CN117594207A - Medical waste management and control method and system based on Internet management - Google Patents
Medical waste management and control method and system based on Internet management Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117594207A CN117594207A CN202311580898.XA CN202311580898A CN117594207A CN 117594207 A CN117594207 A CN 117594207A CN 202311580898 A CN202311580898 A CN 202311580898A CN 117594207 A CN117594207 A CN 117594207A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- medical waste
- management
- early warning
- value
- representing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 276
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 154
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013523 data management Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010825 pathological waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010826 pharmaceutical waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003640 drug residue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010781 infectious medical waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010013654 Drug abuse Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940035674 anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000820 nonprescription drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011197 physicochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121896 radiopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012217 radiopharmaceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002799 radiopharmaceutical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010833 unregulated medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/20—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/24—Classification techniques
- G06F18/241—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
- G06Q10/06311—Scheduling, planning or task assignment for a person or group
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medical management and discloses a medical waste management and control method based on internet management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical management, in particular to a medical waste management and control method and system based on internet management.
Background
In recent years, medical waste such as syringes, infusion bottles, urine bags, and postoperative waste generated in daily operation by medical institutions has been increasing year by year, and how to effectively manage the medical waste in time is a very serious problem. Most of researches at the present stage only carry out unmanned management and control and information intelligent management on medical wastes, so that the working efficiency of medical waste recovery is improved, but the data acquisition in the whole medical waste management and control process and the automatic control capability in the whole process are not considered, and the problems of data sharing and integration are not considered.
The system comprises a cloud service platform, a recycling vehicle and call platforms arranged in each village sanitary room, wherein the recycling vehicle is provided with a handheld terminal, a weighing device, a printing device and an electronic signature board, and the weighing device, the printing device and the electronic signature board are respectively connected with the handheld terminal; the call platform and the handheld terminal are respectively connected with the cloud service platform; the recycling personnel can automatically acquire the type and weight of medical waste and the information of the village sanitary room where the medical waste is located, the responsible person of the village sanitary room and the like through the handheld terminal according to the dispatching instruction of the cloud service platform, manual recording is not needed, phenomena of omission, pen error and the like are avoided, and the medical waste recycling work efficiency is greatly improved; signature confirmation is carried out through the electronic signature board, so that responsibility is promoted to be improved by a responsible person, and standardization and accuracy of medical waste recovery are further ensured; and the recovery process is controlled, so that the medical waste is ensured to have clear handover traceable information.
According to the method, an intelligent collecting robot bears an intelligent medical waste transfer box and moves to a medical waste collecting area set by a department to collect and ultraviolet disinfect medical waste, then the medical waste is transferred to a temporary storage room, secondary weighing approval and carrying and warehousing classification are carried out by the intelligent carrying robot in the temporary storage room, finally the intelligent medical waste transfer box is carried out and delivered out of a warehouse by the intelligent carrying robot and transferred to a medical waste transfer vehicle to carry out transfer treatment, the whole management and control process uses the Internet to carry out unmanned treatment in the whole process, and a medical waste collecting and controlling system can finish medical waste collection and clearance by one key based on main stream scanning code identification authentication, so that the medical waste treatment efficiency is improved.
The problems presented in the background art exist in the above patents: data collection throughout the medical waste management process and the ability to automatically control the entire process are not considered, nor are data sharing and integration throughout the medical waste management process. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a medical waste management and control method and system based on internet management.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description summary and in the title of the application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the description summary and the title of the invention, which should not be used to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the prior art methods and systems for managing medical waste based on internet management.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an internet-based medical waste management method and system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: collecting data in the medical waste management and control process, and storing the data into a database for data storage and management;
analyzing and processing the acquired data, extracting information and carrying out early warning;
performing remote monitoring on the early warning, and performing corresponding operation and control;
and sharing the operation and carrying out collaborative management.
As a preferable scheme of the medical waste management method based on internet management of the invention, wherein: the data comprises names, classifications, hazard degrees, temperatures, humidity, pressure, capacity and treatment modes of medical wastes;
the integrated sensor is used for measuring the temperature value, the humidity value, the pressure value and the capacity value of the medical waste, and comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor and a capacity sensor which are used for respectively acquiring data of the temperature, the humidity, the pressure and the capacity of the medical waste in the medical waste management and control process.
As a preferable scheme of the medical waste management method based on internet management of the invention, wherein: the functional expression for storing the data is as follows:
SD＝{w n ,w c ,e,t,h,p,c,m h }；
wherein SD represents a stored representation, w, of said data n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents classification of medical waste, e represents hazard degree of medical waste, t represents temperature value of medical waste, h represents humidity value of medical waste, p represents pressure value of medical waste, c represents capacity value of medical waste, m h Indicating the manner in which the medical waste is disposed.
As a preferable scheme of the medical waste management method based on internet management of the invention, wherein: the functional expression for extracting the features of the data is as follows:
wherein FE represents a feature extraction expression of the data, i represents a set including w n 、w c 、e、t、h、p、c、m h ，A label display representing the name +.>Label display, eta, representing the classification e Label display, η, indicative of the degree of risk t Label display, η, representing the temperature value h Label display, η, representing the humidity value p Label display, η, representing the pressure value c A label display representing said capacity value, +.>The label display indicating the processing mode, epsilon, indicates a constant for controlling the degree of deviation.
As a preferable scheme of the medical waste management method based on internet management of the invention, wherein: the early warning steps are as follows:
collecting classification, temperature value, humidity value and capacity value of the medical waste;
if the capacity value of the medical waste is more than or equal to 3/4 of the total capacity of the medical waste box, displaying a first-level early warning;
if the capacity value of the medical waste is less than 3/4 of the total capacity of the medical waste box, executing the step one;
the first step is as follows:
if the humidity value of the medical waste is more than 35%, displaying a secondary early warning;
if the humidity value of the medical waste is less than or equal to 35%, executing the second step;
the second step is as follows:
if the medical waste is classified as class one, performing a standard one;
the rule of the standard one is as follows:
if the temperature value of the medical waste is more than or equal to 4 ℃ and the storage time is more than 24 hours, displaying three-level early warning;
if the temperature value of the medical waste is less than 4 ℃ and the storage time is more than 72 hours, displaying three-level early warning;
if the storage time of the medical waste is less than or equal to the specified storage time, ending the early warning step;
if the medical waste is classified into a second classification, executing a second standard;
the rules of the second standard are as follows:
if the temperature value of the medical waste is greater than a threshold value, displaying a four-level early warning;
and if the temperature value of the medical waste is smaller than or equal to a threshold value, ending the early warning step.
As a preferable scheme of the medical waste management method based on internet management of the invention, wherein: the strategy function expression for remote monitoring of the early warning is as follows:
TA(w c ,t,h,c)←TA(w c ,t,h,c)+κ[λ·max(TA * (w c ,t,h,c))-TA(w c ,t,h,c)]；
wherein TA (w) c T, h, c) represents the current strategy for remote monitoring of the early warning, k represents the learning rate of the strategy, λ represents the rewarding factor of the strategy, TA * (w c T, h, c) represents the next strategy for remote monitoring of the pre-alarm.
As a preferable scheme of the medical waste management method based on internet management of the invention, wherein: the rules of the policy are as follows:
if the early warning displays the primary early warning, executing a strategy I;
if the early warning displays the secondary early warning, executing a strategy II;
if the early warning displays the three-level early warning, executing a third strategy;
and if the early warning displays the four-level early warning, executing a strategy IV.
An internet-based medical waste management and control system, comprising: a user management module and an administrator management module;
the user management module comprises medical waste management, treatment record management, problem feedback management and problem reply management;
the administrator management module comprises user management, waste classification management, medical waste management, processing record management, statistical information management, problem feedback management and problem reply management.
The functional expression of the medical waste table in the medical waste management is as follows:
MW＝{w n ,w c ,e,d i }；
wherein MW represents a medical waste table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents the classification of medical waste, e represents the hazard level of medical waste, d i Representing the release time of medical waste;
wherein, the release time of the medical waste refers to the time of generating the medical waste;
the functional expression of the processing record table in the processing record management is as follows:
PR＝{w n ,t,h,p,c,m h ,d h ,l h ,n u ,m}；
where PR represents the processing record table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, t representing the temperature value of medical waste, h representing the humidity value of medical waste, p representing the pressure value of medical waste, c representing the volume value of medical waste, m h Indicating the treatment mode of medical waste, d h Indicating the treatment time of medical waste, l h Indicating the treatment site of medical waste, n u Representing a user name, m representing a mobile phone number of a user;
the function expression of the statistical information table in the statistical information management is as follows:
SI＝{w n ,w c ,p,c,d s }；
in the formula, SI represents a statistical information table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents the classification of medical waste, p represents the pressure value of medical waste, c represents the volume value of medical waste, d s Representing a statistical time of the medical waste;
wherein, the statistical time of the medical waste refers to the time of the statistical medical waste information.
A computer device comprising, a memory for storing instructions; and a processor for executing the instructions to cause the device to perform implementing an internet-based medical waste management method.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements an internet-based medical waste management method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the data in the medical waste management and control process is collected, the data is stored in the database for data storage and management, the data standardization is realized, the collected data is analyzed and processed, the information is extracted and early-warned, the early-warning information is remotely monitored and corresponding operation and control are carried out, the automatic control of the whole medical waste management and control process is realized, the management efficiency and safety can be improved, the corresponding operation is shared, the cooperative management is carried out, and the data sharing and integration of the medical waste management and control process are completed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for medical waste management and control based on Internet management in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a topological structure diagram of an Internet of things and a data transmission channel according to the medical waste management and control method based on Internet management;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the early warning steps of a medical waste management and control method based on Internet management according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a system configuration diagram of a medical waste management and control system based on internet management according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Further, in describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not partially enlarged to a general scale for convenience of description, and the schematic is only an example, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in actual fabrication.
Example 1
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, there is provided a method flowchart of a medical waste management method based on internet management, as shown in fig. 1, the medical waste management method based on internet management includes:
s1, collecting data in the medical waste management and control process, and storing the data into a database for data storage and management.
The data includes the name, classification, hazard level, temperature, humidity, pressure, capacity and treatment mode of the medical waste;
the integrated sensor is used for measuring a temperature value, a humidity value, a pressure value and a capacity value of medical waste, and comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor and a capacity sensor, and data of the temperature, the humidity, the pressure and the capacity of the medical waste in the medical waste management and control process are respectively acquired;
the data can be obtained from files of hospitals or learned from the dictation of management staff, such as names, classification, hazard degrees and treatment modes of medical wastes, and other sensors such as temperature, humidity, pressure and capacity of the medical wastes need special sensors to be collected, wherein the temperature sensors, the humidity sensors, the pressure sensors and the volume sensors are involved, and the four sensors form an integrated sensor which can effectively collect the four data of the temperature, the humidity, the pressure and the capacity of the medical wastes;
the integrated sensor senses information and converts the information into a required information form according to rules so as to meet a series of requirements of information transmission, processing, control and the like, and compared with a single sensor, the integrated sensor has the characteristics of strong function, high precision, high response speed, small volume, micro power consumption and low price, is suitable for long-distance signal transmission, and can realize intelligent connection and monitoring of medical waste control by integrating various links of the medical waste control when an information service platform is provided for the medical waste control through the Internet of things and the integrated sensor technology, the integrated sensor is applied to the medical waste control, real-time data acquisition and remote monitoring are realized, and accurate data support and automatic control capability are provided for a medical waste control system, and the common topological structure of the Internet of things and a data transmission channel is shown in figure 2;
the functional expression of the stored data is as follows:
SD＝{w n ,w c ,e,t,h,p,c,m h }；
wherein SD represents a stored expression of data, w n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents classification of medical waste, e represents hazard degree of medical waste, t represents temperature value of medical waste, h represents humidity value of medical waste, p represents pressure value of medical waste, c represents capacity value of medical waste, m h Representing the manner in which medical waste is disposed;
the medical waste is classified into five kinds, the first kind is infectious waste, which refers to the objects polluted by the blood, body fluid and excrement of patients, including cotton balls, cotton swabs, gauze, disposable medical products, sanitary towel and the like; the second category is pathological waste, including waste generated during pathological laboratory treatment or pathological anatomy of tissues, organs, human or animal carcasses, and the like; the third type is injury waste, which refers to discarded medical sharp instruments capable of stabbing or cutting human bodies, including sharp medical instruments such as needles, syringes, surgical blades, glassware and the like; the fourth category is pharmaceutical waste, which refers to expired, obsolete or spoiled medicines, including over-the-counter medicines, carcinogenic medicines, immunosuppressants; the fifth category is chemical waste, including waste containing harmful chemical components or drug residues, such as expired drugs, drug bottles, waste drugs, chemical agents, contaminated solutions, waste chemical agents, etc.;
in addition, it should be noted that: the extent of the hazard of medical waste is roughly divided into five categories, the first category being the transmission of infectious diseases, and medical waste may carry various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, etc.; the second type is chemical pollution, and medical waste may contain various chemicals such as drug residues, anesthetics, solvents, heavy metals, and the like; the third category is puncture and injury, where medical waste may contain sharp instruments such as syringes, needles, surgical blades, etc.; the fourth category is radiological hazards, including medical waste generated by radiopharmaceutical treatment, radiological diagnostic supplies, and radiological treatment devices, including radioactive substances; the fifth category is drug abuse and environmental pollution, unused drugs in medical waste, such as expired drugs, drug residues, etc.;
finally, it should be noted that: the medical waste is treated in six ways, the first way is sterilization and disinfection, and the medical waste carrying pathogens, such as contaminated medical instruments, blood bags, infusion bottles and the like, can be treated by adopting a sterilization and disinfection method so as to ensure that the pathogens in the medical waste are thoroughly killed; the second type is landfill, and general medical wastes which cannot be directly recycled or disposed, such as non-infectious disposable medical supplies, and the like, can be used as common wastes for landfill; the third is incineration treatment, and for medical waste having infectious or harmful chemical components, such as infectious waste, pathological waste, chemical waste, etc., high-temperature incineration treatment can be performed using a special medical waste incineration facility; fourth, microbial treatment, some special medical waste such as pathological waste containing rotted tissues, animal carcasses, etc., can be degraded and treated by microbial treatment; fifth is physicochemical treatment, some medical wastes such as expired medicines, chemicals, etc., may be treated by physicochemical methods such as neutralization, solidification, soaking, etc.; the sixth is recycling, and some recyclable medical wastes, such as metal instruments, glass containers, plastic products, etc., can be recycled and reused, thus reducing the waste of resources and the burden of the environment.
In particular applications, the medical waste produced by different hospitals is not the same, here for example, a Z hospital, which can produce 1 kg of infectious solid waste, 2 liters of infectious liquid waste, 50 g of pathological waste, 3 kg of damaging waste, 10 kg of pharmaceutical waste, and 60 g of chemical waste per day.
S2, analyzing and processing the acquired data, extracting information and carrying out early warning.
The functional expression of the features of the extracted data is as follows:
wherein FE represents a feature extraction expression of the data, i represents a set including w n 、w c 、e、t、h、p、c、m h ，Label display, eta, representing name wc Label display, eta, representing classification e Label display, eta, indicating the degree of risk t Label display, η, representing temperature values h Label display, η, representing humidity value p Label display, eta, representing pressure values c A label display representing the value of the capacity,label display showing the processing mode, epsilon showing a constant for controlling the degree of deviation;
the steps of the early warning are shown in fig. 3, and the specific explanation is as follows:
collecting classification, temperature value, humidity value and capacity value of the medical waste;
if the capacity value of the medical waste is more than or equal to 3/4 of the total capacity of the medical waste box, displaying a first-level early warning;
if the capacity value of the medical waste is less than 3/4 of the total capacity of the medical waste box, executing the step one;
the first step is as follows:
if the humidity value of the medical waste is more than 35%, displaying a secondary early warning;
if the humidity value of the medical waste is less than or equal to 35%, executing the second step;
the second step is as follows:
if the medical waste is classified as class one, performing a standard one;
the rule of the standard one is as follows:
if the temperature value of the medical waste is more than or equal to 4 ℃ and the storage time is more than 24 hours, displaying three-level early warning;
if the temperature value of the medical waste is less than 4 ℃ and the storage time is more than 72 hours, displaying three-level early warning;
if the storage time of the medical waste is less than or equal to the specified storage time, ending the early warning step;
if the medical waste is classified into a second classification, executing a second standard;
the rules of the second standard are as follows:
if the temperature value of the medical waste is greater than a threshold value, displaying a four-level early warning;
if the temperature value of the medical waste is smaller than or equal to a threshold value, ending the early warning step;
it should be noted that: the first-level early warning means that the capacity of medical waste exceeds a storage container and a strict sealing method is required to be cleaned in time and carried out, the second-level early warning means that the humidity value of the medical waste is too high and dehumidification is required, the third-level early warning means that the storage time is too long and cleaning is required in time, the fourth-level early warning means that the temperature of the medical waste exceeds a threshold value and the temperature is required to be changed in time so as to prevent inflammable and explosive occurrence, the first-level early warning means that infectious waste, damaged waste and pathological waste are classified, the second-level early warning means that the chemical waste and the medicinal waste are classified, and the threshold value means the temperature requirement when the explosive, inflammable, toxic and corrosive medical waste is treated according to national regulations;
the collected data are not all key information, so that the data are required to be subjected to feature extraction, the features which are useful in the medical waste management process are extracted, 8 groups of data are required to be collected roughly, a feature subset which is useful for related management staff is required to be extracted, the feature extraction is carried out by using chi-square distribution, the importance of the features is judged, the first 4 important features are selected by scoring the features, threshold comparison is carried out through the useful features, and early warning prompt is required to be carried out on the related management staff when abnormal information is found;
the chi-square distribution is a common probability distribution function, and can be used for not only checking the goodness of fit, but also checking the correlation between variables;
in the actual medical waste management process, strict requirements are imposed on classification, temperature, humidity and capacity of medical waste, and firstly, the following requirements should be met for storage of infectious, damaging and pathological waste: if the storage temperature is more than or equal to 5 ℃, the storage time is not more than 24 hours, if the storage temperature is less than 5 ℃, the storage time is not more than 72 hours, and the storage time is all placed in a single area which is dry and well ventilated, a special storage container is selected for chemical and pharmaceutical wastes, and related information such as classification, danger degree and the like of the medical wastes is marked on the container, and the medical wastes are sealed and stored, meanwhile, a temporary storage area which is dry, well ventilated and far from a fire source is divided, and different chemical wastes and pharmaceutical wastes are required to be stored at a specific temperature; secondly, the medical waste volume is required to be 3/4 of the volume of the package or container, and an effective sealing mode should be used to tightly and tightly seal the package or container.
In a specific application, all label displays are represented according to the importance of medical waste management and control process, the importance is represented by 1, the importance is not represented by 0, 8 groups of data features are scored, and the first 4 important features selected are the risk degree of medical waste, the temperature value of the medical waste, the humidity value of the medical waste and the capacity value of the medical waste respectively, the temperature value, the humidity value and the capacity value of the medical waste are collected, and the hospital does not find abnormal conditions and has no page warning.
And S3, performing remote monitoring on the early warning, and performing corresponding operation and control.
The strategy function expression for remote monitoring of the early warning is as follows:
TA(w c ,t,h,c)←TA(w c ,t,h,c)+κ[λ·max(TA * (w c ,t,h,c))-TA(w c ,t,h,c)]；
wherein TA (w) c T, h, c) represents the current strategy for remote monitoring of the early warning, k represents the learning rate of the strategy, λ represents the rewarding factor of the strategy, TA * (w c T, h, c) represents the next strategy for remote monitoring of the pre-warning;
the rules of the policy are as follows:
if the early warning displays the first-level early warning, executing a strategy I;
if the early warning shows the second early warning, executing a strategy II;
if the early warning displays three-level early warning, executing a strategy III;
if the early warning shows the four-level early warning, executing a strategy IV;
it should be explained that: the first strategy is to monitor the capacity value and the pressure value of the medical waste at the same time after checking that the capacity exceeds the storage container, monitor the sealing operation of the medical waste by staff, and timely alarm and inform the manager if a problem occurs; the second strategy is to check the temperature value of the medical waste after the temperature value of the medical waste is too high, monitor the temperature value and the humidity value of the medical waste at the same time, and meet the requirements of the temperature value and the humidity value at the same time, and alarm and inform management staff if a problem occurs; the third strategy is to check whether the staff is processed and meets the processing requirement after the storage time is overlong, and notify the manager if no processing is performed or the processing requirement is not met; the fourth strategy is to monitor the chemical waste and the pharmaceutical waste to be strictly executed according to the national control standard, and to inform the manager of timely alarming if abnormality occurs;
the manual attendance can not well solve the problems in the medical waste management and control process, for example, the operation time is overlong, personnel can have unstable states, fatigue, misoperation and the like, so that the problems of medical waste management and control incompatibility, potential safety hazards and the like are caused, the personnel body discomfort can be caused by long-time standing, monitoring and recording and other works, the workload and health risks are increased, the manual attendance needs to additionally hire personnel or allocate medical personnel for attendance, the labor cost and training cost of a medical institution are increased, the response speed of the manual attendance is slower for emergency situations such as sudden fire, leakage and the like, loss can be caused, the medical waste storage places are generally scattered, and if the medical waste management and control process is managed only by relying on the manual attendance mode, management holes can be easily generated, and the problems are comprehensively above.
In a specific application, the hospital does not find abnormal conditions and does not have page early warning, so that other operations and controls are not needed.
S4, sharing the operation and performing collaborative management.
All operations in the medical waste management and control process are shared, a plurality of related personnel can acquire and know the condition of the whole medical waste management process in real time, team cooperation and communication are promoted, information isolation and repeated work are avoided, the sharing operation can also help a medical institution to better comprehensively utilize various resources such as equipment, manpower, time and the like, more comprehensive and accurate data and information can be provided, supervision and examination of medical waste management and control can be facilitated, risk points and control measure information can be transmitted to the related personnel, the related personnel are reminded and guided to observe the regulation and operation requirements, precious data and feedback information can be provided for the medical institution, and the medical waste management and control process can be evaluated and improved.
In particular, the hospital shares related operations in the medical waste management and control process, and plays a role in standardizing operations in the medical waste management and control process, and takes the operations as an example to conduct the same way.
Example 2
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, there is provided a system configuration diagram of a medical waste management system based on internet management, as shown in fig. 4, a medical waste management system based on internet management includes:
a user management module and an administrator management module;
the user management module comprises medical waste management, treatment record management, problem feedback management and problem reply management;
the manager management module comprises user management, waste classification management, medical waste management, processing record management, statistical information management, problem feedback management and problem reply management;
the relevant data of the medical waste management and control system is put into a database for storage and management, and the table and relevant fields included in the database are as follows:
wherein the functional expression of the medical waste table in medical waste management is as follows:
MW＝{w n ,w c ,e,d i }；
wherein MW represents a medical waste table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents the classification of medical waste, e represents the hazard level of medical waste, d i Representing the release time of medical waste;
wherein, the release time of the medical waste refers to the time of generating the medical waste;
the functional expression of the process record table in the process record management is as follows:
PR＝{w n ,t,h,p,c,m h ,d h ,l h ,n u ,m}；
where PR represents the processing record table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, t representing the temperature value of medical waste, h representing the humidity value of medical waste, p representing medical wasteC represents the volume value of medical waste, m h Indicating the treatment mode of medical waste, d h Indicating the treatment time of medical waste, l h Indicating the treatment site of medical waste, n u Representing a user name, m representing a mobile phone number of a user;
the functional expression of the user table in user management is as follows:
SU＝{n u ,s,a,m}；
in the formula, SU represents a user table field, n u The user name is represented, s represents the gender of the user, a represents the age of the user, and m represents the mobile phone number of the user;
the functional expression of the waste sorting table in waste sorting management is as follows:
WC＝{w c }；
wherein WC represents a waste classification table field, w c Representing a classification of medical waste;
the functional expression of the statistics table in statistics management is as follows:
SI＝{w n ,w c ,p,c,d s }；
in the formula, SI represents a statistical information table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents the classification of medical waste, p represents the pressure value of medical waste, c represents the volume value of medical waste, d s Representing a statistical time of the medical waste;
wherein, the statistical time of the medical waste refers to the time of the statistical medical waste information;
the functional expression of the problem feedback table in the problem feedback management is as follows:
PF＝{c f ,d f ,n u }；
in the formula, PF represents a problem feedback table field, c f Content of the feedback of the question d f Time of feedback of problem, n u Representing a user name;
the functional expression of the problem recovery table in the problem recovery management is as follows:
QR＝{c r ,d r ,n u }；
wherein QR represents a problem reply table field, c r Representing the content of the question reply, d r Indicating the time of problem recovery, n u Representing a user name;
example 3
In this embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory for storing instructions and a processor for executing the instructions, so that the computer device performs steps for implementing the above-mentioned medical waste management method based on internet management.
Example 4
In this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed, implements the steps of a medical waste management method based on internet management as described above.
The computer readable storage medium may include: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A medical waste management and control method based on internet management is characterized in that: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,
collecting data in the medical waste management and control process, and storing the data into a database for data storage and management;
analyzing and processing the acquired data, extracting information and carrying out early warning;
performing remote monitoring on the early warning, and performing corresponding operation and control;
and sharing the operation and carrying out collaborative management.
2. An internet-based medical waste management method as defined in claim 1, wherein: the data comprises names, classifications, hazard degrees, temperatures, humidity, pressure, capacity and treatment modes of medical wastes;
the integrated sensor is used for measuring the temperature value, the humidity value, the pressure value and the capacity value of the medical waste, and comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor and a capacity sensor which are used for respectively acquiring data of the temperature, the humidity, the pressure and the capacity of the medical waste in the medical waste management and control process.
3. An internet-based medical waste management method as defined in claim 2, wherein: the functional expression for storing the data is as follows:
SD＝{w n ,w c ,e,t,h,p,c,m h }；
wherein SD represents a stored representation, w, of said data n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents classification of medical waste, e represents hazard degree of medical waste, t represents temperature value of medical waste, h represents humidity value of medical waste, p represents pressure value of medical waste, c represents capacity value of medical waste, m h Indicating the manner in which the medical waste is disposed.
4. A method of internet-based medical waste management as defined in claim 3, wherein: the functional expression for extracting the features of the data is as follows:
wherein FE represents a feature extraction expression of the data, i represents a set including w n 、w c 、e、t、h、p、c、m h ，A label display representing the name +.>Label display, eta, representing the classification e Label display, η, indicative of the degree of risk t Label display, η, representing the temperature value h Label display, η, representing the humidity value p Label display, η, representing the pressure value c A label display representing said capacity value, +.>The label display indicating the processing mode, epsilon, indicates a constant for controlling the degree of deviation.
5. An internet-based medical waste management method as defined in claim 4, wherein: the early warning steps are as follows:
collecting classification, temperature value, humidity value and capacity value of the medical waste;
if the capacity value of the medical waste is more than or equal to 3/4 of the total capacity of the medical waste box, displaying a first-level early warning;
if the capacity value of the medical waste is less than 3/4 of the total capacity of the medical waste box, executing the step one;
the first step is as follows:
if the humidity value of the medical waste is more than 35%, displaying a secondary early warning;
if the humidity value of the medical waste is less than or equal to 35%, executing the second step;
the second step is as follows:
if the medical waste is classified as class one, performing a standard one;
the rule of the standard one is as follows:
if the temperature value of the medical waste is more than or equal to 4 ℃ and the storage time is more than 24 hours, displaying three-level early warning;
if the temperature value of the medical waste is less than 4 ℃ and the storage time is more than 72 hours, displaying three-level early warning;
if the storage time of the medical waste is less than or equal to the specified storage time, ending the early warning step;
if the medical waste is classified into a second classification, executing a second standard;
the rules of the second standard are as follows:
if the temperature value of the medical waste is greater than a threshold value, displaying a four-level early warning;
and if the temperature value of the medical waste is smaller than or equal to a threshold value, ending the early warning step.
6. An internet-based medical waste management method as defined in claim 1, wherein: the strategy function expression for remote monitoring of the early warning is as follows:
TA(w c ,t,h,c)←TA(w c ,t,h,c)+κ[λ·max(TA * (w c ,t,h,c))-TA(w c ,t,h,c)]；
wherein TA (w) c T, h, c) represents the current strategy for remote monitoring of the early warning, k represents the learning rate of the strategy, λ represents the rewarding factor of the strategy, TA * (w c T, h, c) represents the next strategy for remote monitoring of the pre-alarm.
7. The internet-based medical waste management method of claim 6, wherein: the rules of the policy are as follows:
if the early warning displays the primary early warning, executing a strategy I;
if the early warning displays the secondary early warning, executing a strategy II;
if the early warning displays the three-level early warning, executing a third strategy;
and if the early warning displays the four-level early warning, executing a strategy IV.
8. An internet-based medical waste management and control system, which is implemented based on the internet-based medical waste management and control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,
a user management module and an administrator management module;
the user management module comprises medical waste management, treatment record management, problem feedback management and problem reply management;
the administrator management module comprises user management, waste classification management, medical waste management, processing record management, statistical information management, problem feedback management and problem reply management.
The functional expression of the medical waste table in the medical waste management is as follows:
MW＝{w n ,w c ,e,d i }；
wherein MW represents a medical waste table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents the classification of medical waste, e represents the hazard level of medical waste, d i Representing the release time of medical waste;
wherein, the release time of the medical waste refers to the time of generating the medical waste;
the functional expression of the processing record table in the processing record management is as follows:
PR＝{w n ,t,h,p,c,m h ,d h ,l h ,n u ,m}；
where PR represents the processing record table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, t representing the temperature value of medical waste, h representing the humidity value of medical waste, p representing the pressure value of medical waste, c representing the volume value of medical waste, m h Indicating the treatment mode of medical waste, d h Indicating the treatment time of medical waste, l h Indicating the treatment site of medical waste, n u Representing a user name, m representing a mobile phone number of a user;
the function expression of the statistical information table in the statistical information management is as follows:
SI＝{w n ,w c ,p,c,d s }；
in the formula, SI represents a statistical information table field, w n Representing the name of medical waste, w c Represents the classification of medical waste, p represents the pressure value of medical waste, c represents the volume value of medical waste, d s Representing a statistical time of the medical waste;
wherein, the statistical time of the medical waste refers to the time of the statistical medical waste information.
9. A computer device, characterized by: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,
a memory for storing instructions;
a processor for executing the instructions to cause the device to perform implementing an internet-based medical waste management method as claimed in any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized by: the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements a medical waste management method based on internet management as claimed in any one of claims 1-7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311580898.XA CN117594207A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Medical waste management and control method and system based on Internet management |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311580898.XA CN117594207A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Medical waste management and control method and system based on Internet management |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117594207A true CN117594207A (en) | 2024-02-23 |
Family
ID=89917845
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311580898.XA Pending CN117594207A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Medical waste management and control method and system based on Internet management |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117594207A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105894422A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-24 | 刘海 | Network management closed medical waste transfer system |
| CN109823721A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-31 | 郑州德凯科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent dustbin convenient for hospital's control |
| CN111584051A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-25 | 昆明英奈特信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent information management system and device for medical waste |
| CN111739622A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-02 | 北京梦天门科技股份有限公司 | Medical waste on-line monitoring and predicting method and system |
| CN116230182A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-06-06 | 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院 | Medical waste temporary storage system, method and related equipment based on artificial intelligence |
| CN117011111A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-07 | 华联(天津)创新科技有限公司 | Medical waste intelligent tracking management system and method |
-
2023
- 2023-11-24 CN CN202311580898.XA patent/CN117594207A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105894422A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-24 | 刘海 | Network management closed medical waste transfer system |
| CN109823721A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-31 | 郑州德凯科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent dustbin convenient for hospital's control |
| CN111584051A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-25 | 昆明英奈特信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent information management system and device for medical waste |
| CN111739622A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-02 | 北京梦天门科技股份有限公司 | Medical waste on-line monitoring and predicting method and system |
| CN116230182A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-06-06 | 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院 | Medical waste temporary storage system, method and related equipment based on artificial intelligence |
| CN117011111A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-07 | 华联(天津)创新科技有限公司 | Medical waste intelligent tracking management system and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 邱锡鹏: "神经网络与深度学习", vol. 1, 31 July 2020, 机械工业出版社, pages: 360 - 361 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Weis et al. | Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office | |
| Muduli et al. | Barriers to green practices in health care waste sector: an Indian perspective | |
| Sarsour et al. | Assessment of medical waste management within selected hospitals in Gaza strip Palestine: A pilot study | |
| Baaki et al. | Critical success factors of medical waste management implementation in healthcare facilities in Nigeria: A case study | |
| Swain et al. | Evaluation of barriers of health care waste management in India—a gray relational analysis approach | |
| US20100234665A1 (en) | Enhancements to a substantially closed system for safely disposing hazardous material | |
| Al-Habash et al. | Efficiency and effectiveness of medical waste management performance, health sector and its impact on environment in Jordan applied study | |
| CN117594207A (en) | Medical waste management and control method and system based on Internet management | |
| Pandey et al. | Bio-medical waste management processes and practices adopted by select hospitals in Pune | |
| Githinji et al. | Development and Application of Integrated Indicators for Assessing Healthcare Waste Management Systems in Kenyan Hospitals | |
| Acheampong et al. | Waste management practices of a regional hospital in Ghana: A case study | |
| Savin | Hospital waste management–case study “prof. dr. Eduard Apetrei” hospital buhuși | |
| Aworh et al. | Assessment of healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers at two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria | |
| Rumi et al. | Determining the hazardous medical waste generation rates of private health care facilities-case study from Dhaka City of Bangladesh | |
| Yawson | Assessment of solid waste management in healthcare facilities in the Offinso Municipality | |
| Omar et al. | Clinical waste management in Malaysia | |
| Rahangdale et al. | IoT in Hospital Solid Waste Generation and Management | |
| Al Fatlawi et al. | A Model for Predicting Medical Solid Waste in Hilla City, Iraq | |
| Joegijantoro | Hospital Waste Management through Green QFD Implementation | |
| Morenikeji et al. | HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ALERTNESS AMONG HEALTH PRACTITIONERS IN SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE FACILITIES IN UYO METROPOLIS, AKWA IBOM STATE | |
| Limijadi et al. | Biomedical waste during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Systematic literature review | |
| Satrio et al. | Health hazard identification in university research laboratory: A literature review | |
| Berrachedi et al. | Towards a sustainable supply chain: contribution to hospital waste management in an Algerian hospital | |
| Dalvi et al. | The significance of information technology in enhancing revenue generation from biomedical waste management | |
| Olanrewaju | Assesment of medical waste management in two public health facilites within akure metropolis, Ondo state, Nigeria |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |