CN117601517A - Composite shock wave-resistant broken sheet laminate - Google Patents
Composite shock wave-resistant broken sheet laminate Download PDFInfo
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- CN117601517A CN117601517A CN202311416744.7A CN202311416744A CN117601517A CN 117601517 A CN117601517 A CN 117601517A CN 202311416744 A CN202311416744 A CN 202311416744A CN 117601517 A CN117601517 A CN 117601517A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite shock wave-resistant broken sheet laminate, and relates to the technical field of anti-explosion protection. According to the invention, the damage of the shock wave composite fragments can be effectively prevented by combining the fragment-resistant structure, the shock wave-resistant structure and the fiber composite reinforced material layer; the anti-breaking structure is divided into a ceramic layer and a soft-hard inter-metal layer, and the kinetic energy of the breaking piece can be effectively dispersed and absorbed by utilizing the high hardness, brittleness and crack propagation characteristics of the ceramic, so that the head of the breaking piece is abraded and upset, and penetration resistance of the breaking piece is further improved; the second anti-fragmentation layer with alternately soft and hard is formed by the hard metal plate and the soft metal plate, and the two metals with different hardness and inclination angle are proportioned, so that stress on two sides of the fragmentation is unbalanced in the penetration process, the bullet can be effectively deflected and even broken without increasing the mass and the volume of the structure, and the kinetic energy in the most dangerous direction of the fragmentation is further dispersed and absorbed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anti-explosion protection, and particularly relates to a composite anti-shock wave broken sheet laminate.
Background
The explosion injury is mainly represented by the injury caused by the composite fragments of the shock waves, and the explosion occurring near facilities such as building bridges and the like in the personnel-intensive area can cause great damage and cause serious personnel injury; for civil structures, damage to critical load bearing members may result in collapse of the entire structure when subjected to large shock wave loads or fragment strikes; for the human body, the damage of each organ can be caused by the large shock wave load and the broken piece impact.
At present, the research on a shock wave composite broken piece injury protection structure is mainly focused on a multi-layer composite structure, the most classical composite structure is a ceramic-fiber composite reinforced material-metal panel structure, the first two layers of materials are mainly used for preventing broken pieces from penetrating, the rear layer of metal plates are used for defending shock wave injury, and the protection performance of the structure is mainly improved by a method for increasing the thickness of the materials, so that the problems of large occupied space and heavy mass exist; in the CN108454194a patent, a multilayer composite material containing UHMWPE fiber-foamed aluminum sandwich is disclosed, in which foamed aluminum is added to a classical structure to improve the explosion-proof capability of the structure, but there still exists a problem that the protective performance can only be improved by increasing the thickness of the material; as in the CN112606495A and CN116512708A patents, a composite anti-explosion protection structure of bionic bulge-negative poisson ratio material and a composite sandwich anti-explosion structure are disclosed, so that the protection structure is more designed, the anti-explosion capability of the structure is expected to be further improved on the basis of not increasing the thickness and the quality, but the design principle is mainly based on the principle of bionics, and the lack of mechanical/physical mechanism support may lead to poorer real anti-explosion performance; in the existing design, the blast resistance of the structure is evaluated from the aspects of the ballistic limit speed and the energy absorption, and the shock wave attenuation capability is not considered. In fact, when the protected object is a building key bearing piece or a human body, the surface of the protected object is damaged in a disastrous way when being subjected to a force of 1 Mpa; therefore, the method is very important for examining the wave-absorbing capacity of the shock wave-resistant structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite anti-shock wave broken sheet layer plate, which is a composite anti-explosion protection structure of a ceramic-soft-hard inter-phase metal-out-of-plane defect thin-wall multicellular material-fiber composite reinforced material, and aims to solve the problems of large occupied space, heavy weight, poor wave eliminating capability and insufficient anti-explosion performance of the structure in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the composite shock wave resistant broken sheet laminate, a broken sheet resistant structure, a shock wave resistant structure and a fiber composite reinforced material layer are sequentially arranged from outside to inside;
the anti-breaking structure comprises a first anti-breaking layer formed by a homogeneous ceramic plate, and a second anti-breaking layer formed by hard metal plates and soft metal plates which are obliquely and alternately arranged at intervals and are arranged on the inner side of the homogeneous ceramic plate;
the shock wave resistant structure adopts a Bao Zhu multicellular structure vertically arranged at the bottom of the second anti-breaking layer in an array manner, and a concave notch is formed in the top of the Bao Zhu multicellular structure, which is in contact with the second anti-breaking layer;
the fiber composite reinforced material layer adopts a fiber reinforced composite material panel;
the homogeneous ceramic plate, the hard metal plate, the soft metal plate, the Bao Zhu multicellular structure and the fiber reinforced composite material panel are fixedly connected in an adhesive mode.
Further, the heights of the hard metal plate and the soft metal plate are the same, and the side walls are attached.
Further, a large non-vertical inclined included angle is formed among the hard metal plate, the soft metal plate and the homogeneous ceramic plate.
Further, the homogeneous ceramic plate (1) adopts a whole material of boron carbide (B) 4 C) Boron Nitride (BN), aluminum oxide (Al) 2 O 3 ) Or silicon carbide (SiC).
Further, the hard metal plate is made of steel, titanium alloy, chromium-molybdenum steel, nickel-based alloy and tungsten.
Further, the soft metal plate comprises various foam metals and porous metal materials.
Further, the fiber reinforced composite material panel is a composite material panel formed by winding, die pressing or pultrusion of a reinforced fiber material and a matrix material; the reinforced fiber material comprises carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, metal fiber, high molecular polyethylene fiber and carbon nano tube; the matrix material comprises resin, ceramic, cement and rubber.
Further, the raw materials adopted for gluing comprise epoxy resin glue, polyurethane glue, acrylic acid glue, silicone glue and bi-component epoxy glue.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the damage of the shock wave composite fragments can be effectively prevented by combining the fragment-resistant structure, the shock wave-resistant structure and the fiber composite reinforced material layer;
(2) The anti-breaking structure is divided into a ceramic layer and a soft-hard inter-metal layer, and the kinetic energy of the breaking piece can be effectively dispersed and absorbed by utilizing the high hardness, brittleness and crack propagation characteristics of the ceramic, so that the head of the breaking piece is abraded and upset, and penetration resistance of the breaking piece is further improved;
(3) The second anti-fragmentation layer with alternately soft and hard layers is formed by the hard metal plate and the soft metal plate, and the two metals with different hardness and inclination angles are proportioned, so that stress on two sides of the fragmentation is unbalanced in the penetration process (the pressure at the hard metal is higher than that at the soft metal), the bullet can deflect and even break effectively without increasing the mass and the volume of the structure, and the kinetic energy in the most dangerous direction of the fragmentation is further dispersed and absorbed, so that the fragmentation stays in the metal layer and is not damaged inwards, thereby reducing and absorbing the kinetic energy in the most dangerous direction of the fragmentation and reducing the fragmentation penetration;
(4) The shock wave-resistant part has the thin-wall multi-cell structure with prefabricated defects, the cell wall structure is mainly in a layer-by-layer collapse deformation mode when in axial compression, the energy absorption efficiency of the structure can be further improved, the excessively high initial peak value is effectively avoided, the wave-absorbing capacity of the structure is improved, the structure has excellent out-of-plane compression capacity and energy absorption characteristics, the out-of-plane prefabricated defects reduce the initial stress area of the structure, the structure does not have the higher initial peak value any more, and the wave-absorbing capacity of the structure is improved
(5) The fiber composite reinforced material is an excellent and widely applied anti-fragmentation material, and the damage caused by a few fragments generated by the first two parts of materials can be effectively prevented when the fiber composite reinforced material is placed on the last layer; meanwhile, the orthotropic material which is formed by interweaving warps and wefts and is made of the fiber composite reinforced material has a good stress wave diffusing function, and stress on a protected object can be further reduced;
(6) When the broken piece is independently penetrated, firstly, the ceramic passivates and upsets the broken piece, absorbs a certain amount of kinetic energy, and the broken piece enters a metal part, deflects or even breaks under the action of pressure difference, and finally stays in the metal part; at the moment, the anti-elastic layer has certain residual kinetic energy, so that the thin-wall multi-cell structure with the out-of-plane prefabricated defects at the inner side generates little crushing, and finally, certain predicted pressure is generated on the protected object;
(7) When the impact wave is acted on the impact wave alone, the anti-burst layer serves as an explosion-facing panel, impulse of the impact wave is converted into momentum of the anti-burst layer, the momentum is finally acted on the thin-wall multi-cell structure with out-of-plane prefabricated defects in a kinetic energy mode, the structure is crushed, almost all kinetic energy is absorbed, and finally expected pressure is generated on a protected object;
(8) When the composite broken pieces of the shock wave are combined, in most cases, the response time of the structure caused by penetration is far smaller than the response time of the structure caused by the shock wave, the structure firstly generates penetration response, the broken pieces stay in the metal, then the residual kinetic energy of the broken piece resistant layer and the kinetic energy of the broken piece resistant layer imparted by the shock wave act on the thin-wall multi-cell structure with the out-of-plane prefabricated defect together, the structure is crushed, almost all the kinetic energy is absorbed, and finally the expected pressure is generated on the protected object.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite shock wave resistant sheet laminate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the second fracture resistant layer of FIG. 1 formed from a hard metal plate and a soft metal plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the thin-column multicellular structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the structure of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an action mechanism of the anti-fragmentation structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another mechanism of action of the burst resistant structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of pressure applied to the surface of a protected object when the same impact is applied to a conventional multicellular wall structure and the thin-walled multicellular structure with out-of-plane preformed defects of example 1;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a composite shock wave resistant sheet laminate according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a side view of the structure of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a top view of the second fracture resistant layer of FIG. 9 formed from a hard metal plate and a soft metal plate;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the thin-column multicellular structure of FIG. 9;
FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the structure of FIG. 12;
in the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1-homogeneous ceramic plate, 2-hard metal plate, 3-soft metal plate, 4-Bao Zhu multicellular structure, 5-fiber reinforced composite panel.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "outside-in," "inside," "oblique," "spaced," "crossed," "top," and the like indicate an orientation or positional relationship, and are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the components or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention belongs to the field of explosion protection structures, and particularly relates to an impact wave-resistant composite broken piece protection structure for building bridges and human body surfaces.
Specific example 1:
referring to fig. 1-8, the composite shock wave resistant broken sheet laminate of the invention is provided with a broken sheet resistant structure, a shock wave resistant structure and a fiber composite reinforced material layer from outside to inside in sequence;
the anti-breaking structure comprises a first anti-breaking layer formed by a homogeneous ceramic plate 1, and a second anti-breaking layer formed by a hard metal plate 2 and a soft metal plate 3 which are arranged at intervals in an inclined way and are arranged on the inner side of the homogeneous ceramic plate (1); the homogeneous ceramic plate 1 is made of boron carbide (B) 4 C) Boron Nitride (BN), aluminum oxide (Al) 2 O 3 ) Or silicon carbide (SiC) and other materials capable of realizing or achieving corresponding effects are adopted in the protection scope of the technical scheme; the heights of the hard metal plate 2 and the soft metal plate 3 are the same, and the side walls are attached; a large non-vertical inclined included angle is formed between the hard metal plate 2, the soft metal plate 3 and the homogeneous ceramic plate 1; in the embodiment, the hard metal plate 2 and the soft metal plate 3 adopt structures with inclined planes of parallelogram; the anti-fragment structure can effectively prevent fragment penetration and reduce fragment penetration depth；
Wherein, the hard metal plate 2 is made of steel, titanium alloy, chromium-molybdenum steel, nickel-based alloy and tungsten; the soft metal plate 3 is made of various foam metals and porous metal materials; of course, other materials capable of realizing or achieving the corresponding effect are also included in the protection scope of the present technical solution.
The hard metal plate 2 and the soft metal plate 3 are combined by adopting an adhesive or welding mode, specifically, the base materials of the two metal blocks are purchased firstly, then the base materials are processed into a required shape by adopting the technologies of wire cutting, laser cutting, milling, turning and the like, and finally the base materials are connected and combined by adopting the adhesive or welding mode according to the characteristics of the materials;
as shown in fig. 6-7, the shock wave resistant structure adopts a Bao Zhu multicellular structure 4 vertically arranged at the bottom of the second anti-fragmentation layer in an array, and a concave notch is formed at the top of the thin column multicellular structure 4 contacted with the second anti-fragmentation layer; the shock wave resistant part is a thin-wall multi-cell structure with out-of-plane prefabrication defects, corresponding thin-wall multi-cell structure finished products can be purchased directly, and then the defects of prefabrication sine shapes or triangles are performed in a linear cutting or laser cutting mode; the shock wave resistant structure can meet the requirements of absorbing shock waves and resisting residual kinetic energy of broken layers and wave elimination;
the fiber reinforced composite material layer adopts a fiber reinforced composite material panel 5;
the homogeneous ceramic plate 1, the hard metal plate 2, the soft metal plate 3, the Bao Zhu multicellular structure 4 and the fiber reinforced composite material panel 5 are fixedly connected in an adhesive mode; the raw materials adopted for gluing comprise epoxy resin glue, polyurethane glue, acrylic acid glue, silicone glue and bi-component epoxy glue.
Wherein, the fiber reinforced composite material panel 5 is a composite material panel formed by winding, mould pressing or pultrusion of a reinforced fiber material and a matrix material; the reinforced fiber material comprises carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, metal fiber, high molecular polyethylene fiber and carbon nano tube; the matrix material comprises resin, ceramic, cement and rubber; the fiber reinforced composite panel 5 can prevent a small amount of fragments generated by the first two layers of materials from penetrating the protected object and dispersing the stress of the protected object.
According to the invention, the damage of the shock wave composite fragments can be effectively prevented by combining the fragment-resistant structure, the shock wave-resistant structure and the fiber composite reinforced material layer;
the anti-breaking structure is divided into a ceramic layer and a soft-hard inter-metal layer, and the kinetic energy of the breaking piece can be effectively dispersed and absorbed by utilizing the high hardness, brittleness and crack propagation characteristics of the ceramic, so that the head of the breaking piece is abraded and upset, and penetration resistance of the breaking piece is further improved;
the second anti-fragmentation layer with alternately soft and hard layers is formed by the hard metal plate and the soft metal plate, and the two metals with different hardness and inclination angles are proportioned, so that stress on two sides of the fragmentation is unbalanced in the penetration process (the pressure at the hard metal is higher than that at the soft metal), the bullet can deflect and even break effectively without increasing the mass and the volume of the structure, and the kinetic energy in the most dangerous direction of the fragmentation is further dispersed and absorbed, so that the fragmentation stays in the metal layer and is not damaged inwards, thereby reducing and absorbing the kinetic energy in the most dangerous direction of the fragmentation and reducing the fragmentation penetration;
the shock wave-resistant part has the thin-wall multi-cell structure with prefabricated defects, the cell wall structure is mainly in a layer-by-layer collapse deformation mode when in axial compression, the energy absorption efficiency of the structure can be further improved, the excessively high initial peak value is effectively avoided, the wave-absorbing capacity of the structure is improved, the structure has excellent out-of-plane compression capacity and energy absorption characteristics, the out-of-plane prefabricated defects reduce the initial stress area of the structure, the structure does not have the higher initial peak value any more, and the wave-absorbing capacity of the structure is improved
The fiber composite reinforced material is an excellent and widely applied anti-fragmentation material, and the damage caused by a few fragments generated by the first two parts of materials can be effectively prevented when the fiber composite reinforced material is placed on the last layer; meanwhile, the orthotropic material which is formed by interweaving warps and wefts and is made of the fiber composite reinforced material has a good stress wave diffusing function, and stress on a protected object can be further reduced;
when the broken piece is independently penetrated, firstly, the ceramic passivates and upsets the broken piece, absorbs a certain amount of kinetic energy, and the broken piece enters a metal part, deflects or even breaks under the action of pressure difference, and finally stays in the metal part; at the moment, the anti-elastic layer has certain residual kinetic energy, so that the thin-wall multi-cell structure with the out-of-plane prefabricated defects at the inner side generates little crushing, and finally, certain predicted pressure is generated on the protected object;
when the impact wave is acted on the impact wave alone, the anti-burst layer serves as an explosion-facing panel, impulse of the impact wave is converted into momentum of the anti-burst layer, the momentum is finally acted on the thin-wall multi-cell structure with out-of-plane prefabricated defects in a kinetic energy mode, the structure is crushed, almost all kinetic energy is absorbed, and finally expected pressure is generated on a protected object;
when the composite broken pieces of the shock wave are combined, in most cases, the response time of the structure caused by penetration is far smaller than the response time of the structure caused by the shock wave, the structure firstly generates penetration response, the broken pieces stay in the metal, then the residual kinetic energy of the broken piece resistant layer and the kinetic energy of the broken piece resistant layer imparted by the shock wave act on the thin-wall multi-cell structure with the out-of-plane prefabricated defect together, the structure is crushed, almost all the kinetic energy is absorbed, and finally the expected pressure is generated on the protected object.
As shown in fig. 6:
the striking position of the broken piece is completely on soft metal at the moment, (a) is a first stage, the broken piece is abraded and upset under the action of ceramic at the moment, (b) is a second stage, the broken piece starts to penetrate a soft metal target at the moment, (c) is a third stage, the broken piece starts to penetrate a part where soft metal and hard metal exist simultaneously, pressure difference exists around the broken piece due to the metals with different strengths on two sides, the broken piece deflects towards one side (soft metal) with small pressure, and (d) is a fourth stage, the broken piece completely deflects at the moment, and the kinetic energy in the most dangerous direction is obviously reduced;
as shown in fig. 7:
the striking position of the broken piece is completely on hard metal, (a) is a first stage, the broken piece is abraded and upset under the action of ceramic, (b) is a second stage, the broken piece starts to penetrate a hard metal target, (c) is a third stage, the broken piece starts to penetrate a part where soft and hard metals exist simultaneously, pressure difference exists around the broken piece due to metals with different strengths on two sides, the broken piece deflects towards one side (soft metal) with small pressure, (d) is a fourth stage, the broken piece is completely deflected, the kinetic energy in the most dangerous direction is obviously reduced, and secondary deflection can be continued, and the steps (c) - (d) are circulated;
as shown in FIG. 8, the pressure contrast graph of the conventional multicellular wall structure and the thin-walled multicellular structure with out-of-plane prefabricated defects on the surface of the protected object when impacted is obtained by using a 1060-aluminum belt with the thickness of 0.1mm and the density of 0.028g/cm 3 Wherein the height of the cell wall structure is 20mm, the radius is 4mm, and the height of the defect accounts for 20% of the total height.
Specific example 2:
as shown in fig. 9 to 13, this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
correspondingly, the Bao Zhu multicellular structure 4 adopts a round Bao Zhu structure, the top of the structure is provided with concave defects, and the array is arranged;
correspondingly, the hard metal plate 2 and the soft metal plate 3 adopt structures with isosceles trapezoid cross sections.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A composite shock wave resistant broken sheet laminate is characterized in that a broken sheet resistant structure, a shock wave resistant structure and a fiber composite reinforced material layer are sequentially arranged from outside to inside;
the anti-breaking structure comprises a first anti-breaking layer formed by a homogeneous ceramic plate (1), and a second anti-breaking layer formed by hard metal plates (2) and soft metal plates (3) which are arranged on the inner side of the homogeneous ceramic plate (1) in an obliquely and alternately crossed manner;
the anti-shock wave structure adopts an array of Bao Zhu multicellular structures (4) vertically arranged at the bottom of the second anti-breaking layer, and the top of the Bao Zhu multicellular structures (4) contacted with the second anti-breaking layer is provided with a concave notch;
the fiber reinforced composite material layer adopts a fiber reinforced composite material panel (5);
the homogeneous ceramic plate (1), the hard metal plate (2), the soft metal plate (3), the Bao Zhu multicellular structure (4) and the fiber reinforced composite material panel (5) are fixedly connected in an adhesive mode.
2. The composite type shock wave resistant broken sheet laminate according to claim 1, wherein the hard metal plate (2) and the soft metal plate (3) are the same in height, and side walls are attached.
3. A composite shock wave resistant fragment laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the hard metal plate (2), the soft metal plate (3) and the homogeneous ceramic plate (1) form a non-perpendicular large oblique angle.
4. A composite shock wave resistant fragment laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the homogeneous ceramic plate (1) is made of a monolithic material of boron carbide (B 4 C) Boron Nitride (BN), aluminum oxide (Al) 2 O 3 ) Or silicon carbide (SiC).
5. A composite shock wave resistant fragment laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the hard metal plate (2) comprises steel, titanium alloy, chrome molybdenum steel, nickel base alloy, tungsten.
6. A composite shock wave resistant sheet laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the soft metal sheet (3) comprises various foamed metal, porous metal materials.
7. A composite shock wave resistant fragment laminate according to claim 1, wherein the fibre reinforced composite panel (5) is a composite panel formed by a process of winding, mould pressing or pultrusion of a reinforcing fibre material with a matrix material; the reinforced fiber material comprises carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, metal fiber, high molecular polyethylene fiber and carbon nano tube; the matrix material comprises resin, ceramic, cement and rubber.
8. The composite type shock wave resistant broken sheet laminate according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials used for the adhesion comprise epoxy resin glue, polyurethane glue, acrylic glue, silicone glue and bi-component epoxy glue.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311416744.7A CN117601517A (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | Composite shock wave-resistant broken sheet laminate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311416744.7A CN117601517A (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | Composite shock wave-resistant broken sheet laminate |
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| CN117601517A true CN117601517A (en) | 2024-02-27 |
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| CN202311416744.7A Pending CN117601517A (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | Composite shock wave-resistant broken sheet laminate |
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