CN1176159A - Technological process of gasified mould casting for high-and midium-chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting casting - Google Patents

Technological process of gasified mould casting for high-and midium-chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting casting Download PDF

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CN1176159A
CN1176159A CN 97107042 CN97107042A CN1176159A CN 1176159 A CN1176159 A CN 1176159A CN 97107042 CN97107042 CN 97107042 CN 97107042 A CN97107042 A CN 97107042A CN 1176159 A CN1176159 A CN 1176159A
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resisting
wear
foundry goods
casting
model
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CN1061273C (en
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程春根
钱子良
张殿甫
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YONGXIN SOLID CASTING FACTORY WUXI CITY
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YONGXIN SOLID CASTING FACTORY WUXI CITY
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Abstract

The high-and medium-chromium casting alloy contains chromium in 13-32 wt%. Before casting, foamed polystyrene mould is produced and combined casting system is formed. Casting temperature is 1380-1520 deg. c and the technological yield is 35-63%. Molding sand uses dry quartz sand densified through three-dimensional vibration and the density of mould is 0.014-0.03 Kg/l. The said method can produce heat resisting and wear resisting castings, such as grate and lining for metallurgical stove, thermal extruding screw in plastic, rubber and building material machine, etc. The casting product thus produced has good durability and abrasion resistance under high-temperature condition.

Description

In the process of gasified pattern casting of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods
The present invention relates to a kind of process of metal casting, related in particular to gasified pattern casting technology as the heat-resistance abrasion-resistance alloy foundry goods of heating furnace and extrusion spiral body and so on.
Heat-resistant antifriction foundry goods and steel-casting had had multiple report, provide a kind of rare earth-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-abrasion resistant cast steel and production technology thereof as CN85105274, be to constitute by carbon, chromium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, rare earth element, said carbon content is 0.45~0.75%, and chromium content is 0.8~1.3%, manganese content is 1.4~1.9%, silicone content is 0.8~1.2%, molybdenum content is 0.2~0.3 5%; Said rare earth element total content is 0.05~0.10%, and wherein sulphur, phosphorus harmful element content must not surpass 0.035%, and the content of remaining aluminium is 0.02~0.06%.CN85105281 provides a kind of rare earth-Mn-Si-Mo-Ti-B-abrasion resistant cast steel, and by carbon, manganese, silicon, titanium, molybdenum, boron, rare earth element constitutes.CN85105282 provides a kind of rare earth-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-Ti-B abrasion resistant cast steel, is made of carbon, chromium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, titanium, boron and rare earth element.CN87106700 provides high strength-toughness cast steel adding rare-earth Ca, the invention provides a kind of high strength-toughness cast steel adding rare-earth Ca, and this cast steel has added rare earth and calcium constituent in carbon containing, silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, aluminium, sulphur, phosphorus.Having reached high strength, high-ductility, solderability, quenching degree casts preferably and uses steel.Flowability, filling and the heat crack resistance of cast steel have been improved, to satisfy present various mine truck, the requirement of development weapon special mechanical cast steel.A kind of cast steel that contains the anti-cavitation erosion of antiwear anti-corrosion of rare earth that CN92105228 provides.CN93103220 provides rare earth multicomponent superhigh temperature sulfur-resistant and anti-wear steel.
But above-mentioned cast steel and alloy thereof are not especially seen with the gasification furnace casting technique and are produced such heat-resisting alloy on cost and technology and incompatible and be applied to the parts that heating furnace is used.
The process of gasified pattern casting has special advantage producing irregularly-shaped castings: technique process is few, foundry goods precision height, realize that the processing capacity of mechanization, finishing operation reduces, especially can produce the part of shape or structure more complicated easily---the foundry goods that can't produce with general casting technique.But in the casting technique of gasified pattern, make model with macromolecular material earlier, recharge the refractory material molding sand that cast steel is used, and then in cast gate, cast.
Though the process of gasified pattern casting has suitable development, steel-casting also can be produced, as Russian Patent SU1210952,1234038,1444067,4805737,1616758, RU2029653 relates to the basic process of gasified pattern technology, the control of the duration of pouring, vacuum pouring technology, automatic process equipment etc. with cast, European patent EP 396483,152754 and BP GB2282554 provided and made gasification of macromolecule pattern and carbonization when compacting does not have bonding molding sand and high temperature cast after the accurate macromolecular material moulding, so foundry goods forms in die cavity, also relates to concrete technology and molding sand and resin thereof etc.U.S. Pat 4448235 has provided the variable gas permeability that is used for cavityless casting and the making of pattern finish, and US4451529 has provided the coating polystyrene foam and produced composition and technology.
But above-mentioned cast steel and alloy thereof are on cost and technology and be not suitable for being applied to the frequent needs that heating furnace uses and use and change parts in a large number, this is owing to be difficult to make crystallization even compact, ganoid goods with conventional casting technique, be used to bear condition of work under the adverse circumstances such as high temperature oxidation resisting, creep resistant, wear-resisting heat shock resistance, and need quite long service life.Yet there are no the high-temperature alloy material that is specifically designed to metallurgical and heating furnace with gasified pattern casting, fire grate bar, liner plate and the sieve plate used of heating furnace for example, the screw rod of extruding hot-working machinery etc., this class material is because physical dimension is special, be generally wire, plane or conveyor screw that shape is more special, conventional cast processes difficulty requires this cast steel operating temperature at 1000 ℃~1250 ℃, is used for various high temperature and wear-resisting condition of work.Especially could solve owing to this type of material also has only by casting, require the grain refinement of foundry goods even again, degree of deformation is little, could guarantee the good endurance under the hot operation condition of foundry goods like this, and wearability is good.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of in the process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods and gasified pattern casting heat resisting cast steel thereof, the casting technique of especially metallurgical and heating furnace and extrusion spiral body and function heat-resistant antifriction foundry goods, as hot-extrudable screw rod of fire grate bar, liner plate and sieve plate, macromolecule and other material hot-working machinery of heating furnace etc., the operating temperature that makes this class material is about 1000 ℃, be used for various high temperature occasions, especially guarantee the good endurance under the condition of work of high temperature and higher temperature of foundry goods, wearability is good.The technical-economic index that optimization is arranged on cost and technology.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of casting technique of the said goods, overcome the deficiency of existing processes condition, make the grain refinement of foundry goods even, degree of deformation is little.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of alloy-steel casting that the existing processes condition can't be produced special shape that overcomes, in order to produce the more foundry goods of high-quality and performance.
The present invention also aims to the present invention with the inventive method can reach dimensional accuracy height, any surface finish, production technology is easy and cost obviously reduces requirement.Other goal of the invention of the present invention provides in specification in addition.
Purpose of the present invention also is achieved by the following technical solution: the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods in a kind of, it is characterized in that with the alloy casting that contains Cr (weight %) 13-32, its technology is the expanded polystyrene pattern type of making earlier, on model, be coated with steel moulder's paint, topped and tamp model with the cast steel molding sand then, topped and tamp model with the cast steel molding sand then, the composite pouring system, molding sand adopts the quartz sand dry sand on model, make the molding sand consolidation through the three-dimensional vibrations, high chrome alloy steel in pouring into a mould then, the pouring temperature of cast steel is 1380-1520 ℃, product yield is got 35-63%, and the density of model is got 0.014-0.03Kg/l.
Further improvement of the present invention is to add (weight %): Ni:0.1-22, rare earth Re 0.1-0.5.Also can add (weight %): P≤0.05 separately; S≤0.05; Si 0.1-3; Mo 0.1-3; Mn 0.1-2.Wherein sulphur, phosphorus are the content control element.
The present invention has following characteristics: because model can be made by the metal foam-in-mould, foundry goods the dimensional accuracy height, linear dimension is also easy to control, the cast(ing) surface polishing, generally do not need reprocessing, moulding is easy, be convenient to produce in enormous quantities, especially can produce the steel-castings such as conveyor screw of special-shaped and complex model structure in a large number, certainly by technological parameters such as crystallization control temperature, made heat-resisting or conveyor screw mechanical parts can be guaranteed quality, and surface sclerosis and crystallization are even, grain refinement, the degree of deformation of foundry goods is little.In addition, consider to use and do not have the bonding dry moulding that moulding and sand removal are simple, molding sand material can use repeatedly.The heat-resistant piece and the wearing piece that utilize prescription of the present invention and technology to make, its life-span will prolong much than traditional product.
The interpolation of a small amount of rare earth alterative makes foundry goods improve in the index of resistance to compression and hot strength, and anti-wear performance obviously improves, and serviceability temperature also improves.
Utilize the present invention to utilize that polystyrene (EPS) is as model cheaply, the cost of production in enormous quantities is low, and minimum phosphorus content can be controlled at below 0.2%, and minimum carbon increasing amount can be controlled at the scope of 0.02-0.06%.This also is that general cavityless casting technology is unapproachable.
The product that utilizes the inventive method to make is wear-resisting, heat resistance is high, the foundry goods that can be used for smelting and heating and extrusion spiral body and function heat-resistant antifriction, as hot-extrudable screw rod of fire grate bar, liner plate and sieve plate, plastics, rubber manufacturing machinery and the building machinery of heating furnace etc., the operating temperature that makes this class material is at 1000 ℃~1200 ℃.Especially guarantee the good endurance under the hot operation condition of foundry goods, wearability is good.The technical-economic index that optimization is arranged on cost and technology.
The present invention makes the grain refinement of foundry goods even, and degree of deformation is little.Service life, the product than other technology doubled above.
The alloy-steel casting that the present invention can provide a kind of existing processes condition to be difficult to the special shape of cast is as conveyor screw (extrusion screw rod etc.), in order to produce the more foundry goods of high-quality and performance.
The various foundry goods that the present invention produces especially can be produced mild steel (foundry goods of carbon containing below 0.25%), can reach dimensional accuracy height, any surface finish, irregularity degree less than 12.5Ra, and the cost of production in enormous quantities obviously reduces, and have good economy.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
Adopt expanded polystyrene (EPS) (EPS) to produce the mild steel foundry goods by batch as the full mold method of mold and pattern for casting type.Generally moulding in metal die of EPS.This moulding is to carry out in make-up machine, the EPS bead is of a size of the 30-60 order, remove the moisture in the EPS bead before the moulding earlier, make the interior pressure of foam beads balanced, strengthen its foaming capacity, after the slaking drying, be filled into the mould (being generally the Al-alloy metal mould) of required form and size, and its 30-50 that foams doubly reached the scope of application of EPS model density, it is better generally to be controlled at 0.016-0.03Kg/l.Blowing temperature 130-145 ℃, steam pressure is 1-2kg/cm2, and the multiplying power of foaming is higher more favourable to control carbon increasing amount and residue problem, but makes model produce distortion and out-of-flatness, not bright and clean easily.
Coated steel moulder's paint and filling molding sand on model then, existing steel moulder's paint has multiple choices, as water base and alcohol radical (as being solvent with methyl alcohol) coating, but comparatively economy with water based paint, produce SG-1 as Changchun, SG-2 coating, require good permeability, intensity is good, good with the adhesion property of foam EPS, can obtain uniform overcoat again, rate of drying is fast, do not chap, the refractory material that the cast steel molding sand is used has: quartz sand, aluminium oxide, zircon sand or its mixed sand, the binding resin of molding sand is a rosin, the acetic acid polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral resin or its mixture or the like, with the used bonding agent of conventional cast steel roughly the same.
Molding sand adopts dry sand also to have good effect on model, and dry sand is selected quartz sand etc. for use, and the general three-dimensional that adopts shakes, and makes the molding sand consolidation.
The design of cast gate and rising head is very important, and cast gate is located at the bottom or the top of model, according to the requirement of foundry goods, also can be step gate, and cast gate mainly is located at the middle part of model, and carbon containing is high, and cast gate is located at the middle part; Low in the carbon containing, cast gate is located at the middle and lower part.Rising head has a plurality of, decide on the volume and weight of steel-casting and the shape of foundry goods, generally need 1-5 rising head relatively uniformly, emerge rapidly when making gas after the EPS gasification of when cast and residue in cast, pressure when reducing cast rapidly, temperature during the cast steel cast is 1380-1520 ℃, product yield is got 35-63%, product yield has provided the ratio of quality with the quality of cast steel workpiece of rising head, its value is mainly decided by the volume and weight of steel-casting and the shape of foundry goods, quality big and thick type foundry goods (more than the 100KG) product yield get 46-62%.And quality is little and to get 38-55% better for the produce rate of technology of slim foundry goods (100KG following).Vacuum pouring also is the normal technology that adopts, and vacuum pouring makes surface quality better, is evacuated to 0.02-0.06MPa.Behind the group type, pour into a mould.
Embodiment 1, and pour into a mould steel works sintering stove fire grate bar with the gasified pattern casting: its composition is (weight %): C 1.0-1.8; Cr 20-32; Mn≤1.5; Si≤2; P≤0.05; S≤0.05, surplus are iron, and length is 450-500mm, thick 25-60mm, and weight is 4-12KG, requires heat-resisting 1200 ℃, and is wear-resisting, shock resistance good.Its process conditions are: make the expanded polystyrene pattern type, adopt expanded polystyrene (EPS) (EPS) to produce foundry goods by batch as the cavityless casting technology of mold and pattern for casting type.Generally moulding in metal die of EPS.The EPS bead is of a size of the 30-60 order, remove the moisture in the EPS bead before the moulding earlier, strengthen its foaming capacity, after the drying slaking, be filled into the mould (Al-alloy metal mould) of required form and size, and, be controlled at 0.02-0.03Kg/l with the scope of application that its 30-50 that foams doubly reaches EPS model density.Blowing temperature 130-145 ℃, steam pressure is 1-2kg/cm2.
Topped steel moulder's paint and molding sand on model then, with above-mentioned water based paint, good with the adhesion property of foam EPS, can obtain uniform overcoat again, rate of drying soon, do not chap can not form uniform overcoat, and the refractory material that the cast steel molding sand is used is that dry sand is selected quartz sand etc. for use, the general three-dimensional that adopts shakes, and makes the molding sand consolidation.Adopt vacuum pouring technology, be evacuated to 0.02-0.06MPa, behind the group type, pour into a mould.
Cast gate is located at the middle and upper part that the bottom of model or middle part, rising head mainly are located at model, and the temperature during the cast steel cast is 1420-1480 ℃, and product yield is got more than 50%.
Another kind of fire grate bar: its composition is (weight %): C 0.2-0.5; Cr 20-30; Ni 18-22; Mn≤1.5; Si≤2; P≤0.05; S≤0.05 surplus is an iron.
The third fire grate bar: its composition is (weight %): C 0.3-0.5; Cr 27-30; Ni 18-22; Mn 0.5-1; Si 1-2.5; P≤0.05; S≤0.05 surplus is an iron.
The 4th kind of fire grate bar: its composition is (weight %): C 0.2-0.5; Cr 20-30; Ni 1.5; Mn≤1.5; Si≤2; P≤0.05; S≤0.05, surplus are iron, and length is 350-500mm, thick 25-60mm, and weight is 4-12KG, requires heat-resisting 1200 ℃, and is wear-resisting, shock resistance good.Its process conditions are first kind of fire grate bar roughly the same.
Embodiment 2, and pour into a mould steel works sintering stove sieve plate with the gasified pattern casting: its composition is (weight %): C 2-3; Cr 20-30; Ni 18-22, Mn≤1.5; Si≤2; P≤0.05; S≤0.05 surplus is an iron, and the area of size is 0.3-0.6m2, thick 50-60mm, and weight is 4-12KG, requires heat-resisting 1200 ℃, and is wear-resisting, shock resistance good.Its process conditions are: make the expanded polystyrene pattern type, adopt expanded polystyrene (EPS) (EPS) to produce foundry goods by batch as the cavityless casting technology of mold and pattern for casting type.Generally moulding in metal die of EPS.The EPS bead is of a size of the 30-60 order, remove the moisture in the EPS bead before the moulding earlier, strengthen its foaming capacity, after the slaking drying, be filled into the Al-alloy metal mould of required form and size, and, be controlled at 0.016-0.028Kg/l with the scope of application that its 30-50 that foams doubly reaches EPS model density.Blowing temperature 130-145 ℃, steam pressure is 1-2kg/cm2.Feeder Design has 3-6, makes that the gas after the EPS gasification and residue cast are emerged the pressure when reducing cast rapidly rapidly when cast.
Topped steel moulder's paint and filling molding sand on model then, as mentioned above, good with the adhesion property of foam EPS, the refractory material that the cast steel molding sand is used is that dry sand is selected quartz sand etc. for use, the general three-dimensional that adopts shakes, make molding sand consolidation, group type, pouring temperature is 1400-1450 ℃, and product yield is got about 53%.Through the rotten processing of rare earth, product size, shape all reach the drawing requirement, and the rim(ming) light leveling of sieve aperture is sliding, and the irregularity degree≤0.5mm of bearing-surface reaches the drawing requirement.
Embodiment 3: the conveyor screw of using gasified pattern casting cast extruded system or extrusion machinery: its composition is (weight %): C 2-3; Cr 20-30; Si≤2; Mn≤2; P≤0.05; S≤0.05, surplus are iron.Consider crystal grain thinning, also can add (weight %) Ni 3.50; Mo 0.1-2.Foundry goods bears huge axial compression power, HRC is greater than 55 for its hardness, be used for moulding extruding, extruder of building materials industry etc. more, directly use without processing the casting back, traditional casting method is difficult to reach the parts requirement, and the casting flaw of helicoid root is difficult to overcome, and yield rate is extremely low, weight is 90-250KG, require wear-resisting, shock resistance good.Its process conditions are: make the expanded polystyrene pattern type, adopt expanded polystyrene (EPS) (EPS) to produce foundry goods by batch as the cavityless casting technology of mold and pattern for casting type.Generally moulding in metal die of EPS.The EPS bead is of a size of the 30-60 order, remove the moisture in the EPS bead before the moulding earlier, strengthen its foaming capacity, after the drying slaking, be filled into the mould (Al-alloy metal mould) of required form and size, and its 30-50 that foams doubly reached the scope of application of EPS model density, and being controlled at 0.016-0.03Kg/l, 0.02-0.03Kg/l is better.Blowing temperature 130-145 ℃, steam pressure is 1-2kg/cm2.Product yield is got 50-75%, decides on the size of parts.
Topped steel moulder's paint and filling molding sand on model then, as mentioned above.Adopt vacuum pouring technology, be evacuated to 0.02-0.06MPa, behind the group type, pour into a mould.
Cast gate is located at the bottom or the middle part of model, cast gate mainly is located at the middle and upper part of model, rising head has a plurality of, and be provided with more uniform rising head, make gas and residue cast after the EPS gasification of when cast emerge rapidly, pressure when reducing cast rapidly, the temperature during the cast steel cast is 1380-1480 ℃, product yield gets 75%.And through the rotten processing of rare earth, the rare earth addition is 0.2-0.5% (weight).
Adopt process of the present invention, simplified moulding, overcome casting flaw, yield rate is up to more than 95%, there is not distortion, endoporus is not processed, the precision height, and directly assembling is used, size reaches the drawing requirement fully, product reaches 1-2 level level through the Non-Destructive Testing internal soundness, even cut open, and inner no sand holes, hole etc.
Another kind of compact spiral body embodiment is heavy 20-40KG, with the above-mentioned part that differs greatly be that product yield is got greater than 50%, other technological parameter is roughly the same.
Embodiment 4: use the polystyrene analogue formation, pour into a mould above-mentioned conveyor screw, its process conditions are: make bubbles model, adopt expanded polystyrene (EPS) to produce foundry goods by batch as the cavityless casting technology of mold and pattern for casting type.General also moulding in metal die.
And adopt following proportioning: Gao Ge, low nickel, contain the prescription of micro-molybdenum, vanadium, rare earth, it is good to obtain resistance to elevated temperatures good (1100~1300 ℃) wear resistance at elevated temperature, and composition is (weight %): C:0.2-3 Cr:26~28 Ni:1~5.5 Si:0.4~1.05
Mo:0.4~0.6 Mn:0.4~1.6 V:0.15~0.35
S≤0.035 P≤0.035 surplus is an iron, adds 0.2% rare earth ferrosilicon alloy when coming out of the stove.

Claims (8)

1. the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods in a kind, it is characterized in that with the alloy casting that contains Cr (weight %) 13-32, its technology is the expanded polystyrene pattern type of making earlier, on model, be coated with steel moulder's paint, topped and tamp model with the cast steel molding sand then, topped and tamp model with the cast steel molding sand then, the composite pouring system, high chrome alloy steel in pouring into a mould then, the pouring temperature of cast steel is 1380-1520 ℃, and product yield is got 35-63%, and molding sand adopts the quartz sand dry sand on model, make the molding sand consolidation through the three-dimensional vibrations, the density of model is got 0.014-0.03Kg/l.
By claim 1 described in the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods, it is characterized in that cast gate mainly is located at the middle part of model, carbon containing is high, cast gate is located at the middle part; Low in the carbon containing, cast gate is located at the middle and lower part.
By claim 1,2 described in the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods, it is characterized in that adding separately (weight %): Si 0.1-3; Mo 0.1-3; Mn 0.1-2.
By claim 1,2 described in the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods, when it is characterized in that the pouring furnace grid section, the density of model is got 0.016-0.028Kg/l, product yield is got more than 50%.
By claim 1,2 described in the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods, when it is characterized in that pouring into a mould the sintering furnace sieve plate, product yield gets 52%, the density of casting mold is got 0.016-0.028Kg/l.
By claim 1,2 described in the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods, it is characterized in that pouring into a mould conveyor screw constantly, product yield is got 50-75%, the density of model is got 0.02-0.03Kg/l.
By claim 1,2 described in the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods, its feature adopts vacuum pouring technology, is evacuated to 0.02-0.06MPa, pours into a mould behind the group type.
By claim 1 described in the gasified pattern casting process of high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting foundry goods, it is characterized in that adding (weight %): Ni:0.1-23, rare earth Re 0.1-0.5.
CN97107042A 1997-07-14 1997-07-14 Technological process of gasified mould casting for high-and midium-chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting casting Expired - Fee Related CN1061273C (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102259163A (en) * 2011-07-22 2011-11-30 江苏联兴成套设备制造有限公司 Heat-resistant wear-resisting rare earth sieve plate
CN103600023A (en) * 2013-11-20 2014-02-26 江苏江旭铸造集团有限公司 Coating for dewaxing casting

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CN101509667B (en) * 2009-03-09 2013-12-18 上海市机械制造工艺研究所有限公司 Production process for fire bar of steel mill sintering apparatus

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CN1021303C (en) * 1990-09-01 1993-06-23 皮奇尼铅公司 Process for lost-foam casting, under pressure, of metal articles
AU672437B2 (en) * 1992-11-16 1996-10-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co., The Lost foam process for casting stainless steel
CN1033744C (en) * 1994-08-05 1997-01-08 秦升益 Foundry method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102259163A (en) * 2011-07-22 2011-11-30 江苏联兴成套设备制造有限公司 Heat-resistant wear-resisting rare earth sieve plate
CN103600023A (en) * 2013-11-20 2014-02-26 江苏江旭铸造集团有限公司 Coating for dewaxing casting

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Address after: 214100 tin Hung Road, Mei Cun Development Zone, Jiangsu, Wuxi

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