CN117612354A - Automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for landslide body in mountain area - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for landslide body in mountain area Download PDFInfo
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
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- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for landslide mass in mountain areas, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining reference points and monitoring points of a monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards; constructing a reference foundation pier based on the reference point positions, and constructing a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point positions; acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point location in real time based on a GNSS monitoring foundation pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on a reference foundation pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data; calculating displacement data of the monitoring point positions based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuously monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point positions are abnormal. According to the invention, through full-time-period and multidirectional automatic monitoring of the landslide multi-shot area, early warning notification is carried out in time when abnormality occurs, and the landslide multi-shot area monitoring method has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation and higher monitoring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of landslide hazard monitoring, in particular to an automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for landslide bodies in mountainous areas.
Background
Landslide is a sliding geological phenomenon of a slope rock-soil body along a through shearing fracture surface. China is one of the most serious countries with geological disasters, and landslide disasters occur frequently, so that casualties, property loss and traffic road section blockage are caused to different degrees.
Landslide has the characteristics of wide distribution, frequent occurrence, slowness, concealment and the like, and once occurrence causes casualties and huge economic losses, landslide monitoring can reduce disaster losses. However, the traditional manual monitoring is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the monitoring period is long, and landslide danger occurs under severe stormwater, at this time, the manual monitoring cannot acquire effective information, so that the monitoring system is invalid.
Therefore, how to realize the automatic and omnibearing efficient monitoring and early warning of the landslide hazard area becomes a problem which needs to be solved by the staff in the current field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for landslide mass in mountainous areas, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic and omnibearing efficient monitoring and early warning for landslide hidden danger areas.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides an automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountain area, comprising:
determining reference points and monitoring points of a monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards;
constructing a reference foundation pier based on the reference point positions, and constructing a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point positions;
acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point location in real time based on a GNSS monitoring foundation pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on a reference foundation pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
and calculating displacement data of the monitoring point positions based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuously monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point positions are abnormal.
In one possible implementation, determining a monitoring point location of a monitoring area based on mountain characteristics and design criteria includes:
establishing a three-dimensional model of a mountain area target area, and acquiring mountain area reference feature points and monitoring feature points based on mountain area features in the three-dimensional model;
and screening and correcting the reference characteristic points and the monitoring characteristic points based on the design standard to obtain the reference points and the monitoring points of the monitoring area.
In one possible implementation, the design criteria include reference point location design criteria and monitoring point location design criteria;
the reference point design criteria include:
the annual average dip and displacement of the reference point is not lower than a first threshold;
the radio transmitting device does not exist in the first preset radius range of the reference point position;
the vibration device does not exist in a second preset radius range of the reference point;
the design criteria for monitoring the point locations include:
no obstacle with the height larger than the first preset size exists in the third preset radius range of the monitoring point position;
the monitoring point is arranged on the characteristic section in the mountain area target area.
In one possible implementation, building a reference pier based on a reference point location, building a GNSS monitoring pier based on a monitoring point location, including:
drilling holes in the reference point position and the monitoring point position according to preset construction standards to obtain a reference point position drilling hole and a monitoring point position drilling hole, wherein the directions of the reference point position drilling hole and the monitoring point position drilling hole are perpendicular to the direction of the slope surface, and the reference point position drilling hole and the monitoring point position drilling hole penetrate through a position exceeding the preset distance of the slope sliding surface;
placing a reference base pier at the center of a reference point drilling hole, starting along the bottom of the reference drilling hole, filling gravel between the reference base pier and the wall of the reference point drilling hole to a position lower than a preset distance of a reference point drilling hole opening, and adopting concrete to irrigate and seal the reference point drilling hole opening;
and placing the GNSS monitoring foundation pier at the central position of the monitoring point position drilling hole, starting along the bottom of the monitoring drilling hole, filling gravel between the GNSS monitoring foundation pier and the wall of the monitoring point position drilling hole to a position lower than the preset distance of the monitoring point position drilling hole, and adopting concrete to irrigate and seal the monitoring point position drilling hole.
In one possible implementation manner, the reference pier is built based on the reference point location, the GNSS monitoring pier is built based on the monitoring point location, and the method further includes:
and pre-burying a hard pipeline with a preset standard at a preset distance below the vertexes of the reference point drilling outer wall and the monitoring point drilling outer wall.
In one possible implementation manner, the method for acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point location in real time based on a GNSS monitoring base pier, correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on a reference base pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data includes:
acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the monitoring points in real time according to a preset acquisition frequency based on the GNSS monitoring foundation pier;
preprocessing the collected initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
correcting the processed initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference foundation pier, determining a correction coefficient of the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, and calculating based on the correction coefficient to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data.
In one possible implementation, preprocessing the collected initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data includes:
carrying out missing value processing on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing outlier processing on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing data consistency check on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing data quality control on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
the missing value processing comprises an interpolation method and an erasure method, the abnormal value processing comprises a data range checking method and a statistical method, the data consistency checking comprises a logic relation checking method and a time sequence consistency method, and the data quality control comprises a data verification method and a data examination method.
In one possible implementation manner, displacement data of a monitoring point location is calculated based on target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, the displacement data is judged, when the displacement data is normal, monitoring is continued, when the displacement data of the monitoring point location is abnormal, an early warning signal is output, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating Euclidean distance of the three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the target in a plane coordinate system based on the signal time sequence to obtain displacement data of the monitoring point position;
judging the displacement data, wherein abnormal conditions of the displacement data include, but are not limited to, the displacement data exceeding a preset threshold value and the displacement data change amount continuously increasing;
and when the displacement data are normal, continuing to monitor, and when the displacement data of the monitoring point position are abnormal, outputting an early warning signal.
In one possible implementation manner, when the displacement data of the monitoring point is abnormal, outputting an early warning signal, including:
dividing the abnormal grade of the displacement data based on a preset abnormal rule;
and outputting an early warning signal matched with the abnormal grade.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an automatic monitoring and early warning system for landslide mass in mountain area, comprising:
the point position determining module is used for determining reference points and monitoring points of the monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards;
the foundation pier construction module is used for constructing a reference foundation pier based on the reference point positions and constructing a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point positions;
the monitoring module is used for acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the monitoring point positions in real time based on the GNSS monitoring base pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference base pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
and the early warning module is used for calculating displacement data of the monitoring point positions based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuing monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting early warning signals when the displacement data of the monitoring point positions are abnormal.
The beneficial effects of adopting the embodiment are as follows: determining reference points and monitoring points of a monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards; constructing a reference foundation pier based on the reference point positions, and constructing a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point positions; acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point location in real time based on a GNSS monitoring foundation pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on a reference foundation pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data; and calculating displacement data of the monitoring point positions based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuously monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point positions are abnormal. According to the invention, through full-time-period and multidirectional automatic monitoring of the landslide multi-shot area, early warning notification is carried out in time when abnormality occurs, and the landslide multi-shot area monitoring method has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation and higher monitoring precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of an automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountain area;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of step S12 in an embodiment of the automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountain area according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of step S13 in an embodiment of an automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountain area according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an automatic monitoring and early warning system for landslide mass in mountainous areas.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits or in different networks and/or processor systems and/or microcontroller systems.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of an automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountainous areas.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides an automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:
s11, determining reference points and monitoring points of a monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards;
s12, building a reference foundation pier based on the reference point position, and building a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point position;
s13, acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point location in real time based on a GNSS monitoring foundation pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on a reference foundation pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
and S14, calculating displacement data of the monitoring point based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuously monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point are abnormal.
The beneficial effects of adopting the embodiment are as follows: determining reference points and monitoring points of a monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards; constructing a reference foundation pier based on the reference point positions, and constructing a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point positions; acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point location in real time based on a GNSS monitoring foundation pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on a reference foundation pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data; and calculating displacement data of the monitoring point positions based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuously monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point positions are abnormal. According to the invention, through full-time-period and multidirectional automatic monitoring of the landslide multi-shot area, early warning notification is carried out in time when abnormality occurs, and the landslide multi-shot area monitoring method has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation and higher monitoring precision.
It should be explained that, compared with the traditional manual monitoring method, the present invention adopts GNSS automation monitoring, which has at least the following advantages:
(1) No need to keep a view between monitoring points: as the GNSS monitoring points do not need to be kept in a visible way, the deformation monitoring network can be arranged more freely and conveniently. Many intermediate transition points (when deformation monitoring is carried out by adopting a conventional geodetic method, many intermediate transition points are often set for transmitting coordinates) can be omitted, and marks do not need to be built, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources can be saved.
(2) Three-dimensional displacement of monitoring point location can be monitored simultaneously: when the deformation is monitored by adopting the traditional geodetic method, the plane displacement is usually measured by means of directional intersection, distance intersection, total station polar coordinate method and the like. Whereas vertical displacement is typically measured using precision leveling methods. The separate determination of horizontal and vertical displacement increases the effort. In addition, when monitoring landslide geological disasters in mountain areas and the like, accurate leveling is extremely difficult due to steep terrain. When the triangular elevation measurement is used for measuring the vertical displacement, the precision is not ideal. And when the deformation is carried out by using the GNSS positioning technology, the three-dimensional displacement of the points can be measured at the same time, so that the precision loss caused by the error of the abnormal elevation when the ground elevation is converted into the conventional elevation can be avoided.
(3) All-weather observation: GNSS measurement is not limited by climate conditions, and monitoring points can be effectively monitored in severe environments such as wind, snow, rain, fog and the like.
(4) The automation of the whole system is easy to realize: because the data acquisition of the GNSS receiver is automatically carried out, and the receiver prepares a necessary entrance for a user, the user can conveniently build the GNSS deformation monitoring system into an unattended full-automatic monitoring system, thereby not only ensuring long-term continuous operation, but also greatly reducing deformation monitoring cost and improving the reliability of monitoring data.
(5) High-precision monitoring: the GNSS monitoring can realize millimeter-level displacement monitoring, so that the monitoring precision of landslide easily-occurring areas is effectively improved.
The automatic monitoring and early warning method for the landslide body in the mountain area is not only suitable for early warning before landslide in the mountain area, but also suitable for monitoring after landslide in the mountain area.
In one embodiment, determining monitoring points of a monitoring area based on mountain characteristics and design criteria includes:
establishing a three-dimensional model of a mountain area target area, and acquiring mountain area reference feature points and monitoring feature points based on mountain area features in the three-dimensional model;
and screening and correcting the reference characteristic points and the monitoring characteristic points based on the design standard to obtain the reference points and the monitoring points of the monitoring area.
After three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the mountain area target area, reference feature points and monitoring feature points of the mountain area target area are extracted, and then the extracted reference feature points and the extracted monitoring feature points are screened based on design criteria, so that the reference points and the monitoring point meeting the requirements are obtained, wherein the design criteria comprise a construction design drawing.
In one embodiment, the design criteria include reference point design criteria and monitoring point design criteria;
the reference point design criteria include:
the annual average dip and displacement of the reference point is not lower than a first threshold;
the radio transmitting device does not exist in the first preset radius range of the reference point position;
the vibration device does not exist in a second preset radius range of the reference point;
the design criteria for monitoring the point locations include:
no obstacle with the height larger than the first preset size exists in the third preset radius range of the monitoring point position;
the monitoring point is arranged on the characteristic section in the mountain area target area.
The first preset radius range, the second preset radius range and the third preset radius range can be flexibly set according to actual requirements, so that the reference point position and the monitoring point position can effectively work, the condition limiting of the reference point position and the monitoring point position can avoid interference of monitoring results of surrounding devices or unfavorable geographic factors, and the monitoring accuracy can be effectively improved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of step S12 in an embodiment of the automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountain area provided by the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, step S12 includes:
s121, drilling holes in a reference point position and a monitoring point position according to a preset construction standard to obtain a reference point position drilling hole and a monitoring point position drilling hole, wherein the directions of the reference point position drilling hole and the monitoring point position drilling hole are perpendicular to the direction of a slope surface, and the reference point position drilling hole and the monitoring point position drilling hole penetrate through a position exceeding a preset distance on a sliding surface of the slope;
s122, placing the reference foundation pier at the center of the reference point drilling hole, starting along the bottom of the reference drilling hole, filling gravel between the reference foundation pier and the wall of the reference point drilling hole to a position lower than a preset distance of a hole opening of the reference point drilling hole, and adopting concrete to irrigate and seal the hole opening of the reference point drilling hole;
s123, placing the GNSS monitoring foundation pier at the central position of the monitoring point position drilling hole, starting along the bottom of the monitoring drilling hole, filling gravel between the GNSS monitoring foundation pier and the wall of the monitoring point position drilling hole to a position lower than the preset distance of the monitoring point position drilling hole, and adopting concrete to irrigate and seal the monitoring point position drilling hole.
According to the invention, the reference foundation pier and the GNSS monitoring foundation pier are respectively fixed in the reference point drilling and the monitoring point by adopting concrete, so that the reference foundation pier and the GNSS monitoring foundation pier are fully fixed with the ground, and monitoring errors caused by looseness of the reference foundation pier and the GNSS monitoring foundation pier are avoided.
Further, build reference foundation pier based on reference point position, build GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on monitoring point position, still include:
and pre-burying a hard pipeline with a preset standard at a preset distance below the vertexes of the reference point drilling outer wall and the monitoring point drilling outer wall, so that the reference foundation pier and the GNSS monitoring foundation pier are effectively protected.
Further, the reference base pier and the GNSS monitoring base pier adopt various communication modes to carry out information interaction with the terminal control platform, and when one communication mode is interrupted, the communication modes can be switched to other communication modes to carry out signal transmission, and the communication modes comprise, but are not limited to, GPRS, beidou transmission dual-mode communication and an optical fiber network bridge.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of step S13 in an embodiment of the automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountain area provided by the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, step S13 includes:
s131, acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point position in real time according to a preset acquisition frequency based on a GNSS monitoring foundation pier;
s132, preprocessing the collected initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
s133, correcting the processed initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference foundation pier, determining a correction coefficient of the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, and calculating based on the correction coefficient to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data.
And then correcting the processed initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data by utilizing the reference foundation pier to determine the correction coefficient of the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, and calculating the correction coefficient to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, thereby avoiding displacement data deviation caused by coordinate conversion.
Further, preprocessing the collected initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, including:
carrying out missing value processing on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing outlier processing on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing data consistency check on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing data quality control on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
the missing value processing comprises an interpolation method and an erasure method, the abnormal value processing comprises a data range checking method and a statistical method, the data consistency checking comprises a logic relation checking method and a time sequence consistency method, and the data quality control comprises a data verification method and a data examination method.
In one embodiment, step S14 includes:
calculating Euclidean distance of the three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the target in a plane coordinate system based on the signal time sequence to obtain displacement data of the monitoring point position;
judging the displacement data, wherein abnormal conditions of the displacement data include, but are not limited to, the displacement data exceeding a preset threshold value and the displacement data change amount continuously increasing;
and when the displacement data are normal, continuing to monitor, and when the displacement data of the monitoring point position are abnormal, outputting an early warning signal.
When the three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the target is obtained, the Euclidean distance in the plane coordinate system is utilized, the displacement data of the monitoring point position can be calculated, then the displacement data of the monitoring point position is judged, generally, the abnormal condition of landslide in a mountain area comprises two types, one type of the abnormal condition is that the displacement of the monitoring point position is larger than a preset threshold value, the point position is proved to have obvious offset, the other type of the abnormal condition is that the displacement change of the monitoring point position is continuously increased, the risk of landslide occurrence of the monitoring point position is gradually increased, so that landslide condition is predicted, working personnel are required to pay importance when the two types of the abnormal condition occur, and necessary measures are taken to prevent geological disasters caused by the landslide.
Further, when the displacement data of the monitoring point is abnormal, outputting an early warning signal, including:
dividing the abnormal grade of the displacement data based on a preset abnormal rule;
and outputting an early warning signal matched with the abnormal grade.
It can understand that the displacement degree of monitoring point position is distinguished, so that different early warning signals are matched, the degree of landslide occurrence can be known by staff at the first time, and the processing efficiency of the staff is improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an automatic monitoring and early warning system for landslide mass in mountainous areas.
Referring to fig. 4, the invention further provides an automatic monitoring and early warning system for landslide mass in mountainous areas, comprising:
the point location determining module 41 is configured to determine a reference point location and a monitoring point location of the monitoring area based on the mountain area features and the design criteria;
a foundation pier construction module 42, configured to construct a reference foundation pier based on the reference point location and construct a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point location;
the monitoring module 43 is configured to collect initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of a monitoring point location in real time based on the GNSS monitoring base pier, and correct the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference base pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
the early warning module 44 is configured to calculate displacement data of the monitoring point based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, determine the displacement data, continuously monitor the displacement data when the displacement data is normal, and output an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point is abnormal.
The beneficial effects of adopting the embodiment are as follows: the point location determining module 41 determines a reference point location and a monitoring point location of the monitoring area based on the mountain area characteristics and the design criteria; the foundation pier construction module 42 constructs a reference foundation pier based on the reference points and constructs a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring points; the monitoring module 43 acquires initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the monitoring point in real time based on the GNSS monitoring base pier, and corrects the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference base pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data; the early warning module 44 calculates displacement data of the monitoring point based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judges the displacement data, continues monitoring when the displacement data is normal, and outputs an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point is abnormal. According to the invention, through full-time-period and multidirectional automatic monitoring of the landslide multi-shot area, early warning notification is carried out in time when abnormality occurs, and the landslide multi-shot area monitoring method has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation and higher monitoring precision.
The automatic monitoring and early warning system for the landslide body in the mountain area can realize the technical scheme described in the embodiment of the automatic monitoring and early warning method for the landslide body in the mountain area, and the specific implementation principle of each module or unit can be based on the corresponding content in the embodiment of the automatic monitoring and early warning method for the landslide body in the mountain area, which is not repeated here.
The invention provides an automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for landslide mass, which are described in detail, wherein specific examples are applied to illustrate the principle and implementation of the invention, and the description of the above examples is only used for helping to understand the method and core ideas of the invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will vary in the specific embodiments and application scope according to the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in summary.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass in mountain area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining reference points and monitoring points of a monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards;
constructing a reference foundation pier based on the reference point position, and constructing a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point position;
acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the monitoring point location in real time based on the GNSS monitoring foundation pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference foundation pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
and calculating displacement data of the monitoring point positions based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuously monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point positions are abnormal.
2. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass according to claim 1, wherein the determining the monitoring point location of the monitoring area based on the mountain characteristics and the design criteria comprises:
establishing a three-dimensional model of a mountain area target area, and acquiring mountain area reference feature points and monitoring feature points based on mountain area features in the three-dimensional model;
and screening and correcting the reference feature points and the monitoring feature points based on design criteria to obtain the reference points and the monitoring points of the monitoring area.
3. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass according to claim 1, wherein the design criteria include a reference point design criteria and a monitoring point design criteria;
the reference point design criteria include:
the annual average dip and displacement of the reference point are not lower than a first threshold;
no radio transmitting device exists in a first preset radius range of the reference point;
the vibration device does not exist in a second preset radius range of the reference point;
the design criteria of the monitoring points comprise:
no obstacle with the height larger than the first preset size exists in a third preset radius range of the monitoring point position;
and the monitoring point positions are arranged on the characteristic sections in the mountain area target area.
4. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass according to claim 1, wherein the constructing a reference pier based on the reference point location and constructing a GNSS monitoring pier based on the monitoring point location comprises:
drilling holes in the reference point position and the monitoring point position according to a preset construction standard to obtain a reference point position drilling hole and a monitoring point position drilling hole, wherein the directions of the reference point position drilling hole and the monitoring point position drilling hole are perpendicular to the direction of the slope surface, and the reference point position drilling hole and the monitoring point position drilling hole are required to penetrate through a position exceeding the preset distance on the sliding surface of the slope;
placing a reference base pier at the center of a reference point drilling hole, starting along the bottom of the reference drilling hole, filling gravel between the reference base pier and the wall of the reference point drilling hole to a position lower than a preset distance of a reference point drilling hole opening, and adopting concrete to irrigate and seal the reference point drilling hole opening;
and placing the GNSS monitoring foundation pier at the central position of the monitoring point position drilling hole, starting along the bottom of the monitoring drilling hole, filling gravel between the GNSS monitoring foundation pier and the wall of the monitoring point position drilling hole to a position lower than the preset distance of the monitoring point position drilling hole, and adopting concrete to irrigate and seal the monitoring point position drilling hole.
5. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass according to claim 4, wherein the building of the reference pier based on the reference point location and the building of the GNSS monitoring pier based on the monitoring point location further comprise:
and pre-burying a hard pipeline with a preset standard at a preset distance below the vertexes of the reference point drilling outer wall and the monitoring point drilling outer wall.
6. The automatic monitoring and early warning method of landslide mass according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the monitoring points based on the GNSS monitoring base pier in real time, correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference base pier, and obtaining target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data includes:
acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the monitoring point positions in real time according to a preset acquisition frequency based on the GNSS monitoring foundation pier;
preprocessing the collected initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
correcting the processed initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference foundation pier, determining a correction coefficient of the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, and calculating to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the correction coefficient.
7. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass according to claim 6, wherein the preprocessing of the collected initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data comprises:
carrying out missing value processing on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing outlier processing on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing data consistency check on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
performing data quality control on the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
the missing value processing comprises an interpolation method and a deletion method, the abnormal value processing comprises a data range checking method and a statistical method, the data consistency checking comprises a logic relation checking method and a time sequence consistency method, and the data quality control comprises a data verification method and a data examination method.
8. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass according to claim 1, wherein the calculating displacement data of the monitoring point based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data and judging the displacement data, when the displacement data is normal, continuing monitoring, when the displacement data of the monitoring point is abnormal, outputting an early warning signal, comprising:
calculating Euclidean distance of the three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the target in a plane coordinate system based on a signal time sequence to obtain displacement data of the monitoring point position;
judging the displacement data, wherein abnormal conditions of the displacement data include, but are not limited to, that the displacement data exceeds a preset threshold value and that the variation of the displacement data is continuously increased;
and when the displacement data are normal, continuing to monitor, and when the displacement data of the monitoring point position are abnormal, outputting an early warning signal.
9. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for landslide mass according to claim 8, wherein when the displacement data of the monitoring point position is abnormal, outputting an early warning signal comprises:
dividing the abnormal grade of the displacement data based on a preset abnormal rule;
and outputting an early warning signal matched with the abnormal grade.
10. An automatic monitoring and early warning system for landslide mass in mountain area, which is characterized by comprising:
the point position determining module is used for determining reference points and monitoring points of the monitoring area based on mountain area characteristics and design standards;
the foundation pier construction module is used for constructing a reference foundation pier based on the reference point location and constructing a GNSS monitoring foundation pier based on the monitoring point location;
the monitoring module is used for acquiring initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data of the monitoring point positions in real time based on the GNSS monitoring foundation pier, and correcting the initial three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data based on the reference foundation pier to obtain target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data;
and the early warning module is used for calculating the displacement data of the monitoring point positions based on the target three-dimensional coordinate monitoring data, judging the displacement data, continuing monitoring when the displacement data are normal, and outputting an early warning signal when the displacement data of the monitoring point positions are abnormal.
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