学方法(DNA-seq,RNA-seq技术等组学技术)检测临床样本day0或day10中PVDF胶囊管内的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的分子生物学信息的改变情况。
因此,本发明提供了“艾五”(Immuno-Oncology Fast In Vivo Efficacy test)技术用于免疫药物快速筛选的方法,此方法亦使用于以下各实施例。
实施例2一例卵巢癌患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选和潜在biomarker鉴定
1、实验动物准备、样本采集、细胞处理、流式检测和数据分析方法以及细胞封管要求同实施例1。
2、接种和给药
用穿刺针将上述中的PVDF管随机接种至小鼠皮下,伤口用医用组织胶(购自3M)进行粘合,并随机设置对照组和给药组(比如1.紫杉醇,顺铂和Bevacizumab联合治疗;2.PD1抗体;3.PD1抗体联合Bevacizumab;4.PD1抗体联合顺铂),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。
3、细胞活力和表型检测
给药3-21天后(day 10),安乐死小鼠,取出PVDF管,通过CellTiter-Glo化学发光法对细胞的活力进行定量测定,并通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和基础表型。
4、数据分析
流式FACS筛选day0:初始肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型鉴定,胶囊中混合细胞的流式数据提示,CD45-肿瘤细胞:CD45+CD3+T免疫细胞约为2.91:1,活细胞中CD8+%为0.81%。肿瘤内部的浸润T淋巴细胞,弱表达PD1分子,但是明显高表达CD270。(如图5所示)。
体内实验节点day10,根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图6所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,进而计算出待测药物的药效结果。
体内实验节点day10:通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型差异(如图7所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析和统计。
基于图6和图7的实验结果,除了紫杉醇,顺铂和Bevacizumab联合药物组,day10胶囊管中的活细胞CD45-的肿瘤细胞至少占据一半;PD1单药组,或者联合靶向药物Bevacizumab或联合顺铂化药组,相对于对照组,均能显著抑制肿瘤组织总体活率(包含肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞),并且随着肿瘤进展,CD270+PD1+双阳性TIL富集于mini-capsule胶囊中,在PD1单药组中呈现出下调趋势。结合实施例1的流式数据分型表明,实体瘤中CD270分子有效表达,很可能是免疫检查点抑制剂PD1抗体治疗的积极biomarker,哪怕在PD1表达初始微弱而CD270显著表达的患者,仍然对免疫治疗具有良好应答。
通过分子生物学方法(DNA-seq,RNA-seq技术等组学技术)检测临床样本day0或day10中PVDF胶囊管内的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的分子生物学信息的改变情况。
实施例3一例卵巢癌患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选
1、实验动物、样本采集、细胞处理同实施例1
2、流式检测及数据分析
QC鉴定:分别取纯化前的患者肿瘤组织样本的单细胞悬液,纯化后的肿瘤细胞,柱子中洗脱的富集的免疫细胞(含CD3+T),纯化后肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞按照一定比例(1.5:1-15:1)混合的悬液(需要注意的是,经柱子洗脱的免疫细胞,如果活率低于20%,则不能进行下游实验和操作,尤其是活化的免疫细胞更容易经历活化诱导的细胞凋亡),各约0.1M-0.3M,将各个样本悬液根据实验目的分成多份,并加入相应的流式抗体混合液以及设置好对照的补偿实验组,比如直接标记,2-8℃避光孵育25-30min。针对卵巢癌初步FACS panel如下:7AAD,CD45,CD3,CD8,CD270,PD1,CD68或CD25等抗体。
在抗体标记完成后加入含有2%FBS的PBS,在4℃,600g离心5min,去除上清;加入250μl 2%FBS(购自Gibco)的PBS重悬细胞沉淀进行流式上机检测。流式检测的数据分析通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
3、细胞装管
基本操作步骤同实施例1。
将根据步骤流式中分析的数据,将CD45-肿瘤细胞和CD3+T细胞按照一定(1.5:1-15:1)的比例,同时满足CD8+T细胞占所有活细胞0.5%以上,进行混匀后装入PVDF管中,密封。在该例实施例,纯化前的肿瘤样本也进行封管和实验。
4、接种和给药
用穿刺针将上述中的PVDF管随机接种至小鼠皮下,伤口用医用组织胶(购自3M)进行粘合,并随机设置对照组和给药组(比如1.紫杉醇,顺铂和Bevacizumab联合治疗;2.PD1抗体;3.PD1抗体联合Parp inhibitor Niraparib;4.PARP inhibitor Niraparib),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。
5、细胞活力和表型检测
给药3-21天后(day 10),安乐死小鼠,取出PVDF管,通过CellTiter-Glo化学发光法对细胞的活力进行定量测定,并通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和基础表型。
6、数据分析
流式FACS筛选day0:初始肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型鉴定,(1)纯化前的肿瘤组织中,肿瘤细胞CD45-和CD3+T细胞的比值(C/T)=0.3,CD8+T%=11.5,即该患者肿瘤样本中富含TIL;(2)纯化后的肿瘤组织细胞,仅仅含有2.84%免疫细胞,其C/T值=49.1,CD8+%=0.448%;(3)纯化后的免疫细胞群体总活力约为43%,保留了纯化之前的基础细胞表型;(4)肿瘤组织样本添加免疫细胞后的C/T值为8,CD8+%=2.45%。肿瘤内部的浸润T淋巴细胞,弱表达CD270分子,高表达PD1分子,提示可能对于PD1抗体有较好的应答。(如图8所示)。
体内实验结点day10,根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图9所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,进而计算出待测药物的药效结果。
体内实验结点day10:通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型差异(如图10所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析和统计。
基于图9和图10的实验结果,day10的mini-capsule中,不论是纯化前的肿瘤组织样本还是肿瘤样本添加自体TIL的样本,均以CD45-的肿瘤细胞为主,CD45-细胞约为CD45+细胞的2-3倍(图10);在纯化前的肿瘤组织样本CTG数据提示,包括临床一线药物在内的治疗,均不能显著降低该组织样本的总细胞活率;而肿瘤样本添加自体TIL细胞之后,临床一线药物组合能微弱地降低该样本总体细胞活率,尽管单药的PD1抗体或者PARP抑制剂均不能抑制肿瘤组织总体活率,但PD1抗体和PARP抑制剂的联合用药却能显著抑制肿瘤组织总体的增殖和活性(图9)。有趣的是,PD1抗体和PARP抑制剂联合用药,能显著提高CD270+PD1-T细胞亚群比例,相对地降低PD1+CD270-,PD1-CD270-的T细胞比例(图10),再次提示CD270分子可能是PD1抗体治疗的潜在指示性biomarker。
实施例4一例肺癌患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选
1、实验动物、样本采集和细胞的处理同实施例1
2、流式检测及数据分析
分别取纯化前的患者肿瘤组织样本的单细胞悬液,纯化后的肿瘤细胞和富集的免疫细胞,再配置不同的一定比例(1.5:1-15:1)的肿瘤细胞和CD3+T细胞的混合悬液,各约0.1M-0.3M。将各个样本悬液根据实验目的分成多份,并加入相应的流式抗体混合液以及设置好对照的补偿实验组,比如直接标记,2-8℃避光孵育25-30min。针对该肺癌患者的初步FACS panel如下:7AAD,CD45,CD3,CD8等。在抗体标记完成后加入含有2%FBS的PBS,在4℃,600g离心5min,去除上清;加入250μl 2%FBS(购自Gibco)的PBS重悬细胞沉淀进行流式上机检测。流式检测的数据分析:通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
3、细胞装管
在生物安全柜中取出胶囊装置,即直径为1-2mm的PVDF管,平均孔径通透大小约为500KDa分子量,灌装细胞悬液前PVDF管经过无水乙醇激活,超纯水冲洗和高压灭菌等处理。取其中1.5cm长度的胶囊管,用细胞培养液(购自Gibco)反复冲洗。
根据流式结果,将肿瘤细胞和CD3+淋巴细胞按照一定(1.5:1-15:1)的比例(同时CD8+T细胞占所有活细胞0.5%以上)进行混匀后装入PVDF管中,密封。
4、接种和给药
用穿刺针将上述中的PVDF管随机接种至小鼠皮下,伤口用医用组织胶(购自3M)进行粘合,并随机设置对照组和给药组(比如1.PD1抗体;2.PD1抗体联合HDAC抑制剂Chidamide),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。
5、细胞活力和表型检测
给药3-21天后(day 14),安乐死小鼠,取出PVDF管,通过CellTiter-Glo化学发光法对细胞的活力进行定量测定,并通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和基础表型。
6、数据分析
流式FACS筛选day0:初始肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型鉴定,胶囊中混合细胞的流式数据提示,CD45-肿瘤细胞:CD45+CD3+T免疫细胞约为15:1,CD8+%=2.2%(如图11所示)。
体内实验结点day14,根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图12所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,进而计算出待测药物的药效结果。
体内实验结点:通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型差异(如图13所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
基于图12和图13的实验结果,在day14胶囊管中的活细胞仍旧以CD45-的肿瘤细胞为主体,约占60-75%;PD1抗体处理之后,尽管其能促进CD8+T细胞的存活,却不能使肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的总细胞活力下调;当PD1抗体联合HDAC抑制剂Chidamide之后,能显著降低总细胞活性(ATP活性)。因此,该例肺癌患者不适合单用PD1抗体治疗,而推荐使用免疫治疗和化学靶向药物联合治疗。
实施例5两例急性髓系白血病AML患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选和潜在biomarkers鉴定
1、实验动物和样本采集
本实验从供应商订购6-8周龄的Balb/c Nude小鼠(购自江苏集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司),饲养于SPF级的动物房,实验开始前动物适应性饲养至少3天。
收取两例AML患者的新鲜外周血(AML患者急性期)样本置于抗凝管中,用冷链(2-8℃)运输,并在短的时间内运输至中心实验室。
2、细胞的处理
把不同患者的外周血样本转移至生物安全柜中,将密度为1.077g/mL的梯度离心胶(购自SIGMA)恢复室温之后,加入两个新的离心管中,将两份患者的外周血样本分别加入其中1个离心管,将上述液体缓慢放入离心机中,温度设为20-25℃(室温),升速降速均为1或0,400g,20min;离心结束,缓慢移动离心管,取中层云雾状细胞层(含有大量单个核细胞),用15ml PBS(购自Gibco)清洗,1500rpm,离心5min去上清,正常细胞悬液离心;如有需要加入3-5倍的红细胞裂解液(购自Invitrogen)裂解5min,1500rpm,离心5min去上清;用细胞培养液(购自Gibco)重悬计数。
3、流式检测及数据分析
分别取0.3M的外周血细胞,根据实验目的选择不同流式抗体进行染色和补偿设置,2-8℃避光孵育25-30min进行抗体标记,AML患者常用的流式Panel:7AAD,CD45,CD3,CD8,CD33,CD38,CD20,CD25或PD1。在抗体标记完成后加入含有2%FBS(购自Gibco)的PBS(购自Gibco),在4℃,600g离心5min,去除上清;加入250μl 2%FBS的PBS(购自Gibco)重悬细胞沉淀在流式细胞仪上检测。流式检测的数据分析:流式检测的数据分析通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
4、细胞装管
在生物安全柜中取出胶囊装置,即直径为1-2mm的PVDF管(材料平均孔径大小约为300kDa-700kDa,允许大分子蛋白等出入,但不能允许细胞自由进出),灌装细胞悬液前PVDF管经过无水乙醇激活,超纯水冲洗和高压灭菌等处理。取其中1.5cm长度的胶囊管,用细胞培养液(购自Gibco)反复冲洗。
将根据步骤(4)流式中分析的,进行质控分析,满足CD8+T细胞比例至少大于0.5%(免疫药物作用的基础值),以及肿瘤细胞(或者非CD45high SSC-Alow细胞)和CD45high SSC-AlowCD3+T淋巴细胞按照一定的比例(1.5:1-15:1)进行混匀后装入PVDF管中,密封。
5、接种和给药
用穿刺针将上述中的PVDF管随机接种至小鼠皮下,伤口用医用组织胶(购自3M)进行粘合,并随机设置对照组和不同给药组(比如PD1抗体,CD38抗体Dara,靶向药物Bcl2抑制剂Venetoclax,HDAC抑制剂Chidamide等单药或组合),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。
6、细胞活力和表型检测
给药3-21天后(比如day14),安乐死小鼠,取出PVDF管,通过CellTiter-Glo化学发光法对总细胞的活力进行定量测定;通过流式细胞仪检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型改变;通过分子生物学方法(RNA-seq,DNA-seq技术等)检测临床样本day0或day10中PVDF胶囊管内的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的分子生物学信息的改变情况。
7、数据分析
流式分选day0:两例AML患者(123#,124#)初始肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和表型鉴定(如图14所示)。123#患者CD8+T细胞占所有活细胞的0.21%(推测该患者可能对PD1抗体不太敏感),C/T(CD45lowCD33+CD38+肿瘤细胞和CD3+T的比值)约15:1(还存在着更多的CD38-的肿瘤细胞),而124#患者CD8+T%约3.48%,C/T值约为6:1。
Day14 CTG实验根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图15所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,进而计算出待测药物的药效结果。
Day14流式细胞术检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例;比较药物组和对照组中的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的差异(如图16所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
通过以上Day14 CTG和FACS数据分析,123#患者和124#患者第14天,胶囊管中的活细胞仍旧以CD45-/low的肿瘤细胞(如AML cancer blasts)占绝大多数,约有5%-10%左右的CD45high SSC-Alow的淋巴细胞(图16的a以124#为例)。124号患者(Immune Responder)对于check point inhibitor PD1抗体呈现了良好的应答(图12中CTG抑制效果超过一半),跟其day0拥有高水平的CD8+T细胞相吻合,显著地降低了AML blasts占活细胞比率,同时相对性提高了CD3+CD8+的比例(图16的b),而这种现象在123#(Immune Non-responder)患者中没有出现。另外,具有抗体依赖细胞毒功能(ADCC)和抗体依赖的促进巨噬细胞吞噬功能(ADCP)的CD38抗体,也在该体系中得到了一定的反应性,尽管效果相对弱于PD1抗体,这个跟124#患者癌细胞高表达CD38抗原密切相关,而对CD38-Ab单药不应答的123#患者仅仅是弱表达CD38,约10.7%(图14)。因此,在该体系中day0免疫细胞的采集过程中也是保留了NK细胞和单核巨噬细胞的活性和功能,两者均是CD45+。
8、生物学信息分析
通过分子生物学方法(RNA-seq和DNA-seq)检测day0 PVDF胶囊管内的患者肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞总体的生物信息学指纹,用于寻找可能跟该患者对免疫药物反应性的biomarkers,揭示疾病发生发展的分子病理生理学基础。
RNA-seq分析两例患者转录组差异:
(1)差异基因信号通路分析:如图17的a和b所示,123号免疫无应答型患者,肿瘤增值活性高(如CCDN1,PLK1,MCM2),肿瘤微环境重塑能力也强,新生血管相关markers表达高(如VEGFC,ANGPT2,FLT1,VWF),同时T细胞尤其效应性T细胞功能低下。124号免疫应答型患者,肿瘤自身的增殖和血管形成能力较低,而T细胞(如IFNγ)和中性粒细胞(ELANE,MPO,PRTN3)如等效应功能相对强大。
(2)AML患者免疫治疗的潜在关键性Biomarkers发现(膜蛋白子集):如图18所示,膜蛋白差异性表达分析发现,相对于124号免疫应答型患者,免疫无应答性123号患者则显著表达较高水平的促癌基因或癌症易感基因(ITGA4,ITGA2B,ITGB3,PDLIM1,ADA,CAVIN1,CAVIN2,C3orf14,TEC,EPCAM,CD109等),免疫抑制相关基因(CSF1,CD274/PDL1)等有利于肿瘤发生发展的膜蛋白,以及尚未报道的新型肿瘤靶向分子,包括SLC9A3R2(SLC9A3regulator 2),PIGW(phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class W),CDH26(cadherin 26)和PPP1R16B(protein phosphatase1regulatory subunit 16B)。该四个膜分子,可能不仅仅是血液性肿瘤biomarkers,也是广谱性肿瘤发生发展的主要潜在性biomarkers。
DNA-seq分析两例AML患者基因组学差异:
如图19所示,WES-CNV信号变异很大,没有提示明显的缺失(deletion)和扩增(amplification);AML相关已知的biomarker暂未发现阳性,包括融合基因(ABL1-BCR,CRLF2,JAK2-BRAF,NOTCH1),突变基因(FBXW7,JAK1,KRAS,NOTCH1,NPM1,FLT3,KIT,CEBPA)等。即两例患者在基因组层面上,没有发现已有被报道基因的关键突变。
实施例6三例急性髓系白血病AML患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选和潜在biomarkers鉴定
1、实验动物准备实施例5。
2、样本采集
收取三例AML患者的新鲜外周血和(或)骨髓(AML患者急性期)样本置于抗凝管中,用冷链(2-8℃)运输,并在短的时间内运输至中心实验室。
3、细胞的处理,流式检测同实施例5。
4、细胞装管
与实施例4类似。其中部分患者骨髓样本和血液样本按照4:1-5:1进行混合,保证肿瘤肿瘤组织样本中含有循环外周血细胞,以期最大限度模拟人体微环境功能。根据流式细胞术数据,进行质控分析,满足CD8+T细胞细胞比例至少大于0.5%(免疫药物作用的基础值),以及肿瘤细胞(或者非CD45high SSC-Alow细胞)和CD45high SSC-AlowCD3+T淋巴细胞按照一定的比例(C/T=1.5:1-15:1),进行混匀后装入PVDF管中,密封。
5、接种和给药
同实施例4,并随机设置对照组和不同给药组(如CD38抗体,CD38抗体联合PD1抗体,PD1抗体联合decitabine,PD1抗体),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。
6、数据分析
流式分选FACS day0:如图20所示,128#患者血液C/T(CD38+Cancer/CD3+T)=4,其骨髓和血液混合样本C/T=7.5;129#患者血液C/T=1.1(尽管更多的cancer blasts不表达CD38,也就是说实际上该例患者C/T值大于1.5),其骨髓和血液混合样本C/T=5.3;131#骨髓样本C/T=4.5。该三例患者的髓系肿瘤细胞均高表达CD38分子(约70%-80%),而且CD8+T%也在1%到10%。
Day14 CTG实验根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图21所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,进而计算出待测药物的药效结果。
Day14流式细胞术检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例;比较药物组和对照组中的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的差异(如图22所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
根据图20,图21和图22结果提示,尽管三例患者均是高表达CD38靶蛋白,但是128#和129#患者几乎不对CD38抗体有显著应答效果(图21提示,活细胞总数并没有在药物处理后下降;图22提示,cancer blasts仍然在mini-capsule中占据优势比例),而131#患者却具有良好的应答反应(图19)。另外尽管三例患者骨髓和/或血液中也富含TIL细胞(约5%-17%),但仅有131#患者,针对PD1抗体有较好的应答反应,尤其是PD1抗体联合decitabine(5aza)组合。
通过分子生物学方法(RNA-seq和DNA-seq)检测day0或day14 PVDF胶囊管内的患者肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞总体的生物信息学指纹,用于发现和评估该患者对免疫药物敏感和抵抗的biomarkers。
实施例7一例急性髓系白血病AML患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选
1、实验动物同实施例5
2、样本采集
收取一例AML患者的新鲜外周血和骨髓(AML患者急性期)样本置于抗凝管中,用冷链(2-8℃)运输,并在短的时间内运输至中心实验室。
3、细胞的处理、流式检测及数据分析同实施例5
4、细胞装管
与实施例6类似,该患者骨髓样本和血液样本按照4:1-5:1进行混合,保证肿瘤肿瘤组织样本中含有循环外周血细胞,以期最大限度模拟人体微环境功能。根据流式细胞术数据质控分析,发现CD8+T%=0.466%(接近阈值0.5%),以及肿瘤细胞(CD38+CD33+肿瘤细胞)和CD45high SSC-AlowCD3+T比值=8(属于C/T=1.5:1-15:1范围),进行下游探索性实验,样本装入PVDF管中,密封。
5、接种和给药
同实施例4,并随机设置对照组和不同给药组(如bcl2 inhibitor Venetoclax,CD38抗体,CD38抗体联合Chidamide,CD38抗体联合5AZA,CD38抗体联合Venetoclax,PD1抗体,PD1抗体联合5AZA等),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。
6、细胞活力和表型检测同实施例5
7、数据分析
流式分选FACS day0:如图23所示,160#患者骨髓和血液混合样本C/T=8(尽管更多的肿瘤细胞不表达CD38,也就是说实际上该例患者C/T值远大于8),CD8+T%=0.466%。
Day14 CTG实验根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图24所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,进而计算出待测药物的药效结果。
Day14流式细胞术检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例;比较药物组和对照组中的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的差异(如图25所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
根据day14的流式和CTG结果提示,mini-capsule中主要以CD45low/-肿瘤前体/祖细胞为主,淋巴细胞群体约占20%,所有测试药物中没有一种药物能够显著抑制肿瘤组织群体的细胞活性。该实验提示,高C/T比值(>>8)和低CD8+%(<0.5%)可能是导致该例患者对免疫治疗的不应答。
实施例8同一小鼠接种多例(两例)急性髓系白血病AML患者免疫药物治疗的快速功能筛选
1、实验动物同实施例4.
2、样本采集
收取两例AML患者的新鲜骨髓样本置于抗凝管中,用冷链(2-8℃)运输,并在短的时间内运输至中心实验室。
3、细胞的处理、流式检测及数据分析、细胞装管同实施例4.
4、接种和给药
设置同一小鼠内接种两例患者骨髓细胞的胶囊,分别皮下接种于小鼠背部两侧,每一位患者各3个mini胶囊管(两患一鼠),并随机分组小鼠,设置对照组和给药组(如CD38抗体,PD1抗体),并对给药组小鼠进行给药。同时采用传统方法分别开展独立的对照和给药实验(一患一鼠)并留取部分mini胶囊管day10做FACS检测。
5、细胞活力和表型检测同实施例4.
6、数据分析
流式分选day0:如图26所示,228#患者骨髓C/T(CD38+Cancer/CD3+T)=12,CD8+%=0.57(较高C/T值和低CD8+%比重,提示该例患者针对T细胞的免疫治疗可能不应答);232#患者骨髓C/T=8.5,CD8+%=0.85%。两例患者CD3+T比重均较低,加之PD1和CD270标志物表达也非常微弱,提示PD1抗体治疗疗效可能不佳。
Day10 CTG实验根据对照组中细胞的活力值(如图27所示),计算出给药组中所有细胞的增殖活力,进而计算出待测药物的药效结果。
Day10流式细胞术检测PVDF管中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例;比较药物组和对照组中的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的差异(如图28所示)。检测结果通过Flowjo软件进行分析。
根据day10 CTG和FACS结果提示,两例患者胶囊中主要还是以CD45-肿瘤细胞占绝大多数(如图28)。228号AML患者对CD38抗体治疗敏感,总细胞活性被抑制约一半(图27)且CD45-肿瘤细胞和CD45+免疫细胞比值较对照组也降低(图28),而232号患者则没有对CD38抗体发生显著反应性,尽管其也是较高表发CD38抗原(图26和图27,这种应答差异性的原因,不排除是患者CD38肿瘤抗原密度不同,骨髓髓系免疫细胞,如NK,单核巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的ADCC、ADCP等功能差异所导致);两例患者均对PD1抗体没有应答,跟我们早期预测符合,可能由于患者肿瘤微环境中PD1+CD3+T细胞极少(图26和图27)。另外,两例患者同一小鼠模型的药物敏感性检测,跟我们传统的一例患者接种一只小鼠的模型数据也是一致的(图27)。因此,针对免疫药物体内药效快速筛选,为了节约成本和资源,可以利用同一小鼠荷载多位患者胶囊进行测试,既可按照不同接种部位(本实验),也可以按照,不同胶囊尺寸大小,甚至颜色进行区分和示踪。
总结该免疫学药物功能性体内筛选方法的重要意义:
(1)实施例1、实施例2和实施例3的数据提示:该方法能良好发现,部分初始PD1/PDL1表达微弱的富含TIL的卵巢癌患者,能对PD1抗体拥有良好的应答。肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞CD270显著表达或差异改变,也很可能是PD1抗体治疗的一个biomarker(目前尚未有研究报道)。哪怕肿瘤组织中PD1表达丰富,如果肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的比例和丰度失衡,也能影响到免疫治疗的响应,而免疫治疗和靶向治疗的联合,可能是克服单药治疗不应答的有效途径(实施例4也支持了该论点)。
(2)实施例5、实施例6和实施例7的数据提示:该方法能良好地筛选并区分CD38+/high和(或)TIL enriched血液瘤患者(如AML)对CD38抗体或PD1抗体的体内免疫应答的差异反应。除了发现已知的重要促癌/肿瘤易感基因外(这些已经被报道的促癌基因约占我们分析的膜分子总体差异基因的90%以上,间接证明了该模型的可靠性),还找到了新的潜在性诊疗靶点:SLC9A3R2(SLC9A3 regulator 2)、PIGW(phosphatidylinositol glycananchor biosynthesis class W)、CDH26(cadherin 26)和PPP1R16B(proteinphosphatase1regulatory subunit 16B)。因此,快速功能性实验介导的组学分析,有利于新靶点的发现和研究。
(3)实施案例8提示,同一小鼠能荷载多例同种疾病患者的肿瘤胶囊,进行免疫学药物的快速体内筛选,结果跟传统免疫缺陷小鼠荷载一例患者的药效敏感实验是一致的,有利于节约成本,提高效能。
Claims (10)
1.一种容纳有细胞的PVDF胶囊管,其特征在于,所述细胞包括单细胞悬液化的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞;其中,
所述肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞源自临床患者的新鲜肿瘤组织或体液;
优选地,所述肿瘤组织包括临床手术切除的肿瘤组织或活检的肿瘤组织;
所述体液包括血液、骨髓、胸腹水和脑脊液中的一种或多种。
2.如权利要求1所述的胶囊管,其特征在于,所述胶囊管的平均蛋白通透性为300-1000Kda,优选为500-700Kda。
3.如权利要求1所述的胶囊管,其特征在于,所述胶囊管使用前需经激活、超纯水冲洗和高压灭菌处理,激活方式优选为无水乙醇。
4.如权利要求1所述的胶囊管,其特征在于,所述免疫细胞为单细胞悬液经过分选所富集的自体免疫细胞,所述肿瘤细胞为单细胞悬液经过分选时流穿的肿瘤细胞;其中,
所述单细胞悬液源自患者实体肿瘤组织中的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞,和/或,患者外周血中的外周血单核细胞;
所述分选时使用的分选设备包括:
(1)分选磁珠,优选Anti-CD45 MicroBeads human,或Anti-CD45 MicroBeads human和Anti-Fibroblast MicroBeads human;
(2)分选装置,优选LS柱。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的胶囊管,其特征在于,所述肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的比例范围为1.5:1-15:1,优选为1.5:1-9:1。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的胶囊管,其特征在于,所述免疫细胞中的CD8+T细胞所占百分比为0.5%以上,优选为0.5%-15%;和/或,所述免疫细胞的活率>20%。
7.一种动物模型,其特征在于,所述动物模型优选在皮下或原位含有如权利要求1-6任一项所述的胶囊管;
优选地,所述动物为小鼠;
更优选地,所述小鼠为免疫缺陷性小鼠,例如:Balb/c Nude小鼠,NCG小鼠,NSG小鼠或Nod-scid小鼠。
8.如权利要求7所述的动物模型,其特征在于,所述胶囊管的个数为1-8个。
9.一种快速筛选免疫调节药物药效的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
(1)对权利要求7或8所述的动物模型施用待测药物;其中,
所述待测药物为免疫调节药物,其包括固体、半固体和液体的一种或多种;
所述待测药物的给药方式包括静脉注射、口服灌胃、腹腔注射和皮下注射的一种或多种;
(2)检测胶囊管内肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的总细胞活性或免疫细胞活性,肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相对比例和细胞表型;其中,
所述总细胞活性或免疫细胞活性检测优选CTG法;
所述相对比例和细胞表型检测优选流式(FACS);
(3)检测胶囊管内肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的分子生物学信息;其中,
所述生物学信息检测优选DNA-seq,和/或,RNA-seq;其中,步骤(2)和(3)无先后顺序;
较佳地,步骤(2)中,所述FACS包括以下步骤中的一种或多种:
抗体标记,其中所述抗体包括7AAD,CD45,CD3,CD8,CD270,CD33,CD38,CD20,PDL1,PD1,CD68和CD25中的一种或多种;
流式检测,所述FACS在所述抗体标记完成后加入含有2%FBS的PBS后上机检测;
软件数据分析,所述软件优选Flowjo。
10.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的胶囊管在制备快速筛选免疫调节药物药效的动物模型中的应用,其特征在于;
优选地,所述动物模型优选为免疫缺陷小鼠;
更优选地,所述动物模型可同时对1-8位患者进行药物筛选,优选为1-4位患者。
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