CN109868443B - Nickel-based aluminum oxide high-temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-based aluminum oxide high-temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nickel-based alumina high-temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof2O3‑CaF2.BaF2The high-temperature solid self-lubricating wear-resistant coating material has a more compact structure and a lower high-temperature friction coefficient which is only 0.27 at 800 ℃, mainly because of CaF at high temperature2.BaF2Softened CaF2.BaF2A layer of lubricating film is generated on the surface of the coating under the action of shear stress, so that the friction coefficient is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wear-resistant coatings, in particular to a nickel-based aluminum oxide high-temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating prepared by adopting a supersonic flame spraying technology.
Background
The problems of rust prevention, corrosion prevention, wear resistance and lubrication of high-temperature alloys used in the fields of aerospace, electric power, nuclear energy and metallurgy are key problems to be solved at present, and the problems directly influence the service life of the high-temperature alloys. In particular to high-temperature alloy materials used in high-speed abrasion and hot corrosion environments, lubricating grease is ineffective in the severe environments, and solid lubricants such as graphite and MoS are commonly used2The preparation method is extremely easy to oxidize and lose efficacy, and the development of the solid lubricating wear-resistant coating which can be used for a long time in a high-temperature and high-oxidation environment is an effective solution.
The solid lubricating wear-resistant coating consists of a matrix phase, a lubricating phase and a wear-resistant phase. The substrate phase mainly comprises metal and alloy materials thereof, and the common nickel-based, cobalt-based and iron-based alloy materials mainly play a role of a binding phase in a coating; the lubricating phase mainly comprises metal sulfide, inorganic simple substance, metal oxide, rare earth compound, inorganic borate and the like, and part of high-temperature-resistant high polymer materials such as PI, PTFE, PEEK and the like, and mainly plays a lubricating role in the coating; the wear-resistant phase mainly comprises ceramic materials, including oxides, silicides, carbides, nitrides and the like, and mainly plays a role in improving the wear resistance of the coating and prolonging the service life of the coating.
At present, many researches on high-temperature solid lubricating wear-resistant coating materials are carried out, but Al is used2O3Less coating materials are reported for the wear resistant phase. Cheng Gua et Al prepared NiCr/Al by powder thermal spraying method2O3The microstructure and phase composition of the coating are analyzed, and the influence of the spraying process on the microstructure and phase composition of the metal/ceramic composite coating is researched, but the performance of the coating is not tested in the text. Zhang Tianming adopts supersonic flame spraying process to prepare Ni/Al2O3The composite coating is compounded, the performance of the coating is studied, and Al is found2O3The addition of the particles is effective in improving the abrasion resistance of the coating. Zhao Xiao soldiers adopt flame spraying technology to prepare different Al2O3Content of nano Ni/Al2O3The coating is compounded, and the structure and the performance of the coating are researched. A.S.Hamdy et Al prepared Ni-P-Al by chemical plating2O3Ni-P-W and Ni-P coatings, the hot corrosion behavior of the coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated. Feng Q.Y. et Al prepared Ni/Al by coprecipitation2O3The composite coating researches the high-temperature corrosion and oxidation behaviors of the coating. The research finds that: nano Al2O3The grains refine the crystallization of Ni, change the optimal orientation of the coating and improve the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the coating. The subject group prepared NiCoCrAlY/Al by using atmospheric plasma spraying and supersonic flame spraying technologies2O3-B4C coating material, research shows that the coating has good high-temperature oxidation resistanceThe chemical property is poor, but the high-temperature lubricating property is poor, and in order to further improve the high-temperature lubricating property of the coating, CaF is added into the coating2.BaF2As a high-temperature solid lubricant, NiCoCrAlY/Al is prepared by adopting a supersonic flame spraying technology2O3-CaF2.BaF2High-temperature solid self-lubricating wear-resistant coating material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel-based alumina high-temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating is mainly applied to high-temperature relative operation components such as aerospace, electric power, metallurgy and the like.
The NiCoCrAlY/Cr2O3-Ag-CaF2.BaF2The preparation method of the composite coating comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing Al according to a certain metering ratio2O3And CaF2.BaF2Putting the powder into a mixing barrel, adding deionized water, uniformly mixing by an electric stirrer, adding a proper amount of defoaming agent to remove bubbles in the mixed slurry, and carrying out centrifugal spray granulation on the mixed slurry by a high-speed centrifugal spray granulation dryer to obtain spherical Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2And (3) composite powder.
(2) And screening the prepared composite powder, and taking particles of 20-45 mu m for subsequent preparation of the supersonic composite powder.
(3) By high pressure hydrogen reduction process on Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Plating nickel on the surface of the particles to obtain Ni/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2And (3) composite powder.
(4) Mixing Ni with Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Fully mixing the composite powder with Co, Cr, Al and Y powder, and alloying in reducing atmosphere to obtain NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2And (3) composite powder.
(5) Putting the substrate in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains and other substances on the surface of the substrate; after drying, a suction dry sand blasting machine is adopted to carry out sand blasting pretreatment on the surface of the matrix.
(6) The coating is prepared by adopting supersonic flame spraying equipment, and the optimized spraying parameters are as follows: oxygen flow 50m3The spraying distance is 350mm, the powder feeding amount is 30-40 g/min, and the aviation kerosene is 21L/h.
In a specific case, the weight of each component is as follows: ni: co: cr: al: y is 74: 2.5: 17.5: 5.5: 0.5; NiCoCrAlY: 40% -50%; al (Al)2O3：40％～50％；CaF2.BaF2：5％～15％。
Preferably, step (3) is specifically: taking a certain amount of Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Fully and uniformly mixing the powder particles with a surfactant; then, nickel and Al are added as required2O3-CaF2.BaF2The mass ratio of the particles is nickel sulfate, a buffering agent, a catalyst and Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2The particles are jointly filled into a high-pressure reaction kettle and sealed; replacing air in the kettle with hydrogen, heating to 150-180 ℃, filling 2-5 MPa of hydrogen, adjusting the stirring speed, and supplementing hydrogen according to needs; filling hydrogen to perform reduction reaction until the pressure of the hydrogen in the pressure gauge is unchanged; cooling, taking out the powder and drying to obtain the Ni/Al alloy2O3-CaF2.BaF2And (3) composite powder. The surfactant can be polyacrylamide, the buffer can be ammonium chloride, and the catalyst can be palladium chloride. Al can be reduced by adopting the high-pressure hydrogen reduction process2O3-CaF2.BaF2The surface of the powder particles is evenly plated with a layer of compact nickel film.
Supersonic flame sprayed NiCoCrAlY/Al prepared before the subject group2O3-B4Compared with the C coating material, the NiCoCrAlY/Al prepared by the invention2O3-CaF2.BaF2The high-temperature solid self-lubricating wear-resistant coating material has a more compact structure and a lower high-temperature friction coefficient which is only 0.27 at 800 ℃, mainly because of CaF at high temperature2.BaF2The softening takes place and the softening takes place,softened CaF2.BaF2A layer of lubricating film is generated on the surface of the coating under the action of shear stress, so that the friction coefficient is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the preparation of NiCoCrAlY/Al by supersonic flame spraying in the present invention2O3-CaF2.BaF2A process flow chart of the composite coating.
FIG. 2 is a graph of temperature versus supersonic flame spray NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Influence of the coefficient of friction of the composite coating.
FIG. 3 is a graph of temperature versus supersonic flame spray NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Influence of wear rate of the composite coating.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these production examples.
The invention adopts the supersonic flame spraying technology to prepare NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2The preparation process flow of the composite coating is shown in figure 1.
The specific preparation process comprises two parts:
1. preparation of powder
(1) Respectively weighing Al according to stoichiometric ratio2O3And CaF2.BaF2Putting the powder into a plastic barrel, adding a certain proportion of deionized water, uniformly mixing by a JJ-1 type boosting electric stirrer, adding a proper amount of defoaming agent to remove bubbles in the mixed slurry, and carrying out centrifugal spray granulation on the mixed slurry by an LGZ high-speed centrifugal spray granulation dryer to obtain spherical Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2And (3) composite powder.
The weight of each component is as follows: ni: co: cr: al: y is 74: 2.5: 17.5: 5.5: 0.5; NiCoCrAlY: 40% -50%; al (Al)2O3：40％～50％；CaF2.BaF2: 5 to 15 percent. Wherein CaF2.BaF2Is CaF2And BaF2Mixed powder of (2)And (b) a molar ratio of 1: 1.
(2) and screening the prepared composite powder, and taking particles of 20-45 mu m for subsequent preparation of the supersonic composite powder.
(3) Firstly, a certain amount of Al is taken2O3-CaF2.BaF2The powder particles and the surface active agent are fully and uniformly mixed. Then, nickel and Al are added as required2O3-CaF2.BaF2The mass ratio of the particles is nickel sulfate, ammonium chloride, palladium chloride and Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2The granules were co-charged into a high pressure autoclave and sealed. Replacing air in the kettle with hydrogen, heating to 150-180 ℃, filling 2-5 MPa of hydrogen, adjusting the stirring speed, and supplementing hydrogen according to needs. Filling hydrogen to perform reduction reaction until the pressure of the hydrogen in the pressure gauge is unchanged. Cooling, taking out the powder and drying to obtain the Ni/Al alloy2O3-CaF2.BaF2And (3) composite powder.
(4) Mixing Ni with Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Fully mixing the composite powder with Co, Cr, Al and Y powder, and alloying in reducing atmosphere to obtain NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2And (3) composite powder.
2. Preparation of the coating
(1) The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 10min to remove oil stains and other materials from the substrate surface. And after drying, performing sand blasting pretreatment on the surface of the Ni-based high-temperature alloy matrix by using a GS-943 suction type dry sand blasting machine.
(2) By TⅠ-Ⅱ3200CY type supersonic flame spraying equipment is used for preparing a coating, and optimized spraying parameters are as follows: oxygen flow 50m3The spraying distance is 350mm, the powder feeding amount is 30-40 g/min, and the aviation kerosene is 21L/h.
Example 1
NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2The composite coating comprises the following components: ni: co: cr: al: y is 74: 2.5: 17.5: 5.5: 0.5; NiCoCrAlY: 50 percent; al (Al)2O3：40％；CaF2.BaF2: 10 percent. Preparing Al by spray granulation technology2O3-CaF2.BaF2Composite powder, and high pressure hydrogen reduction technology and solid phase alloying technology are adopted to prepare the coated NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2The composite powder is NiCoCrAlY/Al prepared by adopting a supersonic flame spraying technology2O3-CaF2.BaF2The friction coefficient and the wear rate of the composite coating material are tested.
FIG. 2 shows temperature vs. supersonic flame spraying of NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Influence of the coefficient of friction of the composite coating. As shown, the coefficient of friction of the coating increases slightly and then decreases with increasing temperature, with a maximum coefficient of friction of about 0.81 at 200 ℃ and a minimum coefficient of friction of about 0.27 at 800 ℃, primarily due to CaF at high temperatures2.BaF2Softened CaF2.BaF2A layer of lubricating film is generated on the surface of the coating under the action of shear stress, so that the friction coefficient is reduced.
FIG. 3 is temperature versus supersonic flame spray NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Influence of wear rate of the composite coating. It can be seen from the figure that the wear of the coating increases first and then decreases with increasing temperature. The wear rate is maximum at 400 ℃ and is about 9.8X 10-4mm3The reason for the fact that at 400 ℃, the adhesion between the surface coating and the surface of the friction pair occurs, on the one hand, and the bonding strength among particles in the coating is reduced along with the increase of the temperature, and at the temperature, a lubricating film is not generated on the surface of the coating, so that the surface of the coating is relatively seriously abraded under the action of shear stress; at 800 deg.C, the wear rate is minimized to about 5.0 × 10-4mm3in/Nm. This is probably due to the formation of CaF at high temperatures2.BaF2The reason for the solid lubricating film.
And (4) conclusion: the friction coefficient and the wear rate are the lowest when the temperature is 800 ℃ through testing and are respectively about 0.27 and 5.0 multiplied by 10- 4mm3/Nm。
Example 2
NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3The composite coating comprises the following components: ni: co: cr: al: y is 74: 2.5: 17.5: 5.5: 0.5; NiCoCrAlY: 45 percent; al (Al)2O3：50％；CaF2.BaF2: 5 percent. Preparing Al by spray granulation technology2O3The powder is prepared into coated NiCoCrAlY/Al by adopting a high-pressure hydrogen reduction technology and a solid-phase alloying technology2O3The composite powder is NiCoCrAlY/Al prepared by adopting a supersonic flame spraying technology2O3The friction coefficient and the wear rate of the composite coating material are tested.
And (4) conclusion: the wear rate at room temperature is 4.8 multiplied by 10 to the minimum by testing-4mm3in/Nm. The coefficient of friction was the lowest, about 0.4, at 800 ℃.
Example 3
NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2The composite coating comprises the following components: ni: co: cr: al: y is 74: 2.5: 17.5: 5.5: 0.5; NiCoCrAlY: 40 percent; al (Al)2O3：45％；CaF2.BaF2: 15 percent. Preparing Al by spray granulation technology2O3-CaF2.BaF2Composite powder, and high pressure hydrogen reduction technology and solid phase alloying technology are adopted to prepare the coated NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2The composite powder is NiCoCrAlY/Al prepared by adopting a supersonic flame spraying technology2O3-CaF2.BaF2The friction coefficient and the wear rate of the composite coating material are tested.
And (4) conclusion: the friction coefficient and the wear rate are the lowest when the temperature is 800 ℃ through testing and are respectively about 0.35 and 3.8 multiplied by 10- 4mm3/Nm。
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a nickel-based alumina high-temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing Al according to a certain metering ratio2O3And CaF2.BaF2Putting the powder into a mixing barrel, adding deionized water, uniformly mixing by an electric stirrer, adding a proper amount of defoaming agent to remove bubbles in the mixed slurry, and carrying out centrifugal spray granulation on the mixed slurry by a high-speed centrifugal spray granulation dryer to obtain spherical Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Composite powder;
(2) screening the prepared composite powder, and taking particles of which the particle size is between 20 and 45 mu m for subsequent preparation of the supersonic composite powder;
(3) by high pressure hydrogen reduction process on Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Plating nickel on the surface of the particles to obtain Ni/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Composite powder;
(4) mixing Ni with Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Fully mixing the composite powder with Co, Cr, Al and Y powder, and alloying in reducing atmosphere to obtain NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-CaF2.BaF2Composite powder;
the weight of each component is as follows: ni: co: cr: al: y is 74: 2.5: 17.5: 5.5: 0.5; NiCoCrAlY: 40% -50%; al (Al)2O3：40％～50％；CaF2.BaF2: 5% -15%; wherein CaF2.BaF2Is CaF2And BaF2The molar ratio of the mixed powder of (1): 1;
(5) putting the substrate in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains and other substances on the surface of the substrate; after drying, carrying out sand blasting pretreatment on the surface of the matrix by adopting a suction type dry sand blasting machine;
(6) the coating is prepared by adopting supersonic flame spraying equipment, and the optimized spraying parameters are as follows: oxygen flow 50m3The spraying distance is 350mm, the powder feeding amount is 30-40 g/min, and the aviation kerosene is 21L/h.
2. The high-temperature solid self-lubricating wear-resistant coating prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.
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