CN117599260A - 一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117599260A CN117599260A CN202410089666.2A CN202410089666A CN117599260A CN 117599260 A CN117599260 A CN 117599260A CN 202410089666 A CN202410089666 A CN 202410089666A CN 117599260 A CN117599260 A CN 117599260A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫及其制备和应用，属于聚氨酯泡沫材料技术领域。在制备得到聚氨酯泡沫后，通过“后引入”的方法，进行原位还原反应，在泡沫本体均匀分布能够分解活性氧的颗粒物，催化活性氧分解为水和氧气，抑制炎症反应的发生，从而达到抗炎的作用。本发明的具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫材料，适用于心血管领域的封堵填充材料、外科止血材料、以及骨科填充材料等生物医用领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯泡沫材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫及其制备和应用。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫材料作为一种新型的高分子合成材料，多为开孔结构，具有分子结构易设计、性能可调控、机械性能优异的特性，已在日常生活和工农业生产中广泛使用。通过对其进行功能化改性，可以在保持其原有优良性能的同时，赋予其独特的生物学性质，扩大其应用领域。
聚氨酯泡沫性能可调节性极好，例如可通过调节水和发泡剂的含量可调节泡沫的密度，通过硅油泡沫稳定剂的种类和配比调节泡沫的孔径，通过调节软硬段的比例和交联度调节泡沫的软硬程度；选用含有酯键的多元醇可制备可降解的聚氨酯泡沫，选用醚键或碳酸酯键的多元醇可制备具有生物稳定性的聚氨酯泡沫。优秀的调节性能使得聚氨酯泡沫在生物医用领域具有很多的优势，十分适用于生物医用支架材料，细胞易于长入泡沫内部的孔内，通过细胞的分裂分化，细胞外基质的形成，实现组织的填充封堵和再生修复等。
然而，泡沫材料相对人体属于外来物质，在植入体内后，会被大量的炎症细胞浸润，产生促炎型炎症或修复型炎症。促炎型炎症反应中炎症细胞会产生大量的酶、活性氧等物质，试图分解植入的泡沫材料，造成泡沫材料的降解破坏；修复型炎症反应则会促进细胞的分裂分化，促进细胞外基质的分泌，进而促进组织的再生修复等。因此，对泡沫材料施加抗炎功能，诱导炎症反应从促炎型向修复型转变，对于泡沫材料的体内使用以及组织的再生修复是十分有益的。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点和不足，本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫及其制备和应用，以解决现有医用聚氨酯泡沫材料植入人体后，产生促炎型炎症，分解植入的泡沫材料，造成植入物被破坏的问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：提供一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫，包括聚氨酯泡沫基底，聚氨酯泡沫基底上负载有清除活性氧的颗粒物，清除活性氧的颗粒物为硒颗粒或铈颗粒。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明在聚氨酯泡沫材料中添加了能够清除活性氧的颗粒物，抑制泡沫材料植入人体后产生的促炎型炎症，使泡沫材料发挥抗炎的功能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）聚氨酯泡沫制备：将多元醇、抗氧化剂和二异氰酸酯混合，得预聚体，然后向预聚体中加入催化剂、硅油、发泡剂和水，并进行聚合发泡，制得泡沫材料；
（2）聚氨酯泡沫抗炎改性：将步骤（1）中制备好的泡沫材料浸没在离子溶液中6-48小时，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗5-10分钟，再浸没在还原剂溶液中6-48小时，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗5-10分钟，在泡沫本体材料中原位还原形成具有清除活性氧的颗粒物；离子溶液为亚硒酸钠溶液或六水硝酸铈溶液；还原剂溶液为维生素溶液或氢氧化铵溶液。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进：
进一步，多元醇、抗氧化剂、水、二异氰酸酯、催化剂、硅油和发泡剂的质量之比为10-60:0-30:0.5-5:30-80:0.1-5:1-15:0-15。
进一步，多元醇为聚己内酯二元醇、聚乳酸二元醇、聚乙醇酸二元醇、聚己内酯三元醇、聚乳酸三元醇、聚乙醇酸三元醇、聚己内酯四元醇、聚乳酸四元醇、聚乙醇酸四元醇、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚六亚甲基醚二元醇、丁二醇、丙二醇、三乙醇胺、羟丙基乙二胺、甘油、季戊四醇、三羟甲基乙烷和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷中的至少一种。
进一步，抗氧化剂为维生素C、4-氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、姜黄素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和儿茶素中的至少一种。
进一步，二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、氢化甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯和赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
进一步，催化剂为有机锡类催化剂和有机胺类催化剂的混合物。
进一步，发泡剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和丙酮的一种或者多种的混合物。
进一步，离子溶液的浓度为1~50mg/ml；还原剂溶液的浓度为1~50mg/ml。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫在制备心血管封堵填充材料中的应用。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1.本发明通过原位还原的方法在泡沫本体材料中制备了具有分解活性氧功能的颗粒物，例如硒颗粒，铈颗粒。具有清除活性氧的颗粒物会催化活性氧分解为水和氧气，且本身不会被消耗，具有长期的抗炎功能。同时原位还原这种“后引入”的方法，可以使颗粒物在泡沫本体分布更均匀，避开了颗粒物对泡沫合成过程的不利影响，能够适用多种类型的泡沫材料，局限性较小。
2.本发明大大减轻了泡沫材料用在生物医用领域的不良反应，适用于心血管领域的封堵填充材料、外科止血材料、以及骨科填充材料等生物医用领域，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
附图说明
图1为活性氧清除试验结果；
图2为巨噬细胞试验的巨噬细胞染色结果；
图3为巨噬细胞试验的TNF-α定量检测结果（ELISA法）；
图4为巨噬细胞试验的IL-1β定量检测结果（ELISA法）；
图5为皮下植入试验组织切片结果（HE染色）。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
以下为具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫材料基本配方：
其中多元醇为聚己内酯二元醇、聚乳酸二元醇、聚乙醇酸二元醇、聚己内酯三元醇、聚乳酸三元醇、聚乙醇酸三元醇、聚己内酯四元醇、聚乳酸四元醇、聚乙醇酸四元醇、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚六亚甲基醚二元醇、丁二醇、丙二醇、三乙醇胺、羟丙基乙二胺、甘油、季戊四醇、三羟甲基乙烷和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷中的至少一种。
其中抗氧化剂为维生素C、4-氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、姜黄素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和儿茶素中的至少一种。
其中二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、氢化甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯和赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
其中催化剂为有机锡类催化剂和有机胺类催化剂的混合物。
其中发泡剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和丙酮中的至少一种。
其中离子溶液为亚硒酸钠溶液（1-50mg/ml）或六水硝酸铈（1-50mg/ml），配置这种溶液的溶剂为：水、乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、丙酮和氢氧化钠溶液中的至少一种。
其中还原剂溶液为维生素溶液（1-50mg/ml）或氢氧化铵溶液（1-50mg/ml），配置这种溶液的溶剂为：水、乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、丙酮和氢氧化钠溶液中的至少一种。
实施例1
一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫，包括聚氨酯泡沫基底，聚氨酯泡沫基底上负载有清除活性氧的硒颗粒。
本实施例中的具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫经过以下步骤制得：
（1）聚氨酯泡沫制备：按照重量份数计，取用以下原料：聚乳酸三元醇40份，三乙醇胺2份，维生素C 10份，水2.3份，六亚甲基二异氰酸酯40份，质量比为7:6的辛酸亚锡和有机叔胺的混合物1.3份，硅油（VORASURF DC5043）4.1份，二氯甲烷0.3份，通过以下两步法聚合发泡制备；
1）将聚乳酸三元醇、三乙醇胺、维生素C和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合60min，制备得到预聚体；
2）将预聚体与剩余的其他组分充分搅拌，混合时间30s，均匀混合后进行聚合发泡，发泡时间5min，得到聚氨酯泡沫材料。
（2）聚氨酯泡沫抗炎改性：将制备好的泡沫材料浸没在亚硒酸钠溶液（10mg/ml）溶液中24h，亚硒酸钠溶液的溶剂为水和异丙醇质量比1:1的混合物，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗10min；然后再浸没在维生素C溶液（10mg/ml）中48h，维生素C溶液的溶剂为水和异丙醇质量比1:1的混合物，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗10min，在泡沫本体材料中原位还原形成具有清除活性氧的硒颗粒物，记为泡沫1。
实施例2
一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫，包括聚氨酯泡沫基底，聚氨酯泡沫基底上负载有清除活性氧的铈颗粒。
本实施例中的具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫经过以下步骤制得：
（1）聚氨酯泡沫制备：按照重量份数计，取用以下原料：聚己内酯二元醇50份，三乙醇胺2份，姜黄素5份，水2.1份，六亚甲基二异氰酸酯35份，质量比为2:1的辛酸亚锡和有机叔胺的混合物1.5份，硅油（VORASURF DC5043）3.9份，三氯甲烷0.5份，通过以下两步法聚合发泡制备；
1）将聚己内酯二元醇、三乙醇胺、姜黄素和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合60min，制备得到预聚体；
2）将预聚体与剩余的其他组分充分搅拌，混合时间30s，均匀混合后进行聚合发泡，发泡时间3min，得到聚氨酯泡沫材料。
（2）聚氨酯泡沫抗炎改性：将制备好的泡沫材料浸没在六水硝酸铈溶液（5mg/ml）溶液中18h，六水硝酸铈溶液的溶剂为水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺质量比1:1的混合物，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗10min；然后再浸没在氢氧化铵溶液（5mg/ml）中48h时，氢氧化铵溶液的溶剂为水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺质量比1:1的混合物，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗10min，在泡沫本体材料中原位还原形成具有清除活性氧的铈颗粒物，记为泡沫2。
实施例3
一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫，包括聚氨酯泡沫基底，聚氨酯泡沫基底上负载有清除活性氧的硒颗粒。
本实施例中的具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫经过以下步骤制得：
（1）聚氨酯泡沫制备：按照重量份数计，取用以下原料：聚乙二醇45份，丙二醇2份，水2.5份，六亚甲基二异氰酸酯45份，质量比为7:6的辛酸亚锡和有机叔胺的混合物1.3份，硅油（VORASURF DC5043）4.2份，通过以下两步法聚合发泡制备；
1）将聚乙二醇、丙二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合60min，制备得到预聚体；
2）将预聚体与剩余的其他组分充分搅拌，混合时间30s，均匀混合后进行聚合发泡，发泡时间10min，得到聚氨酯泡沫材料。
（2）聚氨酯泡沫抗炎改性：将制备好的泡沫材料浸没在亚硒酸钠溶液（20mg/ml）溶液中12h，亚硒酸钠溶液的溶剂为水和异丙醇质量比1:1的混合物，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗10min；然后再浸没在维生素C溶液（20mg/ml）中36h，维生素C溶液的溶剂为水和异丙醇质量比1:1的混合物，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗10min，在泡沫本体材料中原位还原形成具有清除活性氧的硒颗粒物。
对比例1
一种聚氨酯泡沫，按照以下步骤制得：
（1）按照重量份数计，取用以下原料：聚乳酸三元醇40份，三乙醇胺2份，维生素C10份，水2.3份，六亚甲基二异氰酸酯40份，质量比为7:6的辛酸亚锡和有机叔胺的混合物1.3份，硅油（VORASURF DC5043）4.1份，二氯甲烷0.3份，通过以下两步法聚合发泡制备；
（2）将聚乳酸三元醇、三乙醇胺、维生素C和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合60min，得到预聚体；
（3）将预聚体与剩余的其他组分充分搅拌，混合时间30s，均匀混合后进行聚合发泡，发泡时间5min，得到聚氨酯泡沫材料，记为泡沫3。
对比例2
一种聚氨酯泡沫，按照以下步骤制得：
（1）按照重量份数计，取用以下原料：聚己内酯二元醇50份，三乙醇胺2份，姜黄素5份，水2.1份，六亚甲基二异氰酸酯35份，质量比为3:2的辛酸亚锡和有机叔胺的混合物1.5份，硅油（VORASURF DC5043）3.9份，三氯甲烷0.5份，通过以下两步法聚合发泡制备；
（2）将聚己内酯二元醇、三乙醇胺、姜黄素和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合60min，制备得到预聚体；
（3）将预聚体与剩余的其他组分充分搅拌，混合时间30s，均匀混合后进行聚合发泡，发泡时间3min，得到聚氨酯泡沫材料，记为泡沫4。
实验例
活性氧是细胞生命活动必不缺少的活性物质，是生命系统中可以被识别的信号分子或调节分子，参与生物体内一系列正常生理过程，包括血压调节、免疫反应、氧感应、基因表达和细胞生长等。正常条件下，生物体具有良好的调节系统来维持活性氧水平的稳定，即它们的产生和清除是处于动态平衡的。在生命系统中，清除过多的活性氧是一个重要的防御机制，每个细胞都有抗氧化机制，可分为酶或非酶的抗氧化机制，细胞内活性氧水平的升高会使得抗氧化系统受损从而打破这种动态平衡，破坏蛋白质、核酸和脂质的结构和功能并导致组织功能障碍和细胞死亡。经典活化的巨噬细胞（M1型巨噬细胞）释放趋化因子和活性的氧化剂诱导组织损伤，这些趋化因子和氧化剂通过外源性途径（线粒体不依赖）和内源性途径（线粒体依赖）激活半脱天冬酶，最终诱导细胞程序性死。组织损伤的治疗过程中，调节损伤微环境、降低活性氧的浓度至正常水平，将有利于加速组织损伤的修复进程。因此，赋予泡沫材料抗炎功能的方法之一是在泡沫材料中掺入具有清除活性氧功能的物质，使泡沫材料发挥抗炎的功能。
以下通过几个试验验证本发明的聚氨酯泡沫材料能够清除活性氧，具有抗炎的功能。实施例1-3所得到的聚氨酯泡沫材料性能类似，选用实施例1、实施例2和对比例1、对比例2进行分析对比。
活性氧清除试验：
首先配制0.1mM的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH），即称取0.002g溶解在50mL无水乙醇中，避光备用。配制0.5mg/mL的维生素C作为阳性对照，PBS作为阴性对照。
对照组：分别取100uL维生素C和PBS，分别加入100uL DPPH溶液，混匀。
试验组：将泡沫材料放入DPPH溶液中，泡沫体积和溶液的比例是1cm3/ml。
室温避光孵育0.5h，取100uL溶液置于96孔板中于517nm处检测吸光度。从图1可以看出，负载了硒颗粒和铈颗粒的泡沫可以有效的清除活性氧自由基，与空白PBS组相比，活性氧自由基显著下降了40%和50%。
巨噬细胞试验：
取小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW 264.7细胞于96孔板孵育24h，然后用1μg/mL 脂多糖（LPS）刺激细胞2h，然后换成不含LPS的培养基培养细胞，并加入灭菌后的泡沫材料，材料为原片状，厚度2-3mm，直径与孔的直径匹配，再孵育24h后，用罗丹明标记的鬼笔环肽和4',6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色RAW 264.7细胞的细胞骨架和细胞核，然后用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM) (Leica TCS SP5，德国)观察染色后的RAW 264.7细胞。收集RAW 264.7细胞培养上清，采用ELISA法检测TNF-α和IL-1β两种炎症因子。
从图2结果看，经过LPS处理后，巨噬细胞被明显激活，体积变大并出现了伪足，泡沫3和泡沫4没有抗氧化抗炎的功能，因此巨噬细胞也呈现出激活的状态。泡沫1和泡沫2由于负载了硒颗粒和铈颗粒，巨噬细胞明显没有激活，没有明显的伪足出现，说明泡沫1和泡沫2可以缓解由于LPS导致的炎症巨噬细胞的激活，具有明显的抗炎作用。
从图3和图4的结果看，通过测量细胞分泌的炎性细胞因子来确定细胞的激活状态，LPS处理后，TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌明显增加，由于TNF-α和IL-1β是典型的炎症细胞因子，上述结果提示巨噬细胞的激活。泡沫1和泡沫2处理后炎症因子的分泌减少，说明泡沫1和泡沫2由于负载了硒颗粒和铈颗粒，均能抑制巨噬细胞炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的激活水平，具有抗炎功能。
皮下植入试验：
选取体重约200g的Sprague-Dawley大鼠进行皮下植入试验，适应1周后进行手术。在手术部位剃须后，用水合氯醛麻醉SD大鼠。然后在背部做10mm长的切口，植入灭菌后的泡沫样品(2.0cm×1.0cm×0.5cm)，然后缝合切口。术后第30天对大鼠实施安乐死，收集泡沫材料周围软组织，采用多聚甲醛固定，苏木精、伊红(H&E)染色。
在第30天对周围组织进行H&E染色，体内试验结果如图5所示，泡沫3和泡沫4没有抗氧化抗炎的功能，周围组织内有明显的炎症细胞浸润，相比之下，泡沫1和泡沫2由于负载了硒颗粒和铈颗粒，炎症细胞的浸润明显减少，这表明泡沫1和泡沫2引起的炎症反应明显降低，具有优异的体内抗炎性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫，其特征在于：包括聚氨酯泡沫基底，所述聚氨酯泡沫基底上负载有清除活性氧的颗粒物，所述清除活性氧的颗粒物为硒颗粒或铈颗粒。
2.权利要求1所述的具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1）聚氨酯泡沫制备：将多元醇、抗氧化剂和二异氰酸酯混合，得预聚体，然后向预聚体中加入催化剂、硅油、发泡剂和水，并进行聚合发泡，制得泡沫材料；
（2）聚氨酯泡沫抗炎改性：将步骤（1）中制备好的泡沫材料浸没在离子溶液中6-48小时，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗5-10分钟，再浸没在还原剂溶液中6-48小时，然后在去离子水中挤压清洗5-10分钟，在泡沫本体材料中原位还原形成具有清除活性氧的颗粒物；所述离子溶液为亚硒酸钠溶液或六水硝酸铈溶液；所述还原剂溶液为维生素溶液或氢氧化铵溶液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述多元醇、抗氧化剂、水、二异氰酸酯、催化剂、硅油和发泡剂的质量之比为10-60:0-30:0.5-5:30-80:0.1-5:1-15:0-15。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述多元醇为聚己内酯二元醇、聚乳酸二元醇、聚乙醇酸二元醇、聚己内酯三元醇、聚乳酸三元醇、聚乙醇酸三元醇、聚己内酯四元醇、聚乳酸四元醇、聚乙醇酸四元醇、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚六亚甲基醚二元醇、丁二醇、丙二醇、三乙醇胺、羟丙基乙二胺、甘油、季戊四醇、三羟甲基乙烷和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述抗氧化剂为维生素C、4-氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、姜黄素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和儿茶素中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、氢化甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯和赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述催化剂为有机锡类催化剂和有机胺类催化剂的混合物。
8.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述发泡剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和丙酮中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述离子溶液的浓度为1~50mg/ml；所述还原剂溶液的浓度为1~50mg/ml。
10.权利要求1所述的具有抗炎功能的医用聚氨酯泡沫在制备心血管封堵填充材料中的应用。
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