CN117628732A - Closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of refrigerant and adjusting method - Google Patents
Closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of refrigerant and adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling circulation system of a closed spray coupling micro-channel of a refrigerant and an adjusting method, comprising a compressor; the outlet of the compressor is connected with the heat exchanger unit through an air outlet of the oil-gas separator, the outlet of the first constant-temperature water tank is connected with the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator through a gasification volume regulating valve, the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat exchanger unit through a liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve, the second constant-temperature water tank is connected with the heat exchanger unit through a refrigerant filling ball valve, a spray cavity and a micro-channel, an inlet pipeline is respectively provided with the spray flow regulating valve and the micro-channel flow regulating valve, the spray cavity is arranged on the air floating platform, the outlet of the spray cavity is sequentially connected with a liquid viewing mirror, a cavity pressure regulating valve, a liquid collecting cavity, a low-pressure section ball valve and a second gas-liquid separator, and the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the compressor; the spray cavity is internally provided with a heating element. The invention realizes multi-surface cooling and temperature uniformity control of the heating element.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly relates to a closed spray coupling micro-channel heat dissipation circulation system of a refrigerant and an adjusting method.
Background
High-power devices such as electronic chips and lasers are widely used in medical, military, electronic and other fields. Along with the development of technology, the heat flux density of the high-power element is higher and higher, and the development trend of miniaturization and integration is presented. Efficient thermal management of some high power devices has become one of the technical bottlenecks that restrict the functional enhancement. For example, the machining precision required for laser optical mirrors is extremely high, and engineering requires mirror surface aberrations (PMS) to be less than 1/10 of the helium-neon laser wavelength λ (λ=632.8 nm). In the working process, the reflecting mirror absorbs laser energy and heats up to cause the surface distortion of the reflecting area of the lens, so that the quality of reflected laser is seriously reduced; studies have shown that when the temperature of the electronic equipment is in the range of 70-80 ℃, the reliability of the equipment is reduced by 10% every 2 ℃ when the temperature is increased, and about 55% of failures of the electronic equipment are related to Gao Wenyou. Active cooling is particularly necessary to address the above issues.
Compared with water serving as a circulating working medium, the refrigerant has lower saturation temperature and good insulating property, is more beneficial to cooling electronic and semiconductor elements at room temperature, and can solve the problem of high-efficiency heat dissipation which cannot be met by the traditional cooling method. Compared with the traditional air cooling, the flash evaporation closed spray cooling of the refrigerant has the advantages of high heat radiation capacity, small flow requirement, no overshoot of temperature, no contact thermal resistance with a heating surface and the like; including liquid droplet breaking and atomizing, liquid film evaporation, forced convection, nucleate boiling, secondary nucleate boiling and other complex mechanisms; the micro-channel structure can greatly improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the process, and has the advantages of compact structure, high heat exchange efficiency, light weight and the like. The flash evaporation spray and micro-channel coupling system can realize high heat flux heat dissipation, adjust cold distribution and improve heat exchange efficiency, but the coupling system variable is more complex than a single system, and the system needs to be designed and various circulating parameters are researched according to different application scenes. In addition, the diversified heat source characteristics bring higher demands for heat dissipation, and in order to realize accurate temperature control cooling and packaging compactness of heat sources with different shapes and different powers, the influence of a plurality of relevant parameters of the system needs to be deeply explored in the practical application or scientific research process.
The related patents and documents of the spray cooling system mainly relate to temperature control, flow regulation and the like, but are also very important to the researches on fluid temperature, back pressure, spray pressure, ambient temperature, spray height, spray form, nozzle type and the like; meanwhile, the mass flow, mass dryness, micro-channel structure design and the like of the micro-channel are necessary to be studied. In addition, the variable-power heat source in practical application also requires that the cooling system has adjustability along with the heat source; meanwhile, the high-precision optical lenses and other cooling scenes have higher requirements on the stability and damping characteristics of the cooling system. These are not realized by the basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle system, so that redesign and improvement of the basic refrigeration cycle are necessary, independent adjustment of various parameters of the system is realized, and the requirements of precise heat dissipation and research on diversified application scenes are met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of a refrigerant and an adjusting method. The invention realizes high heat flux density heat dissipation, and performs multi-surface cooling and temperature uniformity control on the heating element.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of a refrigerant, which comprises a compressor, a first constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit, a first gas-liquid separator, a second constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit, a micro-channel flow regulating valve and a spray flow regulating valve;
the outlet of the compressor is connected with the heat exchanger unit through an air outlet of the oil-gas separator and a first constant-temperature water tank, the outlet of the first constant-temperature water tank is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger unit through a gasification quantity regulating valve, the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat exchanger unit through a liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve and a second constant-temperature water tank, the second constant-temperature water tank is connected with the heat exchanger unit through a refrigerant filling ball valve, the spray cavity and the micro-channel are respectively provided with a spray flow regulating valve and a micro-channel flow regulating valve, the spray cavity is arranged on the air floatation platform, the outlet of the spray cavity is sequentially connected with a liquid viewing mirror, a cavity pressure regulating valve, a liquid collecting cavity, a low-pressure section ball valve and a second gas-liquid separator, and the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the compressor;
the spray cavity is internally provided with a heating element.
As a further improvement of the invention, the invention also comprises a cavity bypass; and two ends of the cavity bypass are respectively connected with the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator and the spray cavity, and a cavity bypass regulating valve on the cavity bypass is matched with the opening of the gasification quantity regulating valve to regulate the cavity pressure.
As a further improvement of the invention, the compressor bypass is also included; the two ends of the bypass of the compressor are respectively connected with the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator; the compressor bypass is provided with a compressor bypass regulating valve.
As a further improvement of the invention, the invention also comprises a leakage pressure stabilizing bypass; two ends of the air leakage pressure stabilizing bypass are respectively connected with a front pipeline of the nozzle and an inlet of the second gas-liquid separator; the pressure-stabilizing bypass is provided with a cavity pressure-stabilizing valve.
As a further improvement of the invention, the spray cavity comprises a visual window, a dynamic seal liquid inlet pipeline, a single nozzle/nozzle array, a micro-channel and an auxiliary heater; the dynamic seal liquid inlet pipeline is connected with the single nozzle/nozzle array and used for adjusting the height of the surface of the heating element;
the visual window and the temperature and pressure sensor are arranged on the spray cavity shell, the heating element is arranged in the spray cavity shell, the micro-channel is arranged on the side surface of the heating element, and the auxiliary heater is arranged in the spray cavity.
As a further improvement of the invention, the heating element impacts the surface material to be one or more combinations of red copper, brass and monocrystalline silicon, and the surface structure comprises one or more combinations of a macroscopic structure and a micro-nano structure.
As a further improvement of the invention, the dynamic seal liquid inlet pipeline of the spray cavity is connected with the circulation by adopting a hose, and the spray cavity is arranged on the air floating platform.
As a further improvement of the invention, the liquid collecting cavity is also provided with a liquid collecting cavity auxiliary heater; the liquid outlet of the oil-gas separator is connected with the inlet of the compressor through an oil return ball valve; the refrigerant of the circulating system is one of R134a, R404A, R410A and R32.
As a further improvement of the invention, the invention also comprises a computer, a collecting unit and an adjusting part, wherein the collecting unit comprises a plurality of groups of sensors arranged in the circulating pipeline; the parameter connection acquisition equipment of each sensor is connected with a computer;
the regulating component comprises all electric regulating valves arranged on the circulating pipeline, and the regulating component is connected with the output end of the computer.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for adjusting a closed spray coupling microchannel heat dissipation circulation system of a refrigerant, comprising the following steps:
the evaporation end pipeline of the circulation system is divided into two parts, a form of coupling refrigerant flash evaporation spray cooling and micro-channel cooling is adopted, the spray cooling is used for directly spraying and cooling the top of the heating element, the micro-channel cooling is used for cooling the side surface of the heating element, and the flow distribution of the two heat dissipation modes is used for adjusting the spray cavity; the flow distribution of the spray and the micro-channels is controlled by the micro-channel flow regulating valve and the spray flow regulating valve so as to realize high heat flux heat dissipation, and the heating element is subjected to multi-surface cooling and temperature uniformity control.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the core technology of the invention is that the flash evaporation spray cooling of the refrigerant is coupled with the micro-channel cooling, the phase change heat transfer of the refrigerant is realized, compared with the traditional air cooling and single-phase jet cooling, the heat dissipation of high heat flux density can be realized, and the invention is suitable for the accurate temperature control of the surface with high heat flux density, high stability requirement and high precision. The closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of the refrigerant has adjustability, an evaporation end pipeline is divided into two parts, and the flow distribution of the two cooling modes is adjustable by adopting a mode of coupling flash evaporation spray cooling of the refrigerant and micro-channel cooling. So as to realize high heat flux heat dissipation, and carry out multi-surface cooling and temperature uniformity control on the heating element. The basic spray cooling system can realize flow regulation by installing a regulating valve, but the regulating parameters are limited, and the regulating range is small; according to the invention, independent adjustment of various parameters such as the temperature of liquid before the nozzle, the pressure of the cavity, the pressure of the liquid before the nozzle, the temperature of the cavity, the spray height, the spray, the flow distribution of the micro-channel and the like can be realized, and the adjustment range is enlarged through the design of two air return bypasses, so that the requirements of more intensive researches and the selection of optimal parameters of complex application working conditions are met.
Further, the evaporation end is provided with a spray cavity auxiliary heater, and the spray cavity auxiliary heater is matched with a cavity window and a cavity outlet visualization pipeline to evaporate unvaporized liquid refrigerant, so that the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor is ensured to be in a gaseous state, and the stability of the system is enhanced.
Furthermore, the high-pressure-resistant hose is adopted to connect the spraying cavity and the circulating system, and the cavity is arranged on the air floatation platform, so that vibration of the pipeline compressor, the constant-temperature water tank, the pipeline and the like can be effectively transmitted to the cavity, and the purpose of vibration reduction is achieved.
Furthermore, the invention designs a pressure-stabilizing leakage bypass for connecting the front pipeline of the nozzle and the second gas-liquid separator, and after the system is stopped, the pressure-stabilizing valve is opened, the compressor pumps the refrigerant in the cavity to the high-pressure section, so that the problems of cavity pressure rising caused by the communication between the high-pressure section and the low-pressure section and the liquid phase evaporation in the cavity pipeline after the system is stopped are solved, and the deformation of the heating element is controlled.
Further, the cooling object of the present invention may be an electronic chip or a laser optical lens, but is not limited thereto; the damping, temperature controlling and parameter adjusting functions of the system are applied to various related fields such as aerospace, power electronics, scientific research experiments and the like. The surface structure comprises one or more of a macrostructure and a micro-nano structure. In addition, the nozzle type is single nozzle or nozzle array, can be selected according to the shape, size and distribution of the heat source, and has wide application range.
Drawings
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a closed spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation cycle system for a refrigerant according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray chamber and the micro-channel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system regulation and start-stop method;
fig. 4 is a cyclic pressure enthalpy diagram.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description of the present application and in the above-described figures, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that embodiments of the present application described herein may be capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that in this application, "at least one item" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" for describing the association relationship of the association object, the representation may have three relationships, for example, "a and/or B" may represent: only a, only B and both a and B are present, wherein a, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, B or C may represent: a, B, C, "A and B", "A and C", "B and C", or "A and B and C", wherein A, B, C may be single or plural.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
The invention aims to provide a closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of a refrigerant and an adjusting method. The invention can independently develop and regulate the fluid temperature, cavity pressure, spray pressure, cavity temperature, spray height, nozzle type and other influencing factors of the flash evaporation closed spray cooling of the refrigerant, control the flow of spray and micro-channels, realize the accurate temperature control and uniform heat dissipation of the cooling wall surface, meet the requirements of shock absorption and system stability, and control the deformation of heating elements caused by the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cavity in a shutdown state.
As shown in fig. 1, a first object of the present invention is to provide a closed spray-coupled micro-channel heat dissipation circulation system of a refrigerant, which comprises a compressor 1, a first constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit 4, a first gas-liquid separator 7, a second constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit 11, a micro-channel flow regulating valve 14 and a spray flow regulating valve 15;
the outlet of the compressor 1 is connected with the heat exchanger unit 4 through the air outlet of the oil-gas separator 2, the outlet of the first constant-temperature water tank is connected with the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 through the gasification amount regulating valve 5, the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 is connected with the heat exchanger unit 11 through the liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve 9 and the second constant-temperature water tank, the second constant-temperature water tank is connected with the spray cavity 16 and the micro-channel 18 through the refrigerant filling ball valve 12, the inlet pipeline is respectively provided with the spray flow regulating valve 15 and the micro-channel flow regulating valve 14, the spray cavity 16 is arranged on the air floating platform 19, the outlets of the spray cavity 16 are sequentially connected with the liquid sight glass 20, the cavity pressure regulating valve 22, the liquid collecting cavity 23, the low-pressure section ball valve 25 and the second gas-liquid separator 27, and the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 1;
the spray chamber 16 has a heating element 16-6 therein.
According to the invention, the adjustability of multiple parameters is realized through the design of two loops from the outlet of the first constant-temperature water tank to the cavity and the compressor, a plurality of regulating valves, a circulating component and the cavity, and the device can be independently unfolded and adjusted for each influencing factor such as fluid temperature, cavity pressure, liquid refrigerant pressure, cavity temperature, spray height, spray and micro-channel flow distribution, and can realize accurate temperature control of heating elements; damping is realized through the connection of the air floating platform and the hose; and maintaining the pressure of the cavity to be stable after the shutdown through a pressure release loop from the front pipeline of the nozzle to the second gas-liquid separator.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of refrigerant is composed of a main circulation system, a regulating loop, various regulating valves, sensors and a signal acquisition system. The main circulation system mainly comprises a compressor, an oil-gas separator, a first constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit, a first gas-liquid separator, a second constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit, a spray cavity, a micro-channel, an air floating platform, a liquid collecting cavity, auxiliary heating equipment and a second gas-liquid separator: the high-pressure supercooled liquid refrigerant enters the spray cavity and the micro-channel respectively through two branch pipelines to dissipate heat of the heating element; the refrigerant absorbs heat and gasifies and then enters a liquid collecting cavity, auxiliary heating equipment in the liquid collecting cavity evaporates the residual liquid refrigerant, the residual liquid refrigerant enters a compressor for compression after passing through a first gas-liquid separator, and a first constant-temperature water tank controls the primary condensing temperature of high-temperature high-pressure steam; after primary condensation, the liquid refrigerant is partially gasified through a gasification amount regulating valve, and the two-phase flow enters a second gas-liquid separator;
wherein, the gas phase enters a bypass loop, the liquid phase enters a second constant temperature water tank to supercool the refrigerant, and the circulation is completed; the spray height in the spray cavity is adjusted by dynamic sealing; the spray cavity is connected with the circulating through a hose and is arranged on the air floating platform to isolate vibration. The regulating circuit comprises two bypasses and two regulating valves: a part of gas phase separated by the first gas-liquid separator enters the cavity through a bypass a, and the bypass can adjust the temperature and pressure of the spraying cavity; the rest part returns to the compressor for secondary circulation through the bypass b, the bypass can adjust the circulation flow, and simultaneously, the gas before the heat recovery compressor is extracted from the high-temperature high-pressure section; the flow distribution of the two bypasses can be controlled by the opening degree of the two regulating valves. Various regulating valves: the spray flow regulating valve and the micro-channel flow regulating valve control spray cooling and micro-channel cooling flow distribution; a cavity pressure regulating valve is arranged behind the cavity to regulate the cavity pressure; a gasification quantity regulating valve is arranged behind the first constant-temperature water tank to regulate the proportion of gas phase; the liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve regulates the nozzle/microchannel front refrigerant pressure. When the heat load of the cooling surface in the cavity is smaller, auxiliary heating is arranged in the cavity and the liquid collecting cavity to supplement heat, so that the evaporation of the refrigerant is ensured, and the stability of the system is improved.
And a plurality of groups of temperature and pressure sensors are arranged in the circulating pipeline and are respectively arranged behind the spray cavity, the liquid collecting cavity, the compressor, the gas phase proportion regulating valve, the second gas-liquid separator and the cavity pressure regulating valve, so that the flowing state of the refrigerant is dynamically monitored in real time, and basis and feedback are provided for regulating each parameter. A flowmeter is arranged in front of the spray cavity to monitor the circulating flow. And each sensor parameter is connected with the acquisition equipment and monitored in real time through a computer.
The main components in fig. 1 include: the compressor 1, the oil-gas separator 2, the first constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit 4, the gasification amount adjusting valve 5, the first gas-liquid separator 7, the liquid refrigerant pressure adjusting valve 9, the second constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit 11, the refrigerant filling ball valve 12, the micro-channel flow adjusting valve 14, the spray flow adjusting valve 15, the spray cavity 16, the computer 17, the micro-channel 18, the air floating platform 19, the liquid sight glass 20, the cavity pressure adjusting valve 22, the liquid collecting cavity 23, the liquid collecting cavity auxiliary heating 24, the low-pressure section ball valve 25, the second gas-liquid separator 27, the oil return ball valve 28, the cavity bypass adjusting valve 29, the one-way valve 30, the compressor bypass adjusting valve 31, the cavity pressure stabilizing valve 32, the temperature pressure sensors (3, 6, 8, 10, 21, 26), the flowmeter 13, the cavity bypass a, the compressor bypass b and the air leakage pressure stabilizing bypass c.
The outlet of the compressor 1 is connected with the heat exchanger unit 4 through the air outlet of the oil-gas separator 2, the liquid outlet of the oil-gas separator 2 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 1 through an oil return ball valve 28, the outlet of the first constant-temperature water tank is connected with the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 through a gasification volume regulating valve 5, the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 is connected with the heat exchanger unit 11 through a liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve 9 and a second constant-temperature water tank, the second constant-temperature water tank is connected with the heat exchanger unit 11 through a refrigerant filling ball valve 12, the spray cavity 16 and the micro-channel 18, the inlet pipeline is respectively provided with a spray flow regulating valve 15 and a micro-channel flow regulating valve 14, the spray cavity 16 is arranged on the air floatation platform 19, the outlet of the spray cavity 16 is sequentially connected with the liquid viewing mirror 20, the cavity pressure regulating valve 22, the liquid collecting cavity 23, the low-pressure section ball valve 25 and the second gas-liquid separator 27, and the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 1.
A cavity bypass a is also included. The two ends of the cavity bypass a are respectively connected with the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 and the spray cavity 16, and the cavity bypass regulating valve 29 on the cavity bypass a is matched with the opening of the gasification regulating valve 5 to regulate the cavity pressure, compared with the regulation of the cavity pressure regulating valve 22: first, the spray cavity pressure regulation range is increased and the compressor flow is split. Second, cavity pressure is crucial to spray cooling effect influence, and when PID control is adopted to the spray cooling effect, cavity pressure fluctuation degree can be greatly reduced through cavity pressure regulating valve and cavity bypass common regulation.
A compressor bypass b is also included. Two ends of the compressor bypass b are respectively connected with the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27; the compressor bypass b is provided with a compressor bypass adjustment valve 31. When the flow rate of the nozzle is small, the bypass regulating valve of the compressor is increased on the basis of regulating the pressure of the cavity by the cavity bypass a in a return air mode, so that the return air amount of the compressor is increased, and the regulating range of the system from low flow rate to high flow rate is further increased.
The device also comprises a leakage pressure stabilizing bypass c. Two ends of the air leakage pressure stabilizing bypass c are respectively connected with a front pipeline of the nozzle and an inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27; the pressure-stabilizing relief bypass c is provided with a cavity pressure-stabilizing valve 32. After the system is stopped, the refrigerant filling ball valve 12, the cavity pressure regulating valve 22 and the cavity bypass regulating valve 29 are closed at first, the connection between the spray cavity 16 and circulation is cut off, the compressor 1 is operated continuously, the liquid refrigerant in the nozzle pipeline and the cavity is pumped back through the air leakage pressure stabilizing bypass c, the low-pressure section ball valve 25 is closed, and the low-pressure state of the spray cavity 16 is maintained.
In this embodiment, the circulating refrigerant is one of R134a, R404A, R a and R32, and compared with water cooling and single-phase jet cooling, the flash evaporation phase change heat dissipation of the refrigerant can realize accurate temperature control of the heating element 16-6, and meanwhile, the invention can accurately control various spray parameters to minimize heat shock of the heating element.
The compressor in the embodiment of the invention can adopt a variable frequency compressor. The compressor is variable frequency and the rotating speed is adjustable. Before the oil-gas separator is connected to the compressor through a pipeline with a ball valve, the ball valve is closed when the system operates, the ball valve is opened after the system operates, and compressor oil in the oil-gas separator returns to the compressor. The two-stage condensation adopts a high-precision constant-temperature water tank to replace air cooling in the traditional circulation, the temperature control precision is higher than 0.001 ℃, and the fluctuation degree is less than +/-0.01 ℃. The liquid collecting cavity is used for collecting liquid refrigerant and starting the auxiliary heater to supplement heat; the power of the auxiliary heater of the liquid collecting cavity is between 0 and 2000w, and the auxiliary heater is controlled by a direct current variable-voltage power supply. The system has electric needle valve with opening in the range from full open to full closed. The vibration affects the spray cooling effect and the normal operation of the cooling element, and the cavity is arranged on the air floating platform.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spray chamber and a microchannel, wherein the main components include: the system comprises a visual window 16-1, a dynamic seal liquid inlet pipeline 16-2, a hose 16-3, a single nozzle/nozzle array 16-4, a temperature and pressure sensor 16-5, a heating element 16-6, a micro-channel 16-7 and an auxiliary heater 16-8. Wherein, the two visual windows are symmetrically distributed, so that morphological parameters such as spray cone angle, area and the like can be obtained; the nozzles can be single nozzles or array nozzles, and are connected with a liquid inlet screw rod through threads or a liquid distributor and can be replaced; the nozzle screw rod is connected with the cavity body through dynamic seal, so that the spraying height can be adjusted; the load heat source can be a high-power element such as a laser, a chip and the like in practical application; the impacting wall surface material is one of red copper, brass and monocrystalline silicon, and the surface structure comprises one or a combination of a plurality of macroscopic structures and micro-nano structures; the power of the cavity auxiliary heater is controlled between 0w and 1000w through a direct current variable voltage power supply.
As a specific example, the spray chamber 16 includes a viewing window 16-1, a dynamic seal liquid feed line 16-2, a hose 16-3, a single nozzle/nozzle array 16-4, a temperature and pressure sensor 16-5, a heating element 16-6, a micro channel 16-7, and an auxiliary heater 16-8; the spray cavity 16 has its casing connected to the inlet and outlet pipes and cavity bypass a, and the front nozzle pipe connected to the air leakage pressure stabilizing bypass c. The dynamic seal feed line 16-2 may adjust the height of the single nozzle/nozzle array 16-4 to the surface of the heating element 16-6. The heating element 16-6 may be an electronic chip, a laser optical lens, etc. in practical application, but is not limited thereto; the system has the characteristics of efficient heat dissipation, shock absorption, temperature control and parameter adjustment, and can meet the requirements of various related fields such as aerospace, power electronics, scientific research experiments and the like. The impact surface material is one or more of copper, brass and monocrystalline silicon, and the surface structure comprises one or more of a macroscopic structure and a micro-nano structure.
Further, the evaporation end is also provided with a spray cavity auxiliary heater 16-8 and a liquid collecting cavity auxiliary heater 24 for evaporating unvaporized liquid refrigerant, so that the stability of the system is enhanced; the spray chamber supplemental heater 16-8 may also adjust the chamber temperature.
Further, the spraying cavity is connected with the circulation through a hose 16-3 and is placed on the air floating platform 19 for damping, so that the influence of vibration of the compressor 1 and other parts on the heating element is effectively blocked.
The system also comprises a computer 17, a collecting unit and an adjusting part, wherein the collecting unit comprises a plurality of groups of sensors arranged in the circulating pipeline; the parameter connection acquisition equipment of each sensor is connected with a computer 17; the regulating part comprises all electric regulating valves arranged on the circulating pipeline, and the regulating part is connected with the output end of the computer 17.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system adjustment and start-stop method. The adjusting part comprises a compressor, a first constant-temperature water tank, a second constant-temperature water tank, a cavity auxiliary heater, a liquid collecting cavity auxiliary heater and all electric adjusting valves, which are integrated in a computer and controlled by output signals. In particular, while both the high pressure section to cavity gas bypass and the cavity pressure regulator valve can regulate the spray cavity pressure, this bypass also functions to split the compressor flow. Further, the gas bypass from the high pressure section to the compressor also serves to divert the compressor flow, increasing the range of adaptability of the system in low load power intervals. Meanwhile, according to the state of the refrigerant observed by the liquid-viewing mirror, the auxiliary heater of the liquid collecting cavity is adjusted to evaporate the liquid refrigerant.
According to the closed-type spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system for the refrigerant, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the pressure of the cavity is maintained stable by using the air leakage pressure stabilizing bypass when the closed-type spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system is stopped. The heating element such as an electronic chip and a laser lens deforms under the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cavity, so that the service performance and the service life of the heating element are influenced; after the spraying system is stopped, the pressure of the cavity is increased due to the balance of the low-pressure section and the high-pressure section or the balance of residual liquid in the cavity and expansion at room temperature. When the system is shut down, the refrigerant filling ball valve, the cavity pressure regulating valve and the cavity bypass regulating valve are closed at first, the normally closed cavity pressure stabilizing valve is opened, the cavity is pumped to be below the safe pressure by the compressor, and then the low-pressure section ball valve is closed. Otherwise, the system is started by the following steps: closing a cavity pressure stabilizing valve, opening a refrigerant filling ball valve, a low-pressure section ball valve, a cavity pressure regulating valve and a cavity bypass regulating valve, opening a compressor, and opening a load after the system operation is stable.
Fig. 4 is a cyclic pressure enthalpy diagram of the system operating under an example operating condition. The adjustability of various regulating valves and circulating components can be intuitively seen from the figure: the gasification quantity regulating valve regulates the dryness of the high-pressure section refrigerant, the constant-temperature water tank 2 regulates the supercooling degree of liquid in front of the nozzle, the cavity pressure regulating valve regulates the pressure in front of the nozzle, and the bypass a and the cavity pressure regulating valve regulate the pressure of the spraying cavity together.
The second object of the invention is to provide a method for adjusting a closed spray coupling micro-channel heat dissipation and circulation system of a refrigerant, which comprises the following steps:
the evaporation end pipeline of the circulation system is divided into two parts, and the flow distribution of the two heat dissipation modes is used for adjusting the spray cavity 16 in a mode of coupling the flash evaporation spray cooling of the refrigerant and the micro-channel cooling; the flow distribution of the spray and the micro-channels is controlled by the micro-channel flow regulating valve 14 and the spray flow regulating valve 15 so as to realize high heat flux heat dissipation and multi-surface cooling and temperature uniformity control of the heating element 16-6.
Wherein the flow distribution of the spray and the micro-channels is controlled by a micro-channel flow regulating valve 14 and a spray flow regulating valve 15; the cavity pressure is controlled by a cavity pressure regulating valve 22 and a gasification quantity regulating valve 5 matched with a cavity bypass regulating valve 29; the superheat degree of the cavity gas is controlled by an auxiliary heater 16-8 in the cavity; the supercooling degree of liquid before the nozzle can be regulated through the first constant-temperature water tank 4 and the second constant-temperature water tank 11 of the condensing section, wherein the first constant-temperature water tank 4 replaces the traditional air cooling, the state of fluid before the gasification quantity regulating valve 5 can be accurately controlled, and the high-precision second constant-temperature water tank 11 controls the supercooling degree and the temperature stability of the liquid before the nozzle; the liquid pressure before the nozzle is controlled by the rotating speed of the compressor 1, the gasification amount regulating valve 5 and the liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve 9. In particular, the cavity bypass a and the compressor bypass b also function to split the compressor flow, increasing the range of adaptability of the system in low load power intervals. All the regulating valves are electronic regulating valves and are integrated in computer control, so that the opening degree can be continuously and accurately controlled.
The above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
The foregoing is a further elaboration of the present invention, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments shown, but rather that a number of simple deductions or substitutions be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, all shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims which are filed herewith.
Claims (10)
1. The closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of the refrigerant is characterized by comprising a compressor (1), a first constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit (4), a first gas-liquid separator (7), a second constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit (11), a micro-channel flow regulating valve (14) and a spray flow regulating valve (15);
an outlet of the compressor (1) is connected with the first constant-temperature water tank and the heat exchanger unit (4) through an air outlet of the oil-gas separator (2), the outlet of the first constant-temperature water tank and the heat exchanger unit (4) are connected with an inlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) through a gasification volume regulating valve (5), a liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) is connected with the second constant-temperature water tank and the heat exchanger unit (11) through a liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve (9), the second constant-temperature water tank and the heat exchanger unit (11) are connected with the spray cavity (16) and the micro-channel (18) through a refrigerant filling ball valve (12), the inlet pipeline is respectively provided with the spray flow regulating valve (15) and the micro-channel flow regulating valve (14), the spray cavity (16) is arranged on the air floatation platform (19), the outlet of the spray cavity is sequentially connected with the liquid mirror (20), the cavity pressure regulating valve (22), the cavity (23), the low-pressure section ball valve (25) and the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator (27) is connected with the inlet of the compressor (1);
the spray cavity (16) is internally provided with a heating element (16-6).
2. A refrigerant closed spray-coupled microchannel heat sink circulation system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a cavity bypass (a); and two ends of the cavity bypass (a) are respectively connected with an air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) and the spray cavity (16), and a cavity bypass regulating valve (29) on the cavity bypass (a) is matched with the opening of the gasification quantity regulating valve (5) to regulate the cavity pressure.
3. A refrigerant closed spray-coupled microchannel heat sink circulation system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a compressor bypass (b); two ends of the compressor bypass (b) are respectively connected with an air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) and an inlet of the second gas-liquid separator (27); a compressor bypass (b) is provided with a compressor bypass control valve (31).
4. A refrigerant closed spray-coupled microchannel heat sink circulation system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a blowdown surge bypass (c); two ends of the air leakage pressure stabilizing bypass (c) are respectively connected with a front pipeline of the nozzle and an inlet of the second air-liquid separator (27); the leakage pressure stabilizing bypass (c) is provided with a cavity pressure stabilizing valve (32).
5. A refrigerant closed spray-coupled microchannel heat sink circulation system according to claim 1, wherein the spray chamber (16) comprises a viewing window (16-1), a dynamic seal liquid feed line (16-2), a single nozzle/nozzle array (16-4), a microchannel (16-7), an auxiliary heater (16-8); the dynamic seal liquid inlet pipeline (16-2) is connected with the single nozzle/nozzle array (16-4) and is used for adjusting the height of the surface of the heating element (16-6);
the visual window (16-1) and the temperature and pressure sensor (16-5) are arranged on the shell of the spraying cavity (16), the heating element (16-6) is arranged in the shell of the spraying cavity (16), the micro-channel (16-7) is arranged on the side face of the heating element (16-6), and the auxiliary heater (16-8) is arranged in the spraying cavity (16).
6. A refrigerant closed spray-coupled microchannel heat sink circulation system according to claim 5, wherein the heat generating element (16-6) impinges on a surface material comprising one or more combinations of copper, brass, monocrystalline silicon, the surface structure comprising one or more combinations of macrostructures, micro-nanostructures.
7. The refrigerant closed spray coupling microchannel heat dissipation circulation system as recited in claim 5, wherein a hose (16-3) is used for connecting a dynamic seal liquid inlet pipeline (16-2) of the spray cavity (16) with the circulation, and the spray cavity (16) is placed on an air floating platform (19).
8. A refrigerant closed spray-coupled microchannel heat sink circulation system according to claim 1, wherein the plenum (23) is further provided with a plenum auxiliary heater (24); the liquid outlet of the oil-gas separator (2) is connected with the inlet of the compressor (1) through an oil return ball valve (28); the refrigerant of the circulating system is one of R134a, R404A, R410A and R32.
9. A refrigerant closed spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system as defined in claim 1, further comprising a computer (17), a collection unit and an adjustment component, the collection unit comprising a plurality of sets of sensors disposed in the circulation line; the parameter connection acquisition equipment of each sensor is connected with a computer (17);
the adjusting part comprises all electric adjusting valves arranged on the circulating pipeline, and the adjusting part is connected with the output end of the computer (17).
10. A method of conditioning a closed spray coupled microchannel heat sink circulation system based on a refrigerant according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
the evaporation end pipeline of the circulation system is divided into two parts, a form of coupling refrigerant flash evaporation spray cooling and micro-channel cooling is adopted, the spray cooling is used for directly spraying and cooling the top of the heating element, the micro-channel cooling is used for cooling the side surface of the heating element, and the flow distribution of the two heat dissipation modes is used for adjusting the spray cavity (16); the flow distribution of the spray and the micro-channels is controlled by a micro-channel flow regulating valve (14) and a spray flow regulating valve (15) so as to realize high heat flux heat dissipation and carry out multi-surface cooling and temperature uniformity control on the heating element (16-6).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311723588.9A CN117628732A (en) | 2023-12-14 | 2023-12-14 | Closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of refrigerant and adjusting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311723588.9A CN117628732A (en) | 2023-12-14 | 2023-12-14 | Closed spray coupling micro-channel cooling circulation system of refrigerant and adjusting method |
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