CN117626147A - Aluminum alloy material for automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment, modification method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy material for automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment, modification method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy material for an automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment, and a modification method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The hardness of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under the variable temperature heat treatment is 136.9-139 HV, the tensile strength is 384.2-392.1 MPa, the yield strength is 339.3-345 MPa, the elongation is 9.4-13.5%, and the hardness peak value is reached in 2-2.5 h. According to the invention, continuous linear uniform temperature-changing aging treatment is carried out on the 6-series aluminum alloy subjected to solution treatment, and the precipitated phases of the alloy are refined through a continuously-changing temperature field, so that the mechanical properties such as alloy hardness, tensile strength and the like are effectively improved, and the time of artificial aging is shortened. The invention solves the technical defects of poor mechanical property and long heat treatment aging time of the traditional Al-Mg-Si alloy material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy material for an automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment, and a modification method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloys.
Background
Among the lightweight materials, the 6 xxx-series Al-Mg-Si alloy is widely used for automobile panels because of its advantages such as moderate to high strength, good formability and corrosion resistance, and good weldability. The door is one of the important parts of the car body, and the 6xxx aluminum alloy has better processing performance than other aluminum alloy materials and can meet the requirement of the door formability more easily. In the aspect of aluminum alloy heat treatment, the aluminum alloy reaches peak hardness faster, the heat treatment time is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced, so that the reduction of the aging time of the aluminum alloy heat treatment is also an aspect which needs to be considered. It is currently a primary problem how to improve the hardness and strength of 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy materials for automotive doors with shorter heat treatment times. Therefore, it is a key point of high-efficiency and high-quality production of automobile doors to shorten the heat treatment time and improve the hardness and strength of the alloy for the aluminum alloy material for automobile doors.
Al-Mg-Si alloy is used as a first-choice material of the automobile door, and even after heat treatment strengthening, the situation that the hardness and the strength are not high still exists, so that the application requirement of the automobile door strength cannot be met better. Al-Mg-Si alloy is an age-strengthened alloy, and is typically solution treated at a temperature in the range of 500-570 ℃. Quenching is carried out immediately after solid solution, and in the cooling process, supersaturated solid solution of solute atoms such as Mg, si and the like is formed, and meanwhile, the vacancy in the matrix also reaches a supersaturated state. Artificial aging is carried out within 160-180 ℃ of isothermal aging, a series of nano-scale precipitated phases are precipitated in the alloy, and dislocation movement is prevented from generating aging strengthening. Zhu Shang [ influence of Zn on aging precipitation behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy for automobile plates, beijing nonferrous metals research institute, 2019] immediately carrying out isothermal aging at 175 ℃ after carrying out 550 x 1h solid solution water quenching on 6005A alloy, wherein the alloy reaches peak hardness after carrying out isothermal aging for 12h, and under peak aging, beta' phase is the main strengthening phase, and a small amount of GP zone exists.
With the progress of science and technology and the continuous improvement of national living standard, the automobile conservation amount in China is increased year by year, so that the problems of energy and environment are increasingly serious, and the development of automobile lightweight is promoted to become an important trend of the current automobile industry development. When an aluminum alloy for automobile doors is heat-treated in a short time, there is a short plate with hardness and strength which are difficult to improve, and it is a key to develop an aluminum alloy material for high-quality automobile doors, and it is a key means for promoting weight reduction of automobiles, to improve the hardness and strength of the aluminum alloy and to reduce the heat treatment time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the invention provides a modification method of an aluminum alloy material for an automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment, which improves the hardness and strength of an Al-Mg-Si alloy by a continuous linear variable temperature heat treatment process, shortens the heat treatment aging time of the Al-Mg-Si alloy, and solves the technical defects of long heat treatment time and poor mechanical property of the traditional Al-Mg-Si alloy material.
Meanwhile, the invention provides an aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment, which has the hardness of 136.9-139 HV at normal temperature, the tensile strength of 384.2-392.1 MPa, the yield strength of 339.3-345 MPa and the elongation of 9.4-13.5 percent and reaches the hardness peak value at 2-2.5 h.
Meanwhile, the invention provides application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment as a light material for the automobile door in the field of automobiles, so as to solve the problem of how to improve the strength and hardness of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for the automobile door under the condition of shortening the heat treatment time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the modification method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps:
putting a 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material into a furnace with the furnace temperature of T1 for solution treatment, wherein T1 is more than or equal to 560 ℃ and less than or equal to 580 ℃; the solid solution treatment time is t1, t1 is more than or equal to 15min and less than or equal to 30min, and then the aluminum alloy in the solid solution state is immediately quenched; then immediately placing the quenched Al-Mg-Si alloy into a furnace with the furnace temperature T2 for cooling artificial aging, wherein the cooling artificial aging treatment time is T2, the temperature T2 is not less than 180 ℃ and not more than 200 ℃, the T2 is not less than 0 and not more than 2 hours, and immediately performing continuous artificial aging at a linear constant cooling v2 speed in the same furnace after finishing, wherein the speed of the cooling artificial aging is not more than 10 ℃/h and not more than 2 and not more than 15 ℃/h; after the temperature is reduced to 100-180 ℃, preserving heat in a furnace for a period of time t3, t3 and 6 hours; after the artificial aging is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature in air.
The preparation method of the 6xxx Al-Mg-Si alloy material comprises the following steps: melting raw materials of a 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material, uniformly mixing the molten materials, pouring the molten materials into a water-cooling steel mold with the length of 300mm, the width of 200mm and the height of 60mm for molding to obtain an ingot, and then cutting the ingot; and then homogenizing the cast ingot: heating to 550 ℃ at 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, taking out, cooling to room temperature, peeling the cast ingot, milling the upper surface and the lower surface for 10mm, milling the side surface for 5mm, placing the cast ingot into a furnace at 480 ℃ for preserving heat for 3h, then placing the cast ingot into a four-high mill for hot rolling to 5mm, cooling to room temperature, and then carrying out cold rolling to 1mm to obtain the aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, namely the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material.
The alloy components of the 6xxx Al-Mg-Si alloy material are as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.25wt% of Ag, 0.25wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al; or the alloy composition of the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.5wt% of Ag, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al; or the alloy composition of the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al; or the alloy composition of the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.4wt% of Ag, 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al.
The quenching treatment is water quenching, the temperature is 20 ℃, the time for transferring the quenching liquid from the furnace to the water is less than 15s, and the quenching time is 30 s-1 min.
The solution treatment, quenching treatment and cooling artificial aging are continuous heat treatment processes, and the interval time of each link is less than 2min.
The aluminum alloy material for the automobile door, which is obtained by the modification method and subjected to variable temperature heat treatment, has the hardness of 136.9-139 HV at normal temperature, the tensile strength of 384.2-392.1 MPa, the yield strength of 339.3-345 MPa and the elongation of 9.4-13.5%, and reaches the hardness peak value in 2-2.5 hours.
The minimum size of the crystal grain is 2.6 mu m, the maximum size is 127.3-141.0 mu m, and the average crystal grain size is 32.4-37.7 mu m.
The aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under the variable temperature heat treatment is applied to the automobile field as a light-weight material for the automobile door.
The temperature in the furnace after the temperature change is not higher than 200 ℃, and the continuous high-temperature aging at the temperature of more than 200 ℃ increases the precipitated phase of the 6-series aluminum alloy and reduces the density, so that the mechanical property of the 6-series aluminum alloy is reduced.
The solution treatment, quenching and temperature changing man-hour effect is a continuous heat treatment process, and the interval time between each link is less than 2min; the aluminum alloy materials in the heat treatment process are Wen Fangyang; the temperature change process is a continuous linear uniform temperature reduction process, and the process from heat preservation to temperature change aging/temperature change aging to heat preservation should also be a continuous process, so that the alloy being heat treated should not be interrupted or transferred.
The 6-series aluminum alloy material is a cold-rolled sheet or strip product.
The hardness of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under the variable temperature heat treatment can maximally reach 139HV at normal temperature, the tensile strength can maximally reach 401MPa, the yield strength can maximally reach 345MPa, and the elongation can reach more than 10 percent, compared with the hardness and the tensile strength of the Al-Mg-Si alloy subjected to isothermal aging treatment, the hardness and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material can be respectively improved by 5 percent and 15 percent, and the time for reaching peak aging is shortened by 0.5 to 10 hours.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the isothermal aging process is an aging process of preserving heat for a certain time at a certain temperature, and the variable-temperature aging process is an aging process of aging the aluminum alloy in a continuously-changing temperature field. The variable temperature heat treatment process finely regulates and controls the tissue through a continuous temperature rising and falling process, and obtains good comprehensive performance. When the temperature-rising aging heat treatment process is adopted, solid solution atoms are separated out from the matrix in the low-temperature aging stage at the initial aging stage, and are combined with quenching vacancies to form high-density atomic clusters, and when the clusters grow to a certain size along with the temperature-rising aging, the clusters can be used as the core for the precipitation of the main strengthening phase beta 'of the Al-Mg-Si alloy, so that the beta' phase can be more uniformly precipitated. When the phase is in a high-temperature ageing stage and a heat preservation stage, the beta 'phase is precipitated faster than isothermal ageing, the density is higher, and the beta' phase with higher density and uniformity can be obtained during the temperature rising in variable-temperature ageing; when the temperature-changing aging is carried out by firstly carrying out high temperature and then cooling, in the higher temperature heat preservation stage, the crystal is quickly nucleated by the high temperature, the beta phase is quickly separated out, the beta phase is not completely grown up due to the shorter heat preservation time, and the size growth of the precipitate only occurs in the subsequent continuous cooling process, so that the volume fraction is not increased. A large amount of precipitation occurs in the lower temperature heat preservation stage after the cooling is finished, so that beta' phase with finer size is obtained, and the hardness of the alloy is obviously increased.
2. The invention provides a variable temperature heat treatment process for modifying an aluminum alloy material for an automobile door (namely a modification method for the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment), which ensures that an Al-Mg-Si alloy is subjected to heat preservation for a period of time at a higher temperature, so that a precipitated phase is rapidly precipitated, the alloy rapidly reaches a hardness point close to a peak value, and then the precipitates are more uniform through continuous linear cooling aging, so that the hardness reaches the peak value, and the heat treatment time is reduced.
3. The variable temperature heat treatment meets the requirement of light weight development of materials, greatly improves the heat treatment efficiency and shortens the time of artificial aging.
According to the invention, continuous linear uniform temperature-changing aging treatment is carried out on the 6-series aluminum alloy subjected to solution treatment, and the precipitated phases of the alloy are refined through a continuously-changing temperature field, so that the mechanical properties such as alloy hardness, tensile strength and the like are effectively improved, and the time of artificial aging is shortened. The invention also discloses application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment. The aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment has the hardness of 139HV, the tensile strength of 392.1MPa, the yield strength of 345MPa and the elongation of 9.4 percent at normal temperature, reaches the hardness peak value (optimal) at 2 hours, and solves the technical defects of poor mechanical property and long heat treatment aging time of the traditional Al-Mg-Si alloy material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a variable temperature heat treatment process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing hardness curves under the variable temperature heat treatment process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fracture morphology of peak aging of an alloy under isothermal heat treatment;
FIG. 4 shows fracture morphology of peak aging of alloy under variable temperature heat treatment.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Comparative example 1:
the heat treatment process for improving the performance of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door in the comparative example adopts 6 series aluminum alloy as a research object, and comprises the following alloy components: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.25wt% of Ag, 0.25wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al. The alloy adopts industrial pure aluminum, pure magnesium, al-Si, al-Ag and Al-Cu intermediate alloy as raw materials, and is smelted at 650 ℃, firstly, the industrial pure aluminum is completely melted, then the Al-Si, al-Ag and Al-Cu intermediate alloy is added, pure magnesium is added after the industrial pure aluminum is completely melted, mn and Fe are impurity elements, the alloy cannot be ensured to be completely 0, and the addition of the impurity elements is reduced as much as possible during smelting. After the melt is uniformly mixed, pouring the mixture into a water-cooled steel mold with the length of 300mm, the width of 200mm and the height of 60mm for molding, and then cutting off the cast ingot. And then homogenizing the cast ingot: heating to 550 ℃ at 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature. Peeling the cast ingot, milling the upper surface and the lower surface for 10mm, and milling the side surface for 5mm. And then placing the cast ingot into a furnace with the temperature of 480 ℃ for heat preservation for 3 hours, then placing the cast ingot into a four-high mill for hot rolling to 5mm, cooling to room temperature, and then performing cold rolling to 1mm to obtain the aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet.
Heating the cold-rolled 6-series aluminum alloy material to a solid solution temperature of 570 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min, then rapidly cooling in water at 20 ℃ with an interval of 1min, and transferring from the water for less than 15s; then placing the mixture into a furnace with the temperature of 90 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours for artificial aging; after the artificial aging is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature in air. The solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging are continuous heat treatment processes, and the interval time of each link is less than 2min.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example differs from comparative example 1 in that:
and (3) placing the aluminum alloy subjected to solid solution water quenching treatment into a furnace with the temperature of 180 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours for artificial aging.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example differs from comparative example 1 only in that:
and (3) placing the aluminum alloy subjected to solid solution water quenching treatment into a furnace with the temperature of 200 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours for artificial aging.
Comparative example 4
The present comparative example differs from comparative example 1 in that:
and (3) immediately carrying out continuous linear uniform temperature rising aging in a furnace with the temperature of 90 ℃ after solid solution water quenching treatment, wherein the temperature rising aging to heat preservation process is also a continuous process, the temperature rising rate is 30 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is carried out after the temperature rises to 180 ℃ for 5h.
Comparative example 5
The present comparative example differs from comparative example 1 in that:
and (3) immediately carrying out continuous linear uniform temperature rising aging in a furnace with the temperature of 90 ℃ after solid solution water quenching treatment, wherein the temperature rising aging to heat preservation process is also a continuous process, the temperature rising rate is 60 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is carried out after the temperature rises to 180 ℃ for 5h.
Example 1
The difference between this embodiment and comparative example 1 is that:
the modification method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment is characterized in that the aluminum alloy is put into a furnace with the temperature of 200 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h after solid solution water quenching treatment, continuous linear uniform cooling aging is immediately carried out in the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, the process from heat preservation to variable temperature aging is also continuous, the cooling rate is 20 ℃/h, the heat preservation is carried out after the temperature is reduced to 180 ℃, and the heat preservation duration is 5h.
The application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment in the automobile field as a light material for the automobile door aims to solve the problem of how to improve the strength and the hardness of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for the automobile door under the condition of shortening the heat treatment time.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and comparative example 1 is that:
a modification method of an aluminum alloy material for an automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment is characterized in that after solid solution water quenching treatment, the aluminum alloy is placed into a furnace with the temperature of 200 ℃ to immediately perform continuous linear uniform cooling aging, the process from heat preservation to variable temperature aging is also a continuous process, the cooling rate is 20 ℃/h, and the aluminum alloy is subjected to heat preservation after being cooled to 180 ℃ for 5h.
The application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment in the automobile field as a light material for the automobile door aims to solve the problem of how to improve the strength and the hardness of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for the automobile door under the condition of shortening the heat treatment time.
Performance test:
alloy samples obtained by adopting different time-efficient processes for the Al-Mg-Si alloys of comparative examples 1 to 5 and examples 1 to 2 were subjected to a normal temperature hardness property test and a normal temperature tensile property test.
The normal temperature hardness performance test method comprises the following steps:
with a DHV-1000Z durometer test, the load was 4.9N and dwell time was 15s, each sample would take no less than 10 points over its entire surface to ensure data accuracy with an error of no more than ± 3%.
The normal temperature tensile property test method comprises the following steps:
the Zwick/RollZ030TH electronic universal material tensile testing machine is used, the tensile rate is 1mm/min, the workbench of the Zwick/RollZ030TH electronic universal material tensile testing machine is required to be lifted by about 10mm before the experiment starts, so that the dead weight influence of a workbench system is eliminated, and each group of experiments is simultaneously provided with three parallel samples as comparison so as to reduce experiment errors. The hardness, tensile properties and peak aging time results for the alloys of comparative examples 1 to 5 and examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 table of hardness, tensile properties and time to peak aging for the alloys of comparative examples 1 to 5 and examples 1 to 2
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1 and FIG. 2, the temperature-changing (temperature-increasing/temperature-decreasing) aging is higher than the isothermal aging in terms of hardness and tensile strength, and the alloy hardness in the isothermal aging overaging stage has a significant tendency to decrease, while the alloy in the temperature-changing aging overaging stage can still maintain higher hardness, and the alloy hardness stability under temperature-changing aging is higher than that in isothermal aging. The temperature change aging is better than isothermal aging in terms of the hardness and the tensile strength, and the elongation is hardly influenced. The time for reaching the hardness peak value under the cooling aging of the aluminum alloy is shorter than that of isothermal aging, and the isothermal aging at 180 ℃ is relatively shorter, but the hardness and the strength are lower than those of variable-temperature aging, so that the application requirement is difficult to reach. This demonstrates that at varying temperatures, more alloy hardness and strength can be increased with shorter heat treatment times. Comprehensively considering that the optimal variable temperature heat treatment process in the research is to put the aluminum alloy into a furnace with the temperature of 200 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h after solid solution water quenching treatment, immediately perform continuous linear uniform temperature reduction aging in the furnace after heat preservation is finished, the temperature reduction rate is 20 ℃/h, and perform heat preservation after the temperature is reduced to 180 ℃, and the process ensures that the alloy has higher hardness (139 HV), higher tensile strength (392.1 MPa) and shorter heat treatment time (2 h) so that the alloy has better performance on the premise of saving more energy sources.
Microstructure characterization:
fracture morphology:
fig. 3 and 4 are graphs of tensile fracture morphology of the alloy at peak conditions under isothermal aging and variable temperature aging, respectively. FIG. 3 is a fracture morphology of peak aging of an alloy under isothermal heat treatment, wherein (a) comparative example 1, (b) comparative example 2, and (c) comparative example 3; FIG. 4 shows fracture morphology at peak aging of the alloy under variable temperature heat treatment, wherein (a) comparative example 4, (b) comparative example 5, (c) example 1, (d) example 2; the fracture morphology of the alloy can visually represent the plasticity of the alloy, and the more the number of the ductile pits of the fracture of the alloy is generally, the more evenly the ductile pits are distributed, the more coordinated the plastic deformation of the alloy is reflected, and the better the plasticity of the alloy is. The alloy hardness and tensile strength at 200 ℃ under isothermal aging are best, but as can be observed from a fracture SEM image, fracture is accompanied by the existence of tearing edges, the number of ductile pits is obviously smaller than that of the alloy subjected to variable temperature aging treatment, and the toughness of the alloy is reduced by artificial aging at 200 ℃ for a long time. The alloy subjected to the temperature-changing aging treatment has higher hardness and strength than those of the alloy subjected to the isothermal aging treatment, the appearance of the ductile fossa is more uniform from the appearance of the fracture, a large-area cleavage surface like that of the alloy subjected to the isothermal aging at 200 ℃ does not exist, the appearance of the fracture of the alloy subjected to the temperature-changing aging is consistent with the test result, and the alloy toughness is not reduced due to the temperature-changing aging, and the hardness and strength of the alloy can be improved.
EBSD test:
under the temperature-changing aging, the beta phase of the main strengthening phase of the Al-Mg-Si alloy is rapidly separated out in the high temperature stage of the temperature change, and the beta phase is not completely grown up due to the short duration time of the high temperature, so that the precipitate only grows up in size in the subsequent continuous cooling process, the volume fraction is not increased, and the beta phase with more uniform size density can be obtained. The minimum size of the crystal grain is 5.2 mu m, the maximum size is 162 mu m, and the average crystal grain size is 36.4 mu m under isothermal aging; the crystal grain of comparative example 5 had a minimum size of 5.2 μm and a maximum size of 162.9 μm and an average crystal grain size of 40.6 μm at elevated temperature aging; while the minimum size of the crystal grains of example 1 was 2.6 μm, the maximum was 127.3 μm, the average crystal grain size was 32.4 μm, the minimum size of the crystal grains of example 2 was 2.6 μm, the maximum was 141.0 μm, and the average crystal grain size was 37.7 μm in the aging under the temperature reduction. According to data analysis, the average grain size is increased under the condition that the grain size limit is almost the same when the temperature is increased and ageing is carried out, and the micro-grown grains can slightly increase the hardness and strength of the alloy; the maximum size of the crystal grains is reduced by 35 mu m under cooling aging, and compared with isothermal aging and heating aging, the crystal grains of the cooling aging are more uniform in size, and the largest or very small crystal grains are less in appearance, so that the alloy is more beneficial to improving the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and the like.
In conclusion, the variable temperature heat treatment (cooling aging) can remarkably improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy, shorten the aging time and reduce the energy consumption. Based on research, the variable temperature heat treatment of the 6-series aluminum alloy can promote precipitation strengthening and precipitation kinetics of the alloy, so that the alloy precipitation is more uniform, and the hardness and strength of the alloy are improved. The precipitated phase is rapidly precipitated at the high temperature stage under the cooling aging, the size precipitation of the precipitated phase is more uniform at the low temperature stage, the hardness and the strength of the alloy can be improved, meanwhile, the alloy hardness can be rapidly enabled to be close to a peak value at the high temperature stage at the initial stage of aging, the alloy can reach the peak value through continuous variable-temperature aging, and compared with isothermal aging, the whole variable-temperature aging is shorter in time and higher in efficiency.
Example 3
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 only in that:
as shown in fig. 1, in the variable temperature heat treatment process for improving the performance of an aluminum alloy material for an automobile door in this embodiment, a 6-series aluminum alloy is used as a research object, and the alloy components are as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.5wt% of Ag, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al. The alloy adopts industrial pure aluminum, pure magnesium, al-Si and Al-Ag intermediate alloy as raw materials, and is smelted at 650 ℃, firstly, the industrial pure aluminum is completely smelted, then the Al-Si and Al-Ag intermediate alloy is added, pure magnesium is added after the intermediate alloy is completely smelted, mn and Fe are impurity elements, the alloy cannot be ensured to be completely 0, and the addition of the impurity elements is reduced as far as possible during smelting. After the melt is uniformly mixed, pouring the mixture into a water-cooled steel mold with the length of 300mm, the width of 200mm and the height of 60mm for molding, and then cutting off the cast ingot. And then homogenizing the cast ingot: heating to 550 ℃ at 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature. Peeling the cast ingot, milling the upper surface and the lower surface for 10mm, and milling the side surface for 5mm. And then placing the cast ingot into a furnace with the temperature of 480 ℃ for heat preservation for 3 hours, then placing the cast ingot into a four-high mill for hot rolling to 5mm, cooling to room temperature, and then performing cold rolling to 1mm to obtain the aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet.
Heating the cold-rolled 6-series aluminum alloy material to a solid solution temperature of 580 ℃ and preserving heat for 15min, then rapidly cooling in water at 20 ℃ with an interval of 1min, and transferring from the water for less than 15s; immediately carrying out continuous linear uniform cooling aging in a furnace with the temperature of 200 ℃ after solid solution water quenching treatment, wherein the process from changing temperature aging to heat preservation is also a continuous process, the cooling rate is 10 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is carried out after the temperature is reduced to 170 ℃ for 6h; after the artificial aging is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature in air. The solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging are continuous heat treatment processes, and the interval time of each link is less than 2min.
The application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment in the automobile field as a light material for the automobile door aims to solve the problem of how to improve the strength and the hardness of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for the automobile door under the condition of shortening the heat treatment time.
Example 4
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 only in that:
in the variable temperature heat treatment process for improving the performance of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door, 6 series aluminum alloy is adopted as a research object, and the alloy components are as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al. The alloy adopts industrial pure aluminum, pure magnesium, al-Si and Al-Cu intermediate alloy as raw materials, and is smelted at 650 ℃, firstly, the industrial pure aluminum is completely smelted, then the Al-Si and Al-Cu intermediate alloy is added, pure magnesium is added after the intermediate alloy is completely smelted, mn and Fe are impurity elements, the alloy cannot be ensured to be completely 0, and the addition of the impurity elements is reduced as much as possible during smelting. After the melt is uniformly mixed, pouring the mixture into a water-cooled steel mold with the length of 300mm, the width of 200mm and the height of 60mm for molding, and then cutting off the cast ingot. And then homogenizing the cast ingot: heating to 550 ℃ at 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature. Peeling the cast ingot, milling the upper surface and the lower surface for 10mm, and milling the side surface for 5mm. And then placing the cast ingot into a furnace with the temperature of 480 ℃ for heat preservation for 3 hours, then placing the cast ingot into a four-high mill for hot rolling to 5mm, cooling to room temperature, and then performing cold rolling to 1mm to obtain the aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet.
Heating the cold-rolled 6-series aluminum alloy material to a solid solution temperature of 560 ℃ and preserving heat for 30min, then rapidly cooling in water at 20 ℃ with an intermediate interval of 30s, and transferring from water for less than 15s; immediately carrying out continuous linear uniform cooling aging in a furnace with the temperature of 180 ℃ after solid solution water quenching treatment, wherein the process from changing temperature aging to heat preservation is also a continuous process, the cooling rate is 10 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is carried out after the temperature is reduced to 140 ℃ for 3h; after the artificial aging is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature in air. The solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging are continuous heat treatment processes, and the interval time of each link is less than 2min.
The application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment in the automobile field as a light material for the automobile door aims to solve the problem of how to improve the strength and the hardness of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for the automobile door under the condition of shortening the heat treatment time.
Example 5
In the variable temperature heat treatment process for improving the performance of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door, 6 series aluminum alloy is adopted as a research object, and the alloy components are as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.4wt% of Ag, 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al. The alloy adopts industrial pure aluminum, pure magnesium, al-Si, al-Ag and Al-Cu intermediate alloy as raw materials, and is smelted at 650 ℃, firstly, the industrial pure aluminum is completely melted, then the Al-Si, al-Ag and Al-Cu intermediate alloy is added, pure magnesium is added after the industrial pure aluminum is completely melted, mn and Fe are impurity elements, the alloy cannot be ensured to be completely 0, and the addition of the impurity elements is reduced as much as possible during smelting. After the melt is uniformly mixed, pouring the mixture into a water-cooled steel mold with the length of 300mm, the width of 200mm and the height of 60mm for molding, and then cutting off the cast ingot. And then homogenizing the cast ingot: heating to 550 ℃ at 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature. Peeling the cast ingot, milling the upper surface and the lower surface for 10mm, and milling the side surface for 5mm. And then placing the cast ingot into a furnace with the temperature of 480 ℃ for heat preservation for 3 hours, then placing the cast ingot into a four-high mill for hot rolling to 5mm, cooling to room temperature, and then performing cold rolling to 1mm to obtain the aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet.
Heating the cold-rolled 6-series aluminum alloy material to a solid solution temperature of 575 ℃ and preserving heat for 15min, then rapidly cooling in water at 20 ℃ with an interval of 1min, and transferring from the water for less than 15s; placing the aluminum alloy after solid solution water quenching treatment into a furnace with the temperature of 200 ℃ for heat preservation for 2 hours, immediately carrying out continuous linear uniform cooling aging in the furnace after heat preservation, wherein the process from changing temperature aging to heat preservation is also a continuous process, the cooling rate is 15 ℃/h, and taking out after cooling to 100 ℃; after removal, the mixture was cooled to room temperature in air. The solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging are continuous heat treatment processes, and the interval time of each link is less than 2min.
The application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment in the automobile field as a light material for the automobile door aims to solve the problem of how to improve the strength and the hardness of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for the automobile door under the condition of shortening the heat treatment time.
Example 6
The application of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment in the automobile field as a light material for the automobile door aims to solve the problem of how to improve the strength and the hardness of the Al-Mg-Si alloy for the automobile door under the condition of shortening the heat treatment time.
It should be appreciated that in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be construed as reflecting the intention that: i.e., the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of the above description, will appreciate that other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the invention as described herein. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. The disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The modification method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile door under variable temperature heat treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
putting a 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material into a furnace with the furnace temperature of T1 for solution treatment, wherein T1 is more than or equal to 560 ℃ and less than or equal to 580 ℃; the solid solution treatment time is t1, t1 is more than or equal to 15min and less than or equal to 30min, and then the aluminum alloy in the solid solution state is immediately quenched; then immediately placing the quenched Al-Mg-Si alloy into a furnace with the furnace temperature T2 for cooling artificial aging, wherein the cooling artificial aging treatment time is T2, the temperature T2 is not less than 180 ℃ and not more than 200 ℃, the T2 is not less than 0 and not more than 2 hours, and immediately performing continuous artificial aging at a linear constant cooling v2 speed in the same furnace after finishing, wherein the speed of the cooling artificial aging is not more than 10 ℃/h and not more than 2 and not more than 15 ℃/h; after the temperature is reduced to 100-180 ℃, preserving heat in a furnace for a period of time t3, t3 and 6 hours; after the artificial aging is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature in air.
2. The modification method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the 6 xxx-series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is as follows: melting raw materials of a 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material, uniformly mixing the molten materials, pouring the molten materials into a water-cooling steel mold with the length of 300mm, the width of 200mm and the height of 60mm for molding to obtain an ingot, and then cutting the ingot; and then homogenizing the cast ingot: heating to 550 ℃ at 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, taking out, cooling to room temperature, peeling the cast ingot, milling the upper surface and the lower surface for 10mm, milling the side surface for 5mm, placing the cast ingot into a furnace at 480 ℃ for preserving heat for 3h, then placing the cast ingot into a four-high mill for hot rolling to 5mm, cooling to room temperature, and then carrying out cold rolling to 1mm to obtain the aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, namely the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material.
3. The modification method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alloy composition of the 6 xxx-series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.25wt% of Ag, 0.25wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al; or the alloy composition of the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.5wt% of Ag, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al; or the alloy composition of the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al; or the alloy composition of the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si alloy material is as follows: 1.1wt% of Mg, 0.7wt% of Si, 0.4wt% of Ag, 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.05wt% of Mn, 0.10wt% of Fe and the balance of Al.
4. The modification method according to claim 1, wherein the quenching treatment is water quenching at 20 ℃, the transfer time from the furnace to the water is less than 15s, and the quenching time is 30s to 1min.
5. The modification method according to claim 1, wherein the solution treatment, the quenching treatment and the artificial aging with reduced temperature are continuous heat treatment processes, and the interval between each links is less than 2 minutes.
6. The aluminum alloy material for automobile doors under variable temperature heat treatment obtained by the modification method according to claim 1, wherein the hardness is 136.9 to 139HV, the tensile strength is 384.2 to 392.1MPa, the yield strength is 339.3 to 345MPa, the elongation is 9.4 to 13.5% and the hardness peak is reached at 2 to 2.5 hours.
7. The aluminum alloy material for automobile doors under variable temperature heat treatment according to claim 6, wherein the crystal grains have a minimum size of 2.6 μm, a maximum size of 127.3 to 141.0 μm, and an average crystal grain size of 32.4 to 37.7 μm.
8. Use of the aluminum alloy material for automobile doors under variable temperature heat treatment according to claim 6 or 7 as an automobile door lightweight material in the automotive field.
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