CN117584496A - 网状加强筋的制造方法 - Google Patents

网状加强筋的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117584496A
CN117584496A CN202310969429.0A CN202310969429A CN117584496A CN 117584496 A CN117584496 A CN 117584496A CN 202310969429 A CN202310969429 A CN 202310969429A CN 117584496 A CN117584496 A CN 117584496A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rib
section
edge
preform
stiffener
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202310969429.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
Y·米格斯·查里内斯
N·科拉斯·加西亚
A·佩雷斯·帕斯托
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Airbus Operations SL
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Airbus Operations SL
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Publication of CN117584496A publication Critical patent/CN117584496A/zh
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/34—Rim rolling
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

用碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料CFRP制成的具有“T”型横截面的加强筋的制造方法，其中加强筋是由预制件(100)获得的，预制件(100)包括筋(120)和脚(130)，其中脚(130)对应于被配置为与飞机板接触的加强筋的边缘，以及其中筋(120)对应于所述加强筋的其余部分并且包括筋边缘(120a)，制造方法包括以下步骤：获得两个层压板(110a，110b)，层压板包括一组复合材料层；通过将两个层压板(110a，110b)折叠成“L”型横截面来成形两个层压板(110a，110b)；连结两个层压板(110a，110b)以获得具有“T”型横截面的预制件(100)；成型筋边缘(120a)，以获得半圆形横截面；对筋边缘(120a)施加半固化的碳纤维带(L1)、冷却的预浸玻璃纤维湿带(L2)；以及使预制件(100)固化以获得具有网状的所述筋边缘(120a)的具有“T”型横截面的加强筋。

Description

网状加强筋的制造方法
技术领域
本发明的目的涉及用碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料制成的加强筋(stiffener)的制造方法，特别涉及用于获得加强筋的边缘的“网状”形状的方法，该方法能够消除剪边和密封操作。
背景技术
获得具有“T”型横截面的具有“筋(soul)”和“脚”(其中脚对应于被配置为与飞机板接触的加强筋的边缘，以及其中筋对应于加强筋的其余部分)的加强筋或桁条(stringer)的边缘的“网状”制造的标准过程是通过称为剪边过程来修剪多余的材料(即，用切割器或盘通过施加水射流将多余的材料从边缘切除)。剪边过程在预制件(在预制件上获得具有“T”型横截面的加强筋)的固化之后进行。剪边是通过专用设备进行的，该专用设备消耗时间以及硬性和磨蚀性材料。
在固化之后对加强筋的边缘进行剪边的需求是由于复合层压板预制件边缘处所获得的质量较差。如果使用成形工具(例如辊筒成形)对边缘进行成形，将极难使已成形的层压板的边缘与固化工具的腔匹配。因此，在已成形的层压板的边缘和固化工具的腔之间产生间隙。该间隙被树脂和纤维填充，这降低了层压板的性能。
不利的是：
剪边操作可能在经受剪边的预制件的边缘处产生脱层，而且复合材料层压板的成形操作可能产生所谓的书本效应(book effect)。具体来说：
图1示出具有“T”型横截面的加强筋的预制件(100)。预制件(100)包括筋(120)和脚(130)(其中脚(130)对应于被配置为与飞机板接触的加强筋的边缘)。当通过将两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)通过加强筋的“筋”(120)折叠成具有“L”型横截面而使预制件(100)成形时，跟随半径(R)的复合材料层压板(110a，110b)的每个层的不同长度在筋边缘(120a)处产生所谓的书本效应，其中复合材料层压板(110a，110b)的内层(C)比外层短。
最后，当金属(例如铝或钛)部件(例如飞机翼肋)靠近经剪边的加强筋的边缘时，需要进行额外的密封操作，以覆盖碳纤维丝并防止金属的腐蚀。
本发明解决了现有技术在具有“T”型横截面的加强筋的筋边缘“网状”制造时的剩余的缺点。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种制造方法，该制造方法实现具有“T”型横截面的加强筋或桁条的筋边缘的“网状”制造，并通过将碳纤维丝与加强筋的筋边缘隔离，避免现有技术中的剪边和密封过程。
因此，在第一方面中，本发明涉及用碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料CFRP制成的具有“T”型横截面的加强筋的制造方法，其中所述加强筋是从包括筋和的预制件获得的，其中所述脚对应于被配置为与飞机板接触的加强筋的边缘，以及其中所述筋对应于加强筋的其余部分，并包括筋边缘。
该制造方法包括：获得两个包括一组复合材料层的层压板的步骤，和通过折叠复合材料层压板将复合材料层压板中的每一者成形的步骤，每个层压板具有“L”型横截面；
该制造方法包括连结两个层压板以获得具有“T”型横截面的预制件的步骤。特别地，使用两个具有“L”型横截面的层压板，它们可以在第二层压板的“L”的筋的后面，通过第一层压板的“L”的筋来连结，其中筋边缘处于相同的高度，以获得具有“T”型横截面的预制件。
该制造方法包括成型筋边缘以获得半圆形筋边缘的横截面的步骤。因此，预制件的筋的自由边缘被圆形化，以减少脱层的可能性，或者在存储诸如水、脂肪等液体时(其在经过一段时间后)减少可能对层压板的损坏。
该制造方法还包括将半固化玻璃纤维带和新的预浸玻璃纤维带施加到筋边缘。应用到筋的成型边缘的纤维带能够将层压板的边缘保持在一起，并因此确保筋边缘在一段时间后仍然维持其圆形形状，同时进一步防止筋边缘脱层。在通过这些带，筋边缘留有平滑连续的抛光度(finish)，即“网状”。
最后，该制造方法还包括固化预制件以获得具有网状的筋边缘的具有“T”型横截面的加强筋的步骤。一旦愈合(healed)，筋边缘的形状以及覆盖它的带将保持在原位，并且它们的形状保持不变。
在第一示例中，该制造方法包括在固化之前将柔性真空袋施加到预制件的步骤，该柔性真空袋在固化步骤之后从加强筋去除。
在第一示例中，该制造方法包括将热施加到筋边缘以软化该一组复合材料层的步骤。施加的热足够低，以使CFRP树脂不会固化。
在第一示例中，该制造方法还包括在获得半圆形横截面之前，成型筋边缘以获得楔形横截面。将筋边缘成型为楔形横截面可以使在两个层压板在“背靠背”附接在一起时，筋边缘从开放的“V”形边缘更容易过渡到半圆形。
本发明的另一方面涉及加强筋，其包括通过根据本发明的第一方面的制造方法获得的具有“T”型横截面的特定几何形状。
本发明的第三方面涉及用于成型加强筋的预制件的筋边缘的装置，加强筋具有“T”型横截面是用碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料CFRP制成的，其中加强筋包括筋和脚，其中脚对应于被配置为与飞机板接触的加强筋的边缘，以及其中筋对应于加强筋的其余部分。
该装置包括热施加装置，配置为软化预制件的筋边缘处的一组复合材料层；以及一组辊筒，配置为获得具有半圆形横截面的筋边缘。
该一组辊筒包括第一分组的楔形辊筒，用于成型具有楔形横截面的筋边缘。
该一组辊筒还包括第二分组的月牙形圆形辊筒，用于成型具有半圆形横截面的筋边缘。
附图说明
为了补充做出的描述，并为了更好地理解根据本发明的制造方法的特点，随附一组图，作为说明书的组成部分。以下图示仅供说明目的，不具有限制性。
图1示出具有“T”型横截面的加强筋预制件及在加强筋的筋边缘产生的书本效应。
图2示出通过成型预制件的筋边缘进行的成形。
图3A和图3B示出根据本发明的制造过程的成型步骤。
图3C示出对筋边缘施加半固化玻璃纤维带、预浸玻璃纤维带，以及对预制件施加柔性真空袋的步骤。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明制造方法的步骤获得的(“新的”或“预固化的”)预制件(100)，该制造方法对应于获得两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)，复合材料层压板包括一组复合材料层；通过折叠复合材料层压板(110a，110b)，使每一者具有“L”型横截面，来成形两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)中的每一者；以及将两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)连结以获得具有“T”型横截面的预制件(100)。
如图1所示，复合材料层压板(110a，110b)的不同长度的每个层产生筋的开放的“V”形边缘(120a)。
图2示出成型预制件(100)的筋边缘(120a)的步骤(或成型步骤)，其消除书本效应：
该成型是在获得两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)的步骤之后进行的，复合材料层压板包括一组复合材料层，如图1所示的预制件(100)。
该成型也是在通过折叠两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)成“L”型横截面来成形两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)的步骤之后，以及连结两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)具有“T”型横截面以获得加强筋的预制件(100)的步骤之后进行的。
当折叠两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)时，在筋边缘(120a)处产生书本效应，该书本效应可以在现有技术的图1中看到，导致筋边缘呈“V”型，这在本说明书的背景技术部分中有所描述。为了消除筋边缘(120a)的书本效应，根据本发明的制造方法包括成型预制件(100)的筋边缘(120a)的步骤，该步骤如图2所示，就获得“T”型横截面。
如图2所示，成型步骤或操作是通过装置(1000)来实施的，所述装置配置为通过热施加装置(300)在第一阶段将热施加到筋边缘(120a)以软化该边缘的一组复合材料层，以及在第二阶段，通过一组楔形辊筒(310)和一组圆形辊筒(311)来成型筋边缘表面(120a)，以获得具有半圆形横截面的筋边缘(120a)。在这一步骤结束时，在筋边缘(120a)上产生了圆形形状，闭合了与较短的内层相关联的内部间隙，从而消除了书本效应。
图3A示出通过楔形辊筒分组(310)成型筋边缘表面(120a)的步骤，该楔形辊筒分组包括楔形，以将筋边缘(120a)成型成楔形横截面。
图3B示出通过月牙形圆形辊筒(311)成型筋边缘表面(120a)的步骤，以将筋边缘(120a)成型成包括半圆形横截面的最终形状。
图3C示出在固化步骤之前对筋边缘(120a)施加半固化玻璃纤维带(L1)，新的预浸玻璃纤维带(L2)，以及对预制件施加柔性真空袋(L3)的步骤，从而实现“网状”的筋边缘(120a)。
筋边缘(120a)覆盖有半固化玻璃纤维型材(profile)(L1)，并在其上方覆盖新的预浸玻璃纤维带(L2)。玻璃纤维型材(L1)的状态提供了足够的刚性，使得筋边缘(120a)可以受控地成型，并且允许实现与预制件(100)的树脂良好粘合。预浸玻璃纤维带(L2)的新状态使其能够在预制件(100)固化后将半固化玻璃纤维型材(L1)固定在筋边缘(120a)处。
预制件(100)连同包括半固化玻璃纤维带(L1)和新的预浸玻璃纤维带(L2)的玻璃纤维型材，在柔性真空袋(L3)中固化包裹，柔性真空袋(L3)适应于筋边缘(120a)的实际形状，如图3C所示，以实现良好的固结而无树脂或纤维的移动，从而获得“网状”的筋边缘(120a)。在固化步骤之后，可以将柔性真空袋(L3)从加强筋去除。

Claims (8)

1.用碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料CFRP制成的具有“T”型横截面的加强筋的制造方法，其中所述加强筋是由预制件(100)获得的，所述预制件(100)包括筋(120)和脚(130)，其中所述脚(130)对应于被配置为与飞机板接触的所述加强筋的边缘，以及其中所述筋(120)对应于所述加强筋的其余部分并且包括筋边缘(120a)，所述制造方法包括以下步骤：
获得两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)，所述复合材料层压板包括一组复合材料层；
通过将所述复合材料层压板(110a，110b)各自折叠成具有“L”型横截面来成形所述两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)中的每一者；
连结所述两个复合材料层压板(110a，110b)以获得具有“T”型横截面的所述预制件(100)；
成型所述筋边缘(120a)，以获得所述筋边缘(120a)的半圆形横截面；
将半固化的玻璃纤维带(L1)和新的预浸玻璃纤维带(L2)施加到所述筋边缘(120a)；以及
使所述预制件(100)固化以获得具有网状的所述筋边缘(120a)的具有“T”型横截面的所述加强筋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，还包括将热施加到所述筋边缘(120a)以软化所述一组复合材料层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制造方法，还包括：
在使所述预制件(100)固化的步骤之前，将柔性真空袋(L3)施加到所述预制件；以及
在所述步骤之后，去除所述柔性真空袋(L3)。
4.根据任一前述权利要求所述的制造方法，还包括在获得半圆形横截面之前，成型所述筋边缘(120a)以获得楔形横截面。
5.加强筋，包括通过根据权利要求1至4所述的制造方法获得的具有“T”型横截面的特定几何形状。
6.用于从加强筋成型预制件(100)的筋边缘(120a)的装置(1000)，所述加强筋具有“T”型横截面是用碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料CFRP制成的，其中所述加强筋包括筋(120)和脚(130)，其中所述脚(130)对应于被配置为与飞机板接触的所述加强筋的边缘，以及其中所述筋(120)对应于所述加强筋的其余部分，所述装置(1000)包括：
热施加装置(300)，配置为软化所述预制件(100)的所述筋边缘(120a)；以及
一组辊筒，配置为成型所述筋边缘(120a)，以获得半圆形横截面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置(1000)，其中，所述一组辊筒包括楔形辊筒分组(310)，所述楔形辊筒分组(310)配置为成型所述筋边缘(120a)，以获得楔形横截面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置(1000)，其中，所述一组辊筒包括圆形辊筒分组(311)，所述圆形辊筒分组(311)配置为将所述筋边缘(120a)成型成月牙形状，以获得所述半圆形横截面。
CN202310969429.0A 2022-08-09 2023-08-03 网状加强筋的制造方法 Pending CN117584496A (zh)

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