CN117634742A - Distributed photovoltaic running state evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed photovoltaic running state evaluation method, which relates to the technical field of distributed photovoltaics and comprises the following steps: setting a data monitoring period interval, automatically collecting temperature, humidity and illumination intensity data around the distributed photovoltaic, and processing the data to obtain an environment comprehensive score; automatically collecting direct current and direct voltage data of each solar panel, shooting images of the surfaces of each solar panel, and processing the data to obtain abnormal comprehensive scores; automatically collecting solar radiation intensity, solar panel surface temperature and electric energy output data in the current air, and processing the data to obtain a performance comprehensive score; and (3) integrating the calculated environment comprehensive score, abnormal comprehensive score and performance comprehensive score, generating comprehensive scores of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period, comparing the comprehensive scores with a preset score grade table, and giving out corresponding evaluation grades according to the comparison result to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed photovoltaics, in particular to a distributed photovoltaic running state evaluation method.
Background
The distributed photovoltaic system is a system for converting solar energy into electric energy, and the solar panels are distributed at a plurality of positions such as buildings, floors, garage roofs and the like so as to meet local or personal electricity requirements. In recent years, distributed photovoltaic has developed rapidly, and is becoming an important force for converting the push energy and realizing sustainable development. With the continuous progress of technology and the improvement of policy environment, the distributed photovoltaic is expected to play a larger role in the future, and makes a larger contribution to the popularization of clean energy and the change of energy structure.
The evaluation of the running state of the distributed photovoltaic system is to evaluate and analyze the running performance and effect of the distributed photovoltaic system. By monitoring and evaluating the operation data, the electric energy output, the component loss, the system reliability and the like of the system, the operation condition, the performance index and the existing problems of the system can be obtained, and improvement and optimization suggestions are provided.
In the application of China, the application publication number is CN111144670A, an evaluation index system of the running state of the photovoltaic power station is established, the weather is classified according to the characteristics of the natural environment, the weights of various indexes under different types of weather are determined, an index scoring formula is established, the fuzzy relation between the score value and the evaluation grade is determined, the running state of the photovoltaic power station is evaluated integrally, and weak running links are analyzed by a backtracking method. From the angles of economy, reliability and influence of natural environment on the photovoltaic power station, the operation state of the photovoltaic power station is evaluated, reverse positioning operation weak links according to the evaluation result are realized, and effective information is provided for operation, maintenance and overhaul;
along with the wider application of the distributed photovoltaic, the requirements on the cloud running state of the distributed photovoltaic are higher, most of the current running state evaluation methods of the distributed photovoltaic are single, and the operation of monitoring various indexes in real time is lacking, for example, the running state of the photovoltaic under the influence of natural environment is evaluated, and the running state of the photovoltaic is not evaluated more comprehensively from aspects of internal abnormality of the photovoltaic, power generation efficiency and the like, so that the evaluation result is not accurate and comprehensive.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a distributed photovoltaic running state evaluation method, which is used for more comprehensively evaluating the running state of distributed photovoltaic from three aspects of environment, abnormality and performance, and aims to solve the problems of inaccurate and incomplete evaluation results in the background technology.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a distributed photovoltaic running state evaluation method specifically comprises the following steps:
setting a data monitoring period interval as Zq, automatically collecting temperature, humidity and illumination intensity data around the distributed photovoltaic at the time of each Zq, obtaining an average temperature T, an average relative humidity RH and an average illumination intensity Lux after processing, respectively combining the average temperature T, the average relative humidity RH and the average illumination intensity Lux with corresponding thresholds to form corresponding scores, and combining the scores of the three indexes to form an environment comprehensive score Hj;
automatically collecting direct current and direct voltage data of each solar panel at each monitoring time point, shooting images of the surfaces of each solar panel, and generating an abnormal comprehensive score Yc by judging whether the direct current and the direct voltage are abnormal or not and whether the surfaces of the solar panels are shielded or not to perform abnormal detection on the distributed photovoltaic;
automatically collecting the solar radiation intensity Fs and the solar panel surface temperature T in the current air at each monitoring time point 1 And the electric energy output Wd is used for combining the data to further obtain the solar energy absorptivity Xs and the electric energy conversion rate Dn, and combining the solar energy absorptivity and the electric energy conversion rate to form a performance comprehensive score Xn;
and (3) integrating the calculated environment comprehensive score Hj, the abnormal comprehensive score Yc and the performance comprehensive score Xn, generating a comprehensive score Zh of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period, comparing the comprehensive score Zh with a preset score grade table, and giving out a corresponding evaluation grade according to the comparison result.
Specifically, a plurality of temperature sensors, air humidity sensors and illuminometers are uniformly arranged in a setting area of the distributed photovoltaic, a collection period is set to be T, temperature, air humidity and illumination intensity data around the distributed photovoltaic are automatically collected in each time of T, the data are transmitted to a data processing system, and after the data received by the data processing system are preprocessed, all data of the same type collected at the same time are combined to form an average temperature T, an average air humidity RH and an average illumination intensity Lux, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 The number of the temperature sensor, the air humidity sensor and the illuminometer are respectively represented;
setting a temperature threshold T 0 Combining the calculated average temperature T with a preset temperature threshold value to obtain a temperature score alpha 1 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
setting an air humidity threshold RH 0 Combining the calculated average air humidity RH with a preset air humidity threshold value to obtain a humidity score alpha 2 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
setting a lower threshold Lux of illumination intensity 1 And an illumination intensity upper threshold value Lux 2 Combining the calculated average illumination intensity Lux with a preset illumination intensity threshold value to obtain an illumination intensity score alpha 3 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein Lux is 1 <Lux 2 。
Further, the calculated temperature score alpha 1 Humidity score alpha 2 Illumination intensity score alpha 3 Combining to form an environment comprehensive score Hj of the current time, which specifically comprises the following steps:
Hj＝k 1 *α 1 +k 2 *α 2 +k 3 *α 3
wherein k is 1 、k 2 、k 3 Respectively the temperature scores alpha 1 Humidity score alpha 2 And illumination intensity score alpha 3 Weights of (2)Coefficient of 0<k 2 <k 1 <k 3 <1，k 1 +k 2 +k 3 ＝1。
Specifically, detecting alternating current and alternating voltage on each solar cell panel by using a multi-path ammeter, and connecting the anode and the cathode of the solar cell panel to a photovoltaic wiring terminal corresponding to the multi-path ammeter; selecting Alternating Current (AC) current files of a plurality of electric meters, and stringing the AC current meters into a working loop of a solar cell panel; selecting an alternating-current voltage gear of the multi-path ammeter, and connecting the voltmeter in parallel between the anode and the cathode of the solar cell panel; alternating current of each solar panel acquired at the current time point (Ti)Ac voltage->The data is transmitted to a data processing system;
a camera is arranged beside each solar panel, so that the camera can shoot the whole surface of each solar panel, images of the surface of each solar panel can be automatically shot every T time, and the images are transmitted to an image recognition system; after a series of preprocessing is carried out on the received image, the image recognition system analyzes whether the surface of the solar panel in the current image is blocked, specifically, a detection point is uniformly arranged in the image, the gray value of each monitoring point is detected, the gray value is judged with a gray threshold, and if the number of points with gray exceeding the gray threshold is larger than the blocking point threshold, the radio station energy panel in the current image is judged to be blocked; setting a shading variable Zd, and if the ith layer of solar panel is detected to be shaded, setting the Zd i =1; otherwise, zd i =0; after all solar panels have been processed, each solar panel at the current point in time (Ti) is processedTransmitting the data to a data processing system;
the data processing system collects each solar panel at the current time pointAC currentAc voltage->Occlusion variable +.>Then judging whether the alternating current of each solar panel at the current time point exceeds an alternating current standard threshold value or not one by one and judging whether the alternating current of each solar panel at the last detection time point exceeds the alternating current standard threshold value or not, if so, indicating that the alternating voltage of the current solar panel is abnormal; the alternating voltage and the shielding variable are judged as above; if one of the three indexes is judged to be abnormal, the current solar panel is abnormal, other undetermined indexes are skipped directly, the abnormal condition of the next solar panel is further judged, and the number m of all abnormal solar panels is counted.
Further, combining the counted number m of abnormal solar panels with the total number n of the solar panels to form an abnormal comprehensive score
Specifically, the surface temperature T of the solar panel is measured by a temperature sensor based on a thermistor 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the By monitoring the change of the resistance value of the thermistor, the surface temperature T of the solar panel can be calculated 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Automatically transmitting the measured surface temperature set of each solar panel to a data processing system every Zq time;
after the data processing system receives the surface temperature set of the solar panels, the measured surface temperature T of each solar panel 1 Making a difference with the ambient temperature T to obtain a temperature difference delta T; simplifying each solar panel into a rectangle with length L, width W and thickness d, and calculating each solar panel according to the following formulaHeat loss power P of (2) i ：
Wherein k is the thermal conductivity of the solar panel;
multiplying the heat loss power of each solar panel by the time of one acquisition period to obtain the energy absorbed by each solar panel in the period, and averaging the calculated energy of all the solar panels to obtain the unit solar energy Ty absorbed by the solar panel at the current time point:
wherein n is the total number of the solar panels;
collecting solar radiation intensity Fs around the solar panel using a solar radiometer, placing the solar radiometer in proximity to the solar panel, ensuring that it is able to receive solar radiation; adjusting the induction surface of the solar radiometer to face the sun and ensuring that the induction surface is parallel to the solar panel; adjusting the height and angle of the solar radiometer so that the solar radiometer can receive solar radiation around the solar panel; automatically transmitting the collected solar radiation intensity values to a data processing system every Zq time;
after receiving the solar radiation intensity value, the data processing system combines the calculated unit solar energy Ty absorbed by the solar panel with the measured solar radiation intensity Fs to form the solar energy absorptivity Xs of each period, namely
Specifically, a power meter is connected to the output end of the distributed photovoltaic system, the power generated by the distributed photovoltaic system displayed by the calibrated power meter is recorded, and the power generated data acquired in each acquisition period are transmitted to a data processing system;
after receiving the power generation data of the distributed photovoltaic system in each period, the data processing system multiplies the power generation data by the length of the period to obtain electric energy Wd output by the distributed photovoltaic system in the period; combining the result with the unit solar energy Ty of the corresponding period to obtain the electric energy conversion rate Dn of each period, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
wherein n is the total number of the solar panels.
Further, the calculated solar absorptivity Xs is combined with the electric energy conversion rate Dn to form a performance comprehensive score Xn at the current time, specifically:
Xn＝(k 4 *Xs+k 5 *Dn)*100
wherein k is 4 、k 5 Respectively the weight coefficient of the solar absorptivity Xs and the electric energy conversion Dn, and 0<k 4 <k 5 <1；k 4 +k 5 ＝1。
Further, according to the calculated environmental comprehensive score Hj, abnormal comprehensive score Yc and performance comprehensive score Xn, generating a comprehensive score Zh of the distributed photovoltaic running state in each monitoring period, specifically:
Zh＝μ 1 Hj+μ 2 *Yc+μ 3 *Xn
wherein mu 1 、μ 2 、μ 3 Weight coefficients of the environmental composite score Hj, the abnormal composite score Yc, and the performance composite score Xn, respectively, and 0<μ 2 <μ 1 <μ 3 <1，μ 1 +μ 2 +μ 3 ＝1。
Further, after comprehensive scores of the distributed photovoltaic running states of each monitoring period are calculated, the comprehensive scores are compared with a preset score level table to obtain an evaluation level of each monitoring period;
if the value of the Zh is more than or equal to 90 and less than or equal to 100, the running state of the distributed photovoltaic is rated as A, which means that the running state of the distributed photovoltaic is good, and the distributed photovoltaic can be continuously maintained and enhanced;
if the value of the Zh is not more than 60 and is less than 90, the distributed photovoltaic running state is rated as B level, which means that the distributed photovoltaic running state is still acceptable, but some problems or bottlenecks exist, the evaluation result needs to be further analyzed, possible problem points are found out, and targeted optimization and improvement are carried out;
if Zh is less than 60, the distributed photovoltaic running state is rated as C, which means that the distributed photovoltaic running state is poor, the photovoltaic running needs to be stopped, and measures are taken to carry out targeted maintenance and improvement.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a distributed photovoltaic running state evaluation method, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting an automatic data acquisition and processing mode, manual intervention can be reduced, and the monitoring efficiency and accuracy are improved. Automatically collecting data at regular intervals, analyzing and evaluating the obtained result, and providing timely running state feedback;
2. by collecting the direct current and voltage data of each solar panel and shooting images of the surfaces of the panels, the method can timely find out whether the panels are abnormal or not, such as short circuit, open circuit, shielding and the like, so that corresponding maintenance measures are adopted to ensure the stable operation of the system;
3. the method considers the environmental conditions, abnormal conditions and performance indexes of the distributed photovoltaic system, and comprehensively evaluates the running state of the system. The comprehensive scores of the running states of the distributed photovoltaic are obtained through the scores of the comprehensive multiple indexes, so that the running states of the distributed photovoltaic can be more comprehensively known, and quantitative evaluation can be carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a method for evaluating the operation state of a distributed photovoltaic system according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a distributed photovoltaic operation state evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a data monitoring period interval as Zq, automatically collecting temperature, humidity and illumination intensity data around a distributed photovoltaic every time of Zq, obtaining an average temperature T, an average relative humidity RH and an average illumination intensity Lux after processing, respectively combining the average temperature T, the average relative humidity RH and the average illumination intensity Lux with corresponding thresholds to form corresponding scores, and combining the scores of three indexes to form an environment comprehensive score Hj;
temperature has a significant impact on the operating state of distributed photovoltaics: the efficiency of the photovoltaic module is reduced due to the temperature rise, the photovoltaic module is a semiconductor device with a negative temperature characteristic, the output power of the photovoltaic module is reduced along with the temperature rise, and the open circuit voltage is also reduced; the high temperature also accelerates the aging of the components such as the cable, junction box, etc., and increases the risk of system failure.
Air humidity is also one of important influencing factors of the distributed photovoltaic working state, and the light transmittance of the photovoltaic module can be reduced along with the rise of the humidity, so that the power generation efficiency is reduced; the excessive humidity can cause the surface of the component to accumulate a water film, cause problems such as corrosion and electrical short circuit, and the like, and influence the service life and performance of the component; too high humidity can also lead to poor heat dissipation of the device, thereby increasing the failure rate and lifetime of the device.
The illumination intensity is a direct influence factor of the working state of the distributed photovoltaic, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is directly influenced by the illumination intensity, and in general, the stronger the illumination intensity is, the higher the power generation efficiency is; however, too high illumination intensity may adversely affect the reliability of the device, for example, too high illumination intensity may cause the light transmittance of the photovoltaic module to decrease, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency.
A plurality of temperature sensors, air humidity sensors and illuminometers are uniformly arranged in a setting area of the distributed photovoltaic, the collection period is set to be T, temperature, air humidity and illumination intensity data around the distributed photovoltaic are automatically collected every time T is passed, the data are transmitted to a data processing system, and after the data processing system preprocesses the received data, all data of the same type collected at the same time are combined to form an average temperature T, an average air humidity RH and an average illumination intensity Lux, and the method comprises the following steps:
wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 The number of the temperature sensor, the air humidity sensor and the illuminometer is respectively represented.
In order to better reflect the influence degree of environmental factors on the running state of the distributed photovoltaic, the calculated three index values are required to be converted into corresponding evaluation scores, and the evaluation scores of the three indexes are combined to form an environmental total score, so that the evaluation result is more visual and complete.
Setting a temperature threshold T 0 Combining the calculated average temperature T with a preset temperature threshold value to obtain a temperature score alpha 1 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
setting an air humidity threshold RH 0 Combining the calculated average air humidity RH with a preset air humidity threshold value to obtain a humidity score alpha 2 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
setting a lower threshold Lux of illumination intensity 1 And an illumination intensity upper threshold value Lux 2 Combining the calculated average illumination intensity Lux with a preset illumination intensity threshold value to obtain an illumination intensity score alpha 3 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein Lux is 1 <Lux 2 。
Scoring the calculated temperature alpha 1 Humidity score alpha 2 Illumination intensity score alpha 3 Combining to form an environment comprehensive score Hj of the current time, which specifically comprises the following steps:
Hj＝k 1 *α 1 +k 2 *α 2 +k 3 *α 3
wherein k is 1 、k 2 、k 3 Respectively the temperature scores alpha 1 Humidity score alpha 2 And illumination intensity score alpha 3 And 0<k 2 <k 1 <k 3 <1，，k 1 +k 2 +k 3 ＝1。
The obtained scores can provide comprehensive evaluation of the overall system working state and performance by combining the temperature, the humidity, the illumination intensity and the preset threshold value, and help to make decisions such as fault early warning, performance optimization, system operation and maintenance and the like.
S2, automatically collecting direct current and direct voltage data of each solar cell panel at each monitoring time point, shooting images of the surfaces of each solar cell panel, and generating an abnormal comprehensive score Yc by judging whether the direct current and the direct voltage are abnormal or not and whether the surfaces of the solar cell panels are shielded to perform abnormal detection on the distributed photovoltaic;
the alternating current generated by the solar panel refers to the variation direction and the variation size of the current in a power supply network; the alternating voltage generated refers to the direction and magnitude of the variation of the potential difference in the supply network. The ac current and ac voltage level criteria are determined according to local power criteria and requirements to match the power supply network. The detection of alternating current and alternating voltage on the solar panel facilitates the anomaly detection of distributed photovoltaics.
Using multi-way ammeter inspectionMeasuring alternating current and alternating voltage on each solar cell panel, and connecting the anode and the cathode of the solar cell panel to a photovoltaic wiring terminal corresponding to the multi-path ammeter; selecting Alternating Current (AC) current files of a plurality of electric meters, and stringing the AC current meters into a working loop of a solar cell panel; selecting an alternating-current voltage gear of the multi-path ammeter, and connecting the voltmeter in parallel between the anode and the cathode of the solar cell panel; alternating current of each solar panel acquired at the current time point (Ti)Ac voltageThe data is transferred to a data processing system.
The solar panels are shielded, so that the received light energy is reduced, and the working efficiency of the photovoltaic is directly influenced, and therefore, whether the work of each solar panel is abnormal or not can be further judged by carrying out surface coverage detection on each solar panel.
A camera is arranged beside each solar panel, so that the camera can shoot the whole surface of each solar panel, images of the surface of each solar panel can be automatically shot every T time, and the images are transmitted to an image recognition system; after a series of preprocessing is carried out on the received image, the image recognition system analyzes whether the surface of the solar panel in the current image is blocked, specifically, a detection point is uniformly arranged in the image, the gray value of each monitoring point is detected, the gray value is judged with a gray threshold, and if the number of points with gray exceeding the gray threshold is larger than the blocking point threshold, the radio station energy panel in the current image is judged to be blocked; setting a shading variable Zd, and if the ith layer of solar panel is detected to be shaded, setting the Zd i =1; otherwise, zd i =0; after all solar panels have been processed, each solar panel at the current point in time (Ti) is processedTo the data processing system.
The data processing system collects alternating current of each solar panel at the current time pointAc voltage->Occlusion variable +.>Then judging whether the alternating current of each solar panel at the current time point exceeds an alternating current standard threshold value or not one by one and judging whether the alternating current of each solar panel at the last detection time point exceeds the alternating current standard threshold value or not, if so, indicating that the alternating voltage of the current solar panel is abnormal; the alternating voltage and the shielding variable are judged as above;
if one of the three indexes is judged to be abnormal, the abnormal condition of the current solar panel is indicated, other indexes which are not judged are directly skipped, and then the abnormal condition of the next solar panel is judged. Counting the number m of abnormal solar panels by the following codes:
int m＝0；
for(int i＝1；i≤n；i++){
m++；
continue；}
m++；
continue；}
m++；
continue；}
else{
m＝m；}}
wherein n is the total number of solar panels in the distributed photovoltaic, A o For the standard threshold of alternating current, U o Is an ac voltage standard threshold.
Combining the counted number m of abnormal solar panels with the total number n of the solar panels to form an abnormal comprehensive score
The distributed photovoltaic operation state is evaluated abnormally by detecting the alternating current and the alternating voltage of each solar power generation plate and whether the power generation plates are covered or not, so that the situation and the performance of the system can be better known, the problems can be timely found and solved, the system configuration is optimized, the efficiency and the stability of the system are improved, and meanwhile, a reference basis can be provided for the maintenance and the update of the system.
S3, automatically collecting the solar radiation intensity Fs and the surface temperature T of the solar panel in the current air at each monitoring time point 1 And the electric energy output Wd is used for combining the data to further obtain the solar energy absorptivity Xs and the electric energy conversion rate Dn, and combining the solar energy absorptivity and the electric energy conversion rate to form a performance comprehensive score Xn;
solar absorptivity refers to the solar radiation absorption capacity of a photovoltaic panel; the solar absorptivity directly determines the generated energy of the distributed photovoltaic system, and the higher the solar absorptivity of the photovoltaic module is, the larger the generated energy is under the same condition; the change of the solar absorptivity can influence the running state of the distributed photovoltaic system; during the operation of the distributed photovoltaic system, the solar energy absorptivity may change due to the influence of various factors, thereby affecting the power generation amount and stability of the system. The solar absorptivity can be calculated from the solar radiation intensity and the solar energy absorbed by the photovoltaic panel.
Measuring solar cells by thermistor-based temperature sensorsSurface temperature T of plate 1 The principle of a thermistor is to measure temperature based on the temperature-dependent properties of the resistance of a material. In the solar cell, a thermistor may be placed on the surface or inside the cell, and when the temperature of the solar cell changes, the resistance value of the thermistor also changes accordingly. By measuring the change of the resistance value, the surface temperature T of the solar panel can be calculated 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The measured surface temperature set of each solar panel is automatically transmitted to the data processing system every Zq time.
After the data processing system receives the surface temperature set of the solar panels, the measured surface temperature T of each solar panel 1 Making a difference with the ambient temperature T to obtain a temperature difference delta T; simplifying each solar panel into a rectangle with length L, width W and thickness d, and calculating heat loss power P of each solar panel according to the following formula i ：
Where k is the thermal conductivity of the solar panel.
Multiplying the heat loss power of each solar panel by the time of one acquisition period to obtain the energy absorbed by each solar panel in the period, and averaging the calculated energy of all the solar panels to obtain the unit solar energy Ty absorbed by the solar panel at the current time point:
wherein n is the total number of the solar panels.
Collecting solar radiation intensity Fs around the solar panel using a solar radiometer, placing the solar radiometer in proximity to the solar panel, ensuring that it is able to receive solar radiation; adjusting the induction surface of the solar radiometer to face the sun and ensuring that the induction surface is parallel to the solar panel; adjusting the height and angle of the solar radiometer so that the solar radiometer can receive solar radiation around the solar panel; the collected solar radiation intensity values are automatically transferred to a data processing system every Zq time.
After receiving the solar radiation intensity value, the data processing system combines the calculated unit solar energy Ty absorbed by the solar panel with the measured solar radiation intensity Fs to form the solar energy absorptivity Xs of each period, namely
The electric energy conversion rate refers to the efficiency of the photovoltaic system to convert absorbed solar energy into electric energy; the power conversion rate directly determines the power generation efficiency of the distributed photovoltaic system. The higher the conversion rate, the more electric energy is generated under the same condition, the higher the system efficiency is, and the change of the conversion rate of the electric energy can influence the operation state of the distributed photovoltaic system. In the operation process of the distributed photovoltaic system, the electric energy conversion rate may be changed due to the influence of various factors, so that the generated energy and the stability of the system are affected. The calculation can be performed according to the electric energy output by the distributed photovoltaic system and the absorbed solar energy.
And connecting the power meter to the output end of the distributed photovoltaic system, recording the generated power of the distributed photovoltaic system displayed by the calibrated power meter, and transmitting the generated power data acquired in each acquisition period to the data processing system.
After receiving the power generation data of the distributed photovoltaic system in each period, the data processing system multiplies the power generation data by the length of the period to obtain electric energy Wd output by the distributed photovoltaic system in the period; combining the result with the unit solar energy Ty of the corresponding period to obtain the electric energy conversion rate Dn of each period, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
wherein n is the total number of the solar panels.
Combining the calculated solar absorptivity Xs with the electric energy conversion rate Dn to form a performance comprehensive score Xn at the current time, wherein the performance comprehensive score Xn is specifically as follows:
Xn＝(k 4 *Xs+k 5 *Dn)*100
wherein k is 4 、k 5 The weight coefficients of the solar absorptivity Xs and the electric energy conversion rate Dn are respectively: 0<k 4 <k 5 <1；k 4 +k 5 ＝1。
Performance evaluation is carried out on the distributed photovoltaic running state by detecting the solar energy absorptivity and the electric energy conversion rate, so that the performance and the reliability of the distributed photovoltaic system can be better known, the system design and the type selection are optimized, the power generation efficiency is improved, the reliability and the stability of the system are ensured, and maintenance and repair work are guided, thereby reducing the total possession cost of the system and prolonging the service life of the system.
S4, integrating the calculated environment comprehensive score Hj, the abnormal comprehensive score Yc and the performance comprehensive score Xn, generating a comprehensive score Zh of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period, comparing the comprehensive score Zh with a preset score grade table, and giving out a corresponding evaluation grade according to a comparison result.
Generating a comprehensive score Zh of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period according to the calculated environment comprehensive score Hj, the abnormal comprehensive score Yc and the performance comprehensive score Xn, wherein the comprehensive score Zh is specifically as follows:
Zh＝μ 1 *Hj+μ 2 *Yc+μ 3 *Xn
wherein mu 1 、μ 2 、μ 3 Weight coefficients of the environmental composite score Hj, the abnormal composite score Yc, and the performance composite score Xn, respectively, and 0<μ 2 <μ 1 <μ 3 <1，μ 1 +μ 2 +μ 3 ＝1。
After comprehensive grading of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period is calculated, the comprehensive grading Zh can be compared with a preset grading grade table to obtain an evaluation grade of each monitoring period; the comprehensive scores Zh calculated at all monitoring time points in one day can also be combined to form the distributed photovoltaic transportation in one dayComprehensive scoring of row status Zh Total (S) And comparing the comprehensive scores with the score grading table to obtain the evaluation grade of the distributed photovoltaic running state in one day.
The preset scoring grade table is as follows:
| quality assessment score Zh | Evaluation grade |
| 90≤Zh≤100 | A |
| 60≤Zh<90 | B |
| Zh<60 | C |
Class a represents that the distributed photovoltaic operation is good and can continue to be maintained and enhanced. Specific measures can include strengthening equipment maintenance, periodically checking the running state and the power generation amount of the system, and ensuring the stability and the reliability of the system; the B grade represents that the running state of the distributed photovoltaic is still acceptable, but has some problems or bottlenecks, the evaluation result needs to be further analyzed, possible problem points are found out, and targeted optimization and improvement are carried out; the class C represents that the running state of the distributed photovoltaic is poor, the photovoltaic running needs to be stopped, and measures are taken to carry out targeted maintenance and improvement.
And sending the evaluation result to all staff of the distributed photovoltaic system in real time through the mobile terminal so as to remind the staff of carrying out corresponding correction and adjustment.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention, but to enable any modification, equivalent or improvement to be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A distributed photovoltaic running state evaluation method is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
setting a data monitoring period interval as Zq, automatically collecting temperature, humidity and illumination intensity data around the distributed photovoltaic at the time of each Zq, obtaining an average temperature T, an average relative humidity RH and an average illumination intensity Lux after processing, respectively combining the average temperature T, the average relative humidity RH and the average illumination intensity Lux with corresponding thresholds to form corresponding scores, and combining the scores of the three indexes to form an environment comprehensive score Hj;
automatically collecting direct current and direct voltage data of each solar panel at each monitoring time point, shooting images of the surfaces of each solar panel, and generating an abnormal comprehensive score Yc by judging whether the direct current and the direct voltage are abnormal or not and whether the surfaces of the solar panels are shielded or not to perform abnormal detection on the distributed photovoltaic;
automatically collecting the solar radiation intensity Fs and the solar panel surface temperature T in the current air at each monitoring time point 1 And the electric energy output Wd is used for combining the data to further obtain the solar energy absorptivity Xs and the electric energy conversion rate Dn, and combining the solar energy absorptivity and the electric energy conversion rate to form a performance comprehensive score Xn; combining the calculated solar absorptivity Xs with the electric energy conversion rate Dn to form a performance comprehensive score Xn at the current time, wherein the performance comprehensive score Xn is specifically as follows:
Xn＝(k 4 *Xs+k 5 *Dn)*100
wherein k is 4 、k 5 Solar absorptivity X respectivelys and the electric energy conversion rate Dn, and: k is 0 < k 4 ＜k 5 ＜1；k 4 +k 5 ＝1；
The calculated environment comprehensive score Hj, the abnormal comprehensive score Yc and the performance comprehensive score Xn are integrated to generate a comprehensive score Zh of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period, and the comprehensive score Zh is compared with a preset score grade table, and corresponding evaluation grades are given according to the comparison result; wherein,
generating a comprehensive score Zh of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period according to the calculated environment comprehensive score Hj, the abnormal comprehensive score Yc and the performance comprehensive score Xn, wherein the comprehensive score Zh is specifically as follows:
Zh＝μ 1 *Hj+μ 2 *Yc+μ 3 *Xn
wherein mu 1 、μ 2 、μ 3 Weight coefficients of the environmental composite score Hj, the abnormal composite score Yc and the performance composite score Xn are respectively, and 0 < mu 2 ＜μ 1 ＜μ 3 ＜1，μ 1 +μ 2 +μ 3 ＝1。
2. A distributed photovoltaic operational status assessment method according to claim 1, wherein:
a plurality of temperature sensors, air humidity sensors and illuminometers are uniformly arranged in a setting area of the distributed photovoltaic, the collection period is set to be T, temperature, air humidity and illumination intensity data around the distributed photovoltaic are automatically collected every time T is passed, the data are transmitted to a data processing system, and after the data processing system preprocesses the received data, all data of the same type collected at the same time are combined to form an average temperature T, an average air humidity RH and an average illumination intensity Lux, and the method comprises the following steps:
wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 Respectively represent temperature sensor and airThe number of humidity sensors and illuminometers.
3. A distributed photovoltaic operational status assessment method according to claim 2, wherein:
setting a temperature threshold T 0 Combining the calculated average temperature T with a preset temperature threshold value to obtain a temperature score alpha 1 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
setting an air humidity threshold RH 0 Combining the calculated average air humidity RH with a preset air humidity threshold value to obtain a humidity score alpha 2 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
setting a lower threshold Lux of illumination intensity 1 And an illumination intensity upper threshold value Lux 2 Combining the calculated average illumination intensity Lux with a preset illumination intensity threshold value to obtain an illumination intensity score alpha 3 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein Lux is 1 ＜Lux 2 。
4. A distributed photovoltaic operational status assessment method according to claim 3 and wherein:
scoring the calculated temperature alpha 1 Humidity score alpha 2 Illumination intensity score alpha 3 Combining to form an environment comprehensive score Hj of the current time, which specifically comprises the following steps:
Hj＝k 1 *α 1 +k 2 *α 2 +k 3 *α 3
wherein k is 1 、k 2 、k 3 Respectively the temperature scores alpha 1 Humidity score alpha 2 And illumination intensity score alpha 3 Weight coefficient of (c), and: k is 0 < k 2 ＜k 1 ＜k 3 ＜1，k 1 +k 2 +k 3 ＝1。
5. A distributed photovoltaic operational status assessment method according to claim 1, wherein:
the acquired alternating current of each solar panel acquired at the current time point (Ti)Ac voltage->The data is transmitted to a data processing system; automatically shooting an image on the surface of the solar panel every time T is passed, and transmitting the image to an image recognition system;
analyzing whether the surface of the solar panel in the current image is blocked or not, setting a blocking variable Zd, and if the ith layer of solar panel is detected to be blocked, then Zd i =1; otherwise, zd i =0; after all solar panels have been processed, each solar panel at the current point in time (Ti) is processedTransmitting the data to a data processing system;
collecting the alternating current of each solar panel at the current time pointAc voltage->Occlusion variableThen judging whether the alternating current of each solar panel at the current time point exceeds an alternating current standard threshold value or not one by one and judging whether the alternating current of each solar panel at the last detection time point exceeds the alternating current standard threshold value or not one by one, if so, indicating that the alternating voltage of the current solar panel is abnormal; the mode of judging the alternating voltage and the shielding variable is consistent with the mode of judging the alternating current.
6. A distributed photovoltaic run status assessment method according to claim 5, wherein:
if one of the three indexes is judged to be abnormal, the current solar panel is abnormal, other indexes which are not judged are skipped, the abnormal condition of the next solar panel is further judged, and the number m of all abnormal solar panels is counted;
combining the counted numerical value of the number m of the abnormal solar panels with the total number n of the solar panels to form an abnormal comprehensive score Yc:
7. a distributed photovoltaic operational status assessment method according to claim 1, wherein:
measuring the surface temperature T of a solar panel 1 Automatically transmitting the measured surface temperature set of each solar panel to a data processing system every time Zq is exceeded; after the data processing system receives the surface temperature set of the solar panels, the measured surface temperature T of each solar panel 1 Making a difference with the ambient temperature T to obtain a temperature difference delta T;
simplifying each solar panel into a rectangle with length L, width W and thickness d, and calculating heat loss power P of each solar panel according to the following formula i ：
Wherein k is the thermal conductivity of the solar panel;
multiplying the heat loss power of each panel by P i The energy absorbed by each solar panel in the period can be obtained by the time of one acquisition period, and then the unit solar energy Ty absorbed by the solar panels at the current time point can be obtained by averaging the calculated energy of all the solar panels:
wherein n is the total number of the solar panels.
8. The method for evaluating the operation state of a distributed photovoltaic according to claim 7, wherein:
collecting solar radiation intensity Fs around the solar panel using a solar radiometer, placing the solar radiometer in proximity to the solar panel, ensuring that it is able to receive solar radiation; adjusting the induction surface of the solar radiometer to face the sun and ensuring that the induction surface is parallel to the solar panel; adjusting the height and angle of the solar radiometer so that the solar radiometer can receive solar radiation around the solar panel; automatically transmitting the collected solar radiation intensity values to a data processing system every Zq time;
after receiving the solar radiation intensity value, the data processing system combines the calculated unit solar energy Ty absorbed by the solar panel with the measured solar radiation intensity Fs to form the solar energy absorptivity Xs of each period, namely
9. A distributed photovoltaic operational status assessment method according to claim 1, wherein:
connecting a power meter to the output end of the distributed photovoltaic system, recording the power generation power of the distributed photovoltaic system displayed by the calibrated power meter, and transmitting the power generation power data acquired in each acquisition period to a data processing system;
after receiving the power generation data of the distributed photovoltaic system in each period, the data processing system multiplies the power generation data by the length of the period to obtain electric energy Wd output by the distributed photovoltaic system in the period; combining the result with the unit solar energy Ty of the corresponding period to obtain the electric energy conversion rate Dn of each period, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
wherein n is the total number of the solar panels.
10. A distributed photovoltaic operational status assessment method according to claim 9 and wherein:
calculating a comprehensive score of the distributed photovoltaic running state of each monitoring period, and comparing the comprehensive score with a preset score grade table to obtain an evaluation grade of each monitoring period;
if the value of the Zh is more than or equal to 90 and less than or equal to 100, the running state of the distributed photovoltaic is rated as A, and the running state of the distributed photovoltaic is good and is kept and strengthened continuously;
if the value of the Zh is more than or equal to 60 and less than 90, the distributed photovoltaic running state is rated as B grade, the distributed photovoltaic running state is still acceptable, the evaluation result is further analyzed, and targeted optimization and improvement are carried out;
if Zh is less than 60, the distributed photovoltaic running state is rated as C, the distributed photovoltaic running state is poor, the photovoltaic running is stopped, and measures are taken to conduct targeted maintenance and improvement.
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| CN117895571B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-05-17 | 中国公路工程咨询集团有限公司 | Interruption control method for photovoltaic inverter system |
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