CN117604434A - Solid lubricating coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid lubricating coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117604434A CN117604434A CN202311443894.7A CN202311443894A CN117604434A CN 117604434 A CN117604434 A CN 117604434A CN 202311443894 A CN202311443894 A CN 202311443894A CN 117604434 A CN117604434 A CN 117604434A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 316
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 311
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 138
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 64
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027339 Menstruation irregular Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a solid lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of coatings. The solid lubricating coating comprises a lubricating phase and a wear-resistant phase, wherein the content of the lubricating phase and the porosity of the solid lubricating coating are gradually increased from the bottom layer to the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating, and the content of the wear-resistant phase is gradually decreased. The coating has good antifriction property, wear-resisting property and self-adapting property, can be automatically adjusted according to different loads, reduces the friction factor of the friction pair, and prolongs the service life of the friction pair.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and particularly relates to a solid lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Friction pairs generally refer to a system of two objects that are in direct contact and produce relative frictional motion. It can be a kinematic pair, and can be two simple macroscopic fixed mating surfaces (such as fretting). In a friction pair system, contact surfaces and compressive stresses exist on two objects, and macroscopic or microscopic relative movement occurs simultaneously. Classical friction appearance is only related to pressure and friction factor. If the friction resistance of the friction pair is to be reduced, two ways of reducing the compressive stress or the friction factor are needed. The reduction of the compressive stress of both friction pairs requires optimization from the design and assembly point of view, and the reduction of the friction factor requires antifriction treatment of the surface, which is reduced by modifying the surface state. The preparation of solid lubricating coatings is a relatively efficient method of reducing friction factors. Generally, the friction pair not only can change the surface friction characteristics of one or both friction pairs, but also can keep the macroscopic mechanical properties such as strength, rigidity and the like of the original parts unchanged.
Generally, a layer of solid lubricating paste or lubricating paint is coated on one surface of a friction pair to form a layer of solid lubricating coating, and the solid lubricating coating can obviously reduce friction factors. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS) 2 ) Graphite and the like are common self-lubricating additives which serve as the lubricating phase as the core functional component in the solid lubricating coating. In addition, the solid lubricating coating layer may contain soft metals, alkaline earth element fluorides, inorganic oxysalts, and MAX. The metal parts containing the solid lubricating coating have the strength of metal and the lubricating function of solid lubricant, and can work under high speed and heavy load and various active media. However, the solid lubricating coating has a short service life, and can be normally used in a short period, but paste or paint on the surface of the solid lubricating coating is easily removed by friction during long-term use, so that the antifriction effect is lost, further the friction resistance is improved, the abrasion loss of parts is increased, and the service life of products is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made based on the findings and knowledge of the inventors regarding the following facts and problems: in general, the mechanical properties of the two friction pair contact surfaces are uniform and consistent, and the extrusion force and micro-deformation of the two friction pair contact surfaces are often not adjustable. Even if the mechanical properties of one or both of the friction pairs have anisotropy, the properties thereof in a certain direction are generally uniform. The same part can be matched with parts with different other surface states or can present different degrees of friction resistance and abrasion loss when relatively moving under different working conditions (such as different extrusion forces caused by changing loads). Orthopedic implants, such as in human bones, often exhibit different wear conditions due to individual differences. Namely, the running state and the abrasion loss of the parts in the friction pair can be different according to the conditions of the matched parts or working conditions and the like.
Therefore, in order to enable the friction pair to be used normally under low resistance conditions for a long period of time, it is necessary that both or one of the mating surfaces of the friction pair have a low friction factor, i.e., antifriction property; at the same time the surface is required to possess high wear resistance, i.e. wear resistance. In addition, in order to meet the operation requirements under different working conditions, one or both of the friction pairs are required to be endowed with working condition self-adaptability, and certain self-adjusting capability is provided for various different working conditions.
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a solid lubricating coating which has good antifriction property, wear resistance property and self-adapting property.
The solid lubricating coating provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a lubricating phase and a wear-resistant phase, wherein the content of the lubricating phase and the porosity of the solid lubricating coating are gradually increased from the bottom layer to the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating, and the content of the wear-resistant phase is gradually decreased.
The solid lubricating coating provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
(1) The solid lubricating coating provided by the embodiment of the invention is added with the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase, and the dispersed lubricating phase is dispersed in the grid-type wear-resistant phase, so that the solid lubricating coating has good antifriction performance and wear-resistant performance, and can ensure the long service life of the friction pair and the low-resistance lubricating operation of the friction pair.
(2) The content of the lubricating phase and the porosity of the coating gradually rise from the bottom layer to the surface layer due to the concentration gradient of the lubricating phase and the gradient change of the porosity of the coating, which are distributed in a dispersing way through the whole coating. When the friction pair is assembled and starts to move, the outermost surface layer area of the coating has the lowest hardness due to the highest lubricating phase content and the highest coating porosity. Along with the starting of the friction pair, different extrusion forces can lead to micro-deformation of the friction pair interface, and the deformation degree is different along with the extrusion forces. When the extrusion force is large, the porosity of the surface layer is relatively high, and meanwhile, the hardness of the lubricating phase is particularly low, so that the hardness of the outer side of the whole coating is low, and after the matched movement, the outer layer area of the coating can generate relatively large micro deformation. When the extrusion force is small, the outer layer area of the coating layer is slightly deformed relatively little. This has a self-adjusting effect on the various friction pairs, known as the self-adaptive characteristic. The self-adaptive characteristic has the advantage of avoiding the fixed friction-reducing and wear-resisting characteristics of the conventional friction pair.
In some embodiments, the lubricating phase is present in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating in an amount of 0-5wt% and the porosity is 0-50%; the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 10-50wt% and the porosity is 0-50%.
In some embodiments, the lubricating phase is present in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating in an amount of 0-3wt% and the porosity is 0-2%; the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 10-20wt% and the porosity is 8-15%.
In some embodiments, the wear phase is present in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating in an amount of 95-100wt%; the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 50-90wt%.
In some embodiments, the wear phase is present in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating in an amount of 97-100wt%; the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 80-90wt%.
In some embodiments, the solid lubricating coating is at least 3 layers.
In some embodiments, the solid lubricating coating is 3-6 layers.
In some embodiments, the lubricating phase is MoS 2 And/or h-BN, wherein the wear-resistant phase is at least one of FeAl, niAl and MCrAlY, and M is at least one of nickel, cobalt and iron.
In some embodiments, the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The wear-resistant phase is FeAl and/or NiAl; or the lubricating phase is h-BN, and the wear-resistant phase is NiAl and/or MCrAlY, wherein M is at least one of nickel, cobalt and iron.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the solid lubricating coating, which comprises the following steps: and preparing the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase into a series of composite materials with a content ratio, and thermally spraying the series of composite materials with the content ratio on a base material to form the solid lubricating coating.
The preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
the preparation method of the embodiment of the invention prepares the solid lubricating coating of the embodiment of the invention by preparing a series of composite materials with content proportion and then sequentially carrying out thermal spraying, and the coating has good antifriction property, wear resistance and self-adaption property and is suitable for different working conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the coating of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the structure in a chamber of the pulverized coal feeder;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a feed pinch plate;
FIG. 4 is an electron microscope image of the bottom region of the coating of example 1;
FIG. 5 is an electron microscope image of the middle region of the coating of example 1;
fig. 6 is an electron microscope image of the upper region of the coating of example 1.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a solid lubricating coating, which comprises a lubricating phase and a wear-resistant phase, wherein the content of the lubricating phase and the porosity of the solid lubricating coating are gradually increased from the bottom layer to the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating, and the content of the wear-resistant phase is gradually decreased.
The performance optimization and life improvement of the traditional friction pair only emphasize that the antifriction performance is improved by adding the lubricating phase alone, or that the wear resistance is improved by adding the wear-resistant phase with high strength and high hardness alone. The friction pair has short service life because the lubricating phase is lost too fast during operation by independently improving the antifriction performance. The wear resistance is improved independently, so that the friction pair increases the driving force required by equipment in starting and running due to overlarge friction resistance, and the energy utilization efficiency is reduced. More serious, the increase of friction resistance directly leads to the excessive local heating value of the equipment, higher local temperature rise of the equipment, increased abrasion and corrosion degree, reduced service life of the product and sometimes even possible shutdown or rejection risk of the equipment. The solid lubricating coating provided by the embodiment of the invention is added with the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase, and the dispersed lubricating phase is dispersed in the grid-type wear-resistant phase, so that the solid lubricating coating has good antifriction performance and wear-resistant performance, and can ensure the long service life of the friction pair and the low-resistance lubricating operation of the friction pair.
In addition, the traditional friction pair can only adapt to one working condition, and when the extrusion force changes, the self-adaptation capability for the variable load condition is not provided. The solid lubrication coating provided by the embodiment of the invention has self-adaptive characteristics: compared with a solid lubricating coating with constant lubricating phase and wear-resistant phase content and coating porosity, the solid lubricating coating provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the content and porosity gradient of the lubricating phase are gradually increased from the bottom layer to the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating, so that the antifriction property of the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is better under larger extrusion force or smaller extrusion force. Meanwhile, the content gradient of the wear-resistant phase is gradually decreased from the bottom layer to the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating, so that the solid lubricating coating can increase the hardness of the surface through larger micro deformation under larger extrusion force, so that the wear-resistant property of the solid lubricating coating is kept good without obvious reduction; the solid lubricating coating provided by the embodiment of the invention can maintain proper surface hardness through smaller micro deformation under smaller extrusion force.
The bottom layer refers to a position on the solid lubricating coating adjacent to the coating/substrate interface, and the surface layer refers to a position farthest from the coating/substrate interface. It should be appreciated that the wear characteristics of the solid lubricating coating tend to be disregarded at lower extrusion forces, and that the natural wear is less due to the lower pressure, and the friction reducing characteristics of the solid lubricating coating are more important, so that the wear characteristics of the solid lubricating coating of the embodiments of the present invention are relatively low, and still meet the requirements of such conditions, when compared to solid lubricating coatings having non-gradient changes in the lubricating and wear phases.
The solid lubrication coating can be automatically adjusted according to different loads under the two working conditions, so that the friction factor of the friction pair can be reduced, and the service life of the friction pair can be prolonged. The self-adaption reduces the guarantee logistics working pressure and plays a better role in guaranteeing the integral maintenance of large-scale equipment.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the content of the lubricating phase in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating is 0-5wt%, such as 0wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt%, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 3.5wt%, 4wt%, 4.5wt%, 5wt%, etc.; the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 10 to 50wt%, for example, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt%, 40wt%, 45wt%, 50wt%, or the like. When the content of the lubricating phase in the bottom layer and the surface layer is within the above range, the solid lubricating coating is excellent in both antifriction property and wear-resistant property. If the content of the lubricating phase in the bottom layer is too high, the content of the wear-resistant phase in the bottom layer is too low, which is unfavorable for improving the wear-resistant property of the solid lubricating coating. If the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer is too low, the antifriction property of the solid lubricating coating is not improved; if the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer is too high, the content of the wear-resistant phase in the surface layer is too low, which is disadvantageous in improving the wear-resistant property of the solid lubricating coating. More preferably, in some embodiments, the lubricating phase is present in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating in an amount of 0 to 3wt%; the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 10-20wt%.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the porosity in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating is 0-50%, e.g., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, etc.; the solid lubricating coating has a surface layer with a porosity of 0 to 50%, for example, 0%, 5%, 10%, 10.5%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, etc. The purpose of the gradient of porosity in the coating is to increase the spalling resistance of the coating and to increase the total volume of voids containing the lubricating phase. If the porosity is set to a large value throughout the coating, the spalling resistance of the coating is very poor, which may lead to the coating being extremely susceptible to spalling and thus losing the coating. The inventor finds that in addition to the increase of the content gradient of the lubricating phase, the increase of the porosity gradient of the coating can improve the antifriction property of the solid lubricating coating, and the increase of the content gradient of the lubricating phase and the gradient of the porosity gradient of the coating can also improve the antifriction property of the solid lubricating coating, and the two are matched with each other, so that the antifriction property of the solid lubricating coating can be further improved. More preferably, in some embodiments, the porosity in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating is 0-2%, e.g., 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, etc.; the porosity in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 8-15%, for example 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12% and the like.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the wear phase is present in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating in an amount of 95-100wt%, e.g., 95wt%, 96wt%, 97wt%, 98wt%, 99wt%, 100wt%, etc.; the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 50 to 90wt%, for example, 50wt%, 55wt%, 60wt%, 65wt%, 70wt%, 75wt%, 80wt%, 85wt%, 90wt%, or the like. When the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the bottom layer and the surface layer is within the above range, the solid lubricating coating is good in both antifriction property and abrasion-resistant property. If the content of the abrasion resistant phase in the underlayer is too low, the abrasion resistant property of the solid lubricating coating is adversely improved. If the content of the wear-resistant phase in the surface layer is too low, the wear-resistant property of the solid lubricating coating is not improved; if the content of the wear-resistant phase in the surface layer is too high, the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer is too low, which is disadvantageous in improving the antifriction properties of the solid lubricating coating. More preferably, in some embodiments, the wear phase is present in the bottom layer of the solid lubricating coating in an amount of 97-100wt%; the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 80-90wt%.
The solid lubricating coating of the embodiment of the invention is at least 2 layers. Preferably, in some embodiments, the solid lubricating coating is at least 3 layers, such as 3 layers, 4 layers, 5 layers, 6 layers, 7 layers, 8 layers, 9 layers, 10 layers, and the like. When the solid lubricating coating has only 2 layers, the content gradient change of the wear-resistant phase is too large, which is unfavorable for improving the self-adaptability of the solid lubricating coating. More preferably, in some embodiments, the solid lubricating coating is 3-6 layers. When the number of layers of the solid lubricating coating is too large, the self-adaption optimizing effect is not obvious, but the preparation difficulty of the solid lubricating coating is increased, and the production efficiency is not improved.
In the solid lubricating coating according to the embodiment of the invention, gradient changes of the content and the porosity of the lubricating phase and the content of the wear-resistant phase between the layers can be changed in an arithmetic progression, for example, the solid lubricating coating is composed of 3 layers, in the bottom layer, the content of the lubricating phase is 1wt%, the porosity of the coating is 0%, the content of the wear-resistant phase is 99wt%, in the middle layer, the content of the lubricating phase is 8wt%, the porosity of the coating is 5%, the content of the wear-resistant phase is 92wt%, in the surface layer, the content of the lubricating phase is 15wt%, the porosity of the coating is 10%, and the content of the wear-resistant phase is 85wt%; the solid lubricating coating may also vary in non-arithmetic series, for example, consisting of 3 layers, in the bottom layer, the content of lubricating phase is 2wt%, the coating porosity is 1%, the content of wear-resistant phase is 98wt%, the content of lubricating phase is 10wt%, the coating porosity is 6%, the content of wear-resistant phase is 90wt%, the content of lubricating phase is 20wt%, the coating porosity is 12%, and the content of wear-resistant phase is 80wt%.
The total thickness of the solid lubricating coating of the embodiments of the present invention is typically 50-300 microns. And the thickness may or may not be uniform between the layers. For example, the solid lubricating coating is composed of 3 layers, and when the total thickness is 210 microns, the thicknesses of the bottom layer, the intermediate layer and the surface layer may all be 70 microns, or the thickness of the bottom layer is 50 microns, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 100 microns, and the thickness of the surface layer is 60 microns.
The solid lubricating coating of the embodiment of the invention is not particularly limited to the materials of the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase, and any common materials of the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase in the related art can be adopted. Preferably, in some embodiments, the lubricating phase is MoS 2 And/or h-BN. The antifriction characteristic is derived from the lubricating phase contained in the solid coating, so that the lubricating phase has a good lubricating effect, the friction factor of the surface of the solid lubricating coating can be reduced, and the lubricity of the solid lubricating coating can be improved. Preferably, in some embodiments, the wear resistant phase is at least one of FeAl, niAl, and MCrAlY, wherein M is at least one of nickel, cobalt, and iron. The wear-resistant characteristic is derived from the wear-resistant phase contained in the solid lubricating coating, so that the wear-resistant phase has higher strength and hardness, and has certain toughness, so that the solid lubricating coating can be protected, and the wear resistance and the spalling resistance of the solid lubricating coating are improved.
Depending on the use scenario (mainly considering oxidation and corrosion factors), different materials may be selected as the lubricating phase and the binder phase of the solid lubricating coating. For example, under high temperature oxidation conditions above about 800 ℃, h-BN may be selected as the lubricating phase and NiAl and/or MCrAlY as the binder phase, the solid lubricating coating may have a certain wear resistance (provided by NiAl and/or MCrAlY binder phase) and lubricity (provided by h-BN lubricating phase) in addition to oxidation resistance (provided by NiAl and/or MCrAlY binder phase) at high temperatures. And under the low-temperature oxidation condition below 450 ℃, low-cost MoS can be adopted 2 As a lubricating phase, feAl and/or NiAl are/is selected as a binding phase, so that the production cost can be effectively reduced.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the solid lubricating coating, which comprises the following steps: and preparing the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase into a series of composite materials with a content ratio, and thermally spraying the series of composite materials with the content ratio on a base material to form the solid lubricating coating.
The lubricating phase is in dispersed island distribution and can be made of powder; the wear-resistant phases are distributed in a net shape, and can be made of wires, powder materials, or metal tube coated wires and the like; in the preparation process of the coating, firstly, the materials of the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase are mixed, so that the wear-resistant phase is dispersed in the lubricating phase, and particularly, the materials can be mixed by adopting methods such as mechanical mixing, chemical mixing or alloying mixing; and layering the obtained composite material with a series of content ratios, and performing thermal spraying to obtain the solid lubricating coating.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
Example 1
This example discloses a design strategy and a preparation scheme for preparing a coating with three characteristics of wear resistance, antifriction and self-adaptation, which is used for surface treatment of a feeding disc of a pulverized coal feeder, and the pulverized coal feeder is widely applied to pulverized coal boilers used for energy and industrial driving. The median particle diameter D50 of the pulverized coal fed from the pulverized coal feeder was 40 μm, and the maximum particle diameter was about 100 μm.
While the pulverized coal and graphite are similar in composition, pulverized coal and graphite are two substances that are distinct in physical properties. Graphite is a hexagonal crystal composed of elemental C, each carbon atom being covalently linked to the other three adjacent carbon atoms. The crystal structure of graphite has a layered structure. The graphite is softer, the binding force of the lamellar structure is weaker, the relative sliding is easy to occur, and the solid lubrication function can be realized in the friction pair. The pulverized coal of the conveying medium of the embodiment is harder, is a mixture of various crystals including oxide crystals, is difficult to relatively slide, and mainly plays roles of blocking and wearing in friction pairs. Namely, the main function of the conveying medium coal powder in the coal powder feeder is to improve the friction resistance and increase the abrasion effect.
Key components of the pulverized coal feeder are shown in fig. 2. The feed principle is to fluidize the pulverized coal with a D50 of 40 μm so that it is suspended in the whole feed space, which comprises a large number of cylindrical holes for feeding a large disc. I.e. there is a certain density of suspended coal fines in the cylindrical bore. The upper and lower feeding compacting plates are tightly attached to the surface of the feeding large disc under a certain pressure, and the feeding compacting plates are communicated with the powder feeding carrier gas pipeline. When the feeding large disc rotates at a certain rotating speed, compressed air of the powder feeding carrier gas pipeline carries suspended coal powder in cylindrical holes contained in the inner circle sealing range of the powder feeding compaction disc. As shown in FIG. 3, the included range is the circular cylindrical holes of the large feeding disc included in the circle with the diameter of 103 mm in the inner circle of the upper feeding pressing disc and the lower feeding pressing disc. And supply it to the boiler burner. In the whole powder supply process, the cylindrical holes of the large powder supply disc are used for continuously absorbing fluidized coal powder, and compressed air is provided for carrying powder to the combustor within the range of the compaction disc.
The feeding pressing disc and the feeding large disc are a pair of friction pairs and play a role in dynamic sealing. Since the pulverized coal is transported from bottom to top and finally to the burner, as indicated by the arrow in the carrier gas-feed line in fig. 2, a vertical upward movement occurs. And the two friction pairs, namely the feeding pressing disc and the feeding large disc, perform horizontal circumferential movement. The vertical upward movement and the horizontal circumferential movement are crossed, so that in the feeding process, on the basis that the friction pair is tightly pressed and sealed, micrometer-scale coal dust is sunk into the friction pair, particle abrasion occurs, and the abrasion loss of the friction pair is accelerated. More seriously, the equipment is locked in a variable working condition (such as higher setting speed, colder weather, increased air humidity and the like) at an irregular period. Once the locking phenomenon occurs, the boiler is required to be stopped, the pulverized coal is emptied, scrapped, refilled and the like, and huge economic loss and civil influence are caused.
By adopting the coating design strategy of the embodiment, a coating prepared by the method that the wear-resistant phase is FeAl phase and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The coating is composed of phases, the lubricating phase is dispersed in the coating, and the content and the porosity of the lubricating phase are in gradient increasing state from the coating/substrate interface to the outer surface of the coating. The preparation method comprises mixing FeAl powder and MoS 2 The powder is mixed according to a certain proportion, and the powder is prepared on the surface of a feeding pressing disc which is rubbed with a feeding large disc by adopting a thermal spraying method (the feeding pressing disc is cleaned in advance and sandblasted). MoS (MoS) 2 Gasifying and pulverizing (fuming in high state) at a temperature higher than 450 deg.C, and controlling process parameters (powder feeding rate, thermal spraying distance, powder feeding carrier gas flow and pressure, etc)MoS in coating 2 Is not limited, and is gasified and fuming amount. Simultaneously, the powder feeding speed is controlled to match, and finally the MoS is prepared 2 The phase content and porosity are graded from the coating/substrate interface to the coating outer surface.
In particular, the lubricant phase MoS is applied to the base region of the coating (immediately adjacent the coating/substrate interface region) 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 2wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 98wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow and pressure are 200-500L/h and 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating bottom area with the thickness of 50-70 microns is obtained by coating.
In preparing the middle region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating middle area with the thickness of 50-70 microns is obtained by coating.
In preparing the upper region of the coating (immediately adjacent to the outer surface region of the coating), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 18wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 82wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating upper region with the thickness of 50-70 microns is obtained by coating.
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are the bottom of the coatingA micrograph of the middle and upper regions, wherein the viewing area of fig. 4 is the area immediately adjacent the coating/substrate interface, the viewing area of fig. 5 is the area of the coating middle, and the viewing area of fig. 6 is the area immediately adjacent the outer surface of the coating. It can be seen that in FIG. 4 the phase composition of the coating bottom (near the coating/substrate region) is essentially a single wear phase FeAl phase, with several granular MoS's in the field of view 2 Phase and porosity. In FIG. 5, the phase composition of the middle region of the coating is based on the wear-resistant FeAl phase and the lubricating phase MoS 2 The phase is in granular or intermittent band-shaped dispersion distribution and simultaneously contains a certain number of pores. The phase composition of the upper region of the coating (immediately adjacent to the outer surface of the coating) in FIG. 6 is MoS, although it is still dominated by the wear resistant phase FeAl phase 2 The phase and the pore space are obviously increased, the pore space is still mainly granular, and the lubricating phase MoS 2 The phases are still dispersed in granular or ribbon form, but the bandwidth and ribbon length are wider and longer than the central region of the coating.
Finally, moS of the coating bottom area can be obtained 2 About 1 wt.%, balance FeAl, moS in the middle region of the coating 2 About 8wt% of FeAl, balance MoS in the upper region of the coating 2 About 15wt% of the remainder being FeAl. In terms of porosity, the porosity of the bottom region of the coating was about 0.1%, the porosity of the middle region of the coating was about 5%, and the porosity of the upper region of the coating was about 10%.
Example 2
In preparing the bottom region of the coating (next to the coating/substrate interface region), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 2wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 98wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating bottom region with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the first intermediate region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Powder and method for producing the sameMechanically mixing the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100% and the lubricating phase MoS is used 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating first middle area with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the second intermediate region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 18wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 82wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating second middle area with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the upper region of the coating (immediately adjacent to the outer surface region of the coating), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 26wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 74wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating upper region with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
Finally, moS of the coating bottom area can be obtained 2 About 1 wt.%, balance FeAl, moS of the first middle region of the coating 2 About 8wt% of FeAl, the balance being MoS in a second intermediate region above the first intermediate region of the coating 2 About 15wt% of FeAl, balance MoS in the upper region of the coating 2 Is about 21wt%,the balance being FeAl. In terms of porosity, the porosity of the bottom region of the coating was about 0.1%, the porosity of the first middle region of the coating was about 5%, the porosity of the second middle region of the coating was about 10%, and the porosity of the upper region of the coating was about 13%.
Example 3
In preparing the bottom region of the coating (next to the coating/substrate interface region), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 2wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 98wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating bottom region with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the first intermediate region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating first middle area with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the second intermediate region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 18wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 82wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating second middle area with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the third intermediate region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 26wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 74wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating third middle area with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the fourth intermediate region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 34wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 66wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating fourth middle area with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the upper region of the coating (immediately adjacent to the outer surface region of the coating), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 42wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 58wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating upper region with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
Finally, moS of the coating bottom area can be obtained 2 About 1 wt.%, balance FeAl, moS of the first middle region of the coating 2 About 8wt% of FeAl, the balance being MoS in a second intermediate region above the first intermediate region of the coating 2 About 15wt% of the balanceFor FeAl, moS of a third middle region above the second middle region of the coating 2 About 21 wt.%, balance FeAl, moS of a fourth middle region above the third middle region of the coating 2 About 27wt% of FeAl, balance MoS in the upper region of the coating 2 About 35wt% of the total mass of the composition, the balance being FeAl. In terms of porosity, the porosity of the bottom region of the coating was about 0.1%, the porosity of the first middle region of the coating was about 5%, the porosity of the second middle region of the coating was about 10%, the porosity of the third middle region of the coating was about 13%, the porosity of the fourth middle region of the coating was about 15%, and the porosity of the upper region of the coating was about 20%.
Comparative example 1
The original feed compacting plate subjected to the martensitic treatment is not coated with any coating.
Comparative example 2
In preparing the coating of this comparative example, the lubricating phase MoS was applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
The prepared coating is uniform and consistent all over, wherein MoS is adopted 2 The mass fraction of the phase is 8wt%, and the balance is FeAl; the coating porosity was about 5%.
Comparative example 3
In preparing the bottom region of the coating (next to the coating/substrate interface region), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 2wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 98wt%; then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding rate is 30-50g/min, a thermal spraying distance of 140mm, a powder feeding carrier gas flow of 200-500L/h and a pressure of 0.30-0.35MPa, wherein the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and a coating bottom area with a thickness of 50-70 microns is obtained by coating.
In preparing the middle region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 50-70g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 130mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.30-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating middle area with the thickness of 30-50 microns is obtained by coating.
In preparing the upper region of the coating (immediately adjacent to the outer surface region of the coating), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 18wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 82wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating upper region with the thickness of 50-70 microns is obtained by coating.
Finally, moS of the coating bottom area can be obtained 2 About 1 wt.%, balance FeAl, moS in the middle region of the coating 2 About 8wt% of FeAl, balance MoS in the upper region of the coating 2 About 15wt% of the remainder being FeAl. In terms of porosity, the porosity of the bottom region of the coating, the middle region of the coating, and the upper region of the coating was about 5%.
Comparative example 4
In preparing the bottom region of the coating (next to the coating/substrate interface region), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 120mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.3-0.35MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating bottom region with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the middle region of the coating, the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 130mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.25-0.30MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating middle area with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
In preparing the upper region of the coating (immediately adjacent to the outer surface region of the coating), the lubricating phase MoS is applied 2 Mechanically mixing the powder with wear-resistant FeAl powder to obtain a composite material, wherein the total mass of the composite material is 100%, and the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The mass fraction of the powder is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of the wear-resistant phase FeAl powder is 90wt%; and then carrying out thermal spraying on the composite material, wherein the powder feeding speed is 30-50g/min, the thermal spraying distance is 140mm, the powder feeding carrier gas flow is 200-500L/h, the pressure is 0.2-0.25MPa, the temperature of a thermal spraying matrix is not more than 200 ℃, and the coating upper region with the thickness of 30-50 micrometers is obtained by coating.
Finally, moS of the bottom area, the middle area and the upper area of the coating can be obtained 2 The mass fraction of (2) is 8wt%, and the balance is FeAl. In terms of porosity, the porosity of the bottom region of the coating was 5%, the porosity of the middle region of the coating was 8%, and the porosity of the upper region of the coating was 10%.
Evaluation of performance:
(1) Example 1 with FeAl-MoS 2 The feed pinch disks for wear-resistant, antifriction and adaptive coating and the uncoated feed pinch disks of comparative example 1 were mounted to the pulverized coal feed, respectivelyA 50% load run test was performed in the feeder. The apparatus of example 1 was operated smoothly and continuously with 86db to 50db volume measured at 1m before the operation sound was modified (comparative example 1) in the state where the primary fan and the feeder motor were started, and no sporadic shaking occurred. The motor current is reduced to a certain extent, and the motor current is reduced to below 2A from above 2.5A under the condition of the same rotating speed of 30 rpm. After a quarterly test, the average wear of the feed pinch plate after coating modification of example 1 (as determined by detecting the thickness of the feed pinch plate) was substantially 0.1mm (this reduction in thickness even includes micro-deformation of the upper region of the coating after compression, i.e. the actual wear should be lower), whereas the original martensitic feed pinch plate exhibited an average wear of about 0.4 mm.
After a heating season (5 months), for two feeding towers with the same coating and different working conditions, namely different extrusion degrees, similar abrasion conditions appear in the example 1 under 50% load, abrasion within the maximum range of 0.15mm only appears, the average value is within 0.10mm, and the abrasion within the range of 0.16mm appears in the example 1 under 83.3% load, and the average value is still within 0.10 mm. The coating is seen to have a certain self-adaptability. Whereas comparative example 1, which was not subjected to the coating treatment, showed an average abrasion loss of approximately 1mm at 50% load and an average abrasion loss of 1mm or more at 83.3% load.
It can be seen that the friction resistance of the coating with wear resistance, antifriction and self-adaption of the embodiment 1 is remarkably reduced, and the service life is multiplied.
(2) Example 2 with FeAl-MoS 2 The feed compaction plate for the wear resistant, friction reducing and adaptive coating and the uncoated feed compaction plate of comparative example 1 were each mounted into a pulverized coal feeder for operational testing. The apparatus of example 2 was operated smoothly and continuously with a volume of 86db reduced to 49db measured at 1m in comparison with the sound before modification (comparative example 1) in the start-up state of the primary air blower and the feeder motor, and no accidental shaking occurred. The motor current is reduced to a certain extent, and the motor current is reduced to below 2A from above 2.5A under the condition of the same rotating speed of 30 rpm. Through one of The average wear of the feed pinch plate after coating modification of example 2 (as determined by detecting the thickness of the feed pinch plate) was substantially 0.1mm (this reduction in thickness even includes micro-deformation of the upper region of the coating after compression, i.e. the actual wear should be lower), whereas the original martensitic feed pinch plate showed an average wear of about 0.4 mm.
Through the use of one heating season (5 months), for two feeding towers with the same coating and different working conditions, namely different extrusion degrees, the abrasion condition of the two feeding towers is much better than that of comparative example 1, the abrasion within the maximum range of 0.14mm only occurs under 50% load in one heating season, and the average value is within 0.09 mm; wear only occurs within a maximum range of 0.15mm after a heating season under 83.3% load, the average value is still within 0.09mm, and the coating is obvious to have certain self-adaptability. Whereas comparative example 1, which was not subjected to the coating treatment, showed an average abrasion loss of approximately 1mm at 50% load and an average abrasion loss of 1mm or more at 83.3% load.
It can be seen that the friction resistance of the coating with wear resistance, antifriction and self-adaption of the coating in the embodiment 2 is remarkably reduced, and the service life is multiplied.
(3) Example 3 with FeAl-MoS 2 The feed compaction plate for the wear resistant, friction reducing and adaptive coating and the uncoated feed compaction plate of comparative example 1 were each mounted into a pulverized coal feeder for operational testing. The apparatus of example 2 was operated smoothly and continuously with a volume of 86db reduced to 49db measured at 1m in comparison with the sound before modification (comparative example 1) in the start-up state of the primary air blower and the feeder motor, and no accidental shaking occurred. The motor current is reduced to a certain extent, and the motor current is reduced to below 2A from above 2.5A under the condition of the same rotating speed of 30 rpm. After a quarterly test, the average wear of the modified feed pinch plate of example 2 (as determined by detecting the thickness of the feed pinch plate) was substantially 0.1mm (this reduction in thickness even includes micro-deformation of the upper region of the coating after compression, i.e., the actual wear should be lower), whereas the original martensitic feed pinch plate exhibited an average wear of about 0.4 mm.
Through the use of one heating season (5 months), for two feeding towers with the same coating and different working conditions, namely different extrusion degrees, the abrasion conditions of the two feeding towers are much better than those of comparative example 1, and the average abrasion loss is 0.15mm after one heating season under the load of 50% and the load of 83.3%, so that the coating has certain self-adaptability. Whereas comparative example 1, which was not subjected to the coating treatment, showed an average abrasion loss of approximately 1mm at 50% load and an average abrasion loss of 1mm or more at 83.3% load.
It can be seen that the friction resistance of the coating with wear resistance, antifriction and self-adaption of the embodiment 3 is remarkably reduced, and the service life is multiplied.
(4) From a comparison of examples 1-3, example 2 had slightly better average wear than example 1, while example 3 had lower wear resistance than examples 2 and 1, due to the fact that: the process of example 3 had the problem of excessive porosity in the outer layer, reducing wear resistance. In combination, the coating of example 2 can meet the operating conditions requirements, and in addition, the solution of example 1 is preferred in combination with cost and time consumption.
(5) Example 1 with FeAl-MoS 2 The feed compaction plate for the wear resistant, friction reducing and adaptive coating and the feed compaction plate for comparative example 2 with a uniform coating throughout were mounted in a 50% load operated pulverized coal feeder and in a 83.3% load operated pulverized coal feeder, respectively. As a result, it was found that the wear of the two coatings in the pulverized coal feeder operated at 50% load was similar after one heating season (5 months). However, in the 83.3% load operation of the pulverized coal feeder, the thickness of comparative example 2 was reduced by about 0.15mm on average, i.e., abrasion of about 0.15mm on average occurred, while the thickness of example 1 was reduced by only about 0.1mm.
It can be seen that the coating with the composite structure in which the lubricating phase mass fraction and the porosity are distributed in gradient increasing manner in example 1 has lower abrasion loss than the coating without gradient, and has more self-adaptability in antifriction and abrasion resistance. Whereas the coating of comparative example 2 is not adaptive.
(5) Example 1 with FeAl-MoS 2 The feed pinch rolls of the wear-resistant, antifriction and adaptive coating and the feed pinch rolls of comparative example 3 were installed in a 50% load operated pulverized coal feeder and in a 83.3% load operated pulverized coal feeder, respectively. As a result, it was found that the thickness of comparative example 3 was reduced by about 0.15mm on average, while the thickness of example 1 was reduced by only within 0.1mm on average in the pulverized coal feeder operated at 50% load, after one heating season (5 months). In the 83.3% load operated pulverized coal feeder, the thickness of comparative example 3 was reduced by about 0.17mm on average, while the thickness of example 1 was still reduced by about 0.1mm on average only.
It can be seen that the composite structure with the gradient increasing distribution of the porosity of the lubricating phase of example 1 has a certain degree of benefit for the adaptivity. Whereas the adaptivity of the coating of comparative example 3 is not evident.
(6) Example 1 with FeAl-MoS 2 The wear-resistant, antifriction and adaptive coated feed pinch plate and the uncoated feed pinch plate of comparative example 4 were mounted in a 50% load operated pulverized coal feeder and in a 83.3% load operated pulverized coal feeder, respectively. As a result, it was found that the thickness of comparative example 4 was reduced by about 0.19mm on average, while the thickness of example 1 was reduced by only within 0.1mm in the pulverized coal feeder operated at 50% load, after one heating season (5 months). In the 83.3% load operated pulverized coal feeder, the thickness of comparative example 4 was reduced by about 0.20mm on average, while the thickness of example 1 was still reduced by about 0.1mm on average only.
It can be seen that the composite structure with the gradient increasing distribution of the porosity of the lubricating phase of example 1 has a certain degree of benefit for the adaptivity. Whereas the adaptivity of the coating of comparative example 4 is not evident.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The solid lubricating coating is characterized by comprising a lubricating phase and a wear-resistant phase, wherein the content of the lubricating phase and the porosity of the solid lubricating coating are gradually increased from the bottom layer to the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating, and the content of the wear-resistant phase is gradually decreased.
2. The solid lubricant coating according to claim 1, wherein the content of the lubricating phase in the bottom layer of the solid lubricant coating is 0-5wt% and the porosity is 0-50%; the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 10-50wt% and the porosity is 0-50%.
3. The solid lubricant coating according to claim 2, wherein the content of the lubricating phase in the bottom layer of the solid lubricant coating is 0-3wt% and the porosity is 0-2%; the content of the lubricating phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 10-20wt% and the porosity is 8-15%.
4. The solid lubricant coating according to claim 1, wherein the content of the wear-resistant phase in the bottom layer of the solid lubricant coating is 95-100wt%; the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 50-90wt%.
5. The solid lubricant coating according to claim 4, wherein the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the bottom layer of the solid lubricant coating is 97 to 100wt%; the content of the abrasion-resistant phase in the surface layer of the solid lubricating coating is 80-90wt%.
6. The solid lubricating coating of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the solid lubricating coating is at least 3 layers.
7. The solid lubricant coating of claim 6, wherein the solid lubricant coating is 3-6 layers.
8. The solid lubricant coating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricating phase is MoS 2 And/or h-BN, wherein the wear-resistant phase is at least one of FeAl, niAl and MCrAlY, and M is at least one of nickel, cobalt and iron.
9. The solid lubricating coating of claim 8, wherein the lubricating phase is MoS 2 The wear-resistant phase is FeAl and/or NiAl; or the lubricating phase is h-BN, and the wear-resistant phase is NiAl and/or MCrAlY, wherein M is at least one of nickel, cobalt and iron.
10. The method for producing a solid lubricating coating according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: and preparing the lubricating phase and the wear-resistant phase into a series of composite materials with a content ratio, and thermally spraying the series of composite materials with the content ratio on a base material to form the solid lubricating coating.
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