CN117614795A - Carrier wave capturing method suitable for multiple phase modulation modes - Google Patents
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- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
- H04L27/362—Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
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Abstract
A carrier wave capturing method suitable for various phase modulation modes relates to the field of wireless communication, and comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out quadrature down-conversion on a received signal to obtain a quadrature signal; s2, carrying out phase extraction on the quadrature signals to obtain phase information of the quadrature signals; s3, multiplying the phase information by N to obtain target phase information, wherein N is determined according to a phase modulation mode; s4, converting the target phase information into a 0-2 pi phase space, and recovering the target phase information into a target orthogonal signal; s5, carrying out FFT operation on the target orthogonal signal, and capturing an FFT operation result to obtain carrier frequency. The invention solves the problem of high calculation complexity in the traditional carrier wave capturing mode, and effectively improves the speed and accuracy of signal processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a carrier wave capturing method applicable to various phase modulation modes.
Background
In radio communication, a transmitter modulates a signal to be transmitted in a radio frequency carrier, i.e. transmits at a certain carrier frequency; the receiver at the signal receiving end needs to demodulate the modulated radio frequency signal, and in the demodulation of the receiver in a coherent mode, a phase-locked loop mode needs to be adopted to realize the extraction of the coherent carrier wave so as to realize the coherent demodulation; prior to coherent demodulation, the receiver needs to acquire the carrier of the signal, known as carrier acquisition (or carrier estimation).
In general, in the case of carrier acquisition, the influence of symbol hopping on spectrum spreading and carrier suppression needs to be considered, that is, in the signal used for carrier acquisition, the symbol hopping of the signal occurring in normal transmission information will affect the energy calculation in the narrow band in the case of carrier acquisition. Therefore, the operation of eliminating the influence of symbol hopping is needed, and the current common practice is to adopt N times to achieve the effect of symbol removal.
The traditional N-degree carrier capturing mode is that after N-degree operation is carried out on the signal, the signal becomes a single carrier, and then the carrier frequency can be obtained through FFT operation on the signal; the method can solve the influence of the phase modulation of BPSK, QPSK/OQPSK and 8PSK on carrier suppression and spectrum expansion (frequency leakage), but the method can not eliminate the influence of the symbol jump for the 16APSK signal and the 8QAM and 16QAM signals with amplitude change, because the amplitude item is not a constant value even after the N times, and the signal still shows the amplitude modulation effect.
In addition, the nonlinear transformation of the power N can bring about the loss of the signal to noise ratio, because the noise in the signal after the power N loses the coherent accumulation characteristic, the processing gain is reduced, and the problems of spectrum leakage and large signal to noise ratio loss caused by symbol hopping cannot be eliminated.
The N times of calculation amount is large, the 8 times of calculation is needed for the 8PSK, the 12 times of calculation is needed for the 16APSK and the 16QAM, the calculation amount is complex, and the calculation amount is unfavorable for the realization of the FPGA.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention discloses a carrier wave capturing method applicable to various phase modulation modes.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a carrier wave capturing method suitable for a plurality of phase modulation modes comprises the following steps:
s1, to be receivedThe signal is subjected to quadrature down-conversion to obtain a quadrature signal x (t) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The orthogonal signal x (t) The method comprises the following steps:
wherein A is t As amplitude information, amplitude information in the orthogonal signal is represented; omega Δ Representing a residual frequency difference signal in the orthogonal signal as a carrier frequency;representing phase change information in the quadrature signal as carrier phase; t is time;
s2, pair-wise orthogonalizing signal x (t) Phase extraction is carried out to obtain the phase information of the quadrature signal
S3, the phase information is processedMultiplying N to obtain target phase information->The value of N is determined according to a phase modulation mode;
s4, the target phase information is processedConverted to a 0-2 pi phase space and restored to a target quadrature signal, the target quadrature signal x' (t) The method comprises the following steps:
s5, the target orthogonal signal x' (t) And carrying out FFT operation, and capturing an FFT operation result to obtain carrier frequency.
Specifically, step S1 includes receiving a radio frequency signal by a zero intermediate frequency receiver to obtain a received signal, and performing quadrature down-conversion on the received signal to obtain a quadrature signal x (t) 。
Specifically, the phase extraction in step S2 is specifically: will orthogonalize signal x (t) Performing tan value calculation and quantization, and extracting phase information of the quadrature signal by phase calculation
Specifically, in step S3, the phase modulation mode is any one of BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, or 16 APSK.
Specifically, N corresponding to the BPSK modulation scheme is 2, N corresponding to the qpsk and OQPSK modulation schemes is 4,8PSK, N corresponding to the 8QAM modulation scheme is 8,16QAM, and N corresponding to the 16APSK modulation scheme is 12.
Specifically, capturing the FFT operation result in step S5 to obtain the carrier frequency specifically includes: in the spectrum of the FFT calculation result, the frequency corresponding to the spectral line with the highest energy is the carrier frequency.
The invention discloses a carrier wave capturing method suitable for various phase modulation modes, which comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out quadrature down-conversion on a received signal to obtain a quadrature signal; s2, carrying out phase extraction on the quadrature signals to obtain phase information of the quadrature signals; s3, multiplying the phase information by N to obtain target phase information, wherein N is determined according to a phase modulation mode; s4, converting the target phase information into a 0-2 pi phase space, and recovering the target phase information into a target orthogonal signal; s5, carrying out FFT operation on the target orthogonal signal, and capturing an FFT operation result to obtain carrier frequency. The carrier wave capturing method suitable for various phase modulation modes effectively solves the problem of high computing complexity in the traditional carrier wave capturing mode, and effectively improves the speed and accuracy of signal processing.
Furthermore, the invention realizes the elimination of the phase change by multiplying the extracted phase information by N, and changes the N-th operation into the operation of multiplying N, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of calculation and being more beneficial to the realization of FPGA;
because nonlinear transformation of the power N is not adopted, the problem that noise in signals after the power N loses coherent accumulation characteristics and frequency spectrum leakage and signal to noise ratio loss caused by symbol hopping are solved.
Furthermore, the carrier capturing method provided by the invention is suitable for more phase modulation modes, can realize carrier capturing under multi-system modulation modes such as BPSK, QPSK/OQPSK, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16QAM and the like, is a carrier capturing mode with wider application range and higher efficiency, and can effectively improve the efficiency of signal processing;
drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a carrier capturing method applicable to multiple phase modulation modes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a carrier acquisition process based on phase extraction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a BPSK constellation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a QPSK/OQPSK constellation provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an 8PSK constellation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an 8QAM constellation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a 16QAM constellation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a 16APSK constellation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Some terms involved in the present application are explained below.
(1) I/Q signal
I/Q is a radio frequency signal, I is In-Phase, Q is Quadrature (90 degrees Phase shift), i.e., a signal representing two paths that are 90 degrees out of Phase. The polar coordinates may be represented by amplitude and phase, and the rectangular coordinates may be represented by X and Y values. In digital communication systems, however, typically X is replaced with I to represent in-phase and Y is replaced with Q to represent 90 ° phase. So-called I/Q modulators, I/Q demodulators and QPSK (quadrature phase keying) modulators/demodulators are thus produced.
(2) Zero intermediate frequency receiver
The zero intermediate frequency receiver is a receiver capable of directly converting a radio frequency signal into an original transmission signal without intermediate frequency.
(3)FPGA
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a product of further development on the basis of programmable devices such as PAL (programmable array logic), GAL (generic array logic) and the like. The programmable device is used as a semi-custom circuit in the field of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), which not only solves the defect of custom circuits, but also overcomes the defect of limited gate circuits of the original programmable device.
(4) Carrier frequency
The carrier frequency is a fixed frequency in which a signal is loaded onto a wave of a fixed frequency, rather than being directly transmitted during transmission. Strictly speaking, a lower signal frequency is modulated onto a relatively higher frequency, which is referred to as the carrier frequency, also referred to as the fundamental frequency, of the lower frequency modulation.
(5) Constellation diagram
In analog modulation, the carrier wave parameter is changed in continuous analog information. In digital modulation, the variation of these carrier parameters (amplitude, frequency and phase) is determined by discrete digital signals. In this sense, digital modulation and analog modulation are not essentially different. The digitally modulated signal only has to represent discrete modulation states, which are called symbol points (symbol points) on the vector diagram,
(6)NCO
digitally controlled oscillators (NCO, numerically controlled oscillator) are important components of software radio, direct data frequency synthesizers (DDS, direct digital synthesizer), fast fourier transforms (FFT, fast Fourier Transform), etc., and are also one of the main factors determining their performance for generating controllable sine or cosine waves. With the improvement of chip integration level, the method is widely applied to the fields of signal processing, digital communication, modulation and demodulation, variable frequency speed regulation, guidance control, power electronics and the like. The combination of symbol points is called constellation.
(7) Quadrature down-conversion
The task of the quadrature down-conversion system is to remove the intermediate frequency carrier from the received signal, and to extract the in-phase and quadrature parts of the signal without loss. Digital quadrature down-conversion includes three modes, low-pass filtering, interpolation and polyphase filtering.
(8)FFT
The FFT is an efficient algorithm for DFT, called fast fourier transform (fast Fourier transform). Fourier transform is one of the most basic methods in time-domain-frequency-domain transform analysis. The FFT algorithm can be classified into a time-wise decimation algorithm and a frequency-wise decimation algorithm.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present embodiment discloses a carrier capturing method applicable to multiple phase modulation modes, which includes the following steps:
s1, performing quadrature down-conversion on a received signal to obtain a quadrature signal x (t) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The orthogonal signal x (t) The method comprises the following steps:
wherein A is t As amplitude information, amplitude information in the orthogonal signal is represented; omega Δ Representing a residual frequency difference signal in the orthogonal signal as a carrier frequency;representing phase change information in the quadrature signal as carrier phase; t is time;
specifically, step S1 includes receiving a radio frequency signal by a zero intermediate frequency receiver to obtain a received signal, and performing quadrature down-conversion on the received signal to obtain a quadrature signal x (t) 。
Specifically, the received signal includes I and Q, where I and Q are I paths of the signal, and Q paths are represented as two orthogonal paths of the signal.
Specifically, the zero intermediate frequency receiver will change the received rf signal into two orthogonal signals I, Q, i.e. the received signal in this embodiment, and the orthogonal down conversion in this embodiment is another orthogonal down conversion process on the received signal in the digital domain, and the orthogonal signals may be orthogonally converted multiple times by those skilled in the art.
The NCO provides digital local oscillation signals for digital quadrature down-conversion, the PINC value is the frequency control value of the NCO, different PINC values can enable the NCO to output local oscillation signals with different frequencies, namely after the digital down-conversion, a frequency value corresponding to the PINC value is obtained, and the frequency is reduced again.
Referring to fig. 2, the digital quadrature down-conversion and NCO together form a digital conversion structure in this embodiment, and by using a suitable PINC value, the carrier frequency of the residual carrier frequency signal is still within the range that can be analyzed by FFT after the phase extraction and linear transformation.
The person skilled in the art can determine the PINC value according to a specific FFT-analyzable range, which is known in the art and will not be described here.
In this embodiment a zero intermediate frequency receiver pair is usedThe signal is received, and the orthogonal down conversion is carried out on two orthogonal signals of the signal received by the receiver to obtain an orthogonal signal x (t) ：
Wherein A is t Amplitude information, which represents amplitude information in the quadrature signal, is related to amplitude modulation in the modulation constellation;
wherein omega Δ For carrier frequency, the residual frequency difference signal in the orthogonal signal is represented, and for non-frequency modulated signals, the signal can be regarded as a fixed value, which is also the result of estimation needed by the carrier capture;
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the phase change condition in the quadrature signal as carrier phase, and correlating with phase modulation in the modulation constellation; t is time;
for modulation regime, A t Andthe time variation constitutes the constellation map of the symbols and the conversion relations between constellation points in the constellation. According to different modulation modes, the expressions of the two are shown in the following table:
s2, pair-wise orthogonalizing signal x (t) Phase extraction is carried out to obtain the phase information of the quadrature signalSpecifically, the phase extraction in step S2 is specifically: will orthogonalize signal x (t) Performing tan value calculation and quantization, and extracting phase information +_of the quadrature signal by phase calculation>
Specifically, in step S1, the quadrature signal model after quadrature down-conversion is:from the orthogonal signal x by the Euler equation (t) The way of converting its I>Way of Q->
To obtain phase informationThe quadrature signal x can be first (t) Performing tan value calculation and quantization to obtain +.>Is obtained by the following formula:
then extracting phase information by phase calculation, namely obtaining the phase information by arctan (Q/I) calculation
The atan table look-up is to complete the arctan calculation in the table look-up mode.
Specifically, the modulation information of the signal amplitude is discarded, and the phase information of the signal is extracted (i.e. obtained firstTime domain signal of (c).
S3, the phase information is processedMultiplying N to obtain target phase information->The value of N is determined according to a phase modulation mode;
for carrier frequency acquisition, we want to remove or reduce a in the signal t Andfactors affecting frequency estimation such as carrier suppression, spectrum spread (frequency leakage), etc. due to the variation of (a) are described. And according to A in different modulation modes t And->We can do a nonlinear variation of the quadrature signal to cancel this effect.
Specifically, the method of eliminating the influence of the phase modulation by linear variation in the present embodiment is similar to the above-described method of N-th power, but differs therefrom in that the above-described N-th power can only change the signal as a whole to eliminate the influence of the symbol (phase modulation), since the phase information has been extracted in the present methodThe phase only information need be changed, i.e. the cancellation of the phase change is achieved by multiplying by one N, changing the N-th operation into an N-multiplied operation.
Specifically, in step S3, the phase modulation mode is any one of BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, or 16 APSK.
Specifically, N corresponding to the BPSK modulation scheme is 2, N corresponding to the qpsk and OQPSK modulation schemes is 4,8PSK, N corresponding to the 8QAM modulation scheme is 8,16QAM, and N corresponding to the 16APSK modulation scheme is 12.
S4, the target phase information is processedConverted to a 0-2 pi phase space and restored to a target quadrature signal, the target quadrature signal x' (t) The method comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, taking an 8QAM modulation scheme as an example, the method is obtained through step S2And its expression:
when the amplitude is R 1 Time (inner circle):
when the amplitude is R 2 Time (outer ring):
thus directly willDirectly multiplying the waveform of (2) by 8, a +.>But therein->Is a point overlapping in phase, i.e. does not exhibit phase modulation.
At this time will againRestoring to quadrature signal, ">Is->The value is 1, so only frequency information remains, but the frequency estimation result at this time is 8 times the original signal frequency.
The DDS table contains the results of cos (x) and sin (x), wherein the value range of x is 0-2 pi, and when the signal is recovered, the orthogonal signal is recovered by calculating the values of cos (x) and sin (x) from the phase angle of 0-2 pi obtained.
Specifically, the recovery of the phase information into the quadrature signal, that is, the recovery of the signal represented by the mathematical formula into the data stream representation, can be achieved by DDS table look-up, which is a basic knowledge in the art for those skilled in the art, and will not be described herein.
S5, the target orthogonal signal x' (t) And carrying out FFT operation, and capturing an FFT operation result to obtain carrier frequency.
Specifically, capturing the FFT operation result in step S5 to obtain the carrier frequency specifically includes: in the spectrum of the FFT calculation result, the frequency corresponding to the spectral line with the highest energy is the carrier frequency, and the capturing is completed.
Assuming that the sampling rate of the signal is Fs, N is a factor of linear change, and the number of operation points of the FFT is M, the capturing range and capturing precision obtained by using the carrier capturing method of the embodiment are as follows:
capture range: + -Fs/N/2 of the total number of the cells,
capturing precision: + -Fs/M/N
Peak frequency in FFT: is N times the frequency of the input signal.
The carrier capturing method applicable to various phase modulation modes disclosed in the embodiment comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out quadrature down-conversion on a received signal to obtain a quadrature signal; s2, carrying out phase extraction on the quadrature signals to obtain phase information of the quadrature signals; s3, multiplying the phase information by N to obtain target phase information, wherein N is determined according to a phase modulation mode; s4, converting the target phase information into a 0-2 pi phase space, and recovering the target phase information into a target orthogonal signal; s5, carrying out FFT operation on the target orthogonal signal, and capturing an FFT operation result to obtain carrier frequency. The carrier capturing method suitable for multiple phase modulation modes effectively solves the problem of high computing complexity in the traditional carrier capturing mode, and effectively improves the speed and accuracy of signal processing.
Furthermore, the embodiment realizes the elimination of the phase change by multiplying the extracted phase information by N, and changes the operation of N times into the operation of multiplying N, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of calculation and being more beneficial to the realization of FPGA;
because nonlinear transformation of the power N is not adopted, the problem that noise in signals after the power N loses coherent accumulation characteristics and frequency spectrum leakage and signal to noise ratio loss caused by symbol hopping are solved.
Furthermore, the carrier capturing method provided by the embodiment is applicable to more phase modulation modes, can achieve carrier capturing under multi-system modulation modes such as BPSK, QPSK/OQPSK, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16QAM and the like, is a carrier capturing mode with wider application range and higher efficiency, and can effectively improve the efficiency of signal processing;
the invention has not been described in detail in the prior art, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof; the present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and range of equivalency are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (6)
1. The carrier wave capturing method suitable for various phase modulation modes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing quadrature down-conversion on a received signal to obtain a quadrature signal x (t) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The orthogonal signal x (t) The method comprises the following steps:
wherein A is t As amplitude information, amplitude information in the orthogonal signal is represented; omega Δ Representing a residual frequency difference signal in the orthogonal signal as a carrier frequency;representing phase change information in the quadrature signal as carrier phase; t is time;
s2, pair-wise orthogonalizing signal x (t) Phase extraction is carried out to obtain the phase information of the quadrature signal
S3, the phase information is processedMultiplying N to obtain target phase information->The value of N is determined according to a phase modulation mode;
s4, the target phase information is processedConverted to a 0-2 pi phase space and restored to a target quadrature signal, x' (t) The method comprises the following steps:
s5, the target orthogonal signal x' (t) And carrying out FFT operation, and capturing an FFT operation result to obtain carrier frequency.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step S1 comprises receiving a radio frequency signal by a zero intermediate frequency receiver to obtain said received signal, and then for said receivingThe signal is subjected to quadrature down-conversion to obtain a quadrature signal x (t) 。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phase extraction in step S2 is specifically: will orthogonalize signal x (t) Performing tan value calculation and quantization, and extracting phase information of the quadrature signal by phase calculation
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase modulation scheme in step S3 is any one of BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, or 16 APSK.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein N for BPSK modulation scheme is 2, N for qpsk and OQPSK modulation scheme is 4,8PSK, N for 8QAM modulation scheme is 8,16QAM, and N for 16APSK modulation scheme is 12.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein capturing the FFT operation result in step S5 specifically includes: in the spectrum of the FFT calculation result, the frequency corresponding to the spectral line with the highest energy is the carrier frequency.
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