CN117620442A - Optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline and amorphous or nanocrystalline component - Google Patents
Optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline and amorphous or nanocrystalline component Download PDFInfo
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- CN117620442A CN117620442A CN202311620858.3A CN202311620858A CN117620442A CN 117620442 A CN117620442 A CN 117620442A CN 202311620858 A CN202311620858 A CN 202311620858A CN 117620442 A CN117620442 A CN 117620442A
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910008423 Si—B Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010147 laser engraving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline, which comprises the steps of carrying out laser processing on the surface of an amorphous or nanocrystalline chip, enabling the surface of the amorphous or nanocrystalline chip to form a track with a set pattern of a notch, aligning the edge of a die with a laser cutting line, and then carrying out die stamping to obtain an amorphous or nanocrystalline blanking piece. The processing method can reduce the loss of the die while keeping the amorphous and nanocrystalline tissue structure to the maximum extent and having excellent soft magnetic performance. The invention also discloses an amorphous or nanocrystalline component prepared by the optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method of amorphous or nanocrystalline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of amorphous or nanocrystalline processing, and particularly relates to an optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline or a nanocrystalline component.
Background
The ferromagnetic amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy is a novel soft magnetic material, and compared with the traditional metal/alloy soft magnetic material, the ferromagnetic amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy has unordered atomic arrangement, has excellent material characteristics of ultra-thin, high strength, high hardness, high magnetic permeability, high saturation induction intensity, low coercive force, low loss and the like, and has higher resistivity than the crystal material, so that the comprehensive soft magnetic performance of the high saturation induction, high magnetic permeability and low loss is far better than that of the traditional soft magnetic material such as oriented silicon steel, permalloy and the like under the high-frequency working condition.
But simultaneously, the ferromagnetic amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy has the characteristic of brittleness, and is difficult to process products with different shapes, high in cost and low in efficiency in the application of iron cores of motors, transformers, mutual inductors and the like, and the improper mode can also cause obvious influence on the magnetic performance of the material, so that the production and the processing application of alloy ribbons are severely restricted.
Taking a motor iron core as an example, the most common motor iron core material is silicon steel at present, but the iron loss of a silicon steel motor is rapidly increased under high frequency, and the energy consumption is higher. The amorphous alloy can be used as an alloy material of a high-performance low-loss motor iron core due to extremely low coercivity and high magnetic permeability.
In the prior art, the processing mode of the amorphous alloy motor iron core comprises a mechanical processing stamping method, a linear cutting processing method and a laser processing method.
Chinese patent publication No. CN114985592a discloses an amorphous motor core stamping apparatus and process, which uses single-layer coil stamping, and the stamping is performed once but not once, and then the stamping is performed once again. Because the amorphous alloy has high strength and high hardness, the phenomenon of tipping is very easy to occur in the stamping process, the die is extremely severely worn, the service life of the die is low, and meanwhile, the amorphous brittle fracture can reduce the yield of the motor iron core.
Chinese patent publication No. CN101286676a discloses a method for preparing amorphous alloy stator core, in which amorphous ribbon is processed into a complete stator through slicing, annealing, bonding, curing, wire cutting and other processes. The wire cutting has the defects of long processing period, low efficiency and high cost, and meanwhile, the high electric spark temperature during processing can influence the usability of the amorphous material; in addition, when the amorphous lamination is coated with an adhesive in the middle of each layer, the non-conductive phenomenon can be generated when the wire cutting meets the adhesive, and the continuous processing can not be performed.
Chinese patent publication No. CN111313626a discloses a processing device, a processing method, and an amorphous or nanocrystalline motor core, first, an amorphous ribbon is subjected to laser processing to obtain a motor core sheet with a preset shape, and then a plurality of sheets are pressed into a mold in sequence by punching to make the motor core. Because the temperature is very high during laser processing, the cladding area is easy to occur at the edge of the amorphous material, so that the internal structure of the amorphous alloy is crystallized, the soft magnetic property of the material is reduced, the hysteresis loss is increased, the motor performance is reduced, and in addition, the laser processing cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline, which is used for reducing the loss of a die and prolonging the service life of the die while keeping amorphous and nanocrystalline tissue structures to the maximum extent and having excellent soft magnetic performance.
The embodiment of the invention provides an optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out laser processing on the surface of the amorphous or nano-crystalline lamination, so that a track with a set pattern of cuts is formed on the surface of the amorphous or nano-crystalline lamination, the edge of the die is aligned to a laser cutting line, and then, the die stamping is carried out to obtain the amorphous or nano-crystalline blanking sheet.
According to the invention, the laser processing is carried out on the surface layer of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet, so that a track with a notch appears, the influence on the structure of the amorphous or nanocrystalline thin strip is avoided due to the laser processing on the surface layer, the fracture sensitivity of the amorphous or nanocrystalline alloy can be utilized, and in the stamping process, cracks can extend downwards along the notch, the stamping is carried out layer by layer, the loss of a die is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
Further, the width of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet is: the thickness of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet is 0.012-0.5mm and the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet is obtained by superposing single-layer or multilayer amorphous or nanocrystalline strips.
Further, carrying out laser processing on the surface of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet, wherein the technological parameters of the laser processing are as follows: the power is 0.1-10W, the processing speed is 10-200mm/s, and the etching thickness is 1-20 mu m.
The invention carries out laser processing on the surface of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet provided by the invention through a proper laser processing technology, so that the fracture sensitivity of the amorphous or nanocrystalline thin strip is utilized in the stamping process, the crack can be smoothly expanded, the loss of a die is reduced, and the influence of the laser processing technology on the soft magnetic performance is reduced.
Further, during die stamping, a pressure of 3.26-530.77kN is applied to the amorphous or nanocrystalline stack. The calculation formula of the blanking force of the amorphous alloy is as follows: fdash=ltσ b L-blanking the total length of the periphery, mm; t-material thickness, mm; sigma (sigma) b -tensile strength of the material, MPa. The required theoretical blanking force is applied to the surface layer of the amorphous or nano-wafer block, and the laser processing causes the crack to propagate along the direction of the applied pressure, and then the applied pressure is less than the theoretical blanking force and is about 70-95% of the theoretical blanking force.
According to the invention, the notch with a proper depth is reserved, and the processed raw material is the amorphous or nano-crystalline lamination, so that a required product can be easily obtained by taking the surface layer of the amorphous or nano-crystalline lamination as a part of a die punch and applying smaller stamping pressure, and the risk that the amorphous or nano-crystalline wafer blocks are brittle and difficult to form due to overlarge stamping pressure in the prior art is avoided.
Further, the preparation method of the amorphous or nanocrystalline lamination comprises the following steps: and carrying out heat treatment on the single-layer amorphous or nanocrystalline thin strip, and carrying out layer-by-layer superposition infiltration curing on the single-layer amorphous or nanocrystalline strip after heat treatment to obtain the single-layer or multilayer amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet.
Further, the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the heating temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-300min.
Further, the shape of the cut of the track of the set pattern is a V shape or a U shape.
Further, the amorphous or nano-wafer block alloy is Fe-Si-B, fe-Si-B- (C, P), fe-Si-B-C-Cr, fe-Si-B-P-Cu- (C), fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu or other iron-based amorphous or nano-crystalline alloy.
The invention also provides an amorphous or nanocrystalline component, which is obtained by combining a plurality of amorphous or nanocrystalline blanking sheets prepared by the optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method of the amorphous or nanocrystalline.
The specific preparation steps of the amorphous or nanocrystalline component are as follows:
(1) Carrying out heat treatment on the amorphous or nanocrystalline strip; (2) Carrying out infiltration curing lamination on the amorphous or nanocrystalline strips subjected to heat treatment to obtain amorphous or nanocrystalline lamination; (3) Performing laser engraving on the surface of the amorphous or nanocrystalline lamination so that a track with a set pattern of the incision is formed on the surface of the amorphous or nanocrystalline lamination; (4) Embedding a die knife edge into a notch of a track of a set pattern, and then performing die stamping to obtain an amorphous or nanocrystalline blanking sheet; (5) And combining a plurality of amorphous or nanocrystalline blanking sheets to obtain the amorphous or nanocrystalline component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with the traditional laser processing, the laser processing has the advantages that the power is small, the heat affected zone keeps the excellent soft magnetic property of the amorphous alloy, and even if the influence is exerted, the surface layer alloy thin strip is only subjected to the laser processing, and the whole soft magnetic property of the product is not influenced;
(2) The stamping process mainly uses the laser processing incision, and utilizes the brittle fracture and stress extension of the amorphous/nanocrystalline alloy to ensure that the amorphous/nanocrystalline lamination is easy to be stamped and formed, thereby reducing the die loss, prolonging the service life of the die and saving the processing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an amorphous laminate made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preset track for laser processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a predetermined trajectory notch made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an amorphous blanking sheet made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an XRD pattern of an amorphous alloy before and after processing in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an XRD pattern of an amorphous alloy before and after processing in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an XRD pattern of the amorphous alloy before and after processing of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, and it should be noted that the following examples are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting in any way.
Example 1
Preparation of Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 The amorphous alloy motor stator core has an outer diameter of 30mm, an inner diameter of 18mm, a groove number of 8, a tooth width of 2mm and a tooth height of 3mm.
(1) Preparation of Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 The width of the amorphous alloy ribbon is 100mm and the thickness is 20 μm. Annealing the strip at 430 deg.c for 10min and cooling with furnace. The strips were laminated and put into the prepared impregnating solution for curing treatment to obtain amorphous alloy laminates, the number of layers of which was 20, the width was 100mm and the thickness was 0.46mm as shown in fig. 1.
(2) The amorphous laminate obtained in step (1) is placed on a jig, and laser engraving of a preset track is performed on the amorphous laminate, as shown in fig. 2. The laser power used was 0.1W, the processing speed was 20mm/s, and the etching thickness was 3. Mu.m, so that a notch of "V" shape or "U" shape or the like along the track was obtained, as shown in FIG. 3.
(3) After the laser pre-engraving is finished, the stamping forming is started. Firstly, the die edge is aligned with the notch track obtained in the step (2), pressure is applied, surface amorphous serves as a part of a die punch in the stamping process, the sensitivity of fracture of the amorphous thin strip is utilized, and the lower amorphous thin strip is continuously stamped by using the pressure of about 134.22kN along the crack propagation direction, as shown in fig. 4, so that the amorphous blanking sheet with a specific shape is obtained. The loss test was performed on the punched sheet, and the results are shown in table 1.
(4) Combining the amorphous blanking sheets of the step (3) to obtain the required amorphous alloy motor stator core.
(5) The original amorphous strip was prepared using the heat treatment parameters of step (1), the prepared strip was laser processed using the laser parameters of step (2), and XRD testing was performed on the strip before and after processing, the results being shown in fig. 5. It can be found that the amorphous alloy is used before and after the processing, and Fe is not changed by the processing method 78 Si 9 B 13 Structure of amorphous alloy. The amorphous thin strips before and after processing were subjected to soft magnetic property testing, and the results are shown in table 2. It was found that the soft magnetic properties of the amorphous alloy remained substantially unchanged before and after laser processing. After laser processing, fe 78 Si 9 B 13 The magnetic permeability of the amorphous alloy at 1kHz is 3574, the saturation induction is 1.53T, and the coercive force is 4.30A/m.
If the laser preprocessing is not performed, only the amorphous lamination is punched, and the required punching pressure is about 150.12kN according to theoretical calculation in order to obtain the punched sheets with the same shape and size. The instant application of high pressure to the amorphous lamination is easy to cause brittle failure of the material, difficult to form and causes damage to the die. The amorphous fracture sensitivity is utilized by the mode of integrating laser and stamping, small pressure is sequentially applied, brittle failure of a sample is avoided, abrasion of a die can be effectively reduced, the service life of the die is prolonged, and cost is saved.
Example 2
Preparation of Fe 80 Si 9 B 11 The amorphous alloy motor stator core has the outer diameter of 80mm, the inner diameter of 50mm, the number of grooves of 18, the tooth width of 5mm and the tooth height of 8mm.
(1) Preparation of Fe 80 Si 9 B 11 Amorphous alloy thinThe width of the strip was 100mm and the thickness was 25 μm. Annealing the strip at 430 deg.c for 10min and cooling with furnace. The strips were laminated and put into the prepared impregnating solution for curing treatment to obtain amorphous alloy laminates, the number of layers of which was 5, the width was 100mm and the thickness was 0.14mm as shown in fig. 1.
(2) The amorphous laminate obtained in step (1) is placed on a jig, and laser engraving of a preset track is performed on the amorphous laminate, as shown in fig. 2. The laser power used was 5W, the processing speed was 50mm/s, and the etching thickness was 10. Mu.m, so that cuts of "V" shape or "U" shape or the like along the track were obtained, as shown in FIG. 3.
(3) After the laser pre-engraving is finished, the stamping forming is started. Firstly, the die edge is aligned with the notch track obtained in the step (2), pressure is applied, the surface amorphous layer is used as a part of a die punch in the stamping process, the sensitivity of an amorphous fracture is utilized, and the lower amorphous lamination is continuously stamped by using the pressure of about 116.44kN along the crack propagation direction, as shown in fig. 4, so that the amorphous blanking sheet with a specific shape is obtained.
(4) Combining the amorphous blanking sheets of the step (3) to obtain the required amorphous alloy motor stator core.
(5) The original amorphous strip was prepared using the heat treatment parameters of step (1), the prepared strip was laser processed using the laser parameters of step (2), and XRD testing was performed on the strip before and after processing, the results being shown in fig. 6. It can be found that the amorphous alloy is used before and after the processing, and Fe is not changed by the processing method 80 Si 9 B 11 Structure of amorphous alloy. The amorphous thin strips before and after processing were subjected to soft magnetic property testing, and the results are shown in table 2. It was found that the soft magnetic properties of the amorphous alloy were substantially unchanged before and after laser processing. After laser processing, fe 80 Si 9 B 11 The magnetic permeability of the amorphous alloy at 1kHz is 5768, the saturation induction is 1.55T, and the coercivity is 7.97A/m.
If the laser preprocessing is not performed, only the amorphous lamination is punched, and the required punching pressure is about 156.75kN according to theoretical calculation in order to obtain the punched sheets with the same shape and size. The instant application of high pressure to the amorphous lamination is easy to cause brittle failure of the material, difficult to form and causes damage to the die. The laser and stamping integrated mode is used for taking the stamped and cut amorphous lamination as a part of the cutter head, small pressure is sequentially applied to the lower lamination sheet by utilizing the sensitivity of the amorphous fracture, so that brittle failure of a sample is avoided, the abrasion of a die can be effectively reduced, the service life of the die is prolonged, and the cost is saved.
Comparative example 1
Completely adopts laser processing to prepare Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 The amorphous alloy motor stator core has an outer diameter of 30mm, an inner diameter of 18mm, a groove number of 8, a tooth width of 2mm and a tooth height of 3mm.
(1) Preparation of Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 The width of the amorphous alloy ribbon is 100mm and the thickness is 20 μm. Annealing the strip at 430 deg.c for 10min and cooling with furnace. The strips were laminated and put into the prepared impregnating solution for curing treatment to obtain amorphous alloy laminates, the number of layers of which was 20, the width was 100mm and the height was 0.46mm as shown in fig. 1.
(2) The amorphous laminate obtained in step (1) is placed on a jig, and laser engraving of a preset track is performed on the amorphous laminate, as shown in fig. 2. The laser power adopted is 70W, the processing speed is 8mm/s, and the etching thickness is 0.46mm, so that the amorphous sheet with a specific shape is obtained. The amorphous sheet was subjected to a wear test, and the results are shown in table 1.
(3) Combining the amorphous materials in the step (2) to obtain the required amorphous alloy motor stator core.
(4) The original amorphous strip is prepared by adopting the heat treatment parameters in the step (1), the prepared strip is subjected to laser processing by adopting the laser parameters in the step (2), XRD (X-ray diffraction) test is carried out on the strip before and after processing, and the result is shown in figure 7, and the crystallization of the sample after laser processing can be found. The amorphous thin strips before and after processing were subjected to soft magnetic property testing, and the results are shown in table 2. It was found that the properties of the processed amorphous alloy were deteriorated.
Table 1 example 1 and comparative example 1 addLoss P of post-construction amorphous laminations s (W/kg)
Table 2 soft magnetic properties of amorphous thin tapes obtained before and after processing of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1
Claims (10)
1. An integrated optical-mechanical composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) carrying out laser processing on the surface of the amorphous or nano-crystalline lamination, so that a track with a set pattern of cuts is formed on the surface of the amorphous or nano-crystalline lamination, the edge of the die is aligned to a laser cutting line, and then, the die stamping is carried out to obtain the amorphous or nano-crystalline blanking sheet.
2. The optomechanical integrated composite method of claim 1, wherein the width of the amorphous or nanocrystalline stack is: the thickness of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet is 0.012-0.5mm and the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet is obtained by superposing single-layer or multilayer amorphous or nanocrystalline strips.
3. The optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet is subjected to laser processing, and the technological parameters of the laser processing are as follows: the power is 0.1-10W, the processing speed is 10-200mm/s, and the etching thickness is 1-20 mu m.
4. The integrated optical mechanical and mechanical composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline according to claim 1, wherein a pressure of 3.26-530.77kN is applied to the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminate during die stamping.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the surface layer of the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminate is formed as part of a die punch during die stamping.
6. The method for optical-mechanical integrated composite processing of amorphous or nanocrystalline according to claim 1, wherein the method for manufacturing amorphous or nanocrystalline laminates includes: and carrying out heat treatment on the single-layer amorphous or nanocrystalline thin strip, and carrying out layer-by-layer superposition infiltration curing on the single-layer amorphous or nanocrystalline strip after heat treatment to obtain the single-layer or multilayer amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated sheet.
7. The optomechanical integrated composite processing method for amorphous or nanocrystalline according to claim 6, wherein the heat treatment process is: the heating temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-300min.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the cut of the trace of the set pattern is "V", "U" or "U".
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the amorphous or nanocrystalline laminated alloy is Fe-Si-B, fe-Si-B- (C, P), fe-Si-B-C-Cr, fe-Si-B-P-Cu- (C), or Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu alloy.
10. An amorphous or nanocrystalline component characterized in that a plurality of amorphous or nanocrystalline punched sheets produced by the optical-mechanical integrated composite processing method of amorphous or nanocrystalline according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are combined to obtain an amorphous or nanocrystalline component.
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