CN117651834A - Air conditioner and control system - Google Patents
Air conditioner and control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117651834A CN117651834A CN202280050177.5A CN202280050177A CN117651834A CN 117651834 A CN117651834 A CN 117651834A CN 202280050177 A CN202280050177 A CN 202280050177A CN 117651834 A CN117651834 A CN 117651834A
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 28
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
- F24F2110/22—Humidity of the outside air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
- F24F2120/10—Occupancy
- F24F2120/14—Activity of occupants
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
The air conditioner includes a control unit (100). The control unit (100) performs a first process in which a value of a first index corresponding to an inflection point in a relationship between the first index and the human body effective energy consumption rate is obtained, the first index being any one of an indoor air temperature, an indoor relative humidity, a radiation temperature, an airflow rate, a dressing amount, an activity amount, an outdoor air temperature, and an outdoor air humidity, and the control unit (100) performs a first control in which air conditioning is performed with a first target value based on the value of the first index obtained in the first process.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an air conditioning apparatus and a control system.
Background
Patent document 1 discloses an air conditioner that calculates the amount of thermal balance of a person's body and the wet area ratio of the person's body so that they are set to predetermined values to control air conditioning.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2002-130765
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
In the air conditioner described in patent document 1, air conditioning cannot be performed in which the thermal stress load (thermal stress load) of the human body is sufficiently considered. The present disclosure provides an air conditioning apparatus capable of realizing air conditioning that can reduce a thermal stress load of a human body.
Technical solution for solving the technical problems
The first aspect relates to an air conditioning apparatus including a control section 100, the control section 100 performing a first process in which a value of a first index corresponding to an inflection point in a relation between a first index, which is any one of an indoor air temperature, an indoor relative humidity, a radiation temperature, an air flow rate, a dressing amount, an activity amount, an outdoor air temperature, and an outdoor air humidity, and a human body effective energy (human body exergy) consumption speed is found, and the control section 100 performing a first control in which air conditioning is performed with a first target value based on the value of the first index found in the first process.
In the first aspect, in the first processing, the control unit 100 obtains the value of the first index corresponding to the inflection point in the relation between the human body effective energy consumption rate and the first index. Here, the inflection point is a value at which the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is relatively small. The effective human body energy consumption speed is related to the thermal stress load of the human body, and the smaller the effective human body energy consumption speed is, the smaller the thermal stress load is. Therefore, in the first control, the control unit 100 performs air conditioning at the first target value based on the value of the first index corresponding to the inflection point, whereby air conditioning that reduces the thermal stress load of the human body can be realized.
In the second aspect, in the first aspect, the control unit 100 determines a predetermined first inflection point from a set inflection point, which is a set of inflection points when a value of a second index different from the first index is changed, among an indoor air temperature, an indoor relative humidity, a radiation temperature, an airflow speed, a dressing amount, an activity amount, an outdoor air temperature, and an outdoor air humidity, and obtains a value of the first index and a value of the second index corresponding to the first inflection point, and the control unit 100 performs air conditioning in the first control with a first target value based on the value of the first index obtained in the first process and a second target value based on the value of the second index obtained in the first process.
In the second aspect, in the first processing, the control unit 100 determines a predetermined first inflection point from among the set inflection points that are a set of inflection points when changing the value of the second index different from the first index. In the first process, the control unit 100 obtains a first target value based on the value of the first index corresponding to the first inflection point and a second target value based on the value of the second index corresponding to the first inflection point. The control unit 100 performs air conditioning so as to satisfy these target values. This can control air conditioning based on the inflection point corresponding to the environment of the target space S, and thus can further reduce the thermal stress load of the human body.
In the third aspect, in addition to the second aspect, the control unit 100 determines, in the first processing, a first inflection point that is an inflection point of the set inflection points, the inflection point having a minimum human body effective energy consumption rate or a human body effective energy consumption rate smaller than a predetermined first value.
In the third aspect, in the first processing, the control unit 100 obtains the first inflection point among the set inflection points so as to minimize the human body effective energy consumption rate. Alternatively, the control unit 100 obtains a first inflection point among the set inflection points such that the human body effective energy consumption rate at the first inflection point is smaller than a predetermined first value. The control unit 100 obtains a first target value and a second target value corresponding to the first inflection point, and performs air conditioning so as to satisfy these target values. As described above, in the first control, the effective energy consumption rate of the human body can be reliably reduced, and the thermal stress load of the human body can be reduced.
In the fourth aspect, in addition to the second aspect, the air conditioning apparatus includes an input unit 35 for inputting the second index, and the control unit 100 determines a first inflection point corresponding to the second index input to the input unit 35, from among the set inflection points, in the first process.
In the fourth aspect, the control unit 100 takes an inflection point corresponding to the second index input to the input unit 35 as a first inflection point, and obtains a first target value and a second target value corresponding to the first inflection point. This allows the second index of the target space S to be close to the input value, and reduces the thermal stress load on the human body in this environment.
A fifth aspect is based on any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the first index is an indoor air temperature.
In the fifth aspect, by controlling the indoor air temperature, the human body effective energy consumption speed can be reduced, and the thermal stress load of the human body can be reduced.
A sixth aspect is the one of the second to fifth aspects, wherein the second index is indoor relative humidity, radiation temperature, or air flow rate.
In the sixth aspect, by controlling the indoor relative humidity, the radiation temperature, and the air flow speed as the second index, it is possible to realize air conditioning control that can further reduce the effective human body consumption speed.
A seventh aspect is the control unit 100 according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein in the first processing, the relation is determined based on data relating to at least one of an outdoor air temperature and an outdoor air humidity from a period from a predetermined time to a present time.
In the seventh aspect, in the first process, the control unit 100 obtains the relationship between the effective energy consumption rate and the first index from the data from the past to the present of the outdoor air temperature or the outdoor air humidity. The outdoor air temperature and the outdoor air humidity can influence the adaptation of the human body to seasons. Therefore, by reflecting these indices in the relationship, it is possible to obtain the first index capable of reducing the effective energy consumption rate while considering the season adaptability.
An eighth aspect relates to a control system of an air conditioner including the control portion 100 of any one of the first to seventh aspects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a piping system of an air conditioner according to an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an effective performance control operation of the air conditioner according to the embodiment;
fig. 5 is a graph for explaining a relationship between the human body effective energy consumption rate and the indoor air temperature obtained in the first process in the effective energy control operation according to the embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a utilization unit of the air conditioner according to the first modification;
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of an effective performance control operation of the air conditioner according to the first modification;
fig. 8 is a graph for explaining a relationship between the human body effective energy consumption rate and the indoor air temperature, which is obtained in the first process, in the effective energy control operation according to the first modification;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of an effective performance control operation of the air conditioner according to the second modification;
fig. 10 is a graph related to research results, showing a relationship between outdoor air temperature and human body effective consumption rate;
FIG. 11 is a graph relating to the results of studies, showing the average.+ -. Standard deviation of air temperature and dressing amount for each week when the feeling of coldness and warmth of a house in the Guandong region is "neither" or "both;
FIG. 12 is a table relating to research results showing adaptive patterns of action to adapt to environmental changes;
fig. 13 is a graph related to the results of studies showing the relationship between the outdoor air temperature and the human body effective energy consumption rate under the condition when "unheated nor cold" is declared;
fig. 14 is a graph related to the results of studies, showing the relationship among indoor temperature, human body effective consumption rate, and wettability.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described below, and various modifications may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure. The drawings are provided to briefly explain the present disclosure, and thus, the size, ratio or number may be exaggerated or simplified as needed for easy understanding.
(embodiment)
(1) Integral structure of air conditioner
The air conditioner 10 of the present disclosure air-conditions an indoor space S, which is a target space. A person H is present in the indoor space S. The air conditioner 10 of the present example has a function of adjusting the temperature of indoor air.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the air conditioner 10 includes a heat source unit 20 and a utilization unit 30. The heat source unit 20 and the usage unit 30 are connected to each other by two connection pipes (a liquid connection pipe 11 and a gas connection pipe 12). Thereby, the refrigerant circuit R is configured in the air conditioner 10. The refrigerant circuit R is filled with a refrigerant. The refrigerant circuit R performs a refrigeration cycle by a refrigerant cycle.
(1-1) Heat source Unit
The heat source unit 20 is an outdoor unit disposed in the outdoor space O. The heat source unit 20 has a heat source fan 21. The heat source unit 20 has a compressor 22, a heat source heat exchanger 23, a switching mechanism 24, and an expansion mechanism 25 as components connected in the refrigerant circuit R.
The compressor 22 compresses the sucked refrigerant. The compressor 22 discharges the compressed refrigerant. The compressor 22 is a rotary compressor such as a wobble piston type compressor. The compressor 22 is a variable frequency compressor. The first motor M1 of the compressor 22 is regulated in its rotational speed (operating frequency) by a frequency conversion device.
The heat source heat exchanger 23 is a fin-and-tube type air heat exchanger. The heat source heat exchanger 23 is an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing therein and the outdoor air.
The heat source fan 21 is disposed near the heat source heat exchanger 23. The heat source fan 21 of the present example is a propeller fan. The heat source fan 21 delivers air through the heat source heat exchanger 23.
The switching mechanism 24 changes the flow path of the refrigerant circuit R so as to switch between a first refrigeration cycle, which is a refrigeration cycle, and a second refrigeration cycle, which is a heating cycle. The switching mechanism 24 is a four-way reversing valve. The switching mechanism 24 has a first port P1, a second port P2, a third port P3, and a fourth port P4. The first valve port P1 of the switching mechanism 24 is connected to the discharge portion of the compressor 22. The second port P2 of the switching mechanism 24 is connected to the suction portion of the compressor 82. The third valve port P3 of the switching mechanism 24 is connected to the gas-side end portion of the heat exchanger 33 via the gas connection pipe 12. The fourth valve port P4 of the switching mechanism 24 is connected to the air-side end portion of the heat source heat exchanger 23.
The switching mechanism 24 switches between the first state and the second state. The switching mechanism 24 in the first state (the state shown by the solid line in fig. 2) communicates the first valve port P1 with the fourth valve port P4, and communicates the second valve port P2 with the third valve port P3. The switching mechanism 24 in the second state (the state shown by the broken line in fig. 2) communicates the first valve port P1 with the third valve port P3, and communicates the second valve port P2 with the fourth valve port P4.
One end of the expansion mechanism 25 is connected to the liquid-side end of the heat source heat exchanger 23, and the other end thereof is connected to the liquid-side end of the heat exchanger 33 via the liquid connection pipe 11. The expansion mechanism 25 is an expansion valve. The expansion mechanism 25 is an electronic expansion valve whose opening degree can be adjusted.
(1-2) utilization units
The utilization unit 30 is provided on a wall surface of the indoor space S. In other words, the usage unit 30 is a wall-mounted indoor air conditioner. The utilization unit 30 has a housing 31 and a utilization fan 32. The usage unit 30 has a usage heat exchanger 33 as a member connected in the refrigerant circuit R.
The housing 31 houses a utilization fan 32 and a utilization heat exchanger 33. The casing 31 has a suction port 30a and a blowout port 30b. An air passage 30c is formed in the case 31 from the suction port 30a to the discharge port 30b.
The utilization heat exchanger 33 is a fin-and-tube air heat exchanger. The use heat exchanger 33 is an air heat exchanger that exchanges heat between air flowing therein and the refrigerant.
The utilization fan 32 is a cross flow fan. The rotation speed of the second motor M2 using the fan 32 is variable. In other words, the air volume by the fan 32 is variable. The utilization fan 32 is disposed on the upstream side of the utilization heat exchanger 33 in the air passage 30 c. Air passing through the use of a heat exchanger 33 is conveyed by a fan 32.
(1-3) sensor
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the air conditioner 10 has a plurality of sensors. The air conditioner 10 of the present example has an outdoor air temperature sensor 41, an outdoor air humidity sensor 42, and an indoor air temperature sensor 43. An outdoor air temperature sensor 41 and an outdoor air humidity sensor 42 are disposed in the outdoor space O. The outdoor air temperature sensor 41 detects an outdoor air temperature. The outdoor air humidity sensor 42 detects an outdoor air humidity (strictly, an outdoor relative humidity). The indoor air temperature sensor 43 is disposed in the indoor space S. The indoor air temperature sensor 43 detects an indoor air temperature.
The air conditioner 10 includes various refrigerant sensors (not shown) for detecting the high-pressure, low-pressure, condensing temperature, evaporating temperature, and the like of the refrigerant circuit R.
(1-4) remote controller
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the air conditioner 10 has a remote control 35. The remote controller 35 has an operation unit 36. The operation unit 36 is a functional unit for inputting various instructions to the air conditioner 10 by the person H. The operation section 36 includes a switch, a button, or a touch panel. The operation unit 36 is operated by a person to select the operation of the air conditioner 10. The operation of the air conditioning apparatus 10 includes a cooling operation and a heating operation. The person can change the set temperature by operating the operation unit 36. The remote controller 35 is an input unit for inputting a target value.
(1-5) control portion
The air conditioner 10 includes a control unit 100. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the control unit 100 includes a first control device C1, a second control device C2, and a third control device C3. The first control device C1 is provided in the heat source unit 20. The second control device C2 is provided in the utilization unit 30. The third control device C3 is provided in the remote controller 35.
The first control device C1 and the second control device C2 are connected to each other through a first communication line W1. The first communication line W1 is a wired communication line or a wireless communication line. The second control device C2 and the third control device C3 are connected to each other through a second communication line W2. The second communication line W1 is a wired communication line or a wireless communication line.
The first control device C1, the second control device C2 and the third control device C3 respectively comprise an MCU (Micro Control Unit: micro controller unit), a circuit and an electronic circuit. The MCU comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit: central processing unit), a memory and a communication interface. Various programs for execution by the CPU are stored in the memory.
The first control device C1 controls the compressor 22, the heat source fan 21, the switching mechanism 24, and the expansion mechanism 25. The first control device C1 adjusts the rotation speed of the first motor M1 of the compressor 22. The second control device C2 controls the fan 32. The second control device C2 adjusts the rotation speed of the second motor M2 using the fan 32.
The detection values of the above sensors are input to the control unit 100.
The control unit 100 includes a storage unit 101. The storage unit 101 of the present example is provided in the first control device C1, but may be provided in the second control device C2 or the third control device C3. The storage section 101 includes an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a RAM (Random Access Memory: random access memory), an SSD (Solid State Drive: solid state Disk), and the like. The storage unit 101 stores data relating the human body effective energy consumption rate and the index related thereto.
The storage unit 101 appropriately stores the outdoor air temperature detected by the outdoor air temperature sensor 41 and the outdoor air humidity detected by the outdoor air humidity sensor 42. The storage unit 101 stores the outdoor air temperature and the outdoor air humidity for a predetermined period as history data. The storage unit 101 stores the outdoor air temperature and the outdoor air humidity at predetermined intervals (for example, 30 minutes).
(2) Balance of effective energy for human body
The air conditioner 10 performs air conditioning in consideration of the effective human body consumption rate. The human effective energy consumption rate is included in the following equation related to effective energy balance.
[ human body effective energy consumption rate ] = human body effective energy input ] - [ human body effective energy accumulation ] - [ human body effective energy output ]
The effective consumption rate of human body is 1 m/1 m of human body 2 An indicator of the effective rate of consumption of body surface area. The human body effective energy input is 1m of each human body 2 An indicator of the effective rate of generation of body surface area. The effective accumulation of human body is expressed as every 1m of human body 2 Index of effective accumulation rate of body surface area. Human bodyThe effective energy output is 1m of the human body 2 An indicator of the effective rate of release of body surface area. The units of these indices are W/m 2 。
The rate of human consumption of effective energy is the effective energy consumed in the body. The effective consumption rate of the human body is caused by heat diffusion due to a temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the human body, heat diffusion due to a temperature difference between the human body and the worn clothing, and interdiffusion of sweat and air due to a water vapor pressure difference between the human body and the worn clothing.
The human body effective energy input is mainly composed of effective energy generated by metabolism, effective energy generated by inspiration, effective energy generated by metabolic water, and effective energy generated by radiant heat absorbed by the clothing of the wearer. The metabolic efficiency is the efficiency that is stored in glucose ingested into the human body through the diet and consumed by cellular activities, resulting in the efficiency produced in the body. The effective energy generated by the intake air is the effective energy generated by the thermal diffusion of the intake air, the diffusion of water vapor contained in the intake air, and the like. The effective energy of the metabolic water is the effective energy of the metabolic water due to thermal diffusion of the metabolic water, diffusion of the metabolic water to the outside of the body, and the like. Metabolic water is water produced by metabolism, for example, by the combustion of glucose in the body.
The accumulation of effective energy in the human body refers to the accumulation of effective energy in the body according to the surrounding environment. The higher the temperature of the surrounding environment, the more effective energy is accumulated in the human body.
The human potent output refers to the release of potent from the body to the outside of the body. The human body effective energy output is mainly composed of effective energy generated by inhalation, effective energy generated by diffusion of wet air formed after sweat evaporation, effective energy generated by radiant heat released from worn clothes, and effective energy generated by convection heat released from worn clothes. The effective energy generated by the air intake is the effective energy generated by the thermal diffusion of the air intake and the diffusion of the water vapor and the like contained in the air intake.
The rate of effective human consumption is related to the degree of vasodilation and contraction of the human blood vessels. The lower the rate of consumption of the effective energy of the human body, the less the degree of vasodilation and contraction of the blood vessel of the human body, and the less the thermal stress load the human body is subjected to. That is, the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is an index representing the thermal stress load of the human body.
The rate of effective human consumption tends to be high in cold and hot environments and low in neither cold nor hot environments. The environment where the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is the smallest is: (1) in the case of (1) heat diffusion due to a temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the human body, (2) heat diffusion due to a temperature difference between the human body and the clothing worn, and (3) inter-diffusion between sweat and air due to a water vapor pressure difference between the human body and the clothing worn, particularly, in an environment where the ratio of items of (3) is small. The environment where the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is the smallest can be said to be the environment where the thermal stress load to which the human body is subjected is the smallest.
(3) Operation and action
The air conditioner 10 performs a normal cooling operation, a normal heating operation, and an effective performance control operation.
(3-1) cooling operation
During the cooling operation, the switching mechanism 24 is in the first state. The air conditioner 10 performs a refrigeration cycle (refrigeration cycle) in which the heat source heat exchanger 23 functions as a radiator and the heat exchanger 33 functions as an evaporator. Specifically, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 22 radiates heat in the heat source heat exchanger 23, and is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 25. The refrigerant decompressed by the expansion mechanism 25 is evaporated in the heat exchanger 33, and is sucked into the compressor 22.
In the usage unit 30, the fan 32 is set to an operation state. The air in the indoor space S is sucked from the suction port 30a into the air passage 30 c. The air in the air passage 30c is cooled by the heat exchanger 33, and then supplied from the air outlet 30b to the indoor space S.
(3-2) heating operation
During the heating operation, the switching mechanism 24 is in the second state. The air conditioner 10 during the heating operation performs a refrigeration cycle (heating cycle) in which the heat exchanger 33 functions as a radiator and the heat source heat exchanger 23 functions as an evaporator. Specifically, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 22 is cooled by the heat exchanger 33, and is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 25. The refrigerant decompressed by the expansion mechanism 25 is evaporated in the heat source heat exchanger 23, and is sucked into the compressor 22.
In the usage unit 30, the fan 32 is set to an operation state. The air in the indoor space S is sucked from the suction port 30a into the air passage 30 c. The air in the air passage 30c is heated by the heat exchanger 33, and then supplied from the air outlet 30b to the indoor space S.
(3-3) effective Performance control operation
In the effective energy control operation, the control unit 100 controls the air conditioning of the indoor space S according to the human effective energy consumption rate. The efficient control operation includes a heating efficient operation corresponding to the heating operation and a cooling efficient operation corresponding to the cooling operation.
The effective performance control operation is described in detail with reference to fig. 4 and 5. Here, an example of the heating efficient operation performed in winter will be described.
When the effective performance control operation is performed, in step S11, the outdoor air temperature sensor 41 acquires the outdoor air temperature of the outdoor space O. The storage unit 101 appropriately stores the outdoor air temperature acquired by the outdoor air temperature sensor 41 as history data. In step S12, the outdoor air humidity sensor 42 acquires the outdoor air humidity of the outdoor space O. The storage unit 101 appropriately stores the outdoor air humidity acquired by the outdoor air humidity sensor 42 as history data.
In step S13, the control unit 100 calculates an average value of the outdoor air temperature (average outdoor air temperature Ta) based on the history data stored in the storage unit 101. The control unit 100 calculates an average value of a plurality of outdoor air temperatures obtained in a predetermined period Δt from before the predetermined time to the present. The predetermined period Δt is set to, for example, one month (about 30 days) in this example. A plurality of outdoor air temperatures are acquired in units of a predetermined time t1, and stored in the storage unit 101. The predetermined time t1 is set to 30 minutes, for example. By obtaining the outdoor air temperature for a long period from the past to the present in this way, the effective human energy consumption rate (see later for details) considering the adaptability of the human to the seasons can be obtained.
In step S14, the control unit 100 calculates an average value of the outdoor air humidity (average outdoor air humidity Ha) from the history data stored in the storage unit 101. The control unit 100 calculates an average value of a plurality of outdoor air humidities obtained in a predetermined period Δt from before the predetermined time to the present. The predetermined period Δt is set to, for example, one month (about 30 days) in this example. A plurality of outdoor air humidities are acquired in units of a predetermined time t2 and stored in the storage unit 101. The predetermined time t2 is set to 30 minutes, for example. By obtaining the outdoor air humidity for a long period from the past to the present in this way, the effective human consumption rate (see later for details) considering the adaptability of the human to the seasons can be obtained.
In step S15, the indoor air temperature sensor 43 acquires the indoor air temperature of the indoor space S (indoor air temperature).
In step S16, the control unit 100 obtains the dressing amount of the person H in the indoor space S. Here, the dressing amount (unit clo) may be a set value stored in advance in the control unit 100. In this case, the control unit 100 preferably sets the dressing amount for each season and each time period in which the air conditioner 10 is operated. In this case, for example, the amount of clothing is relatively large in the case of a cold period, and relatively small in the case of a hot period.
The person H can directly input the dressing amount to the remote controller 35 as the input unit. In this case, the control unit 100 can more accurately acquire the current wearing amount of the person H.
In step S17, the control unit 100 of the present example obtains a relationship between the human body effective energy consumption rate and the indoor air temperature. Here, the indoor air temperature is a first index of the present disclosure, and is a control value of air conditioning.
The human body effective energy consumption rate is an index obtained by taking as parameters the outdoor air temperature and the outdoor air humidity of the outdoor space O, the indoor air temperature and the indoor air humidity of the target space where the person H exists, the wall surface temperature (radiation temperature) of the target space where the person H exists, the flow rate (airflow rate) of the airflow supplied from the air conditioner 10 to the person H, the clothing amount of the person H, and the activity amount of the person H. Therefore, by using these indices, as shown in fig. 5, the relationship between the human body effective energy consumption rate and the indoor air temperature can be obtained.
Here, the average outdoor air temperature Ta obtained in step S13 is used as the outdoor air temperature, and the average outdoor air humidity Ha obtained in step S14 is used as the outdoor air humidity.
In this example, as the indoor air humidity (indoor relative humidity), a set value (for example, relative humidity 50%) stored in advance in the control unit 100 is used. In this case, it is preferable that the control unit 100 sets the indoor air humidity for each season and each time period in which the air conditioner 10 is operated. The current indoor air humidity may be directly obtained by providing an indoor air humidity sensor for detecting the indoor air humidity in the usage unit 30.
As the wall surface temperature of the target space, the same temperature as the indoor air temperature is used.
As the wind speed, a set value (for example, 0.1 m/s) stored in advance in the control unit 100 is used. The wind speed is preferably set to a value corresponding to the current air volume (rotational speed) of the fan 32. The control unit 100 reads a set value corresponding to the current air volume of the fan 32, and uses the set value as a parameter for obtaining the relationship. The current wind speed may be obtained by an anemometer or the like.
As described above, the setting value (for example, 0.94clo in the case of the cold period) stored in the control unit 100 is used as the dressing amount.
The activity amount of the person H uses a set value (for example, 1.1 met) stored in advance in the control unit 100.
In step S17, the control unit 100 creates the relationship shown in fig. 5 using the above parameters. The relationship is a relationship composed of a plurality of indoor air temperatures and a human body effective energy consumption rate corresponding to the plurality of indoor air temperatures, and may be a graph, a data table, a relational expression, or the like.
As is clear from fig. 5, in the range where the indoor air temperature is relatively low (range a of fig. 5), the higher the indoor air temperature is, the more the human body effective energy consumption rate is reduced. In a range (range B in fig. 5) in which the indoor air temperature further increases with the inflection point a as a boundary, the human body effective energy consumption rate decreases slightly while curving in a mountain shape. The inflection point referred to herein is not a mathematically defined inflection point, but a inflection point at which the slope of a curve representing the relationship between the indoor air temperature and the human body effective energy consumption rate abruptly changes.
The occurrence of inflection points in the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is considered to be caused by the influence of perspiration of the human body. In fig. 5, for reference, the wettability corresponding to the indoor air temperature is shown. Here, the wettability is an indicator indicating perspiration of a person. When the wettability exceeds 0.06, which is an upper limit value indicating non-inductive evaporation, perspiration starts.
In step S18, the control unit 100 obtains the inflection point of the human body effective energy consumption rate from the relationship obtained in step S17. For example, the control unit 100 determines a point at which the human body effective energy consumption rate is smallest as an inflection point (inflection point a) in the range a in which the human body effective energy consumption rate is rapidly reduced.
In step S19, the control unit 100 obtains the indoor air temperature corresponding to the inflection point a. In this example, the indoor air temperature corresponding to the inflection point a (hereinafter also referred to as the optimum indoor air temperature) is 21 ℃. The optimal indoor air temperature is the value of the first index.
Step S17, step S18, and step S19 correspond to the first process of the present disclosure.
In step S20, the control unit 100 performs a first control of controlling air conditioning using the optimal indoor air temperature obtained in step S19 as a first target value. Specifically, in the first control, the control unit 100 adjusts the air conditioning capacity of the air conditioning apparatus 10 so that the indoor air temperature detected by the indoor air temperature sensor 43 approaches the first target value. If the operation is a heating efficient operation, the control unit 100 adjusts the high pressure (condensing pressure or condensing temperature) by the heat exchanger 33 by adjusting the rotation speed of the compressor 22. As a result, the indoor air temperature of the indoor space S converges to the optimum indoor air temperature. Here, the air conditioning capacity of the air conditioning apparatus 10 may be adjusted to a value within a predetermined range (for example, a range of ±3 ℃, more preferably a range of ±1 ℃) close to the optimal indoor air temperature. For example, the air conditioning capacity of the air conditioning apparatus 10 may be adjusted to approach a maximum temperature in a range where, for example, the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is almost constant and the moisture content with a small sweat burden is less than 0.1.
After step S20, when a predetermined time elapses in step S21, the routine proceeds to step S11 again, and the same process is performed. Here, the predetermined time in step S21 is set to, for example, 30 minutes.
(4) Features (e.g. a character)
(4－1)
The control unit 100 performs a first process in which a value of a first index corresponding to an inflection point in a relationship between the human body effective energy consumption rate and the first index (indoor air temperature) is obtained. The control unit 100 executes first control in which air conditioning is performed with a first target value based on the value of the first index obtained in the first process as a control target. Specifically, in the example of fig. 5, the control unit 100 uses the optimal indoor air temperature (about 21 ℃) corresponding to the inflection point a as the first target value of the first index. As a result, when the indoor air temperature of the indoor space S converges to the optimal indoor air temperature, the human body effective energy consumption rate can be made relatively small.
Here, the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is related to the thermal stress load of the human body, and the lower the value thereof is, the smaller the thermal stress load is. Therefore, by reducing the human body effective energy consumption rate of the human H in the indoor space S by the first control, the thermal stress load of the human body can be reduced.
Further, the inflection point a corresponds to a temperature slightly lower than the indoor air temperature at which the person H sweats. Therefore, by converging the indoor air temperature of the target space to the optimum indoor air temperature corresponding to the inflection point a, perspiration of the person H in the indoor space S can also be suppressed.
(4－2)
The first indicator is the indoor air temperature (indoor air temperature). Therefore, by adjusting the indoor air temperature of the indoor space S, the thermal stress load of the human body can be reduced.
(4－3)
In the first process, the control unit 100 determines the relationship based on data relating to the outdoor air temperature and the outdoor air humidity from the time before the predetermined time to the time before the predetermined time. The control unit 100 may determine the relationship based on data relating to the outdoor air temperature from the time before the predetermined time to the time up to the present. The control unit 100 may determine the relationship based on data relating to the outdoor air humidity from the time before the predetermined time to the time until the present.
Historical data from past to present of outdoor air temperature or outdoor air humidity corresponds to the temperature or humidity of air with which a person is in contact during a certain period. Therefore, such history data becomes an index that affects the adaptability of a person to seasons. The control unit 100 obtains the relationship shown in fig. 5 from the history data, and thus can obtain a value (here, the indoor air temperature) of a first index for reducing the effective human consumption rate of the person while taking into consideration the adaptability of the person to the season. Therefore, in the first control, the thermal stress load of the person can be reduced with high accuracy while taking into consideration the adaptability of the person to the season. Further, in the first control, it is possible to suppress perspiration of a person while taking into consideration the adaptability of the person to seasons.
(5) Modification examples
In the above embodiment, the following modifications may be employed. In the following, differences from the above-described embodiments will be described in principle.
(5-1) first modification: air conditioning device 1 including humidity control
(5-1-1) integral Structure of air conditioner
As schematically shown in fig. 6, the use unit 30 of the air conditioner 10 according to the first modification includes a use heat exchanger 33, a use fan 32, and a humidity control unit 50. The heat exchanger 33 is a temperature adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature of air. The humidity control part 50 controls the humidity of the air.
The humidity control portion 50 includes, for example, an adsorption member that controls the humidity of air by adsorbing and desorbing water. In this case, the humidity control portion 50 includes a heating portion for regenerating the adsorption member.
The humidity control portion 50 may include, for example: adsorption heat exchanger with adsorption agent carried on the surface of fin and heat transfer tube. In this case, the humidity conditioning part 50 includes a heat transfer medium (e.g., a refrigerant) flowing through the adsorption heat exchanger to heat or cool the adsorption material. The humidity conditioning part 50 may include a rotary adsorption rotor. In this case, the adsorption rotor includes a driving source for rotating the adsorption rotor and a heating portion for regenerating the adsorption rotor. The adsorption rotor may be provided in the heat source unit 20 (outdoor unit). The air humidified or dehumidified by the adsorption rotor is supplied to the air passage 30c of the utilization unit 30 via the duct.
The humidity control unit 50 may be a humidifying element or a nebulizer that releases moisture into the air.
The humidity control unit 50 may be, for example, a total heat exchanger that exchanges sensible heat and latent heat between indoor air and outdoor air.
The air conditioner 10 has an indoor air humidity sensor 44 in addition to the indoor air temperature sensor 43. The indoor air humidity sensor 44 detects the humidity (strictly speaking, relative humidity) of the indoor air in the indoor space S.
(5-1-2) effective efficacy control operation
The effective performance control operation of the first modification will be described in detail with reference to fig. 7 and 8. Here, an example of the cooling effective operation performed in summer will be described.
In the first modification, steps S21 to S25 are the same as steps S11 to S15 of the above embodiment. In step S26, the indoor air humidity sensor 44 acquires the indoor air humidity of the indoor space S. In step S27, the control unit 100 obtains the clothing amount of the person H in the indoor space S, as in step S16.
In step S28, the control unit 100 obtains a relationship between the human body effective energy consumption rate and the indoor air temperature. Here, the indoor air temperature is a first index of the present disclosure, and is a control value of air conditioning. The control unit 100 according to the first modification obtains the relationship for each of the plurality of indoor air humidities. These relationships are generated by taking as parameters the outdoor air temperature and the outdoor air humidity of the outdoor space O, the indoor air temperature and the indoor air humidity of the target space where the person H exists, the wall surface temperature (radiation temperature) of the target space where the person H exists, the wind speed of the air supplied from the air conditioner 10 to the person H, the dressing amount of the person H, and the activity amount of the person H. The control unit 100 creates a relationship corresponding to a plurality of indoor air humidities within a control range of the indoor air humidities.
In the example of fig. 8, in step S28, the control portion 100 creates a first relationship R1 in which the indoor air humidity corresponds to 70%, a second relationship R2 in which the indoor air humidity corresponds to 50%, and a third relationship R3 in which the indoor air humidity corresponds to 30%. In the example of fig. 8, there is an inflection point a in the first relationship R1, an inflection point b in the second relationship R2, and an inflection point c in the third relationship R3. The set of these inflection points is referred to as the set inflection point. In other words, in step S28, the control unit 100 obtains a set inflection point that is a set of inflection points when the value of the second index different from the first index is changed.
In step S29, the control unit 100 obtains a first inflection point having a minimum human body effective energy consumption rate among the plurality of inflection points a, b, and c. The first inflection point may be an inflection point corresponding to a value of the indoor air humidity (second index). The first inflection point of the present example is an inflection point a corresponding to the first relationship R1.
In step S30, the control unit 100 obtains a value of the first index and a value of the second index corresponding to the first inflection point. The value of the first index is the indoor air temperature (optimum indoor air humidity) corresponding to the first inflection point. The value of the second index is the indoor air humidity (hereinafter also referred to as the optimal indoor air humidity) corresponding to the first inflection point or the first relation R1 of the first inflection point.
Step 28, step S29, and step S30 correspond to the first process of the present disclosure.
In step S31, the control unit 100 controls the air conditioning using the optimal indoor air temperature obtained in step S30 as the first target value. Specifically, the control unit 100 adjusts the capacity of the heat exchanger 33 so that the indoor air temperature detected by the indoor air temperature sensor 43 approaches the first target value. If the operation is refrigeration-efficient, the control unit 100 adjusts the low pressure (evaporation pressure or evaporation temperature) by the heat exchanger 33 by adjusting the rotation speed of the compressor 22. As a result, the indoor air temperature of the indoor space S converges to the optimum indoor air temperature.
In step S32, the control unit 100 controls the air conditioning using the optimal indoor air humidity obtained in step S30 as the second target value. Specifically, the control unit 100 adjusts the capacity of the humidity control unit 50 so that the indoor air humidity detected by the indoor air humidity sensor 44 approaches the second target value. As a result, the indoor air humidity of the indoor space S converges to the optimal indoor air humidity. Here, the capacity of the humidity control unit 50 may be adjusted so that the indoor air humidity approaches a value within a predetermined range of the optimal indoor air humidity (for example, a range of ±20%, more preferably a range of ±10%, etc.), and for example, when the humidity range settable by the humidity control unit is 40% to 60% in spite of the optimal indoor air humidity being 70%, the capacity of the humidity control unit 50 may be adjusted so that the indoor air humidity approaches 60%.
Step S31 and step S32 correspond to the first control of the present disclosure.
After that, the flow advances to step S33, and when a predetermined time (for example, 30 minutes) elapses, the processing after step S21 is executed again.
(5-2) features
In the first process, the control unit 100 determines a first inflection point among the set inflection points so that the human body effective energy consumption rate becomes minimum, and obtains a value of a first index and a value of a second index corresponding to the first inflection point. In other words, in the first control, the control unit 100 controls the air conditioning using the value of the first index (indoor air temperature) and the value of the second index (indoor air humidity) as target values. As a result, as shown in fig. 8, in the first control, air conditioning targeting at the inflection point a where the human body effective energy consumption rate is minimum can be performed. As a result, the effective energy consumption rate of the human body can be minimized, and the thermal stress load of the human body can be effectively reduced.
Further, since the inflection point a corresponds to the indoor air temperature and the indoor air humidity before starting sweating, it is also possible to suppress sweating of a person.
In step S29 of the effective performance control operation of the first modification, the control unit 100 may set, as the first inflection point, an inflection point having a lower effective performance consumption rate of the human body than a predetermined first value, out of the set inflection points generated in step S28. Here, if Eu is the upper limit value and El is the lower limit value of the human body effective energy consumption rate corresponding to the control range of the second index, the first value is preferably not more than the median value (Eu-El/2) of the values. By determining the first inflection point in this way, the effective energy consumption rate of the human body can be reduced and the thermal stress load of the human body can be reduced in the first control.
(6) Second modification example: air conditioning device 2 including humidity control
The second modification differs from the first modification in the method of determining the first inflection point. As shown in fig. 9, the control unit 100 of the second modification performs control of step S34 instead of step S29 of the first modification.
In the second modification, a person inputs the indoor air humidity (second index) as a target value to the remote controller 35 as an input unit. In step S34, the control unit 100 determines a first inflection point corresponding to the indoor air humidity set in the remote controller 35 from among the set inflection points. For example, when the person H inputs 30% relative humidity to the remote controller 35, the control unit 100 sets the inflection point a of the first relation R1 corresponding to 30% relative humidity as the first inflection point. The control thereafter is the same as the first modification.
In the first control of the second modification, the control unit 100 performs air conditioning with the indoor air humidity set in the remote controller 35 as a target value. Therefore, it is possible to satisfy the indoor air humidity desired by the person and reduce the effective consumption rate of the human body. As a result, the thermal stress load of the person can be reduced while ensuring the comfort of the person. In addition, it can inhibit perspiration.
In the second modification, the control unit 100 may determine the first inflection point corresponding to the second index (indoor air humidity) detected by the indoor air humidity sensor 44 in step S34, instead of the second index (indoor air humidity) set in the input unit 35.
The second index input to the input unit 35 may not be input by a person. The output value of the other device may be input to the input unit 35. Specifically, when the target humidity is set for another humidifier, the set value may be input to the input unit 35.
(7) Third modification example: modification of the second index
The control unit 100 uses the indoor air humidity as the second index in the effective performance control operation described in the first and second modifications. The second index may be a radiation temperature of the target space or a flow rate of the air flow supplied to the target space.
The radiation temperature of the object space refers to the radiation temperature (radiation temperature) of a wall, floor, ceiling, or the like of the object space. The radiation temperature can be controlled by adjusting the temperature, flow rate, wind direction, and the like of the air supplied from the air conditioner 10. The radiation temperature is one of the parameters related to the effective energy consumption rate of the human body, so in the first process, the control section 100 can obtain a relationship corresponding to the radiation temperature, not a relationship corresponding to the indoor air humidity. The radiation temperature can be acquired by a temperature sensor provided on a wall surface or the like or an infrared sensor arranged in the object space.
The flow rate of the air flow supplied to the subject space corresponds to the wind speed blown onto the person. The flow rate of the air flow can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the air conditioner 10 by the fan 32, or the like. Since the flow rate of the air flow is one of the parameters related to the effective consumption rate of the human body, the control section 100 can obtain a relationship corresponding to the flow rate instead of a relationship related to the humidity of the indoor air in the first process. The flow rate can be obtained by a wind speed sensor or the like.
(8) Fourth modification example: control unit
The control unit 100 of the present disclosure is provided in the air conditioner 10. However, the control unit 100 may be a control system provided in a different portion from the air conditioner 10. The control unit 100 may be provided in a server device connected to the air conditioner 10 via a network. The control unit 100 may be provided in a terminal device owned by the person H, for example. The terminal device comprises a smart phone, a personal computer, a tablet personal computer and the like.
(9) Other embodiments
In the above example, the control unit 100 obtains the inflection point in the relationship between the first index and the human body effective energy consumption rate, and then obtains the value of the first index corresponding to the inflection point. However, the control unit 100 may directly determine the first index corresponding to the inflection point using the relationship between the first index and the human body effective energy consumption rate.
In the above example, after the set inflection point is obtained, the control unit 100 determines a predetermined first inflection point from the set inflection point. However, the control unit 100 may determine the first inflection point instead of directly determining the set inflection point.
In the above example, the value of the first index corresponding to the inflection point is directly taken as the first target value. However, the first target value may be a value obtained by adding or subtracting a predetermined value to or from the value of the first index, or may be a value obtained by multiplying the value of the first index by a predetermined coefficient, as described above.
In the above example, the value of the second index corresponding to the inflection point is directly taken as the second target value. However, the second target value may be a value obtained by adding or subtracting a predetermined value to or from the value of the second index, or may be a value obtained by multiplying the value of the second index by a predetermined coefficient, as described above.
In the first process, the control unit 100 may set an upper limit value and a lower limit value for a first index (for example, the indoor air temperature) in the function, and determine an inflection point within the range of the upper limit value and the lower limit value.
In the first process, the control unit 100 may set an upper limit value and a lower limit value for the second index corresponding to the set inflection point, and determine the first inflection point within a range of the upper limit value and the lower limit value.
In the first process, the control unit 100 may calculate a parameter for determining the effective energy consumption rate of the human body using the first index itself. For example, when the first index is the indoor air temperature, the radiation temperature, which is one of the parameters, can be obtained from the indoor air temperature. Alternatively, the indoor air temperature, indoor relative humidity, radiation temperature, airflow rate, dressing amount, activity amount may be determined so as to satisfy the relationship that PMV (Predicted Mean Vote, predicted average heat sensation) is zero.
While the embodiments and modifications have been described above, it should be understood that various changes can be made in the embodiments and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. Further, the above-described embodiments, modifications, and other embodiments may be appropriately combined and replaced as long as the functions of the objects of the present disclosure are not affected.
The amount of wear may also be used as a first indicator. In this case, the user may be notified of the value of the dressing amount corresponding to the inflection point as the recommended dressing amount, or the air conditioner may be controlled according to the type of dressing, and the thermal resistance may be changed according to the dressing amount.
The words "first", "second", "third" … … are merely used to distinguish between sentences containing the words, and are not intended to limit the number and order of the sentences.
< research effort related to the present disclosure >
Hereinafter, research results related to the present disclosure will be described.
1. Introduction to the invention
In the previous report and the previous report, in order to investigate the necessity of environmental control in response to the outdoor air temperature fluctuation, the subjective difference between the cold and hot feeling and the physiological data was examined for the case of setting the indoor temperature and humidity condition by applying the adaptive model and the case of setting the conventional standard temperature and humidity condition. As a result, it was confirmed that the temperature and humidity conditions based on the adaptive model were more comfortable. In addition, a model for discriminating a sensation of coldness and warmth is designed using the blood flow rate of one of the physiological data.
The aim of the continuous report is to provide humanized space, namely an environment with smaller thermal stress. Here, the thermal stress refers to stress applied for adjusting the body temperature of a human body in a hot or cold environment. The research aims at developing a novel air conditioning control method, and deducing a thermal stress evaluation method considering seasonal adaptability by combining a human body effective energy balance theory and an adaptation model.
The influence of seasonal variations in outdoor air temperature on comfort can be expressed by an adaptive model, but additional studies are required in order to further consider thermal stress on the human body. Accordingly, herein, considering the influence of seasonal variation of the outdoor air temperature on the comfort temperature and the wearing amount, the human body effective energy balance is calculated, and particularly, a study is made about seasonal variation of the human body effective energy consumption rate, and the result of the study is reported.
2. Adaptation model theory
Because people have the characteristic of adapting to seasons, even if the ambient temperature is instantaneously the same, the heat sensation in summer and winter can be different. This insight is essential for a humanized environmental control. As a model for defining the neutral temperature (a temperature value at which a human body is comfortable without being heated or cooled) which varies according to the change in the ambient temperature, an adaptive model has been proposed by ASHRAE and CEN. According to the adaptation model, the body neutral temperature is determined from historical data of the past week's exposure temperature.
Pen, et al, think: this adaptation, i.e. the change in neutral temperature, is due to the fact that the basal metabolic rate of the person varies with the season, etc. In the adaptation model, although the physiological and behavioral adaptation of the person is grasped by reflecting the results of the in-situ measurement, the correspondence between the physiological state of the person and the mechanism such as thermal stress caused by the warm environment to the human body is not clear.
3. Theory of effective balance of human body
3.1. Outline of human body effective energy balance
The research on environmental control has been conducted so far based on the balance of heat energy of human body, and if the balance of effective energy of human body is also considered, it is possible to newly find a humanized environmental control method.
The theory of human body effective energy balance is a model capable of calculating consumption related to convection, radiation and evaporation 5) . As intermediate calculations, blood flow, wettability, etc. were calculated. The effective energy consumption rate of the human body calculated by the model can be expressed by the following expression, and it is considered that the model is likely to correspond to pressure (fatigue feeling) from a warm environment.
[ speed of consumption of human body effective energy ]
= [ Heat efficiency (Warm Exergy) produced in metabolism ]
++ [ effective heat (Cold) and Wet (Dry) of inspiration ]
++ [ Heat and moisture availability of Metabolic Water (Lung) ]
++ [ effective Hot (Cold), wet (Dry) Performance of Metabolic Water (skin) and Dry air ]
++ [ Heat (Cold) radiation effectiveness absorbed by the clothing being worn ]
- [ accumulation of Heat efficiency ]
[ effective efficacy of heat and dampness of expiration ]
[ effective heat and separation of humid air produced after sweat Evaporation ]
- [ Heat (Cold) radiation effectiveness from a worn garment ]
- [ effective energy of heat (cold) convected from clothes ]
In the theory of human effective energy balance, the movement of heat and moisture in different forms such as convection, radiation, evaporation and the like can be uniformly represented by the amount (effective energy) representing the diffusion capacity. Even if the ratio of heat transfer by radiation, convection, and evaporation is different, the same conditions for energy input/output and accumulation balance are also many, but the consumption varies in the case of effective energy balance.
Since the outdoor air temperature is necessary to obtain an effective balance of the human body, seasonal differences may occur unlike energy balance. Therefore, it is considered that it is important to investigate the correspondence between the comfort temperature and the adaptation model that sums the outdoor air temperature as a variable.
3.2. Human body effective energy balance at various outdoor air temperatures
Fig. 10 shows how the human body effective energy consumption rate varies according to the outdoor air temperature. In the figure, the air temperature and the wall temperature were equal to 25 ℃, the relative humidity was 50%, the wind speed was 0.1m/s, the dressing amount was 1clo, the activity amount was 1.1met, and the outdoor air humidity was 50%. As can be seen from the figure, even when the indoor environment is the same, if the outdoor air temperature is different, the effective energy consumption rate is different, reflecting the difference in the diffusion generation pattern with respect to the outdoor environment state. However, the human body effective energy balance does not include a human thermal environment experience (past outdoor air temperature history). Therefore, the present study examines how the rate of human effective energy consumption varies by fusing the data of the adaptation model into the theory of human effective energy balance.
4. Seasonal adaptation and rate of consumption of human effective energy
4.1. Rate of effective human consumption corresponding to seasonal adaptation
As the calculation conditions, data of environmental measurement and subjective declaration of a house in the kanto area as a subject was used, and average indoor air temperature and standard deviation, average dressing amount and standard deviation in each week when the cold/hot feeling declaration was "neither (neither heat nor cold)" (n= 7,333) was used. The values are shown in fig. 11. The radiation temperature is equal to the air temperature, and the relative humidity, the wind speed and the activity are respectively fixed to be 50%, 0.1m/s and 1.1met. The outdoor air temperature and humidity are disclosed in weather halls in the same time and the same region as the survey data. Considering that there are individual differences in the adjusting method for adjusting the indoor air temperature and the wearing capacity according to the outdoor air temperature variation, as shown in fig. 12, five adaptation behavior patterns are assumed as input conditions for the calculation of the effective energy balance of the human body. The specific case of each mode will be described below.
The average pattern was assumed to always adapt to the change in the average environment, and the average value of fig. 11 was used for both the air temperature and the clothing amount. Mode a envisages people who are afraid of heat. Assuming that the air temperature is the average value over the year but always wears a single sheet, the average value is used for the air temperature and the average value-standard deviation is used for the dressing amount. The B mode contemplates people who do not use the cooling and heating air conditioner so often change the clothing. The air temperature is the average value+standard deviation in the cooling period, and the average value-standard deviation in the heating period, and is expressed as a weak cooling/heating condition (hereinafter referred to as a weak air conditioning condition). Here, the case where the average temperature of the maximum outdoor air temperature of one week is > air temperature is referred to as a cooling period, and the case where the average temperature of the maximum outdoor air temperature of one week is equal to or less than air temperature is referred to as a heating period (hereinafter, the same applies). On the other hand, the dressing amount is the average value-standard deviation in the cooling period, and the average value + standard deviation in the heating period. The C mode envisages people who use little air conditioning for cooling and heating and change the clothing to an average degree. The same weak air conditioning conditions as B were used for the air temperature and the average value was used for the dressing amount. The D mode envisages the active use of a cooling and heating air conditioner and changes the person of the garment to an average degree. The air temperature is opposite to B, C, the cooling period is average value-standard deviation, the heating period is average value + standard deviation, and the cooling and heating conditions are strong. The average value was used for the dressing amount. Fig. 13 shows the relationship between the human body effective energy consumption rate calculated using the above values and the outdoor air temperature.
First, even if the cold and hot feeling is declared as "neither, the human body effective energy consumption rate is low in summer when the outdoor air temperature is high, and is high in winter when the outdoor air temperature is low. This means that the lower the outdoor air temperature, the more easily the human body releases heat, and it can be seen that the human body easily releases heat in such an environment as winter. In either mode, the rate of human active energy consumption is minimal over the year with outdoor air temperatures around 20 ℃. This corresponds to an intermediate period of about 5 months or about 10 months, and is consistent with a case where the air conditioner can be used comfortably without cooling or heating during this period. Moreover, the deviation of the effective consumption rate of the human body is larger in winter and smaller in summer. Depending on the ambient conditions, the dressing conditions. Since the standard deviation of the air temperature and the dressing amount tends to be larger in winter than in summer, as shown in table 1, when the input values of the respective modes are set using the average value and the standard deviation, the calculation result reflects that the deviation of the input values is larger in winter, and it is considered that the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is deviated even at the same outdoor air temperature. As a reason why the variation in the environmental conditions in winter is larger than in summer, there are many environmental adjustment methods in which the environmental conditions in winter are not reflected in the input values of the air temperature and humidity and the like, such as a furnace, a leg blanket, an electric heater, and the like, as compared with summer.
Next, the calculation result of the mode A, B, C, D simulating the personal environment adjustment is examined. In the four modes, especially in summer and winter, there is a difference in the rate of human consumption of B and C. This is because the effective consumption rate of the human body in winter is increased. B and C have in common that air conditioning is weaker in both summer and winter, simulating a space with higher temperature in summer and a space with lower temperature in winter. That is, in particular, in winter, even when the wearing state of the clothing is maintained in a greatly changed state, the effective energy consumption rate of the human body is increased, and the body is subjected to a larger thermal stress than in the case where the environmental control is actively performed as in A, D. Therefore, it is considered that the pressure applied to the body can be further reduced by performing the environmental control to some extent as well as the temperature adjustment by the dressing alone.
4.2. Estimation of optimal set temperature considering seasonal adaptability
The result of 4.1 shows that the target value of the human body effective energy consumption rate is not constant, and there is an appropriate value according to the history of the outdoor air temperature, the wearing amount of the person, and other environmental conditions. Therefore, in this section, a description will be given of a setting method for setting an air temperature using a human body effective energy consumption rate when the wall temperature is the same as the air temperature in the case where the environmental conditions, the activity amount, and the dressing amount other than the air temperature are given. Hereinafter, a method of determining the set air temperature assuming specific environmental conditions is described.
Fig. 14 shows the relationship between the indoor temperature and the human body effective consumption rate and the wettability rate when the outdoor air temperature is 5.5 c, the outdoor air relative humidity is 45%, the indoor relative humidity is 50%, the wind speed is 0.1m/s, the dressing amount is 0.94clo, and the activity amount is 1.1met under the assumption of the winter environment. The air temperature and the wall temperature are the same, and are collectively referred to as the indoor temperature. The effective consumption speed of human body is sharply reduced to 2.6w/m at the indoor temperature of 14-21 DEG C 2 About, the rapid drop stops at 21 ℃, and the drop is small while the curve is curved in a mountain shape. The optimal indoor temperature is about 21 ℃ which becomes an inflection point of the effective energy consumption rate of the human body.
The reason why the optimum indoor temperature is set near the inflection point will be described. It is considered that the inflection point occurs because the amount of perspiration exceeds the amount of imperceptible evaporation. In fact, the wettability shown in fig. 14 increases from 0.06 indicating non-inductive evaporation at 21 ℃ which is the same as the inflection point of the human body effective energy consumption rate, indicating that perspiration is initiated. In view of the actual circumstances of perspiration in winter, for example, a state in which heating is turned on but perspiration occurs due to an excessively high air temperature is cited, and such a state is obviously uncomfortable. In addition, since the effective human energy consumption rate is proportional to the heat dissipation amount, the effective human energy consumption rate of the person always dissipating heat must be above a certain level. In particular, when the indoor temperature is 28 ℃ or higher, the effective consumption rate of the human body is reduced in spite of sweating, which means that even if sweating occurs, the sweat is not evaporated and cannot dissipate heat. When this state continues, the body will continue to store heat, and the core temperature will rise, and heatstroke will occur soon. From the above, it is considered that an environment of 21 ℃ or less, which does not sweat, is suitable as an environment in which relaxation is desired at home in a sitting state in winter.
Next, below 21 ℃ in fig. 14, the lower the temperature, the higher the human body effective energy consumption rate becomes. Because the human body continuously dissipates heat, the effective consumption speed of the human body must be above a certain degree, but if the human body is too high, excessive heat is released, and the heat which should exist in the human body is lost, namely the human body is subjected to thermal stress, so that people feel cold and uncomfortable. In view of the above, in the environment envisaged in this time, it is considered that the indoor temperature of 20 to 21 ℃ is optimal, with the human body effective energy consumption rate not being too high.
As described above, by determining the environment other than the indoor temperature, the indoor temperature having a small thermal stress on the person in the environment can be derived. In the next section, a system using the above-described calculation method is described.
5. Control scheme of air conditioner based on human body effective energy balance
5.1. Summary of the inventionsummary
As described in the previous paragraph and report above, the present system is directed to providing a humanized environmental control system. A system having a function of determining a set temperature by using the method for deriving an indoor temperature having a small thermal stress to a person described in section 4.2 will be described.
By using the system, the temperature setting with little physical burden can be automatically performed according to the state and season of the person.
5.2. System architecture
In order to derive the optimal indoor temperature, the current outdoor air temperature and humidity, indoor humidity, wind speed, dressing amount and activity amount are required. The main use scene of the system can be considered as a sitting and relaxing state at home, the wind speed can be 0.1m/s, and the activity amount can be 1.1met. However, the set value of the wind speed may be changed by acquiring the operation state data of the fan from spring to autumn. The outdoor air temperature and humidity are obtained by a temperature and humidity sensor included in the outdoor unit, and the indoor humidity is obtained by a temperature and humidity sensor included in the indoor unit. The dressing amount is fixed in summer, middle period and winter. However, the user may directly input the amount of clothes. The present system includes the above that is an air conditioning control system that provides the room temperature derived using the calculation method described in section 4 to the environment.
Industrial applicability
As described above, the present disclosure is useful for air conditioning apparatuses and control systems.
-symbolic description-S object space
10. Air conditioner
35. Input unit
100 control part
Claims (8)
1. An air conditioning apparatus, characterized in that:
the air conditioner includes a control unit (100), wherein the control unit (100) performs a first process in which a value of a first index corresponding to an inflection point in a relation between a first index, which is any one of an indoor air temperature, an indoor relative humidity, a radiation temperature, an airflow speed, a dressing amount, an activity amount, an outdoor air temperature, and an outdoor air humidity, and a human body effective energy consumption rate is obtained, and the control unit (100) performs a first control in which air conditioning is performed with a first target value based on the value of the first index obtained in the first process.
2. An air conditioning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
in the first process, the control unit (100) determines a predetermined first inflection point from a set inflection point which is a set of inflection points when a value of a second index different from the first index is changed in the indoor air temperature, the indoor relative humidity, the radiation temperature, the airflow speed, the dressing amount, the activity amount, the outdoor air temperature, and the outdoor air humidity, and obtains a value of the first index and a value of the second index corresponding to the first inflection point,
the control unit (100) performs air conditioning in the first control with a first target value based on the value of the first index obtained in the first process and a second target value based on the value of the second index obtained in the first process.
3. An air conditioning apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the control unit (100) determines, in the first processing, a first inflection point that is an inflection point having a minimum human body effective energy consumption rate or a human body effective energy consumption rate that is smaller than a predetermined first value, from among the set inflection points.
4. An air conditioning apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
The air conditioner includes an input unit (35) for inputting the second index,
the control unit (100) determines, in the first processing, a first inflection point among the set inflection points, the first inflection point corresponding to the second index input to the input unit (35).
5. An air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the first indicator is an indoor air temperature.
6. An air conditioning apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that:
the second indicator is the indoor relative humidity, the radiation temperature or the air flow velocity.
7. An air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
in the first process, the control unit (100) determines the relationship based on data relating to at least one of the outdoor air temperature and the outdoor air humidity from a time period from a predetermined time period to a present time period.
8. A control system for an air conditioning apparatus, characterized in that:
the control system of an air conditioner includes the control section (100) of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| JP2021118980A JP7141002B1 (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2021-07-19 | Air conditioner and control system |
| JP2021-118980 | 2021-07-19 | ||
| PCT/JP2022/021610 WO2023002749A1 (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2022-05-26 | Air-conditioning device and control system |
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| JP (1) | JP7141002B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN117651834A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023002749A1 (en) |
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| JP7219392B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2023-02-08 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | air conditioning control system |
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