CN117607397A - High-level rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test method and system - Google Patents
High-level rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117607397A CN117607397A CN202311832240.3A CN202311832240A CN117607397A CN 117607397 A CN117607397 A CN 117607397A CN 202311832240 A CN202311832240 A CN 202311832240A CN 117607397 A CN117607397 A CN 117607397A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005413 snowmelt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for testing a physical model of a high-level rock collapse freeze thawing cycle, and relates to the technical field of high-level rock collapse experiments. Including the model case, the model case includes box, rock mass, slide rail device and piles up the passageway, and the rock mass sets up in the box inside and is close to the top, and slide rail device sets up in the box top, piles up the passageway and sets up in the box bottom and is close to one side, and the freeze thawing device comprises interior machine and outer machine, and interior machine includes interior heat exchanger and expansion valve, sets up in the model incasement portion, and outer machine includes cross valve, outer heat exchanger and compressor, sets up in the model incasement portion. According to the invention, the physical model test is adopted to conduct crack frost heave damage research, so that simulation observation on rocks in a plateau area is realized, the occurrence of rock collapse disasters can be prevented in advance, the occurrence of potential safety hazards is reduced, the research on the high-level rock collapse movement mechanism is more convenient, the applicability of equipment is increased, the practicability of the equipment is increased, and the convenience of the equipment is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-level rock burst experiments, in particular to a high-level rock burst freeze-thawing cycle physical model test method and system.
Background
The high-level rock burst has the characteristics of high level, high speed, long distance and the like, secondary disasters are easy to induce to form a disaster chain, large-scale casualties and property losses are caused, the high-level zone is a global important movable construction area, the crust is actively expanded, the high-level rock burst disasters are multiple, most of large-scale hydropower engineering, highways and railway engineering are concentrated in the high-level zone, and the high-level rock burst disasters are always important hidden dangers threatening the life safety of people in the high-level zone and the safety of engineering facilities, so that the research on the high-level rock burst movement mechanism in the high-level cold zone becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-level rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test method and a system, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a physical model test method and system for high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle comprises the following steps:
the model box comprises a box body, a rock mass, a sliding rail device and a stacking channel, wherein the rock mass is arranged in the box body and close to the top end, the sliding rail device is arranged at the top end of the box body, and the stacking channel is arranged at one side close to the bottom end of the box body;
the freezing and thawing device consists of an inner machine and an outer machine, wherein the inner machine comprises an inner heat exchanger and an expansion valve, and is arranged inside a model box, and the outer machine comprises a four-way valve, an outer heat exchanger and a compressor, and is arranged outside the model box;
the water circulation device consists of a spray head, a water tank and a water suction pump, is arranged at the top end of the rock mass and is used for adjusting the water quantity in the rock mass;
and the lifting device is positioned below the model box and used for driving the monitoring box to incline so as to adjust the angle of the simulated rock mass.
Preferably, the slide rail device comprises a track, a plurality of sliders, a plurality of bearing tables and a plurality of limiting rods, the sliders are slidably connected to the surfaces of the slides, each bearing table is fixedly connected to the corresponding surface of the corresponding slider, the spray heads are arranged on the surfaces of the bearing tables, the stacking channel comprises a channel, a rotating shaft, a rotating disc and soft rubber materials, one end of the channel is rotationally connected with the box body, the rotating shaft is arranged at the rotating joint of the channel and the box body, the rotating disc is divided into a rotating disc upper disc and a rotating disc lower disc, the rotating disc upper disc and the rotating disc lower disc are arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft, the rotating disc upper disc and the rotating disc lower disc are overlapped, the track penetrates through the box body and is arranged at the top end inside the box body, and the bearing tables are platforms formed by a plurality of supporting rods.
Preferably, the outward opening small doors are respectively arranged on two sides of the model box and are divided into: the freezing thawing device comprises a left small door and a right small door, wherein two round holes are formed in the surfaces of the left small door and the right small door, a sealing ring is arranged in each round hole, a sliding rail penetrates through the round holes and is arranged inside a model box, a side door notch is formed in the opening and closing position of the model box and the right small door, the sealing ring is arranged at the side door notch, and an inner machine pipeline and an outer machine pipeline in the freezing thawing device penetrate through the side door notch.
Preferably, a plurality of limit rods are arranged on the outer surface of the box body, the limit rods are located under the two sliding rails on two sides of the model box, and the limit rods are used for fixing the sliding rails.
Preferably, the baffle plate and the clamping groove are arranged in the model box, the door and the door frame are opened and closed, and the clamping groove is electrically connected with the door frame.
Preferably, the inner machine is arranged on the sliding rail of the model box, the outer machine is arranged outside the model box, and the pipelines of the inner machine and the outer machine pass through the notch at the opening and closing position of the side door of the model box.
Preferably, the lifting device includes: the steel plate, the box sets up in the steel plate top, and the steel plate top rotates and is connected with the jack, and the jack top rotates and is connected with the support, and support top fixedly connected with is in the box bottom, and the steel plate bottom is close to fixedly connected with support base all around, and the steel plate bottom is close to support base fixedly connected with pulley.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out field geological investigation: measuring the lithology of the bedding rock and the rock formation attitude through field geological investigation; step two, preparing rock mass similar materials which are the same as field investigation; setting the inclination angle of the rock mass similar material, wherein the inclination angle is the same as that of the field investigation rock mass; step four, constructing high-order rock burst; simulating a rainfall process; step six, simulating a freezing process; step seven, simulating an ice melting process; step eight, simulating freeze thawing circulation; step nine, a high-order rock collapse damage process; and step ten, monitoring the whole process of rock burst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the physical model test method and system for the high-level rock collapse freeze thawing cycle, crack frost heave damage research is carried out by adopting the physical model test, so that simulation observation is carried out on rocks in a plateau area, rock collapse disasters can be prevented in advance, potential safety hazards are reduced, a high-level rock collapse movement mechanism is researched more conveniently, the applicability of equipment is improved, the practicability of the equipment is improved, and the convenience of the equipment is improved.
Meanwhile, the landslide model can adjust the angle of the sliding direction and the stacking direction through rotation, so that detection and recording are facilitated, the influence of different sliding directions on the high-level rock burst movement process is explored, the practicability of equipment is improved, the applicability of the equipment is improved, and the convenience of the equipment is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a freeze thawing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a slide rail device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a load bearing table structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a slide rail apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the mold box of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a detail structure of a rotary disk according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a rotating disk with different angles according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a fracture structure of a rock mass according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a side structure of a mold box of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the other side of the mold box of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a lifting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a test flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a lifting device; 11. a bracket; 12. a jack; 13. a steel plate; 14. a pulley; 15. a support base; 2. a model box; 21. a case; 211. a water outlet; 212. a rock mass; 212a, a crevice; 212b, locking the segments; 213. a left small door; 214. a right side small door; 215. a side door notch; 216. a baffle; 217. a clamping groove; 218. an opening/closing door; 219. a door frame; 22. a slide rail device; 221. a track; 222. a slide block; 223. a bearing table; 224. a limit rod; 23. a stacking channel; 231. a rotating shaft; 232. a rotating disc; 232a, rotating the disc upper disc; 232b, rotating the disc lower plate; 233. a soft rubber material; 234. a channel; 3. a water circulation device; 31. a spray head; 32. a water pump; 33. a water tank; 4. a freeze thawing device; 41. an internal machine; 411. an inner heat exchanger; 412. an expansion valve; 42. an external machine; 421. a compressor; 422. an outer heat exchanger; 423. a four-way valve; 5. a monitoring device; 51. a high-speed camera; 52. a three-position laser scanner; 53. and the thermal infrared imager.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The method and the system for testing the physical model of the high-order rock collapse and freeze thawing cycle are specially used for simulating the high-order rock collapse and freeze thawing cycle detection operation.
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides a technical solution: a physical model test method and system for high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle comprises the following steps:
model box 2, model box 2 includes box 21, rock mass 212, slide rail device 22 and pile up passageway 23, rock mass 212 sets up in the inside top that is close to of box 21, slide rail device 22 sets up in the top of box 21, pile up passageway 23 sets up in the bottom of box 21 and is close to one side, freeze thawing device 4 comprises interior machine 41 and outer machine 42, interior machine 41 includes interior heat exchanger 411 and expansion valve 412, set up in model box 2 inside, outer machine 42 includes cross valve 423, outer heat exchanger 422 and compressor 421, set up in model box 2 outside, water circulating device 3 comprises shower nozzle 31, water tank 33, suction pump 32, set up in rock mass 212 top, for adjusting the water content in the rock mass 212, a lifting device 1, the lifting device 1 being located below the mould box 2, the sliding rail device 22 comprises a rail 221, a plurality of sliding blocks 222, a plurality of bearing tables 223 and a plurality of limiting rods 224, the sliding blocks 222 are slidably connected to the surfaces of the sliding rails, the surfaces of each bearing table 223 are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the corresponding sliding blocks 222, the spray heads 31 are arranged on the surfaces of the bearing tables 223, the stacking channel 23 comprises a channel 234, a rotating shaft 231, rotating discs 232 and soft rubber materials 233, one end of the channel 234 is rotatably connected with the box 21, the rotating shaft 231 is arranged at the rotating connection position of the channel 234 and the box 21, the rotating discs 232 are divided into an upper rotating disc 232a and a lower rotating disc 232b, the upper rotating disc 232a and the lower rotating disc 232b are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft 231, the upper rotating disc 232a and the lower rotating disc 232b are overlapped, the rail 221 penetrates through the box 21 and is arranged at the top end inside the box 21, the bearing tables 223 are platforms formed by a plurality of support rods, and the two sides of the box 2 are respectively provided with outwards opened small doors which are divided into: the left side little door 213 and the right side little door 214, two round holes have all been seted up on left side little door 213 and right side little door 214 surface, every round hole internally mounted has the sealing washer, the slide rail passes the round hole setting in model case 2 inside, model case 2 and right side little door 214 department of opening and shutting is provided with side door breach 215, the sealing washer is installed to side door breach 215 department, the interior machine 41 and the outer machine 42 pipeline in the freeze thawing device 4 pass from side door breach 215, a plurality of gag lever posts 224 set up in box 21 surface, gag lever post 224 is located under two slide rails of model case 2 both sides, gag lever post 224 is used for fixed slide rail, model case 2 internally mounted has baffle 216, draw-in groove 217, open and shut door 218 and door frame 219, electric connection between draw-in groove 217 and the door frame 219, model case 2 slide rail is arranged in to interior machine 41, model case 2 outside is arranged in to outer machine 42, interior machine 41 and outer machine 42's pipeline passes through the breach of model case 2 side door department of opening and shutting, elevating gear 1 includes: the steel plate 13, the box 21 sets up in steel plate 13 top, and steel plate 13 top rotates to be connected with jack 12, and jack 12 top rotates to be connected with support 11, and support 11 top fixedly connected with is in box 21 bottom, and steel plate 13 bottom is close to fixedly connected with support base 15 all around, and steel plate 13 bottom is close to support base 15 fixedly connected with pulley 14.
The monitoring device 5 comprises a high-speed camera 51, a three-position laser scanner 52, an infrared thermal imager 53 and a control system, wherein the three-dimensional laser scanner and the infrared thermal imager 53 are arranged in the model box 2, the high-speed camera 51 is arranged outside the stacking channel 23 and is used for monitoring the condition of a rock mass 212 in the model box 2, the control system is arranged outside the model box 2 and is electrically connected with the three-position laser scanner 52, a door frame 219 and a clamping groove 217, the jack 12 can stretch and retract to change the angle of the bracket 11, the box 21 is fixed above the bracket 11, the gradient is adjusted through the bracket 11, the bracket 15 can stretch and retract to change the sliding direction, the bracket 11 is driven to move through the pulley 14 when the bracket 11 rotates around the stacking channel 23, the bracket 15 is lifted to enable the pulley 14 to freely move when the bracket 11 moves to a designated position, the bracket 11 is lowered to enable the pulley 14 to be unable to move to fix the bracket 11, the method comprises the steps of prefabricating cracks 212a with different lengths on a rock body 212, wherein the lengths of the cracks 212a are smaller than the thickness of the rock body 212, the directions of the cracks 212a are consistent with the trend, preparing a longer non-penetrating crack 212a at the bottom of the rock body 212, adhering the bottom of the non-penetrating part to the bottom of a box by cement to prevent water flow from penetrating into the crack 212a of the rock body 212 to form a locking section 212b, enabling the water flow to penetrate into the crack 212a during rainfall, enabling water to generate frost heaving under the action to expand the crack 212a until the crack 212a is unstable, simulating the condition that the crack 212a rock is influenced by the frost heaving circulation, arranging a baffle 216 and a clamping groove 217 under a sliding rail device 22 in the middle of the box 21, when the box 21 is inclined, enabling the baffle 216 to enable the rock body 212 to be fixed and not to slide, enabling an opening door 218 and a door 219 to be arranged under a water outlet 211 in the middle of the box 21 to be provided with the opening door 218 and the door 219 to be controlled by a control system to enable the door 219 to move upwards after the rock body 212 is broken, the control system sends an instruction to the clamping groove 217 after the opening and closing door 218 is opened, the baffle 216 is driven to descend to enable the rock mass 212 to freely slide to the stacking channel 23, the width of the bearing table 223 is consistent with that of the box body 21, when the bearing table 223 enters the box body 21 and then is fixed by the volume limiting slide block 222, the stacking channel 23 comprises a rotating shaft 231, a rotating disc 232 and soft rubber materials, the upper layer a of the rotating disc 232 is semicircular, the straight edge is connected with the bottom of the box body 21, the angle of the connecting position is adjustable, the lower layer b of the rotating disc 232 is circular and fixedly connected with the channel 234, the rotating shaft 231 is arranged at the center of the rotating disc 232, the box body 21 can rotate around the stacking channel 23, the lower disc 232b of the rotating disc is fixed when the angle is adjusted, the upper disc 232a of the rotating disc rotates through the rotating shaft 231, the side surfaces of the box body 21 and the stacking channel 23 are connected through the soft rubber materials 233, and the connecting position of the box body 21 and the side surfaces of the stacking channel 23 can be freely stretched and contracted along with the rotation of the box body 21, the water inlet end of the water suction pump 32 is connected with the water tank 33 through a water pipe I, the water outlet end of the water suction pump 32 is connected with the spray head 31 through a water pipe II, the joint of the spray head 31 and the water pipe II can be disassembled, the water tank 33 is connected with the water outlet 211 through a water pipe III, the water circulating device 3 can adjust the water content in the crack 212a of the rock mass 212, the sliding block 222 is moved to enable the spray head 31 to be arranged above the rock mass 212, the water pipe is connected with the spray head 31 through a side door notch 215 of the model box 2, the sliding block 222 is connected with a limiting rod 224 for fixation after stagnation, the water suction pump 32 conveys water in the water tank 33 into the spray head 31, the water is sprayed on the rock mass 212 through the spray head 31, the process of penetrating ice and snow melt water into the rock crack 212a is simulated, so that water full in the crack 212a of the rock mass 212 flows into the water tank 33 through the water outlet 211, a water circulating system is formed after the simulated rainfall effect is finished, the side door of the box body 21 is opened, the water pipe II and the limiting rod 224 are disassembled, the sliding block 222 is moved, the change of the scale of the water tank 33, namely the water quantity solidified by the rock body 212 is recorded, the external heat exchanger 422, the four-way valve 423 and the freezing and thawing device 4 can be heated and refrigerated, the freezing and thawing action is simulated, the internal machine 41 is arranged on the bearing table 223 during the simulated freezing and thawing action, the external machine 42 is arranged on the ground surface outside the box body 21, the pipeline penetrates through the box body 21 through the side door notch 215 to connect the internal machine 41 with the external machine 42, the sliding block 222 is moved to enable the internal machine 41 of the freezing and thawing device 4 to be arranged inside the box body 21, the limiting rod 224 is connected, the side door of the box body 21 and the opening and closing door 218 are closed, the box body 21 is kept in a sealing state, the refrigerating mode is started, the internal machine 41 conveys cold air to the box body 21 is kept at the temperature of zero-twenty ℃ to enable the moisture in the rock body 212 to be fully frozen, and the freezing process is simulated, after the refrigeration is finished, the internal machine 41 conveys hot air to the box body 21 to enable ice in the rock body 212 to be fully melted, simulate the deicing process, open the opening and closing door 218 in the heating process, naturally generate the rock disintegration process in the deicing process, disintegrate the rock body 212 again after repeated freeze-thawing cycle action, disintegrate fragments fall off the rock body 212, rush out of the box body 21 and finally accumulate in the accumulation channel 23, thereby simulate the process that the rock of the crack 212a disintegrates under the freeze-thawing cycle action, the box body 21 is in a non-closed state in the heating process, the output temperature of the internal machine 41 and the surrounding of the rock body 212 have a temperature difference, the surrounding temperature of the rock body 212 is kept at ten-twenty ℃ by monitoring the surrounding temperature of the rock body 212, the high-speed camera 51 is positioned in front of the accumulation channel 23, the high-speed camera 51 can shoot and record the rock body 212 disintegration and accumulation process, the three-dimensional laser scanner and the thermal infrared imager 53 are arranged above the rock mass 212 in the box body 21, the three-dimensional laser scanner is used for recording a disintegration and accumulation process of the rock mass 212 and a crack 212a expansion process, the thermal infrared imager 53 is used for recording thermal distribution images in the rock mass 212, the influence and damage characteristics of freeze thawing cycle action on high-level rock disintegration deformation are analyzed according to monitoring data, when the thermal infrared imager is used, the box body 21 is adjusted to a corresponding angle, the water suction pump 32 is opened to enable water flow to enter the rock mass 212, when the scale outside the water tank 33 is unchanged, the water suction pump 32 is closed to enable the rock mass 212 to keep a saturated state, the water volume solidified by the rock mass 212 is recorded, the sliding block 222 is moved, a refrigeration mode is started to cool the box body 21 for twelve hours, the three-dimensional laser scanner is normally started when refrigeration is performed, the crack 212a expansion process of the rock mass 212a is recorded, the thermal camera 51 is started after twelve hours of refrigeration, a tester can observe the crack 212a expansion process and the crack monitoring process of the rock mass 212a during the working period, and the monitoring device 5 can repeatedly perform the freeze thawing cycle operation according to the crack expansion process of the three-dimensional laser scanner 52.
As shown in fig. 13, the method comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out field geological investigation: measuring lithology and formation attitude of the bedding rock 212 through field geological investigation; step two, preparing a rock mass 212 similar material which is the same as that of field investigation; step three, setting the inclination angle of the similar material of the rock mass 212, wherein the inclination angle is the same as the inclination angle of the rock mass 212 for field investigation; step four, constructing high-order rock burst; simulating a rainfall process; step six, simulating a freezing process; step seven, simulating an ice melting process; step eight, simulating freeze thawing circulation; step nine, a high-order rock collapse damage process; and step ten, monitoring the whole process of rock burst.
The specific flow of the step is that firstly, open-air geological investigation is carried out: measuring lithology and formation attitude of the bedding rock 212 through field geological investigation;
step two, preparing a rock mass 212 similar material which is the same as that of field investigation: selecting barite, quartz sand, gypsum, sodium silicate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water and glycerol as raw materials of similar materials of the rock mass 212, determining a similarity ratio of a model test, determining the size of the rock mass 212, preparing the rock mass 212 with a locking section 212b at one end and a compliant crack 212a, and soaking in water at zero ℃ for later use after prefabrication;
step three, setting the inclination angle of the similar material of the rock mass 212, wherein the inclination angle is the same as that of the rock mass 212 for field investigation: the jack 12 lifts the box body 21 to a corresponding angle, pushes the bracket 11 to enable the box body 21 to rotate around the rotating disc 232, and puts down the position for supporting and fixing the box body 21 after moving to a designated position;
step four, constructing high-order rock burst: because the rock mass 212 is a high-level rock mass 212 and has the characteristics of steep slope and large drop, a baffle is required to be arranged in the box body 21 to prevent free fall, so that a baffle 216 is arranged above the bottom of the box body 21, and the rock mass 212 is placed above the baffle 216 to fix the rock mass 212, so that high-level rock burst is formed;
step five, simulating a rainfall process: in order to simulate the high-level rock collapse phenomenon influenced by rain erosion in the extreme environment of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the rainfall factors are considered in the test scheme, and the specific scheme is as follows: opening small doors on two sides of the box body 21, moving two sliding blocks 222, firstly moving the inner machine 41 of the freeze thawing device 4 out of the box body 21, then moving a rainfall device into the box body 21, installing a water pipe on the spray head 31, closing a side door and an opening and closing door 218 of the box body 21, opening a water suction pump 32, enabling water flow to flow from a water tank 33 to the spray head 31, spraying water from the upper side of the box body 21 to rocks, enabling a part of water flow to permeate into the inside of the rock body 212 through a plurality of cracks 212a of the bedding prefabricated rock body 212, enabling a part of water flow to enter into cracks 212a of a locking section 212b at the bottom of the rock body 212, simulating the conditions that rainfall or ice and snow melt water permeates into the cracks 212a and flows along the bedding surface, enabling unconsolidated water flow to flow into the water tank 33 outside the box body 21 along a water drain hole at the bottom of the box body 21, forming water circulation, recording the water quantity lost in the water tank 33, and accordingly obtaining frozen water quantity and evaluating frost heaving force;
step six, simulating a freezing process: opening small doors on two sides of the box body 21, detaching a water pipe from the spray head 31, moving two sliding blocks 222, firstly moving a rainfall device out of the box body 21, then moving an inner machine 41 of the freezing and thawing device 4 into the box body 21, closing a side door and an opening and closing door 218 of the box body 21, starting a refrigerating device, conveying cold air into the box body 21 by the inner machine 41, starting to decrease the temperature in the box body 21, keeping the model temperature between minus five ℃ and minus twenty-five ℃ to fully freeze moisture in the rock body 212, enabling water in cracks 212a of the rock body 212 to be frozen into ice to expand in volume, expanding the cracks 212a of the rock body 212 to depth along the prefabricated rock body 212, and expanding the cracks 212a of a locking section 212b at the bottom of the rock body 212;
step seven, simulating an ice melting process: starting the heating device, wherein the internal machine 41 conveys hot air into the box body 21, the temperature in the box body 21 starts to rise, the indoor temperature is kept at ten-twenty ℃, ice in the model is fully melted, the volume of water melted by the ice in the cracks 212a of the rock body 212 is reduced, the water continuously permeates into the rock body 212 along the enlarged cracks 212a, and the cracks 212a are gradually enlarged;
step eight, simulating freeze thawing cycle action: repeating the steps five, six and seven, wherein water solidified by rock is formed into ice to increase in volume during the freezing process, the cracks 212a are expanded, the volume is reduced when ice is melted into water, the cracks 212a on the surface layer of the rock mass 212 are expanded to a threshold value after a plurality of times of circulation, the cracks 212a on the upper end of the locking section 212b are expanded, the locking section 212b is damaged, the unstable rock mass 212 falls down along the inclined box body 21 at a high speed after the baffle 216 descends, the rock mass impacts the bottom of the box body 21 to be crushed and continuously slides, fragments are finally piled up in a piling area of the channel 234, so that piled up bodies are formed, and the influence and the damage characteristics of freeze-thaw circulation on high-order rock burst deformation are analyzed according to monitoring data.
Step nine, a high-order rock collapse damage process: under the coupling action of freeze thawing cycle and rainfall, when the crack 212a is expanded to reach a threshold value, the rock fracture is judged, the control system sends a command, the automatic plate is started, the wood plate descends, the rock body 212 loses a barrier and falls down, the rock body 212 collides with the box body 21 in the descending process, the rock body 212 disintegrates, and the generated fragments fall down along the bottom of the model box 2 and finally are piled up in a piling channel 23 of the model box 2;
step ten, monitoring the whole rock collapse process: the three-dimensional laser scanner and the thermal infrared imager 53 are arranged in the box body 21 to align the rock mass 212, the three-dimensional laser scanner monitors the expansion process of the cracks 212a of the rock mass 212 in the process of simulating the freeze thawing cycle, three-dimensional coordinate values of the cracks 212a of the rock mass 212 are obtained, further, a three-dimensional digital model of the cracks 212a of the rock mass 212 is built, the thermal infrared imager 53 measures infrared radiation of the rock mass 212 to obtain an infrared imaging image of the interior of the rock mass, the temperature distribution condition of the interior of the rock mass 212 can be visually seen, the high-speed camera 51 is arranged outside the stacking channel 23, the height is adjusted, the shooting range of the high-speed camera 51 comprises the whole model box 2, the high-speed camera 51 is started in the ice thawing process, and the rock disintegration process and the movement stacking process can be recorded by the high-speed camera 51 when rock disintegration occurs.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended embodiments and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A high-order rock burst freeze thawing cycle physical model test system is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the model box (2), the model box (2) comprises a box body (21), a rock body (212), a sliding rail device (22) and a stacking channel (23), wherein the rock body (212) is arranged in the box body (21) and is close to the top end, the sliding rail device (22) is arranged at the top end of the box body (21), and the stacking channel (23) is arranged at the bottom end of the box body (21) and is close to one side;
the freezing and thawing device (4), the freezing and thawing device (4) consists of an inner machine (41) and an outer machine (42), the inner machine (41) comprises an inner heat exchanger (411) and an expansion valve (412), the inner machine is arranged inside the model box (2), the outer machine (42) comprises a four-way valve (423), an outer heat exchanger (422) and a compressor (421), and the outer machine is arranged outside the model box (2);
the water circulation device (3), the water circulation device (3) is composed of a spray head (31), a water tank (33) and a water pump (32), is arranged at the top end of the rock mass (212) and is used for adjusting the water quantity in the rock mass (212);
the lifting device (1) is positioned below the model box (2) and used for driving the monitoring box body (21) to incline so as to adjust the angle of the simulated rock mass (212).
2. The high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test system according to claim 1, wherein: slide rail device (22) are including track (221), a plurality of slider (222), a plurality of bearing platform (223) and a plurality of gag lever post (224), slider (222) sliding connection is in the slide surface, every bearing platform (223) fixed surface is connected in slider (222) surface that corresponds, shower nozzle (31) set up in bearing platform (223) surface, pile up passageway (23) including passageway (234), pivot (231), rotary disk (232) and soft rubber material (233), rotate between passageway (234) one end and box (21) and be connected, pivot (231) set up in passageway (234) and box (21) rotation junction, rotary disk (232) divide into rotary disk upper disc (232 a) and rotary disk lower disc (232 b), rotary disk upper disc (232 a) and rotary disk lower disc (232 b) all set up in pivot (231) both ends, overlap between rotary disk upper disc (232 a) and the rotary disk lower disc (232 b), track (221) run through box (21) and install in box (21) inside top, bearing platform (223) are many spinal branch vaulting poles are constituteed.
3. The high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test system according to claim 2, wherein: the small doors which are opened outwards are respectively arranged on two sides of the model box (2), and are divided into: left side dodge gate (213) and right side dodge gate (214), two round holes have all been seted up on left side dodge gate (213) and right side dodge gate (214) surface, and every round hole internally mounted has the sealing washer, and the slide rail passes the round hole setting in model case (2) inside, model case (2) and right side dodge gate (214) department of opening and shutting are provided with side door breach (215), and sealing washer is installed in side door breach (215) department, interior machine (41) and outer machine (42) pipeline in freeze thawing device (4) pass from side door breach (215).
4. The high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test system according to claim 2, wherein: the limiting rods (224) are arranged on the outer surface of the box body (21), the limiting rods (224) are located under the two sliding rails on the two sides of the model box (2), and the limiting rods (224) are used for fixing the sliding rails.
5. The high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test system according to claim 2, wherein: the mold box (2) is internally provided with a baffle plate (216), a clamping groove (217), an opening and closing door (218) and a door frame (219), and the clamping groove (217) is electrically connected with the door frame (219).
6. The high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test system according to claim 1, wherein: the inner machine (41) is arranged on the sliding rail of the model box (2), the outer machine (42) is arranged outside the model box (2), and a pipeline of the inner machine (41) and the outer machine (42) passes through a notch at the opening and closing position of the side door of the model box (2).
7. The high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test system according to claim 1, wherein: the lifting device (1) comprises: the steel plate (13), box (21) set up in steel plate (13) top, and steel plate (13) top rotates and is connected with jack (12), and jack (12) top rotates and is connected with support (11), and support (11) top fixedly connected with in box (21) bottom, steel plate (13) bottom are close to fixedly connected with support base (15) all around, and steel plate (13) bottom is close to support base (15) fixedly connected with pulley (14).
8. The high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test method using the high-order rock collapse freeze thawing cycle physical model test system according to any one of claims 1-7, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out field geological investigation: measuring the lithology and formation morphology of the bedding rock (212) through field geological investigation; step two, preparing a rock mass (212) similar material which is the same as that of field investigation; setting the inclination angle of the similar material of the rock mass (212), wherein the inclination angle is the same as that of the rock mass (212) for field investigation; step four, constructing high-order rock burst; simulating a rainfall process; step six, simulating a freezing process; step seven, simulating an ice melting process; step eight, simulating freeze thawing circulation; step nine, a high-order rock collapse damage process; and step ten, monitoring the whole process of rock burst.
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