CN111614317B - IV curve scanning-based diagnosis method for shadow shielding of photovoltaic panel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning, which comprises the following steps of: s1, analyzing the efficiency of a group of serial systems: and calculating the string-level system efficiency according to the string real-time data, and if the system efficiency is lower than a threshold value, performing string IV curve scanning analysis and string output electric power discrete rate analysis. The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power stations. The diagnosis method provided by the invention mainly utilizes the measuring point data of the inverter group strings, and performs statistical comparison on all the inverter group strings by combining a group string IV curve scanning through a series of algorithms such as electric power distribution analysis, efficiency analysis, electric power dispersion rate analysis, voltage and current dispersion analysis and the like, so as to judge whether the group strings have excessive dust accumulation or shadow shielding phenomenon, so that the photovoltaic panel shadow shielding can be diagnosed remotely, staff is not required to perform regular inspection, the tedious workload of the staff is greatly reduced, and the method is simple and convenient in actual operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power stations, in particular to a photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning.
Background
The photovoltaic power station is a photovoltaic power generation system which is connected with a power grid and transmits power to the power grid, is made of special materials such as crystalline silicon plates, inverters and other electronic elements, and can be divided into an independent power generation system with a storage battery and a grid-connected power generation system without the storage battery, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system is divided into photo-thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation, and solar electric energy entering commercialization at the present time refers to solar photovoltaic power generation, and a photovoltaic power generation product is mainly used for three aspects: the solar photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is used for providing power for electroless occasions, solar electronic products such as various solar chargers, solar street lamps and various lamps on solar grasslands, and grid-connected power generation.
In the prior art, the shadow shielding judgment of the photovoltaic panel area of the photovoltaic power station mainly depends on manual regular inspection to check, however, hundreds of thousands of photovoltaic panels exist in one photovoltaic panel factory area, the number of the photovoltaic panels is very large, the photovoltaic panels are measured by manpower alone, the difficulty is very large in the actual operation process, the efficiency is low, the period is long, the actual effectiveness is low, meanwhile, the photovoltaic power station needs to be unattended in the future, the photovoltaic panels are monitored by manpower, and the method is obviously difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic panel shadow shielding diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning, and solves the problems that the existing photovoltaic plant shadow shielding or dust accumulation inspection needs to be carried out by manpower measurement inspection, so that the difficulty is high, the efficiency is low, the period is long, and the effectiveness is low.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a photovoltaic panel shadow blocking diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing the efficiency of a group serial system: calculating the string level system efficiency according to the string real-time data, if the system efficiency is lower than a threshold value, performing string IV curve scanning analysis and string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and if the system efficiency is higher than or equal to the threshold value, determining that the current string runs normally, and stopping diagnosis of the current string;
s2, analyzing the discrete rate of the output electric power of the group string: when the system efficiency result calculated in the step S1 is lower than the threshold value, the operation of the step is started, all the strings under the same inverter are subjected to string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and the discrete rate and the threshold value are compared;
s3, scanning and analyzing a group IV curve: when the system efficiency result calculated in the S1 is lower than the threshold value, starting the operation of the step, and drawing an IV curve according to parameters such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), maximum power point voltage (Vmpp), maximum power point current (Impp), peak electric power (Pmax) and the like under the group string standard test environment;
s4, analyzing the dispersion of the output voltage of the string: after the analysis in the S1 is completed, calculating the group string output voltage dispersion according to the real-time data, judging the size between the group string output voltage dispersion and a threshold value, then carrying out analysis according to a judgment result, wherein the voltage dispersion is judged to have four results which are respectively higher than the threshold value, zero, lower than the threshold value and equal to the threshold value, and if the group string output voltage dispersion is lower than or equal to the threshold value, the group string output current dispersion analysis needs to be continuously carried out;
s5, analyzing the deviation of the output current of the string: calculating the deviation of the string output current according to the real-time data, judging the magnitude between the deviation of the string output current and a threshold value, and analyzing according to a judgment result, wherein the result has four conditions, namely, the deviation is higher than the threshold value, zero, lower than the threshold value and equal to the threshold value;
and S6, after analysis by each method in S1-S5, when the abnormal mark is found in the string, comparing the abnormal mark with the current data, and eliminating the abnormality caused by accidental reasons.
Further, when the efficiency of the group cascade system is calculated in S1, the output power value of all the group strings, the voltage and the current value of the group strings need to be accessed, if the system for calculating the maximum power point exists in the plant, the voltage value, the current value and the maximum power of the maximum power point need to be accessed, and if the system does not exist, a same illumination intensity can be calculated through historical data statistics, and the value of the maximum power at the same temperature is the maximum power point.
Further, if the discrete rate in S2 is lower than the threshold, it indicates that the whole operation of the lower group string of the inverter is stable, and the reason that the efficiency of the group string system is low may be caused by the whole being shielded by dust or other objects, and if the discrete rate is higher than or equal to the threshold, it indicates that the whole conversion efficiency of the lower group string of the inverter fluctuates, and the reason that the efficiency of the group string changing system is low may be caused by a fault problem occurring in the group string, and a detailed fault diagnosis of the group string in the next step is performed.
Further, when the IV curve is drawn in S3, the IV characteristic curve of the photovoltaic string needs to be obtained by the subsequent power electronic device, and then, according to the position of the real-time output voltage, current, and electric power scan output point of the string on the IV curve graph, whether the string is abnormal or not and the reason for the abnormality is analyzed.
Further, the judgment criteria of the result in S4 may be divided into: if the group string output voltage deviation is higher than the threshold value, the fact that the group string and other group strings have huge voltage difference under the same environment is shown, if the voltage is zero, a short-circuit fault is judged to occur, and if the voltage is not zero, the reason for the situation may be that the group string has hot spot fault and shares partial voltage.
Further, the output current deviation result of the string set in S5 is based on: if the deviation of the output current of the group string is higher than the threshold value, the fact that the current of the group string is greatly different from that of other group strings in the same environment is indicated, if the current is zero, an open-circuit fault is judged, if the current is not zero, the situation is caused possibly because the group string is shaded by a shadow, partial illumination is reduced, and if the deviation of the output current of the group string is lower than or equal to the threshold value, the situation is caused possibly because the group string is abnormally aged.
Further, the group string output current dispersion in S5 is a ratio of a difference between an output current of a single group string and an average value of group string output currents with the same amount of machine loading of the same inverter unit to an average value of group string output currents with the same amount of machine loading of the same inverter unit.
Further, the accidental cause in S6 may be that, if a fault diagnosis is triggered by an inversion abnormality, the fault diagnosis is performed on the group strings under inversion one by one, and if the fault diagnosis is triggered by the group string output electric power probability distribution analysis, the fault diagnosis is performed on the group strings lower than the distribution probability threshold one by one.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the photovoltaic panel shadow shielding diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning mainly utilizes the measuring point data of the inverter group strings, and carries out statistical comparison on all the inverter group strings by combining group string IV curve scanning through a plurality of algorithms such as electric power distribution analysis, efficiency analysis, electric power dispersion rate analysis, voltage and current dispersion analysis and the like, so as to judge whether the group strings have excessive dust accumulation or shadow shielding phenomenon, the photovoltaic panel shadow shielding can be remotely diagnosed, the remote data operation is realized, staff is not required to carry out regular inspection, the traditional manual inspection mode is replaced, the tedious workload of workers is greatly reduced, the method is simpler and more convenient in the actual operation process, and the inspection timeliness is improved, so that the fault inspection efficiency is further improved, a large amount of manpower is saved, and the use requirements of a photovoltaic power station can be well met.
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FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an analysis diagram of a string IV curve in the photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of diagnostic logic of the photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnostic method based on IV curve scanning according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a photovoltaic panel shadow blocking diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing the efficiency of a group of serial systems: calculating the string-level system efficiency according to the string real-time data, if the system efficiency is lower than a threshold value, performing string IV curve scanning analysis and string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and if the system efficiency is higher than or equal to the threshold value, determining that the current string runs normally, and stopping diagnosis of the current string;
s2, analyzing the discrete rate of the output electric power of the group string: when the system efficiency result calculated in the S1 is lower than the threshold value, the operation of the step is started, all strings under the same inverter are subjected to string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and the discrete rate and the threshold value are compared;
s3, scanning and analyzing a group string IV curve: when the system efficiency result calculated in the step S1 is lower than the threshold, starting the operation of the step, and drawing an IV curve according to parameters such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), maximum power point voltage (Vmpp), maximum power point current (Impp), peak electric power (Pmax) and the like in the string standard test environment;
s4, analyzing the deviation of the output voltage of the string group: after the analysis in the S1 is completed, calculating the group string output voltage dispersion according to the real-time data, judging the size between the group string output voltage dispersion and a threshold value, then carrying out analysis according to a judgment result, wherein the voltage dispersion is judged to have four results which are respectively higher than the threshold value, zero, lower than the threshold value and equal to the threshold value, and if the group string output voltage dispersion is lower than or equal to the threshold value, the group string output current dispersion analysis needs to be continuously carried out;
s5, analyzing the deviation of the output current of the string: calculating the deviation of the string output current according to the real-time data, judging the magnitude between the deviation of the string output current and a threshold value, and analyzing according to a judgment result, wherein the result has four conditions, namely, the deviation is higher than the threshold value, zero, lower than the threshold value and equal to the threshold value;
and S6, after analysis by each method in S1-S5, when the abnormal mark is found in the string, comparing the abnormal mark with the current data, and eliminating the abnormality caused by accidental reasons.
When the efficiency of the group cascade system is calculated in the step S1, the output power values of all the group strings, the voltage values and the current values of the group strings need to be accessed, if a system with a maximum power point calculation is available in a plant, the voltage value, the current value and the maximum power value of the maximum power point need to be accessed, if the system with the maximum power point calculation is not available in the plant, the same illumination intensity can be calculated through historical data statistics, and the value of the maximum power at the same temperature is the maximum power point.
If the discrete rate in the step S2 is lower than the threshold, it indicates that the whole operation of the group string under the inverter is stable, and the reason that the efficiency of the group string system is low may be caused by the whole being shielded by dust or other objects, and if the discrete rate is higher than or equal to the threshold, it indicates that the whole conversion efficiency of the group string under the inverter fluctuates, and the reason that the efficiency of the group string level system is low may be caused by the fault problem of the group string, and the detailed fault diagnosis of the group string in the next step is performed.
When the IV curve is drawn in S3, the IV characteristic curve of the photovoltaic string needs to be obtained by the subsequent power electronic device, and then, according to the position of the real-time output voltage, current, and electric power scan output point of the string on the IV curve graph, it is determined whether the string is abnormal and the reason for the abnormality is analyzed.
The judgment basis of the result in S4 can be divided into: if the deviation of the output voltage of the group string is higher than the threshold value, the fact that the group string and other group strings have great difference in voltage under the same environment is shown, if the voltage is zero, a short-circuit fault is judged to occur, and if the voltage is not zero, the reason for the situation is that the group string has a hot spot fault and shares partial voltage.
The output current dispersion result of the group string in the S5 is based on the following steps: if the deviation of the output current of the group string is higher than the threshold value, the fact that the current of the group string is greatly different from that of other group strings in the same environment is shown, if the current is zero, an open-circuit fault is judged, if the current is not zero, the reason of the situation can be that the group string is shaded by a shadow, partial illumination is reduced, and if the deviation of the output current of the group string is lower than or equal to the threshold value, the situation can be caused by abnormal aging of the group string.
The group string output current dispersion in the S5 is the ratio of the output current of a single group string to the average value of the output current of the group string with the same loading amount of the same inverter unit after the output current of the single group string is different from the average value of the output current of the group string with the same loading amount of the same inverter unit.
In S6, there may be an accidental reason, such as fault diagnosis triggered by an inversion abnormality, that is, fault diagnosis is required to be performed on the group strings under inversion one by one, and such as fault diagnosis triggered by analysis of probability distribution of output electric power of the group strings, that is, fault diagnosis is required to be performed on the group strings lower than a distribution probability threshold one by one.
Detailed description of the calculation flow: step 1, starting: accessing the output power values of all the strings, the voltage and the current values of the strings, and accessing the voltage value, the current value and the maximum power of the maximum power point if a system with the maximum power point calculation in a plant station needs to access, wherein the historical data does not calculate the same illumination intensity, and the value of the maximum power at the same temperature is the maximum power point;
(1) The voltage is zero: judging whether illumination exists, wherein if the illumination exists, short-circuit faults can occur in the string;
(2) The current is zero: judging whether illumination exists, if so, the string group may have open circuit fault
(3) Low voltage: under normal ambient temperature, the voltage floating range is not large, and if the voltage is lower than the floating range, the voltage may be caused by hot spot fault of the string;
(4) Low current: the current magnitude is related to the illumination, passing through the pair
And
for comparison, e.g.
The group string is higher than a certain range and may be caused by local shadow shielding or dust shielding;
(5) Low voltage and low current: at normal ambient temperature and under normal illumination, the strings simultaneously generate low voltage and low current, which may be caused by abnormal aging of the strings;
the specific analysis logic of the exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, and it can be concluded that the above 5 results are all diagnostic results with illumination intensity greater than 200W/m 2 On the premise, the threshold value of the exemplary embodiment is 80%, if the voltage is less than 80% of the voltage of the maximum power point and the current is greater than 80% of the current of the maximum power point, the hot spot fault is inferred. And so on, the other conclusions are the same.
The working principle is as follows:
s1, analyzing the efficiency of a group serial system: calculating the string level system efficiency according to the string real-time data, if the system efficiency is lower than a threshold value, performing string IV curve scanning analysis and string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and if the system efficiency is higher than or equal to the threshold value, determining that the current string runs normally, and stopping diagnosis of the current string;
s2, analyzing the discrete rate of the group output electric power: when the system efficiency result calculated in the S1 is lower than the threshold value, the operation of the step is started, all strings under the same inverter are subjected to string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and the discrete rate and the threshold value are compared;
s3, scanning and analyzing a group IV curve: when the system efficiency result calculated in the S1 is lower than the threshold value, starting the operation of the step, and drawing an IV curve according to parameters such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), maximum power point voltage (Vmpp), maximum power point current (Impp), peak electric power (Pmax) and the like under the group string standard test environment;
s4, analyzing the deviation of the output voltage of the string group: after the analysis in the S1 is completed, calculating the group string output voltage dispersion according to the real-time data, judging the size between the group string output voltage dispersion and a threshold value, then carrying out analysis according to a judgment result, wherein the voltage dispersion is judged to have four results which are respectively higher than the threshold value, zero, lower than the threshold value and equal to the threshold value, and if the group string output voltage dispersion is lower than or equal to the threshold value, the group string output current dispersion analysis needs to be continuously carried out;
s5, analyzing the deviation of the output current of the string: calculating the deviation of the output current of the string according to the real-time data, judging the magnitude between the deviation of the output current of the string and a threshold value, and analyzing according to a judgment result, wherein the result has four conditions, namely, the deviation is higher than the threshold value, the deviation is zero, the deviation is lower than the threshold value and the deviation is equal to the threshold value;
and S6, after analysis by each method in S1-S5, when the abnormal mark is found in the string, comparing the abnormal mark with the current data, and eliminating the abnormality caused by accidental reasons.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A photovoltaic panel shadow blocking diagnosis method based on IV curve scanning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, analyzing the efficiency of a group of serial systems: calculating the string level system efficiency according to the string real-time data, if the system efficiency is lower than a threshold value, performing string IV curve scanning analysis and string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and if the system efficiency is higher than or equal to the threshold value, determining that the current string runs normally, and stopping diagnosis of the current string;
s2, analyzing the discrete rate of the group output electric power: when the system efficiency result calculated in the S1 is lower than the threshold value, the operation of the step is started, all strings under the same inverter are subjected to string output electric power discrete rate analysis, and the discrete rate and the threshold value are compared;
s3, scanning and analyzing a group IV curve: when the system efficiency result calculated in the step S1 is lower than the threshold, starting the operation of the step, and drawing an IV curve according to the open-circuit voltage (Voc), the short-circuit current (Isc), the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp), the maximum power point current (Impp), and the peak electric power (Pmax) in the string standard test environment;
s4, analyzing the deviation of the output voltage of the string group: after the analysis is completed in the S1, calculating the group string output voltage deviation according to the real-time data, judging the size between the group string output voltage deviation and a threshold value, then carrying out the analysis according to a judgment result, wherein the judgment voltage deviation has four results which are respectively higher than the threshold value, zero, lower than the threshold value and equal to the threshold value, and if the group string output voltage deviation is lower than or equal to the threshold value, the group string output current deviation analysis needs to be continuously carried out;
s5, analyzing the deviation of the output current of the string: calculating the deviation of the output current of the string according to the real-time data, judging the magnitude between the deviation of the output current of the string and a threshold value, and analyzing according to a judgment result, wherein the result has four conditions, namely, the deviation is higher than the threshold value, the deviation is zero, the deviation is lower than the threshold value and the deviation is equal to the threshold value;
s6, after the analysis of each method in S1-S5, when the abnormal mark is found in the string, the abnormal mark can be compared with the data in the past period, and the abnormal mark caused by accidental reasons is eliminated;
when the efficiency of the group cascade system is calculated in the S1, the output power values of all the group strings, the voltage values and the current values of the group strings need to be accessed, if a system with the maximum power point calculation exists in a plant, the voltage values, the current values and the maximum power of the maximum power point also need to be accessed, if the system does not exist, the same illumination intensity can be calculated through historical data statistics, and the value of the maximum power at the same temperature is the maximum power point;
if the discrete rate in the S2 is lower than the threshold value, it is indicated that the whole operation of the lower group of strings of the inverter is stable, and the reason of low efficiency of the string grouping system is probably caused by the fact that the whole is shielded by dust or other objects, and if the discrete rate is higher than or equal to the threshold value, it is indicated that the whole conversion efficiency of the lower group of strings of the inverter fluctuates, and the reason of low efficiency of the string grouping system is probably caused by the fact that the group strings have fault problems, and then the next group of strings are subjected to detailed fault diagnosis;
when the IV curve is drawn in S3, the IV characteristic curve of the photovoltaic string needs to be obtained by the subsequent power electronic device, and then, according to the position of the real-time output voltage, current, and electric power scan output point of the string on the IV curve graph, it is determined whether the string is abnormal and the reason for the abnormality is analyzed.
2. The photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnostic method based on IV curve scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the judgment basis of the result in S4 can be divided into: if the deviation of the output voltage of the group string is higher than the threshold value, the fact that the group string and other group strings have great difference in voltage under the same environment is shown, if the voltage is zero, a short-circuit fault is judged to occur, and if the voltage is not zero, the reason for the situation is that the group string has a hot spot fault and shares partial voltage.
3. The photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnostic method based on IV curve scanning as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the deviation result basis of the output current of the group string in the S5 is as follows: if the deviation of the output current of the group string is higher than the threshold value, the fact that the current of the group string is greatly different from that of other group strings in the same environment is shown, if the current is zero, an open-circuit fault is judged, if the current is not zero, the reason of the situation can be that the group string is shaded by a shadow, partial illumination is reduced, and if the deviation of the output current of the group string is lower than or equal to the threshold value, the situation can be caused by abnormal aging of the group string.
4. The photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnostic method based on IV curve scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the group string output current dispersion in the S5 is the ratio of the output current of a single group string to the average value of the output current of the group string with the same loading amount of the same inverter unit after the output current of the single group string is different from the average value of the output current of the group string with the same loading amount of the same inverter unit.
5. The photovoltaic panel shadow occlusion diagnostic method based on IV curve scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S6, there may be an accidental reason, such as fault diagnosis triggered by an inversion abnormality, that is, fault diagnosis is required to be performed on the group strings under inversion one by one, and such as fault diagnosis triggered by analysis of probability distribution of output electric power of the group strings, that is, fault diagnosis is required to be performed on the group strings lower than a distribution probability threshold one by one.
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