CN117655756A - Manufacturing process of high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(2+) Chemical compound [Be+2] PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021244 Co2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000019693 Lung disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing process of a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod, which belongs to the technical field of alloy rod manufacturing and comprises the following steps: s1, proportioning raw materials, S2, smelting, S3, casting, S4, hot extrusion, S5, cold drawing, S6, aging heat treatment, S7, straightening and sawing, wherein the copper alloy rod comprises the following components in percentage by mass: co:1.5-3.5%, si:0.4-1.2%, and the balance Cu; the copper alloy bar stock has high conductivity, high hardness, high strength and good wear resistance, the conductivity reaches 55 percent IACS, the hardness reaches 250HB, and the room temperature strength reaches 750Mpa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper alloy rod manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing process of a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod.
Background
In recent years, copper alloy bars with high conductivity, high strength and high wear resistance are increasingly widely applied to connectors, so that the stability of the connectors can be improved, and the service lives of the connectors can be prolonged.
Meanwhile, the high-current test probe in the battery composition cabinet of the new energy automobile also uses a copper alloy bar stock as the probe head. The copper alloy bar is required to have high conductivity, high hardness and high wear resistance. The service life of the probe can be prolonged.
Most of the materials used for the existing high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance connector and the high-current probe head bar are CuNiBe, and the application is wide. However, the CuNiBe alloy material has high production cost, and most importantly, the beryllium element is toxic, and each cubic meter of air contains 1 milligram of the beryllium element, so that people can suffer from acute pneumonia-beryllium lung disease, and the production and application of the beryllium element are careful treatment to prevent the beryllium element from polluting the environment and endangering the health of the people. Therefore, the application of the CuNiBe material is limited, so that a material is needed to replace the CuNiBe material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a manufacturing process of a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a manufacturing process of a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material proportion:
respectively weighing and mixing an electrolytic copper plate, a metal cobalt block and a simple substance silicon block to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block in the mixed raw material are respectively in weight percentage: co:1.5-3.5%, si:0.4-1.2%, and the balance Cu;
s2, smelting:
adding the mixed raw materials obtained in the step S1 into a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1350-1400 ℃, the smelting duration is 45-60min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace in the smelting process is less than 5Pa, the surface of a melt is protected by a covering agent, and the melt is obtained after smelting is completed;
s3, casting:
casting the melt obtained in the step S2, wherein the casting temperature is 1250-1350 ℃, and an ingot is obtained after casting is completed;
s4, hot extrusion:
heating the cast ingot obtained in the step S3 by a power frequency induction heating furnace, performing forward hot extrusion after heating to 850-950 ℃, obtaining a rod material after the forward hot extrusion is completed, taking the rod material out of an extrusion die, rapidly cooling the rod material in water, and collecting the rod material into a coil form by a winding machine after cooling;
s5, cold drawing:
drawing the rod material obtained in the step S4 on a rod drawing machine, and obtaining a rod material after drawing is completed;
s6, aging heat treatment:
performing aging treatment on the bar stock obtained in the step S5 in a tubular annealing furnace to obtain an aged bar stock;
s7, correcting and sawing:
straightening the aged bar obtained in the step S6 in a copper alloy bar straightening machine, and sawing according to the production required size after the straightness reaches 1m/m to obtain a finished alloy bar.
Further, the adding amount of the covering agent in the step S2 is 0.1-0.3% of the total mass of the melt, and the covering agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 1-10% of carbon black, 0.1-1% of NaCl, 5-30% of CaO, 5-30% of MgO and 5-10% of CaF 2 The balance of vermiculite powder.
Description: the covering agent can effectively prevent the contact of metal and oxygen in the air, avoid the occurrence of oxidation reaction, and effectively prevent the contact of the metal and the oxygen in the air, and avoid the occurrence of oxidation reaction.
Further, the principle of casting is that the casting is firstly carried out with the thickness of 0.2-0.3m 3 Casting speed/min to cast ingot1/3 of the volume, and 0.4-0.5m 3 Pouring in the casting process for 2/3 of the volume of the cast ingot at a speed of 0.25-0.35m 3 The casting speed per min was such that a complete ingot was cast.
Description: the speed is slowed down later in the casting in order to ensure adequate feeding.
Further, in the step S4, when the diameter of the extrusion rod is larger than 20mm, single-hole extrusion is adopted, and when the diameter of the extrusion rod is smaller than 20mm, double-hole extrusion is adopted, the extrusion speed is 8-15mm/S, and when the thickness of the cast ingot is the rest 20-25mm, the extrusion is not carried out.
Description: by hot extrusion, the lattice structure of the metal material can be improved, so that the mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, toughness and the like of the metal material are improved, and the metal material can be melted and resolidified to a certain extent in the hot extrusion process, so that the density of the metal material is improved.
Further, the number of drawing passes in the step S5 is 3-7, the drawing deformation amount of each pass is 10-15%, and the accumulated deformation amount is 40-70%.
Description: the cold drawing can improve the crystal lattice structure of the metal material by stretching the metal material, so that the strength and the hardness of the metal material are improved, and the crystal grains of the metal material can be thinned, so that the toughness and the ductility of the metal material are improved.
Further, the aging treatment method in the step S6 is as follows: firstly, loading the bar stock into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing the tubular annealing furnace until the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, filling Ar gas for atmosphere protection after vacuumizing, starting heating after Ar gas filling, heating to 450-500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3.5-5.5h, keeping the temperature for heat preservation, and discharging after cooling to 80 ℃ along with the furnace.
Description: the metal material is naturally cooled at a certain temperature and time through aging treatment, so that the residual stress is eliminated, and the stability and reliability of the material are improved.
Further, after the filling of the Ar gas is completed, the vacuum degree in the tubular annealing furnace is-3 to-5 Pa, and the purity of the Ar gas is more than or equal to 95 percent.
Description: in the aging treatment process, if the argon contains impurities such as oxygen, water vapor and the like, the impurities react with some elements in the material to generate compounds such as oxides, hydroxides and the like, so that the structure and the performance of the material are affected, and therefore, in the aging treatment process, the high-purity argon can be effectively avoided, and the aging treatment effect is improved.
Further, the purity of the electrolytic copper plate in the step S1 is more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
Description: the impurity content in the electrolytic copper plate affects the physical properties of the copper alloy, such as hardness, strength, ductility, etc. The high-purity electrolytic copper plate can ensure the physical properties of copper alloy.
Further, in the step S4, after heating by a power frequency induction heating furnace, a deoxidizing agent is sprayed on the surface of the cast ingot, wherein the spraying amount of the deoxidizing agent is 80-100g/m 2 And then hot extrusion is carried out, wherein the deoxidizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of aluminum powder, 8-10 parts of silicon powder, 5-9 parts of calcium powder and 4-8 parts of magnesium powder.
Description: the deoxidizer can effectively prevent the surface of the cast ingot from oxidizing in the hot extrusion process, and can effectively remove the oxide on the surface of the cast ingot.
Further, the straightening speed of the straightener in the step S7 is 8-11m/min.
Description: the straightening speed of the straightener should be moderate, neither too fast nor too slow. If the straightening speed is too high, indentation and deformation of the surface of the material can be caused; if the straightening speed is too slow, the straightening time and cost are increased, and the deformation and damage of the material are also increased.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the material disclosed by the invention has higher conductivity, higher hardness and tensile strength due to precipitation of Co2Si phase, and correspondingly has good wear resistance due to higher hardness. The copper alloy bar stock has high conductivity, high hardness, high strength and good wear resistance, the conductivity reaches 55 percent IACS, the hardness reaches 250HB, and the room temperature strength reaches 750Mpa. The copper alloy bar has high conductivity, high hardness, high tensile strength and good wear resistance, greatly improves the service capacity of the copper alloy bar, and can meet the use requirements of the copper alloy material of the connector and the high-current probe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a manufacturing process of a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material proportion:
respectively weighing and mixing the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the weight percentages of the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block in the mixed raw material are as follows: co:1.5%, si:0.4% and the balance of Cu;
s2, smelting:
adding the mixed raw materials obtained in the step S1 into a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1350 ℃, the smelting duration is 45min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace is 4Pa in the smelting process, and the surface of a melt is protected by a covering agent, so that the melt is obtained after the smelting is completed;
s3, casting:
casting the melt obtained in the step S2, wherein the casting temperature is 1250 ℃, and an ingot is obtained after casting is completed;
s4, hot extrusion:
heating the cast ingot obtained in the step S3 by a power frequency induction heating furnace, performing forward hot extrusion after heating to 850 ℃, obtaining a rod material after the forward hot extrusion is finished, taking the rod material out of an extrusion die, rapidly cooling the rod material in water, and collecting the rod material into a coil form by a winding machine after cooling;
s5, cold drawing:
drawing the rod material obtained in the step S4 on a rod drawing machine, and obtaining a rod material after drawing is completed;
s6, aging heat treatment:
performing aging treatment on the bar stock obtained in the step S5 in a tubular annealing furnace to obtain an aged bar stock;
s7, correcting and sawing:
straightening the aged bar obtained in the step S6 in a copper alloy bar straightening machine, and sawing according to the production required size after the straightness reaches 1m/m to obtain a finished alloy bar.
The adding amount of the covering agent in the step S2 is 0.1% of the total mass of the melt, and the covering agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 1% carbon black, 0.1% NaCl, 5% CaO, 5% MgO, 5% CaF 2 The balance of vermiculite powder.
The casting principle is that 0.2m is adopted firstly 3 Casting at a casting speed of 1/3 of the volume of the ingot and 0.4 3 Pouring the mixture to 2/3 of the volume of the cast ingot in a mode of 0.25m 3 The casting speed per min was such that a complete ingot was cast.
In the step S4, when the diameter of the extrusion rod is larger than 20mm, single-hole extrusion is adopted, and when the diameter of the extrusion rod is smaller than 20mm, double-hole extrusion is adopted, the extrusion speed is 8mm/S, and when the thickness of the cast ingot is 20-25mm, the extrusion is not carried out.
In the step S5, the number of drawing passes is 3, the drawing deformation amount of each pass is 15%, and the accumulated deformation amount is 45%.
The aging treatment method in the step S6 is as follows: firstly, loading the bar stock into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing the tubular annealing furnace to 3Pa, filling Ar gas for atmosphere protection after vacuumizing, starting heating after Ar gas filling, heating to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3.5h, and discharging after the temperature keeping is finished, and cooling to 75 ℃ along with the furnace.
After the filling of Ar gas is completed, the vacuum degree in the tubular annealing furnace is-3 Pa, and the purity of Ar gas is 95.5%.
The purity of the electrolytic copper plate in step S1 was 99.95%.
Step S4, after heating by a power frequency induction heating furnace, spraying deoxidizing agent on the surface of the cast ingot, wherein the spraying amount of the deoxidizing agent is 80g/m 2 And then hot extrusion is carried out, wherein the deoxidizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of aluminum powder, 8 parts of silicon powder, 5 parts of calcium powder and 4 parts of magnesium powder.
The straightening speed of the straightener in the step S7 is 8m/min.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, a manufacturing process of a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material proportion:
respectively weighing and mixing the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the weight percentages of the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block in the mixed raw material are as follows: co:2.5%, si:0.6%, the balance being Cu;
s2, smelting:
adding the mixed raw materials obtained in the step S1 into a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1380 ℃, the smelting duration is 50min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace is 3Pa in the smelting process, and the surface of a melt is protected by a covering agent, so that the melt is obtained after smelting is completed;
s3, casting:
casting the melt obtained in the step S2, wherein the casting temperature is 1300 ℃, and obtaining an ingot after casting is completed;
s4, hot extrusion:
heating the cast ingot obtained in the step S3 by a power frequency induction heating furnace, performing forward hot extrusion after heating to 900 ℃, obtaining a rod material after the forward hot extrusion is finished, taking the rod material out of an extrusion die, rapidly cooling the rod material in water, and collecting the rod material into a coil form by a winding machine after cooling;
s5, cold drawing:
drawing the rod material obtained in the step S4 on a rod drawing machine, and obtaining a rod material after drawing is completed;
s6, aging heat treatment:
performing aging treatment on the bar stock obtained in the step S5 in a tubular annealing furnace to obtain an aged bar stock;
s7, correcting and sawing:
straightening the aged bar obtained in the step S6 in a copper alloy bar straightening machine, and sawing according to the production required size after the straightness reaches 1m/m to obtain a finished alloy bar.
The addition amount of the covering agent in the step S2 is 0.2 percent of the total mass of the melt, and the covering agent is formed by the following mass percentThe composition comprises the following components: 6% carbon black, 0.8% NaCl, 10% CaO, 10% MgO, 8% CaF 2 The balance of vermiculite powder.
The casting principle is that 0.25m is firstly adopted 3 Casting speed per min to 1/3 of ingot volume, and casting at 0.45m 3 Pouring the mixture to 2/3 of the volume of the cast ingot in a mode of 0.3m 3 The casting speed per min was such that a complete ingot was cast.
In the step S4, when the diameter of the extrusion rod is larger than 20mm, single-hole extrusion is adopted, and when the diameter of the extrusion rod is smaller than 20mm, double-hole extrusion is adopted, the extrusion speed is 9mm/S, and when the thickness of the cast ingot is 20-25mm, the extrusion is not carried out.
In the step S5, the number of drawing passes is 5, the drawing deformation amount of each pass is 13%, and the accumulated deformation amount is 65%.
The aging treatment method in the step S6 is as follows: firstly, loading the bar stock into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing the tubular annealing furnace to 3Pa, filling Ar gas for atmosphere protection after vacuumizing, starting heating after Ar gas filling, heating to 480 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, and discharging after the heat preservation is finished, and cooling to 79 ℃ along with the furnace.
After the filling of Ar gas is completed, the vacuum degree in the tubular annealing furnace is-4 Pa, and the purity of Ar gas is 95.3 percent.
The purity of the electrolytic copper plate in step S1 was 99.93%.
Step S4, after heating by a power frequency induction heating furnace, spraying deoxidizing agent on the surface of the cast ingot, wherein the spraying amount of the deoxidizing agent is 90g/m 2 And then hot extrusion is carried out, wherein the deoxidizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of aluminum powder, 9 parts of silicon powder, 7 parts of calcium powder and 5 parts of magnesium powder.
The straightening speed of the straightener in the step S7 is 10m/min.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1, a manufacturing process of a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material proportion:
respectively weighing and mixing the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the weight percentages of the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block in the mixed raw material are as follows: co:3.5%, si:1.2%, the balance being Cu;
s2, smelting:
adding the mixed raw materials obtained in the step S1 into a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1400 ℃, the smelting duration is 60min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace is 2Pa in the smelting process, and the surface of a melt is protected by a covering agent, so that the melt is obtained after the smelting is completed;
s3, casting:
casting the melt obtained in the step S2, wherein the casting temperature is 1350 ℃, and obtaining an ingot after casting is completed;
s4, hot extrusion:
heating the cast ingot obtained in the step S3 by a power frequency induction heating furnace, performing forward hot extrusion after heating to 950 ℃, obtaining a rod material after the forward hot extrusion is finished, taking the rod material out of an extrusion die, rapidly cooling the rod material in water, and collecting the rod material into a coil form by a winding machine after cooling;
s5, cold drawing:
drawing the rod material obtained in the step S4 on a rod drawing machine, and obtaining a rod material after drawing is completed;
s6, aging heat treatment:
performing aging treatment on the bar stock obtained in the step S5 in a tubular annealing furnace to obtain an aged bar stock;
s7, correcting and sawing:
straightening the aged bar obtained in the step S6 in a copper alloy bar straightening machine, and sawing according to the production required size after the straightness reaches 1m/m to obtain a finished alloy bar.
The adding amount of the covering agent in the step S2 is 0.3% of the total mass of the melt, and the covering agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 10% carbon black, 1% NaCl, 30% CaO, 30% MgO, 10% CaF 2 The balance of vermiculite powder.
The casting principle is that 0.3m is adopted firstly 3 Casting speed per min to 1/3 of ingot volume, and casting at 0.5m 3 Pouring the mixture to 2/3 of the volume of the cast ingot in a mode of 0.35m 3 Casting per minuteAnd casting the whole ingot at a speed.
In the step S4, when the diameter of the extrusion rod is larger than 20mm, single-hole extrusion is adopted, and when the diameter of the extrusion rod is smaller than 20mm, double-hole extrusion is adopted, the extrusion speed is 15mm/S, and when the thickness of the cast ingot is 20-25mm, the extrusion is not carried out.
In the step S5, the number of drawing passes is 7, the drawing deformation amount of each pass is 10%, and the accumulated deformation amount is 70%.
The aging treatment method in the step S6 is as follows: firstly, loading the bar stock into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing the tubular annealing furnace to 3Pa, filling Ar gas for atmosphere protection after vacuumizing, starting heating after Ar gas filling, heating to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5.5h, keeping the temperature for heat preservation, and starting cooling to 70 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation is completed, and discharging.
After the filling of Ar gas is completed, the vacuum degree in the tubular annealing furnace is-5 Pa, and the purity of Ar gas is 97%.
The purity of the electrolytic copper plate in step S1 was 99.97%.
Step S4, after heating by a power frequency induction heating furnace, spraying deoxidizing agent on the surface of the cast ingot, wherein the spraying amount of the deoxidizing agent is 100g/m 2 And then hot extrusion is carried out, wherein the deoxidizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum powder, 10 parts of silicon powder, 9 parts of calcium powder and 8 parts of magnesium powder
The straightening speed of the straightener in the step S7 is 11m/min.
The chemical compositions of the alloy rods produced in examples 1-3 are shown in Table one.
Table one: example 1-example 3 chemical component detection results%
The electrical and mechanical properties of the alloy rods produced in examples 1-3 are shown in Table II.
And (II) table: examples 1-3 electrical and mechanical Properties
Comparative examples 1-3, example 3 had the highest hardness and tensile strength, but the lowest conductivity, example 1, and the alloy rods were chemically tailored to meet the electrical and mechanical properties of different product requirements during actual production.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing process of the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, raw material proportion:
respectively weighing and mixing an electrolytic copper plate, a metal cobalt block and a simple substance silicon block to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the electrolytic copper plate, the metal cobalt block and the simple substance silicon block in the mixed raw material are respectively in weight percentage: co:1.5-3.5%, si:0.4-1.2%, and the balance Cu;
s2, smelting:
adding the mixed raw materials obtained in the step S1 into a vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1350-1400 ℃, the smelting duration is 45-60min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace in the smelting process is less than 5Pa, the surface of a melt is protected by a covering agent, and the melt is obtained after smelting is completed;
s3, casting:
casting the melt obtained in the step S2, wherein the casting temperature is 1250-1350 ℃, and an ingot is obtained after casting is completed;
s4, hot extrusion:
heating the cast ingot obtained in the step S3 by a power frequency induction heating furnace, performing forward hot extrusion after heating to 850-950 ℃, obtaining a rod material after the forward hot extrusion is completed, taking the rod material out of an extrusion die, rapidly cooling the rod material in water, and collecting the rod material into a coil form by a winding machine after cooling;
s5, cold drawing:
drawing the rod material obtained in the step S4 on a rod drawing machine, and obtaining a rod material after drawing is completed;
s6, aging heat treatment:
performing aging treatment on the bar stock obtained in the step S5 in a tubular annealing furnace to obtain an aged bar stock;
s7, correcting and sawing:
straightening the aged bar obtained in the step S6 in a copper alloy bar straightening machine, and sawing according to the production required size after the straightness reaches 1m/m to obtain a finished alloy bar.
2. The process for manufacturing the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the covering agent in the step S2 is 0.1-0.3% of the total mass of the melt, and the covering agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-10% of carbon black, 0.1-1% of NaCl, 5-30% of CaO, 5-30% of MgO and 5-10% of CaF 2 The balance of vermiculite powder.
3. The process for manufacturing the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the casting principle is that the casting principle is carried out by 0.2-0.3m 3 Casting at a casting speed of 1/3 of the volume of the ingot, and then 0.4-0.5m 3 Pouring in the casting process for 2/3 of the volume of the cast ingot at a speed of 0.25-0.35m 3 The casting speed per min was such that a complete ingot was cast.
4. The process for manufacturing the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, when the diameter of the extrusion rod is larger than 20mm, single-hole extrusion is adopted, and when the diameter of the extrusion rod is smaller than 20mm, double-hole extrusion is adopted, the extrusion speed is 8-15mm/S, and when the thickness of the cast ingot is the rest 20-25mm, the extrusion is not carried out.
5. The process for manufacturing a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the number of drawing passes in the step S5 is 3 to 7, the drawing deformation amount per pass is 10 to 15%, and the accumulated deformation amount is 40 to 70%.
6. The process for manufacturing the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment method in the step S6 is as follows: firstly, loading the bar stock into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing the tubular annealing furnace until the vacuum degree is lower than 5Pa, filling Ar gas for atmosphere protection after vacuumizing, starting heating after Ar gas filling, heating to 450-500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3.5-5.5h, keeping the temperature for heat preservation, and discharging after cooling to 80 ℃ along with the furnace.
7. The process for manufacturing the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod, according to claim 6, wherein the vacuum degree in the tubular annealing furnace is-3 to-5 Pa after the Ar gas is filled, and the purity of the Ar gas is more than or equal to 95%.
8. The process for manufacturing the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the electrolytic copper plate in the step S1 is more than or equal to 99.9%.
9. The process for producing a high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a deoxidizer is sprayed on the surface of the ingot after heating by a power frequency induction heating furnace, and the spraying amount of the deoxidizer is 80-100g/m 2 And then hot extrusion is carried out, wherein the deoxidizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of aluminum powder, 8-10 parts of silicon powder, 5-9 parts of calcium powder and 4-8 parts of magnesium powder.
10. The process for manufacturing the high-conductivity high-strength high-wear-resistance copper alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a deoxidizer is scattered on the surface of an ingot after being heated by a power frequency induction heating furnace, and the deoxidizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of aluminum powder, 8-10 parts of silicon powder, 5-9 parts of calcium powder and 4-8 parts of magnesium powder.
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