CN117620203A - Method for metal 3D printing of large-aperture waterway conformal cooling mold - Google Patents
Method for metal 3D printing of large-aperture waterway conformal cooling mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN117620203A CN117620203A CN202311491117.XA CN202311491117A CN117620203A CN 117620203 A CN117620203 A CN 117620203A CN 202311491117 A CN202311491117 A CN 202311491117A CN 117620203 A CN117620203 A CN 117620203A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 101000927062 Haematobia irritans exigua Aquaporin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001240 Maraging steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004349 Ti-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004692 Ti—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cooling a die by a large-aperture waterway conformal shape in metal 3D printing. Firstly, designing a three-dimensional model with a self-supporting structure conformal cooling water channel, and designing a grid supporting structure in the water channel to ensure that a large-aperture water channel is printed and molded smoothly; the supporting structure is a part of the cooling waterway, and the supporting structure is not required to be removed later; and then, the model data is led into a metal 3D printing device for printing and forming, and the large-aperture conformal cooling die is obtained. The conformal cooling water channel with the supporting structure can ensure the structural strength of the water channel, and effectively avoid the collapse of the overhang structure caused by stress in the metal 3D printing process, thereby breaking through the limitation of the maximum formable size (the diameter is generally smaller than 10 mm) of the conventional conformal cooling water channel when the metal 3D printing is performed. And then realize the quick, high-efficient manufacturing of large-scale and big cooling water route mould, obtain the conformal cooling mould of high cooling efficiency and cooling quality, improve production efficiency and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shape-following cooling die manufacturing, in particular to a method for a metal 3D printing large-aperture waterway shape-following cooling die.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the living demand level of people, the requirements on the shape complexity of injection products are gradually increased. In the actual injection molding production process, conventional cooling waterways such as jet flow type cooling waterways, baffle plate arrays, bushing type cooling waterways and baffle plates are generally distributed in a straight line.
The injection mold with complex shape is not only easy to cause defects of buckling deformation and the like of the injection molding part due to inconsistent distance between the cooling water path and the surface of the cavity, but also reduces the cooling efficiency of the injection molding part, so that the production efficiency is lower. In contrast, the conformal cooling water channel has the characteristic of free design, and the shape of the water channel can be designed into a curve along with the shape characteristics of the injection molding piece, so that the distance between the water channel and the surface of the cavity is controlled, and the plastic piece is uniformly and effectively cooled. However, in the cooling mold prepared by the conventional method, a cooling water path is generally manufactured by adopting a drilling mechanical manufacturing method, and it is difficult to prepare a shape-following cooling water path with complex bending inside the mold.
With the mature development of metal 3D printing technology, the technology provides a new method for manufacturing the complex internal waterway of the conformal cooling die. The metal 3D printing technology is an additive manufacturing method for printing solid parts layer by layer from bottom to top by utilizing high-energy laser beams to generate high temperature to melt metal alloy powder on a two-dimensional section of a three-dimensional model after slicing. Compared with the traditional cutting processing method, the method has the advantages of improving the production efficiency of small-batch parts, shortening the processing time, reducing the material waste, saving the processing cost, customizing individually and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medicine, automobiles, molds, jewelry and the like.
The advantage of the metal 3D printing technology is applied to the design of the die, so that the die with complex geometric shapes can be formed, and the die forming procedure and period can be shortened. However, the metal 3D printing and forming process is easy to generate larger internal stress due to rapid solidification and cooling, so that the overhang structure has defects of deformation, collapse, cracking and the like. Therefore, in the print conformal cooling water path mold, the upper wall of the cooling water path serves as a typical overhang structure; under the influence of thermal stress, when the aperture of the waterway is larger, the defects of edge collapse, curling and the like of the top overhang structure are easier to occur under the action of stress, so that the geometric feature formation fails.
Under the condition that a self-supporting structure is not added, when the metal 3D prints the forming die, the maximum water path diameter capable of being formed smoothly is 8-10mm, and in order to ensure reliability and success rate, the maximum aperture is usually designed to be 8mm in industrial application, so that the cooling efficiency of the conformal cooling water path is limited to a certain extent. Particularly, the cooling quality and the economic benefit of the large conformal cooling mold facing the automobile field can be obviously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cooling a die by a large-aperture waterway shape-following method for 3D printing of metal, which aims to overcome the defects and defects of complex process, uneven cooling, low cooling efficiency and the like of the existing die.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for metal 3D printing of a large-aperture waterway conformal cooling die comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a whole appearance structure of a die:
according to the three-dimensional model of the plastic part, analyzing technical requirements of the structure, the shape, the assembly size and the like of the plastic part, and determining the type and the overall size structure of the die;
s2, designing a conformal cooling water path:
the distribution of the cooling water paths 1 is designed according to the outline of the die, so that the distance from the outer contour of each loop of the cooling water paths 1 to the surface 3 of the die is consistent, and the die is cooled uniformly; the cooling effect of the die is analyzed by adopting die flow analysis software, so that the distribution of cooling waterways is optimized;
s3, a self-supporting structure is designed in the cooling waterway:
a supporting structure 2 is added in the cooling waterway 1; the support structure support is embedded into the inner wall of the water channel of the cooling water channel 1, and the support structure 2, the cooling water channel 1 and the main body part of the die are combined into a three-dimensional model for subsequent metal 3D printing and forming;
step S4, a metal 3D printing forming die:
and (3) importing the three-dimensional model data into metal 3D printing equipment, setting molding process parameters of the metal 3D printing equipment, exhausting air from a molding cavity, introducing protective gas, and then printing and molding.
In step S3, in order to smoothly perform the metal 3D printing when designing the internal support structure of the cooling water channel, the inclination angle of each pillar of the support structure 2 with respect to the horizontal plane is greater than 30 °.
In order to avoid stress concentration at each pillar node of the self-supporting structure 2, and prevent the supporting structure from failing in use of the mold, a spherical structure is added at the center point of the supporting structure 2, so as to improve the overall stability and strength.
The ratio of the projected area of the internal support structure 2 of the cooling water channel 1 along the water flow direction to the inner contour sectional area of the water channel is less than 30%, or the ratio of the total volume of the support posts to the total volume of the cooling water channel 1 is less than 30%.
After the printing and forming in the step S4 are completed, removing powder in the die by adopting an air gun or compressed air, and then carrying out heat treatment, surface machining and polishing treatment on the die; the internal supporting structure of the cooling waterway of the die is reserved, and subsequent treatment is not needed.
The conformal cooling water channel with the supporting structure can ensure the structural strength of the water channel, and effectively avoid the collapse of the overhang structure caused by stress in the metal 3D printing process, thereby breaking through the limitation of the maximum formable size (the diameter is generally smaller than 10 mm) of the conventional conformal cooling water channel when the metal 3D printing is performed. And then realize the quick, high-efficient manufacturing of large-scale and big cooling water route mould, obtain the conformal cooling mould of high cooling efficiency and cooling quality, improve production efficiency and economic benefits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention realizes the manufacture of the large-aperture conformal cooling waterway mold by utilizing a metal 3D printing process. The laser melting is used for melting, stacking and forming the metal powder, so that the conformal cooling waterway mold with three-dimensional design can be directly formed. Compared with the traditional mould manufacturing method, the technology has high design freedom and can realize the manufacturing of complex conformal cooling waterways; the manufacturing process is simple and convenient, and the research, development and manufacturing time of the die can be effectively shortened; the mechanical automation level is high, and the labor cost is reduced.
Based on the advantages of additive manufacturing in the preparation of parts with complex structures, the invention creatively provides a self-supporting large-aperture conformal cooling water path design, prevents the large-aperture conformal cooling water path from collapsing in the metal 3D printing forming process, and improves the cooling efficiency and cooling quality of the die. And when other parts adopt an additive manufacturing method, an improved design is adopted to obtain more service performance, so that ideas and references are provided.
According to the invention, the support structure with smaller sectional area is added in the cooling water channel, the cooling water channel and the internal support structure thereof are integrally printed and formed with the solid part of the die, and the support structure is a part of the die structure and does not need to be removed later.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of a large-aperture conformal cooling water path mold.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a large aperture cooling water circuit and water circuit support structure inside the mold of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the integrated combination design of the internal cooling waterway and the support structure of the mold of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal support structure unit of the large-aperture conformal cooling water path in the mold.
Fig. 5 is a 20mm aperture waterway structure integrally formed by metal 3D printing with different supporting unit cell sizes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a manufacturing method of a large-aperture conformal cooling water path mold, which can be realized by the following steps:
s1, designing a whole appearance structure of a die:
and analyzing technical requirements of the structure, the shape, the assembly size and the like of the plastic part according to the three-dimensional model of the plastic part, and determining the type and the overall size structure of the die.
S2, designing a conformal cooling water path:
as shown in fig. 2, the cooling water paths 1 are designed to be distributed according to the external dimensions, and the distance from the cooling water paths to the surface 3 of the mold is ensured to be consistent, so that the mold is uniformly cooled. And the cooling effect of the die is analyzed by adopting die flow analysis software, so that the distribution of cooling waterways is optimized. In the embodiment, the cooling water paths 1 are close to the surface of the die and distributed in a spiral shape, and the diameter of the cooling water paths is larger than 12mm.
S3, a self-supporting structure is designed in the cooling waterway:
as shown in fig. 2, a support structure 2 is added inside the cooling water channel 1. As shown in fig. 3, the support structure pillars are embedded into the inner wall of the water channel, and the support structure, the cooling water channel and the mold subject part are combined into a three-dimensional model for subsequent metal 3D printing and molding. When the internal support structure of the cooling waterway is designed, as shown in fig. 4, in order to ensure smooth metal 3D printing, the inclination angle of the support column and the horizontal plane is larger than 30 degrees; meanwhile, in order to avoid stress concentration at the support node of the self-supporting structure, the supporting structure is prevented from losing efficacy when the die is used, and a spherical structure is added at the center point of the supporting structure, so that the overall stability and strength are improved.
S4, a metal 3D printing forming die:
and (3) importing the three-dimensional model data into metal 3D printing equipment, setting molding process parameters of the metal 3D printing equipment, exhausting air from a molding cavity, introducing protective gas, and then printing and molding.
S5, post-processing of a printing forming die:
after printing, the powder inside the die is removed by an air gun or compressed air, and then the die is subjected to heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process is carried out according to the specific used materials and with reference to corresponding standards. After the heat treatment, the mold surface is subjected to machining and polishing treatments. The internal supporting structure of the cooling waterway of the die is reserved, and subsequent treatment is not needed.
In the above step S3, the vertical cooling water path section 4 does not have a suspension structure, and therefore, a support structure is not required. The horizontal or inclined waterway with the overhang structure, the internal supporting structure can ensure the structural strength of the waterway under the condition of increasing the diameter of the waterway, so that the overhang structure of the waterway can be acted as a supporting structure in the process of metal 3D printing, the condition that the waterway structure collapses is avoided, and a good forming effect is obtained.
As shown in FIG. 5, through practical printing tests, the size of the supporting structure unit is arbitrarily scaled, and a large-aperture transverse suspension cooling water channel with the diameter of 20mm can be successfully formed by metal 3D printing.
The support structure 2 is mainly a columnar structure, and the shape of the pillar interface is circular, elliptical, triangular, quadrilateral or polygonal. Other shapes can be selected according to specific requirements in practical application.
In conclusion, the self-supporting structure along with the shape cooling waterway can break through the limitation of the metal 3D printing overhang structure, provide support for the waterway forming process, effectively avoid structural collapse in the forming process, break through the limitation of the maximum formable size of the cooling waterway, further realize rapid, efficient and high-quality cooling of the die, and improve the production efficiency and economic benefit.
According to the invention, the self-supporting structure is designed in the conformal cooling waterway, the diameter and the structural strength of the waterway are optimized to the greatest extent, and the strength of the waterway in the metal 3D printing forming process is ensured. The diameter of the conformal cooling water channel is increased to the greatest extent, and the cooling efficiency of the water channel is improved. The cooling waterway, the supporting structure and the solid forming part of the die are directly formed by metal 3D printing integrally, and no assembly is needed.
The inside bearing structure of cooling water route 1 is the part of mould, and bearing structure can guarantee to the aperture water route upper wall overhang structure and does not take place to collapse in the metal 3D printing process to guarantee the smooth shaping of macroporous gold cooling water route.
The diameter of the cooling water path 1 is larger than 12mm and is larger than the limit of 3D printing of water path metal in a conventional conformal cooling die.
The interface shape of each pillar of the support structure 2 of the present invention is circular, elliptical, triangular, quadrangular or polygonal.
The metal 3D printing material is various metal materials and metal matrix composite materials, including but not limited to iron-based metal materials and composite materials thereof (such as commercial 18Ni300 and Fe-Ni-Ti-Al maraging steel), various nickel-based metal materials and composite materials thereof (such as Ni-Cr superalloy), various titanium-based metal materials and composite materials thereof, and the like.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention should be made and equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for metal 3D printing of the large-aperture waterway conformal cooling die is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, designing a whole appearance structure of a die:
analyzing the structure, shape and assembly size of the plastic part according to the three-dimensional model of the plastic part, and determining the type, overall structure and size of the mold;
s2, designing a conformal cooling water path:
the distribution of the cooling water paths (1) is designed according to the outline of the die, so that the distance from the outer contour of each loop of the cooling water paths (1) to the surface (3) of the die is consistent, and the die is cooled uniformly; the cooling effect of the die is analyzed by adopting die flow analysis software, so that the distribution of cooling waterways is optimized;
s3, a self-supporting structure is designed in the cooling waterway:
a supporting structure (2) is added in the cooling waterway (1); the support structure support is embedded into the water channel inner wall of the cooling water channel (1), and the support structure (2), the cooling water channel (1) and the main body part of the die are combined into a three-dimensional model for subsequent metal 3D printing and forming;
step S4, a metal 3D printing forming die:
and (3) importing the three-dimensional model data into metal 3D printing equipment, setting molding process parameters of the metal 3D printing equipment, exhausting air from a molding cavity, introducing protective gas, and then printing and molding.
2. The method for 3D printing of large-aperture waterway conformal cooling mold according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the support structure inside the cooling waterway is designed such that the inclination angle of each pillar of the support structure (2) with respect to the horizontal plane is greater than 30 ° for smooth metal 3D printing.
3. The method for metal 3D printing of large aperture waterway conformal cooling molds according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, in order to avoid stress concentration at each pillar node of the self-supporting structure (2), to prevent the supporting structure from failing in use of the mold, a spherical structure is added at the center point of the supporting structure (2) to improve overall stability and strength.
4. The method for metal 3D printing of a large aperture waterway conformal cooling mold according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a projected area of an internal support structure (2) of the cooling waterway (1) along a water flow direction to an inner contour sectional area of the waterway is less than 30%, or a ratio of a total volume of a pillar to a total volume of the cooling waterway (1) is less than 30%.
5. The method for cooling the die with the large-aperture waterway shape by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein after the printing and forming in the step S4 are completed, powder in the die is removed by an air gun or compressed air, and then the die is subjected to heat treatment, surface machining and polishing treatment; the internal supporting structure of the cooling waterway of the die is reserved, and subsequent treatment is not needed.
6. Method for metal 3D printing of large aperture waterway conformal cooling moulds according to claim 1, characterized in that each pillar interface shape of the supporting structure (2) is circular, elliptical, triangular, quadrangular or polygonal.
7. Method for metal 3D printing of large aperture waterway conformal cooling moulds according to any of claims 1-6 characterized in that the diameter of the cooling waterway (1) is bigger than 12mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311491117.XA CN117620203A (en) | 2023-11-10 | 2023-11-10 | Method for metal 3D printing of large-aperture waterway conformal cooling mold |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311491117.XA CN117620203A (en) | 2023-11-10 | 2023-11-10 | Method for metal 3D printing of large-aperture waterway conformal cooling mold |
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| CN117620203A true CN117620203A (en) | 2024-03-01 |
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| CN202311491117.XA Pending CN117620203A (en) | 2023-11-10 | 2023-11-10 | Method for metal 3D printing of large-aperture waterway conformal cooling mold |
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| CN (1) | CN117620203A (en) |
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