CN117595465B - Active equalization circuit of battery pack and protection system thereof - Google Patents
Active equalization circuit of battery pack and protection system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117595465B CN117595465B CN202410071235.3A CN202410071235A CN117595465B CN 117595465 B CN117595465 B CN 117595465B CN 202410071235 A CN202410071235 A CN 202410071235A CN 117595465 B CN117595465 B CN 117595465B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007175 bidirectional communication Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100489717 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) GND2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of battery safety application monitoring, in particular to an active equalization circuit of a battery pack and a protection system thereof. The system comprises an MCU unit, a power supply side control circuit, an isolation interaction circuit and a battery side control circuit; the protection scheme of hardware in the complete active equalization process is provided, so that the failure in the current active equalization process is reduced, and the complexity of a circuit is reduced. The active equalization function can be executed on the multi-string battery pack, and the single batteries in the battery pack are charged or discharged, so that the service life of the battery pack is prolonged; the power supply side is provided with overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection; the battery side is provided with a protection circuit for balancing overcurrent, undercurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage, which is connected to the active balancing loop battery; the function of monitoring the internal temperature of the internal product in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery safety application monitoring, in particular to an active equalization circuit of a battery pack and a protection system thereof.
Background
The rapid development of new energy fields such as electric automobiles and energy storage power stations enables a large number of electrochemical batteries such as lithium ion power batteries or lead-acid batteries to be applied. The battery energy is transferred fast, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the capacity of the whole battery is improved. The balance environment of the existing battery is met, the battery is charged and discharged, and the stable and safe transfer of the battery energy is ensured. For safe and effective operation of the battery, the battery is mainly detected and managed by a battery management module.
The current battery management module detects the channel selection switch before active equalization is started. In the active equalization process, references are provided for the protection of the overvoltage and the undervoltage of the voltage of the battery of the monitoring unit, the protection of the overcurrent and the undercurrent of the active equalization current, the temperature monitoring of the equalization MOS tube and the transformer, and the synchronous provision of the voltage of the battery of the unit and the sampling value of the active equalization current. And when abnormality occurs, fault information can be collected, so that the analysis of the abnormality is facilitated. And detecting current monitoring of the battery energy transfer power supply side in the active equalization process, and protecting the battery side from being influenced by abnormality of the power supply side. Through the register configuration, the balanced currents of several different gears can be realized. The active equalization process is protected to be carried out safely, and the capacity of the battery is transferred stably.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a protection system of an active equalization circuit of a battery pack, which provides a complete set of protection scheme of hardware in the active equalization process, reduces failure in the current active equalization and reduces complexity of the circuit. The active equalization function can be executed on the multi-string battery pack, and the single batteries in the battery pack are charged or discharged, so that the service life of the battery pack is prolonged; the power supply side is provided with overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection; the battery side is provided with a protection circuit for balancing overcurrent, undercurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage, which is connected to the active balancing loop battery; the function of monitoring the internal temperature of the internal product in real time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The protection system of the battery pack active equalization circuit comprises an MCU unit, a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, an isolation interaction circuit and a battery side monitoring circuit U2; wherein:
The MCU unit is communicated with the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, the information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is collected through the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, and active equalization is started through the power supply side monitoring circuit U1;
the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 supplies power to the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the isolation interaction circuit, receives information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2, and synchronously transmits the information to the MCU together with the information after summarizing; the driving equalization circuit performs an active equalization function and realizes overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection of a power supply side;
The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 drives the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the isolation interaction circuit; feeding back information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 to the power supply side monitoring circuit U1; the information interaction between the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is realized;
The information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is transmitted to the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through the isolation interaction circuit; the battery side monitoring circuit U2 monitors the internal temperature of the active equalization circuit, has the over-current, under-current, over-voltage and under-voltage protection functions of the battery side, and the external battery matrix switch controller has the function of connecting the single battery to the equalization circuit.
Preferably, the MCU unit is composed of an ARM architecture with UART serial communication and a RISC-V architecture singlechip, and UART communication pins of the singlechip are connected to UART communication pins of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1.
Preferably, the isolation interaction circuit comprises a rectification voltage doubling circuit T1, a first optical coupler U3, a second optical coupler U4, a third optical coupler U5 and a fourth optical coupler U6;
the HB pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 improves the power supply for the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the rectification voltage doubling circuit T1, and meets the power supply range of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 from 10V to 21V;
The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 is electrically connected with relevant pins of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through a first optical coupler U3, a second optical coupler U4, a third optical coupler U5 and a fourth optical coupler U6, and a communication interaction and signal feedback circuit of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is established.
Preferably, in the power supply side monitoring circuit U1: the power supply is obtained through the VCC pin and the GND pin, and the input voltage can be an external direct-current voltage source of 9 to 36V; the voltage 5V is output through a VDD pin, and power is supplied to the first optical coupler U3, the second optical coupler U4, the third optical coupler U5 and the fourth optical coupler U6 of the isolation interactive circuit after resistors are connected in series; when the supply voltage is more than 12V and the output of the VDDH pin is 12V, when the supply voltage is less than 12V, the output of the VDDH pin is equal to the supply voltage, and the pins HB/GP/GS are driven;
In the battery side monitoring circuit U2: a direct current voltage source with input voltage of 10 to 21V is obtained through pins VCC and GND to supply power; the voltage 5V is output through the VDD pin, and the series resistor supplies power for the first optical coupler U3, the second optical coupler U4, the third optical coupler U5 and the fourth optical coupler U6 of the isolation interaction circuit.
Preferably, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 includes an RXM pin, a TXM pin, a FaultOUT pin, a FaultIN pin, an RXS pin, and a TXS pin, wherein:
The RXM pin and TXM pin are used as the interactive pins of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the MCU unit, can perform UART bidirectional communication, receive and process the equalization control instruction from the MCU unit, and feed back whether the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 are in a protection triggering state currently or not to the MCU unit, namely, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 detects overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection of the power supply side, and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 detects overcurrent, undercurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection and protection of the internal environment over temperature;
The FaultOUT pin functions are that a power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and a battery side monitoring circuit U2 are output to protect trigger signals, a low-level signal is output through the pin, and a corresponding pin of the MCU unit is provided with a level trigger interrupt to realize judgment of a program;
the FaultIN pin is connected with the FaultOUT pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the optocoupler U4 in the isolation interaction circuit, and has the functions of receiving the protection information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2, namely, when the protection is needed, the FaultOUT pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 outputs a low-level signal, the received signal cuts off the equalization action of the equalization circuit and stores the equalization action into the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, and when the MCU unit acquires information, the equalization action is transmitted to the MCU unit;
The RXS pin and the TXS pin are respectively connected with the TXS pin and the RXS pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through a third optocoupler U5 and a fourth optocoupler U6 in the isolation interactive circuit, so that the electric side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 perform UARY bidirectional communication, and information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is forwarded to the MCU unit; the battery side monitoring circuit U2 receives information such as the unit battery to be equalized, the equalized current value, the protection value, and the like.
Preferably, the supply side monitoring circuit U1 further includes an HB pin, a GS pin, a GP pin, a VS pin, and a CS pin, where:
The HB pin is used for outputting PWM waveforms with the frequency of 153kHz, the minimum driving capacity of current 1A and the duty ratio of 50%;
the GS pin and the GP pin have the functions of 153KH of the outputtable frequency, 1A of the minimum driving capability and 8-95% of the duty ratio according to the input adjustment range of the COMP pin, so that the balanced current of the balanced circuit reaches the requirement of a set value of 2A; when the single battery is subjected to equalizing charge, the GP pin outputs PWM waveforms firstly, the duty ratio is continuously increased along with the rising of the voltage value of the COMP pin, the equalizing current is regulated to reach a set value, the GS is output continuously, the duty ratio is continuously increased, and the state of complementation with the duty ratio of the PWM waveforms output by the GP is regulated to meet the dead time, so that the equalizing efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced; in contrast, when the single battery is subjected to balanced discharge, the GS pin outputs a PWM waveform first, and the GS pin outputs the PWM waveform and forms complementation.
The VS pin functions are undervoltage and overvoltage protection detection of a power supply side, VP point voltage is input by an external direct current power supply of a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, the VP point voltage is connected with a VS pin after being connected with a resistor R1 in series, the VS pin is connected with a GND after being connected with a resistor R2 in series, when the voltage of the VS pin is detected to be lower than a low voltage protection value, the low voltage protection value range is between 0.15 and 0.9V or more, the undervoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, when the voltage of the detected pin is higher than a high voltage protection value, the high voltage protection value range is between 1.65 and 2.4V or less, the overvoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are used as conditioning resistors, and the resistance values are 30kohm and 2.4kohm respectively; for example: the voltage value of the VS pin is equal to (VP point voltage x R2)/(R1+R2); the default setting voltage is smaller than 0.9V to trigger under-voltage protection, and under-voltage protection occurs when the voltage of the VS pin is 0.89V and the voltage of the VP point voltage is 12V; the default setting voltage is larger than 2.4V to trigger overvoltage protection, and when the voltage of the VP point is 32.5V and the voltage of the VS pin is 2.41V, the overvoltage protection is generated by the power supply side monitoring circuit U1;
The CS pin is used for detecting whether the current exceeds the normal working requirement in the equalizing process of the external direct current power supply input; the power supply side overcurrent sampling resistor RA1 is 200mohm, and the voltage detection of the overcurrent sampling resistor is set to be larger than a protection value (such as 500 mV), so that overcurrent protection is triggered; for example, the over-sampling resistor voltage is detected as 600mV, i.e. there is a current of 3A, triggering over-current protection.
Preferably, the battery-side monitoring circuit U2 includes FaultOUT pins, CSP pins, CSN pins, vcell pins, and GA1 pins to GA12 pins, wherein:
The FaultOUT pin functions are that when the battery side monitoring circuit U2 obtains protection trigger information, a low-level signal is output through the pin, and is transmitted to a FaultIN pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through an optical coupler U3 in the isolation interaction circuit, so that the function of balanced stopping is realized;
CSP pin and CSN pin function is active equalization current overcurrent and undercurrent protection detection, low level signal is output through FaultOUT pin and is transmitted to the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 closes the output of GP and GS, and equalization stopping operation is realized; the equalizing loop sampling resistor RA2 is 10mohm, the standard equalizing current is 2A, namely the standard sampling resistor voltage value Vis_fb is 20mV, the overcurrent protection value is set to be 103-150% greater than the standard sampling resistor voltage value, overcurrent protection is triggered when the overcurrent protection value is greater than the standard sampling resistor voltage value, the undercurrent protection value is set to be 50-97% of the standard sampling resistor voltage value, and undercurrent protection is triggered when the undercurrent protection value is less than the standard sampling resistor voltage value. For example, setting the voltage value to be more than 30mV triggers the overcurrent protection, and when the balanced current reaches 3.5A, namely the voltage value of the sampling resistor is 35mV, the overcurrent protection is triggered; setting less than 10mV triggers the undercurrent protection, and when the balanced current reaches 0.5A, namely the voltage value of the sampling resistor is 5mV, the undercurrent protection is triggered. Meanwhile, when the voltage value of the standard sampling resistor is not reached, the voltage of the COMP pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is regulated to be between 0V and 5V, and is transmitted to the COMP pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through the optical coupler U3, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 regulates the duty ratio of PWM waveforms of GP and GS from 8% to 95% according to the voltage value of the COMP pin, and a power supply circuit of the equalizing circuit is controlled to enable the equalizing loop current to reach the value of Vis_fb/sampling resistor=2A equalizing current;
The function of the Vcell pin is that the undervoltage and overvoltage protection of a single battery is detected, vcell_fb is the input of the single battery at the battery side, wherein the voltage of the Vcell_fb point is connected with the Vcell pin after being connected with a resistor R3 in series, the Vcell pin is connected with GND2 after being connected with a resistor R4 in series, when the voltage of the Vcell pin is detected to be lower than a low voltage protection value, the low voltage protection value ranges from more than or equal to 0.2 to less than or equal to 2.0V, the undervoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, when the voltage of the detected pin is higher than a high voltage protection value, the high voltage protection value ranges from more than or equal to 1.0 to less than or equal to 2.5V, the overvoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, wherein R3 and R4 are taken as conditioning resistors, and the resistance values are respectively 10kohm and 10kohm; for example: the Vcell pin voltage value is equal to (vcell_fb point voltage×r4)/(r3+r4); triggering under-voltage protection when the default setting voltage is smaller than 0.3V, and triggering under-voltage protection when the voltage input of the single battery is 0.42V and the voltage of a Vcell pin is 0.21V; the default setting voltage is larger than 2.5V to trigger overvoltage protection, and when the voltage input of the single battery is 5.2V and the voltage of the Vcell pin is 2.6V, the overvoltage protection is triggered.
The functions of the GA1 pin and the GA12 pin are the output of a battery switch matrix control circuit, and single switches are controlled through the pins to connect the single batteries of the battery pack into an equalization circuit, so that bidirectional equalization of the single batteries in the battery pack, namely the process of charging or discharging the single batteries, is realized.
The invention further discloses a battery pack active equalization circuit system, which comprises a battery switch matrix control circuit, an equalization circuit and a protection system of the battery pack active equalization circuit, wherein the battery switch matrix control circuit is connected to the equalization circuit through the protection system.
Preferably, the battery switch matrix control circuit comprises a matrix switch composed of driving voltage and MOS tubes of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, and the MOS tubes of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are controlled to be closed corresponding to the driving voltage output voltage of the single battery, so that the single battery can be connected to the active equalization circuit for equalization.
Preferably, the equalization circuit is a flyback equalization circuit scheme, in the equalization process, the battery side monitoring circuit U2 connects single batteries in the battery pack into a loop through matrix selection, and the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 adjusts duty ratios of GP and GS according to CSN and CSP input amounts of the battery side monitoring circuit U2, so that an active equalization battery circuit is realized.
The invention further discloses a battery system, and the battery system adopts the equalization circuit system.
The invention adopts the technical proposal and has the following characteristics:
1. the protection scheme of hardware in a complete active equalization process is provided, so that the failure in the current active equalization process is reduced, and the complexity of a circuit is reduced;
2. The system ensures the safety and reliability of the equalization process in multiple aspects, and is favorable for the analysis of the SOC and SOH of the battery;
3. monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of the battery side and the voltage and current of the power supply side in the active equalization process respectively, and performing real-time sampling and dynamic protection, particularly for transient variation values;
4. the optimization of the implementation circuit is performed by the current active equalization scheme, a more powerful integrated circuit is introduced, protection measures are integrated, and more comprehensive protection measures of active equalization are ensured.
In summary, the circuit design of the present invention is an active equalization scheme for a multi-string battery. The active equalization function can be executed on the multi-string battery pack, and the single batteries in the battery pack are charged or discharged, so that the service life of the battery pack is prolonged; the power supply side is provided with overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection; the battery side is provided with a protection circuit for balancing overcurrent, undercurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage, which is connected to the active balancing loop battery; the function of monitoring the internal temperature of the internal product in real time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the connection of the components of the protection system to the equalization circuit.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the connection of an active equalization circuit to a battery pack and external power source.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the connection of multiple active equalization circuits to a battery pack and external power source.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the protection system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the switch matrix control when 3 single batteries are used.
Detailed Description
In the following, an overview and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be given in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Given the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing connection between a battery pack active equalization circuit protection system and an equalization circuit, wherein the protection system comprises an MCU unit, a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, an isolation interaction circuit and a battery side monitoring circuit U2.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing connection between an active equalization circuit and a battery pack and between an active equalization circuit and an external power supply, wherein the active equalization circuit is composed of an MCU unit, an equalization circuit, a power supply side monitor circuit U1, an isolation interaction circuit, a battery side monitor circuit U2, and a battery switch matrix control circuit (not shown in fig. 2). The external direct current power supply is in bidirectional connection with the equalization circuit, and supplies power to the MCU unit and the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, and the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 are connected with the equalization circuit. Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing connection of a plurality of active equalization circuits to a battery pack and an external power supply.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, a protection system of a battery pack active equalization circuit comprises an MCU unit, a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, an isolation interaction circuit and a battery side monitoring circuit U2; wherein:
The MCU unit is communicated with the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, the information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is collected through the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, and active equalization is started through the power supply side monitoring circuit U1;
The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 supplies power to the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the isolation interaction circuit, receives information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2, and synchronously transmits the information and the information to the MCU after summarizing; the driving equalization circuit performs an active equalization function and realizes overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection of a power supply side;
The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 drives the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the isolation interaction circuit; feeding back information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 to the power supply side monitoring circuit U1; the information interaction between the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is realized;
The battery side monitoring circuit U2, and the information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is transmitted to the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through the isolation interaction circuit; the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is externally arranged with a battery matrix switch controller, can connect the single battery in the battery pack to the equalizing circuit, and realize the over-current, under-current, over-voltage and under-voltage protection of the battery side, and monitor the internal temperature of the active equalizing circuit (via TEMP pins).
The MCU unit is composed of an ARM architecture with UART serial communication, a RISC-V architecture single-chip microcomputer, and UART communication pins of the single-chip microcomputer are connected to UART communication pins of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1. The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 may employ chips GT3801, GT4801.
As shown in fig. 4, the isolation interaction circuit includes components such as a rectification voltage doubling circuit T1, a first optocoupler U3, a second optocoupler U4, a third optocoupler U5, and a fourth optocoupler U6;
the HB pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 improves the power supply for the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the rectification voltage doubling circuit T1, and meets the power supply range of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 from 10V to 21V;
The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 are electrically connected through components such as a first optical coupler U3, a second optical coupler U4, a third optical coupler U5, a fourth optical coupler U6 and the like through relevant pins, and a communication interaction and signal feedback circuit of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is established.
As shown in fig. 4, in the power supply side monitoring circuit U1: the power supply is obtained through pins VCC and GND, and the input voltage can be an external direct-current voltage source of 9 to 36V; the voltage 5V is output through a VDD pin, and power is supplied to a first optical coupler U3, a second optical coupler U4, a third optical coupler U5 and a fourth optical coupler U6 of the isolation interaction circuit after resistors are connected in series; when the supply voltage is more than 12V and the output of the VDDH pin is 12V, when the supply voltage is less than 12V, the output of the VDDH pin is equal to the supply voltage, and the pins HB/GP/GS are driven;
in the battery side monitoring circuit U2: a direct current voltage source with input voltage of 10 to 21V is obtained through pins VCC and GND to supply power; the voltage 5V is output through the VDD pin, and the series resistor supplies power for the first optical coupler U3, the second optical coupler U4, the third optical coupler U5 and the fourth optical coupler U6 of the isolation interaction circuit.
As shown in fig. 4, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 includes RXM, TXM, faultOUT, faultIN, RXS and TXS pins, where:
The RXM and TXM pin functions are pins of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the MCU unit, can perform bidirectional communication of the UART, receive and process an equalization control instruction from the MCU unit, and feed back whether the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 are in a protection triggering state currently or not to the MCU unit, namely, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 detects overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection of the power supply side, and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 detects overcurrent, undercurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection and protection of the internal environment over temperature;
The FaultOUT pin functions are that a power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and a battery side monitoring circuit U2 are output to protect trigger signals, a low-level signal is output through the pin, and a corresponding pin of the MCU unit is provided with a level trigger interrupt to realize judgment of a program;
the FaultIN pin is connected with the FaultOUT pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the optocoupler U4 in the isolation interaction circuit, and has the functions of receiving the protection information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2, namely, when the protection is needed, the FaultOUT pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 outputs a low-level signal, the received signal cuts off the equalization action of the equalization circuit and stores the equalization action into the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, and when the MCU unit acquires information, the equalization action is transmitted to the MCU unit;
the RXS and TXS pins are respectively connected with TXS and RXS pins of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through optocouplers U5 and U6 in the isolation interactive circuit, so that the battery side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 perform UARY bidirectional communication, and information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is forwarded to the MCU; the battery side monitoring circuit U2 receives information such as the unit battery to be equalized, the equalized current value, the protection value, and the like.
As shown in fig. 4, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 further includes HB, GS, GP, VS and CS pins, where:
The HB pin is used for outputting PWM waveform with fixed frequency of 153kHz, duty ratio of 50% and minimum driving capability of current 1A;
The GS and GP pins have the functions of 153KH of the outputtable frequency, 1A of the minimum driving capability and 8-95% of the duty ratio according to the input adjustment range of the COMP pin, so that the equalizing current of the equalizing circuit reaches the requirement of a set value of 2A; when the single battery is subjected to equalizing charge, the GP pin outputs PWM waveforms firstly, the duty ratio is continuously increased along with the rising of the voltage value of the COMP pin, the equalizing current is regulated to reach a set value, the GS is output continuously, the duty ratio is continuously increased, and the state of complementation with the duty ratio of the PWM waveforms output by the GP is regulated to meet the dead time, so that the equalizing efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced; otherwise, when the single battery is subjected to balanced discharge, the GS pin outputs PWM waveforms firstly, and then the GS pin outputs PWM waveforms and forms complementation;
The VS pin functions are undervoltage and overvoltage protection detection of a power supply side, VP point voltage is input by an external direct current power supply of a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, wherein the VP point voltage is connected with a VS pin after being connected with R1 in series, the VS pin is connected with GND after being connected with R2 in series, when the voltage of the VS pin is detected to be lower than a low voltage protection value, the low voltage protection value range is between more than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.9V, the undervoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, when the voltage of the detection pin is higher than a high voltage protection value, the high voltage protection value range is between more than or equal to 1.65 and less than or equal to 2.4V, the overvoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, wherein R1 and R2 are used as conditioning resistors, and the resistance values are 30kohm and 2.4kohm respectively; for example: the voltage value of the VS pin is equal to (VP point voltage x R2)/(R1+R2); the default setting voltage is smaller than 0.9V to trigger under-voltage protection, and under-voltage protection occurs when the voltage of the VS pin is 0.89V and the voltage of the VP point voltage is 12V; the default setting voltage is larger than 2.4V to trigger overvoltage protection, and when the voltage of the VP point is 32.5V and the voltage of the VS pin is 2.41V, the overvoltage protection is generated by the power supply side monitoring circuit U1;
The CS pin functions to detect whether the current exceeds the normal working requirement in the equalizing process of the external direct current power supply input; the power supply side overcurrent sampling resistor RA1 is 200mohm, and the voltage detection of the overcurrent sampling resistor is set to be larger than a protection value (such as 500 mV), so that overcurrent protection is triggered; for example, the over-sampling resistor voltage is detected as 600mV, i.e. there is a current of 3A, triggering over-current protection.
As shown in fig. 4, the battery-side monitoring circuit U2 includes FaultOUT, CSP, CSN, vcell and GA1 to GA12 pins, where:
the FaultOUT pin functions are that when the battery side monitoring circuit U2 obtains protection trigger information, a low-level signal is output through the pin, and the low-level signal is transmitted to a FaultIN pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through an optocoupler U3 in the isolation interaction circuit, so that the function of balanced stopping is realized;
CSP and CSN pins are used for actively balancing current overcurrent and undercurrent protection detection, low-level signals are output through FaultOUT pins and are transmitted to a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, and the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 closes the output of GP and GS to realize balanced stopping operation; the equalizing loop sampling resistor RA2 is 10mohm, the standard equalizing current is 2A, namely the standard sampling resistor voltage value Vis_fb is 20mV, the overcurrent protection value is set to be 103-150% greater than the standard sampling resistor voltage value, overcurrent protection is triggered when the overcurrent protection value is greater than the standard sampling resistor voltage value, the undercurrent protection value is set to be 50-97% of the standard sampling resistor voltage value, and undercurrent protection is triggered when the undercurrent protection value is less than the standard sampling resistor voltage value. For example, setting the voltage value to be more than 30mV triggers the overcurrent protection, and when the balanced current reaches 3.5A, namely the voltage value of the sampling resistor is 35mV, the overcurrent protection is triggered; setting less than 10mV triggers the undercurrent protection, and when the balanced current reaches 0.5A, namely the voltage value of the sampling resistor is 5mV, the undercurrent protection is triggered. Meanwhile, when the voltage value of the standard sampling resistor is not reached, the voltage of the COMP pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is regulated to be between 0V and 5V, and is transmitted to the COMP pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through the optical coupler U3, the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 regulates the duty ratio of PWM waveforms of GP and GS from 8% to 95% according to the voltage value of the COMP pin, and a power supply circuit of the equalizing circuit is controlled to enable the equalizing loop current to reach the value of Vis_fb/sampling resistor=2A equalizing current;
the Vcell pin is used for detecting undervoltage and overvoltage protection of a single battery, vcell_fb is input of the single battery at the battery side, wherein the Vcell_fb point voltage is connected with the Vcell pin after being connected with R3 in series, the Vcell pin is connected with GND2 after being connected with R4 in series, when the voltage of the Vcell pin is detected to be lower than a low voltage protection value, the low voltage protection value ranges from more than or equal to 0.2V to less than or equal to 2.0V, the undervoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, when the voltage of the pin is detected to be higher than a high voltage protection value, the high voltage protection value ranges from more than or equal to 1.0 to less than or equal to 2.5V, the overvoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, and R3 and R4 are used as conditioning resistors, and the resistance values are respectively 10kohm and 10kohm; for example: the Vcell pin voltage value is equal to (vcell_fb point voltage×r4)/(r3+r4); triggering under-voltage protection when the default setting voltage is smaller than 0.3V, and triggering under-voltage protection when the voltage input of the single battery is 0.42V and the voltage of a Vcell pin is 0.21V; the default setting voltage is larger than 2.5V to trigger overvoltage protection, and when the voltage input of the single battery is 5.2V and the voltage of the Vcell pin is 2.6V, the overvoltage protection is triggered.
The pins GA1 to GA12 are used for outputting a battery switch matrix control circuit, and single switches are controlled through the pins to connect the single batteries of the battery pack into an equalization circuit, so that bidirectional equalization of the single batteries in the battery pack, namely the process of charging or discharging the single batteries, is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, the battery switch matrix control circuit includes a matrix switch composed of driving voltages and MOS transistors of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, and controls the MOS transistors of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 to be closed corresponding to the driving voltage output voltages of the unit batteries, so that the unit batteries can be connected to the active equalization circuit for equalization. If the closing operation of the 1 st single battery is expected, the GA1 output voltage corresponding to the battery side monitoring circuit U2 controls the MOS transistors of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 to be closed, and the 1 st single battery is selected to enter the equalization loop. Similarly, the battery # 2 corresponds to GA2, and the battery # 12 corresponds to GA12.
The application circuit of the invention is shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, and the battery pack can realize the active equalization operation of the single batteries, and transfer the energy stored in the batteries to the direct-current power supply for consumption or obtain the energy from the direct-current power supply. The dc supply voltage range is 9 to 32VDC. The power supply is provided to the MCU, the power supply side monitoring circuit and the equalizing circuit. Each equalization is to select a single battery connected to the battery pack, and the voltage resistance and the control pin number of the battery switch matrix controller should be considered.
As shown in fig. 4, the detailed description of the equalizing circuit is as follows:
The equalization circuit is a flyback equalization circuit scheme, pins of the equalization circuit, such as Vp, vi, vcell _fb, which are connected with U1 and U2, the RA1 resistance value is 200mohm, and the RA2 resistance value is 10mohm. In the equalization process, the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is used for connecting single batteries in the battery pack into a loop through matrix selection, and the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 is used for adjusting the duty ratio of GP and GS according to the CSN and CSP input quantity of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 so as to realize active equalization of the battery circuit.
Compared with the traditional circuit design, the invention adopts more operational amplifiers and sampled integrated circuits to complete the active equalization protection circuit design. The invention is integrated into U1 and U2, can realize detection and protection functions only through a plurality of function pins, and feeds error information back to the MCU. In the prior art, the voltage overvoltage and the voltage undervoltage of the battery cannot be dynamically adjusted by a single design, so that the protection effect can be influenced, and in the current scheme, the MCU dynamically adjusts wiring harnesses according to different field schemes through software configuration, so that the protection is achieved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The protection system of the battery pack active equalization circuit is characterized by comprising an MCU unit, a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, an isolation interaction circuit and a battery side monitoring circuit U2; wherein:
The MCU unit is communicated with the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, the information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is collected through the power supply side monitoring circuit U1, and active equalization is started through the power supply side monitoring circuit U1;
the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 supplies power to the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the isolation interaction circuit, receives information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2, and synchronously transmits the information to the MCU together with the information after summarizing; the driving equalization circuit performs an active equalization function and realizes overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection of a power supply side;
The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 drives the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the isolation interaction circuit; feeding back information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 to the power supply side monitoring circuit U1; the information interaction between the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is realized;
The information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is transmitted to the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through the isolation interaction circuit; the battery side monitoring circuit U2 monitors the internal temperature of the active equalization circuit, has the over-current, under-current, over-voltage and under-voltage protection functions of the battery side, and is provided with an external battery matrix switch control circuit, and the function that a single battery is connected to the equalization circuit is provided;
The MCU unit consists of an ARM architecture with UART serial port communication, and a RISC-V architecture singlechip, wherein UART communication pins of the singlechip are connected to UART communication pins of a power supply side monitoring circuit U1; the isolation interaction circuit comprises a rectification voltage doubling circuit T1, a first optical coupler U3, a second optical coupler U4, a third optical coupler U5 and a fourth optical coupler U6;
the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 comprises an RXM pin, a TXM pin, a FaultOUT pin, a FaultIN pin, an RXS pin and a TXS pin, wherein:
the RXM pin and the TXM pin are used as the interactive pins of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the MCU unit, can perform UART bidirectional communication, receive and process the equalization control instruction from the MCU unit, and feed back whether the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 are in a protection triggering state or not to the MCU unit;
The FaultOUT pin functions are used for outputting a protection trigger signal of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2;
The FaultIN pin is connected with the FaultOUT pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through a second optical coupler U4 in the isolation interactive circuit, and the function is to receive the protection information of the battery side monitoring circuit U2;
The RXS pin and the TXS pin are respectively connected with the TXS pin and the RXS pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through a third optocoupler U5 and a fourth optocoupler U6 in the isolation interactive circuit, so that the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 carry out UARY bidirectional communication;
The battery side monitoring circuit U2 comprises FaultOUT pins, CSP pins, CSN pins, vcell pins and GA1 pins to GA12 pins, wherein:
the FaultOUT pin is used for transmitting the protection triggering information to the FaultIN pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through the first optocoupler U3 in the isolation interaction circuit when the battery side monitoring circuit U2 obtains the protection triggering information;
The CSP pin and the CSN pin are used for actively balancing current overcurrent and undercurrent protection detection, and triggering overcurrent protection when the voltage detection of the sampling resistor RA2 of the balancing circuit is larger than an overcurrent protection value and triggering undercurrent protection when the voltage detection of the sampling resistor RA2 is smaller than the undercurrent protection value; when the voltage value of the standard sampling resistor is not reached, the voltage between 0V and 5V of the COMP pin of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is regulated, and meanwhile, the voltage is transmitted to the COMP pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 through the first optocoupler U3, and the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 regulates the duty ratio of PWM waveforms of the GP pin and the GS pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 according to the voltage value of the COMP pin so that the balanced current reaches the requirement;
The Vcell pin functions are undervoltage and overvoltage protection detection of a single battery, vcell_fb is input of the single battery at the battery side, wherein the voltage of the Vcell_fb point is connected with the Vcell pin after being connected with a resistor R3 in series, the Vcell pin is connected with a GND2 pin after being connected with a resistor R4 in series, and when the voltage of the Vcell pin is detected to be lower than a low voltage protection value, the undervoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, and when the voltage of the Vcell pin is higher than a high voltage protection value, the overvoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered;
the functions of the GA1 pin and the GA12 pin are the output of a battery switch matrix control circuit, and single switches are controlled through the pins to connect the single batteries of the battery pack into an equalization circuit, so that bidirectional equalization of the single batteries in the battery pack, namely the process of charging or discharging the single batteries, is realized.
2. The protection system of the battery pack active equalization circuit according to claim 1, wherein the HB pin of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 provides a power supply for the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the rectifying voltage doubling circuit T1, so as to satisfy the power supply range of the battery side monitoring circuit U2 from 10V to 21V;
The power supply side monitoring circuit U1 is electrically connected with the battery side monitoring circuit U2 through the first optical coupler U3, the second optical coupler U4, the third optical coupler U5 and the fourth optical coupler U6 through relevant pins, and a communication interaction and signal feedback circuit of the power supply side monitoring circuit U1 and the battery side monitoring circuit U2 is established.
3. The protection system of a battery pack active equalization circuit according to claim 1, wherein, in the power supply side monitoring circuit U1: an external direct-current voltage source with an input voltage of 9 to 36V is powered through a VCC pin and a GND pin; the voltage 5V is output through a VDD pin, and power is supplied to a first optical coupler U3, a second optical coupler U4, a third optical coupler U5 and a fourth optical coupler U6 of the isolation interaction circuit after resistors are connected in series; when the supply voltage is more than 12V and the output of the VDDH pin is 12V, when the supply voltage is less than 12V, the output of the VDDH pin is equal to the supply voltage, and the HB pin, the GP pin and the GS pin are driven;
The HB pin is used for outputting PWM output waveforms with fixed frequency of 153kHz, duty ratio of 50% and minimum driving capability of current 1A;
The GS pin and the GP pin have the functions of 153KHz of outputtable frequency, 1A of minimum driving capability and 8-95% of PWM waveform of duty ratio according to the input adjustment range of the COMP pin, and the balanced current can reach the requirement by control;
In the battery side monitoring circuit U2: a direct current voltage source with input voltage of 10 to 21V is obtained through a VCC pin and a GND pin to supply power; the voltage 5V is output through the VDD pin, and the series resistor supplies power for the first optical coupler U3, the second optical coupler U4, the third optical coupler U5 and the fourth optical coupler U6 of the isolation interaction circuit.
4. The protection system of a battery pack active equalization circuit of claim 1, further comprising a HB pin, a GS pin, a GP pin, a VS pin, and a CS pin in the supply side monitor circuit U1, wherein:
The HB pin is used for outputting PWM output waveforms with fixed frequency of 153kHz, duty ratio of 50% and minimum driving capability of current 1A;
The GS pin and the GP pin have the functions of 153KHz of outputtable frequency, 1A of minimum driving capability and 8-95% of PWM waveform of duty ratio according to the input adjustment range of the COMP pin, and the balanced current can reach the requirement by control;
The VS pin functions are undervoltage and overvoltage protection detection of a power supply side, VP point voltage is input by an external direct current power supply of a power supply side monitoring circuit U1, wherein the VP point voltage is connected with a resistor R1 in series and then is connected with the VS pin, the VS pin is connected with a resistor R2 in series and then is connected with a GND pin, when the voltage of the VS pin is detected to be lower than a low voltage protection value, undervoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered, and when the voltage is higher than high voltage protection, overvoltage protection action of the power supply side is triggered;
the CS pin is used for detecting whether the current exceeds the normal working requirement in the equalization process, and triggering overcurrent protection when the voltage detection of the power supply side overcurrent sampling resistor RA1 is larger than a protection value.
5. A battery pack active equalization circuitry comprising a battery switch matrix control circuit, an equalization circuit, and a protection system for a battery pack active equalization circuit as claimed in any of claims 1-4, the battery switch matrix control circuit being connected to the equalization circuit through said protection system.
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