CN117581832A - Device and method for evaluating risk of invasion of foreign ant species into wetland - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating risk of invasion of foreign ant species into wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN117581832A CN117581832A CN202311772003.2A CN202311772003A CN117581832A CN 117581832 A CN117581832 A CN 117581832A CN 202311772003 A CN202311772003 A CN 202311772003A CN 117581832 A CN117581832 A CN 117581832A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for evaluating the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into wetland, belonging to the technical field of pest control, wherein the device comprises a box body, an artificial formic nest, a plastic bowl, a vertical pipe and a plastic cover platform, wherein the plastic bowl is filled with water and covered with duckweed on the water surface to simulate wetland environment, and an artificial channel for ants to eat is built by using an adhesive tape, and the evaluation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing to put an evaluation device and an artificial formic nest in a box body in the early stage; placing the bait in the center of the plastic cover platform; placing the external ants to be evaluated into an artificial formic nest in the experimental process; continuously observing foraging behavior of ants to be evaluated within 5 hours; and evaluating the risk condition of invasion of the external ant species into the wetland according to the data. The device and the method provided by the invention are quick and accurate, are convenient to operate, are beneficial to timely making effective prevention measures according to the risk assessment grade, and reduce the harm of external ants to the wetland ecosystem in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a device and a method for evaluating the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into a wetland.
Background
With the acceleration of globalization process, foreign species invasion has become one of the serious environmental threat problems. In recent years, research has been conducted to find that exotic ant species such as solenopsis invicta, etc. successively invade the global wetland ecosystem. When external ants invade the wetland, eggs and pups of other invertebrates and vertebrates can be prey, the ecological system is destroyed, the biodiversity is reduced, and the wetland is taken as an important carrier for biodiversity and ecological system stability, and has important effects on maintaining biodiversity, conserving water sources, purifying water quality, coping with climate change, resisting disasters and the like. Therefore, the invasion risk is evaluated in time, effective prevention measures are formulated, and prevention of foreign ant species is of great importance to the harm of the wetland ecosystem in China.
At present, a method for evaluating the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into the wetland in China is mainly field investigation. Although the field investigation can ensure the accuracy of investigation results, the field investigation has high labor cost, long time consumption and a plurality of uncontrollable factors, so that the problems of low evaluation efficiency, untimely ant discovery in an invasion area and the like are caused, and the optimal period of prevention and control is delayed, so that the wetland ecosystem is damaged.
Therefore, how to provide a device and a method for evaluating the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into wetland is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a device and a method for evaluating the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into the wetland, which can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the risk level of invasion of the foreign ant species into the wetland, and has great significance for making effective prevention measures and preventing the damage of the foreign ant species to the wetland ecosystem in China.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an apparatus for assessing the risk of foreign ant species invading a wetland, comprising:
the box body is internally provided with an artificial formic nest;
the plastic bowl is positioned in the box body, the middle part of the plastic bowl is fixedly connected with a vertical pipe, the top end of the vertical pipe is fixedly provided with a plastic cover platform, the top surface of the plastic bowl is coplanar with the top surface of the plastic cover platform, the plastic bowl is filled with water, and the water surface is covered with duckweed and simulates a wetland environment of lakes, ponds and water areas covered by duckweed along the coasts;
the adhesive tape, the one end of adhesive tape is fixed one side top of plastics bowl, the other end of adhesive tape is fixed in the box, the other end of adhesive tape with artifical formicary has the interval distance, the adhesive tape establishes the artificial passageway that the ant got the food, the bait that supplies the ant to get the food has been placed on the plastics lid platform.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the box body is used for providing a test field and a space, an artificial formic nest is placed in the box body, the plastic bowl and the plastic cover platform are matched to form an evaluation device, water is filled in the plastic bowl and duckweed is covered on the water surface to simulate the environment of the wetland, an artificial channel for feeding ants is constructed by using the adhesive tape, the risk of invasion of external ants into the wetland is evaluated by observing the foraging behavior of the ants, and the device has the characteristics and advantages of low cost, simplicity in operation, short time consumption and convenience in observation.
The invention also provides a method for evaluating the risk of invasion of the external ant species into the wetland, which comprises the following steps of:
step one: preparing in the earlier stage, installing a plastic cover platform in a plastic bowl, filling water in the plastic bowl and spreading duckweed on the water surface to simulate the wetland environment of lakes, ponds and water areas covered by duckweed along the coasts, placing the plastic bowl in a box body, constructing an artificial passage for ants to eat by using an adhesive tape, placing an artificial formic nest in the box body, and placing baits on the plastic cover platform;
step two: starting a test, putting the external ants to be evaluated into an artificial formic nest, and continuously observing foraging behaviors of the ants to be evaluated within 5 hours;
step three: respectively observing collective carrying behaviors and individual carrying behaviors of external ants, wherein the collective carrying behaviors and the individual carrying behaviors comprise the times that the ants find food on the plastic cover platform, the food is carried away from the plastic cover platform by the ants and the food is carried away from the plastic bowl by the ants;
step four: evaluating the risk condition of foreign ant species invading the wetland according to the data of the third step, wherein the frequency of finding food by the foreign ants in the collective carrying behavior is the same as the frequency of finding food by the foreign ants in the individual carrying behavior; the number of times of the external ants in the collective conveying action to remove the food from the plastic bowl is obviously smaller than the number of times of the external ants in the individual conveying action to remove the food from the plastic bowl, and the risk level of invasion of the external ant species into the wetland is evaluated by the total number of times of the collective conveying action and the completion of the external ants in the individual conveying action to find the food, remove the food from the plastic cover platform and remove the food from the plastic bowl.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the foraging behavior data are obtained by respectively observing the total number of times of finishing that the external ants find food, remove the food from the plastic cover platform and remove the food from the plastic bowl in the collective conveying behavior and the individual conveying behavior, the collective conveying behavior and the individual conveying behavior are assigned and scored based on the results, and the risk and the like of the external ants invading the wetland are classified into different risk grades by integrating the collective conveying and the individual conveying assigned and scored results, so that the risk grade of the invasion of the external ants into the wetland is effectively evaluated by observing the foraging behavior of the external ants on the surface of duckweed and the calculated conveying result.
Preferably, in the first step, one end of the adhesive tape is adhered to the top of the inner side wall of the plastic bowl by 2cm, and the other end of the adhesive tape is 2cm away from the artificial formic nest.
Preferably, in the first step, the artificial formicary is formed by mixing 100g of gypsum powder and 55ml of water and pouring the mixture into a culture dish with the diameter of 15cm, a plurality of holes for ants to enter and exit are formed in the edge of the side wall of the culture dish after gypsum is dried, and black card paper is covered on the top of the culture dish to simulate the darkroom effect.
Preferably, in the first step, the bait is a square ham sausage flake or a ham sausage granule.
Preferably, in the fourth step, scores are assigned to the collective carrying behaviors and the individual carrying behaviors, collective carrying coefficients and individual carrying coefficients are set, the collective carrying coefficients are larger than the individual carrying coefficients, and risk levels of invasion of the external ants into the wetland are divided according to the scores assigned to the collective carrying behaviors and the individual carrying behaviors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of an apparatus for assessing the risk of invasion of a foreign ant species into a wetland;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second construction of an apparatus for evaluating the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into a wetland according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a collective handling test of ants on duckweed surface according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sample handling test of ants on the surface of duckweed according to example 2 of the present invention.
1 box, 2 artificial formicary, 3 plastic bowl, 4 vertical pipe, 5 plastic cover platform, 6 adhesive tape, 7 bait and 8 duckweed.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into wetland, which comprises the following steps:
step one: preparing in the earlier stage, installing a plastic cover platform 5 in a plastic bowl 3, filling water in the plastic bowl 3 and spreading duckweed on the water surface to simulate the wetland environment of lakes, ponds and water areas covered by duckweed along the coasts, placing the plastic bowl 3 in a box body 1, constructing an artificial channel for ants to eat by using an adhesive tape 6, placing an artificial formicary 2 in the box body 1, and placing a bait 7 on the plastic cover platform 5;
step two: starting a test, putting the external ants to be evaluated into an artificial ant nest for 2,5 hours, and continuously observing foraging behaviors of the ants to be evaluated;
step three: respectively observing collective carrying behaviors and individual carrying behaviors of external ants, wherein the collective carrying behaviors and the individual carrying behaviors comprise the times that the ants find food on the plastic cover platform 5, the food is carried away from the plastic cover platform 5 by the ants and the food is carried away from the plastic bowl 3 by the ants;
step four: evaluating the risk condition of foreign ant species invading the wetland according to the data of the third step, wherein the frequency of finding food by the foreign ants in the collective carrying behavior is the same as the frequency of finding food by the foreign ants in the individual carrying behavior; the number of times of the external ants in the collective carrying action to remove the food from the plastic bowl 3 is obviously smaller than the number of times of the external ants in the individual carrying action to remove the food from the plastic bowl 3, and the risk level of the invasion of the external ant species into the wetland is evaluated by the total number of times of the collective carrying action and the completion of the external ants in the individual carrying action to find the food, remove the food from the plastic cover platform and remove the food from the plastic bowl.
Specific example 1: collective carrying behavior observation of solenopsis invicta on surface of sophorae duckweed
1.1 experimental preparation procedure:
collecting solenopsis invicta: the 10 nest solenopsis invicta used in the experiment was collected in nursery lands (23 deg. 25'N,113 deg. 41' E) near the forest park in the foot lake of Guangzhou city. During collection, the formicary is firstly scraped, a formicary nest is collected from a single formicary (the diameter is larger than 30 cm), the distance between the formicary nests is larger than 5m, eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the solenopsis invicta are quickly transferred to a transparent plastic box (50 multiplied by 37 multiplied by 26 cm) by using a shovel, and talcum powder with 3% alcohol is coated on the inner wall of the box in advance so as to prevent the solenopsis invicta from climbing or escaping. And (5) cleaning sundries such as branches in the box, and then moving the cleaned sundries to the indoor feeding within 2 hours. Only water was fed in the first three days, and after three days 1 frozen cricket was fed daily, 4 tubes of distilled water and 1 tube of meadow water. The feeding was checked once daily and recorded. All formicary should be kept at least one week indoors before use.
The method comprises the steps of separating and obtaining the solenopsis invicta colony by using a dripping method, specifically using a pvc transparent hose with the length of 200cm and the diameter of 0.5cm, respectively connecting two ends of the hose with a water tap and a formic nest arranged in a plastic box, enabling the hose connected with one end of the formic nest to be not contacted with soil, fixing the hose at the upper end of the formic nest by using a clamp, dripping 300 drops per minute for 5 hours, taking out 18g of the solenopsis invicta worker ant, 1g of eggs and 1 ant, quickly placing the solenopsis invicta worker in a white box body 1 (65 cm multiplied by 41cm multiplied by 15.5 cm), and coating talcum powder with 3% alcohol on the inner wall of the box body in advance to prevent the solenopsis invicta from climbing or escaping. The box body, the leached ants and the artificial ant nest form a sub-nest together, wherein the sub-nest is an artificial nest, specifically, after the ants collected in the field are leached out, part of ants required by experiments are put into the box body, and then the artificial ant nest is put into the box body, and the whole sub-nest is called as a sub-nest; all the sub-nests are placed with 1 artificial formic nest, the artificial formic nest is composed of culture dishes with the diameter of 15cm and gypsum, according to the proportion of adding 55mL of water into 100g of gypsum powder, the mixture is uniformly mixed and poured into the culture dishes with the diameter of 15cm, 3 small holes with the diameter of 1X 2cm are formed on the edges of the culture dishes for the ants to enter and exit after the dried culture dishes, the tops of the culture dishes are covered by superplastic black card paper so as to achieve the effect of a dark room, the culture dishes are placed in leached experimental nests (the experimental nest refers to a box body containing the leached ants), 10 sub-nests are leached in the same method, each sub-nest is fed with 2 pipes of water, 1 pipe of honey water and 1 frost cricket for one week, normal feeding is carried out on days 1-5, and only water and honey water are fed on days 5 and 6, so that the leached ants are smoothly placed into the artificial formic nest.
Duckweed: the duckweed 8 is duckweed Salvinia natans (L.) all, and the duckweed is subjected to water culture and protection for subsequent experiments.
1.2 Experimental procedure
As shown in fig. 1-2, a 10mL vertical pipe 4 with the length of 8cm is adhered to the middle of the bottom of a plastic bowl 3 by using hot melt adhesive, the diameter of the plastic bowl 3 is 17cm, the height of the plastic bowl is 8cm, a plastic cover platform 5 is adhered to the top end of the vertical pipe 4, the diameter of the plastic cover platform 5 is 3cm, and the height of the plastic cover platform 5 is 1.1cm, so that the cover surface of the plastic cover platform 5 and the top bowl surface of the plastic bowl 3 are required to be ensured to be positioned on the same plane. One end of an adhesive tape 6 with the length of 15cm and the width of 1.5cm is adhered to the top of the inner side wall of the plastic bowl 3 by 2cm. The surface of a plastic bowl 3 filled with water is covered by sophorae duckweed, a square slice of ham sausage with the length of 5 multiplied by 1mm is placed in the middle of a plastic cover platform 5, finally the plastic bowl 3 is placed in a plastic box body 1 provided with an artificial formic nest 2, the other end of an adhesive tape 6 is adhered to the position 2cm away from the outlet of the artificial formic nest 2, and a manual passage is simulated for ants to eat.
The experiment is repeated with 10 formicary, the experiment duration is 5h, the collective carrying behavior of the solenopsis invicta is continuously observed, the method specifically comprises the steps that the ants find food on the plastic cover platform 5, the food is carried away from the plastic cover platform 5 by the ants, the food is carried away from the plastic bowl 3 by the ants, and the experiment process is referred to as figure 3.
Specific example 2: individual handling behavior observation of solenopsis invicta on surface of sophorae duckweed
2.1 Experimental materials and preparation Process
The formic nest and duckweed used in the experiment are described in example 1.
2.2 Experimental procedure
As shown in figures 1-2, a 10mL riser 4 with the length of 8cm is fixed in the middle of the bottom of a plastic bowl by using hot melt adhesive, a plastic cover platform 5 is fixed at the top end of the riser 4, and the cover surface and the bowl surface are positioned on the same plane. One end of an adhesive tape with the length of 15cm and the width of 1.5cm is adhered to the inner wall of the upper side of the plastic bowl 3 by 2cm. The surface of a plastic bowl 3 filled with water is covered by sophorae duckweed, ham sausage particles with the diameter of 1 multiplied by 1mm are placed in the middle of a plastic cover platform 5, finally, the prepared plastic bowl 3 is placed in a plastic box 1 provided with an artificial formic nest 2, the other end of an adhesive tape 6 is adhered to a position which is 2cm away from an outlet of the artificial formic nest 2, and an artificial channel is simulated for ants to eat.
The experiment is repeated with 10 formicary, the experiment duration is 5h, the individual carrying behaviors of the solenopsis invicta are continuously observed, the experiment comprises the steps that the ants find out food on the plastic cover platform, the food is carried away from the plastic cover platform by the ants, the food is carried away from the plastic bowl by the ants, and the experiment process is carried out according to the attached figure 4.
Table 1 shows the results of the experiments of example 1 and example 2, in the repetition of 10 formicary for collective and individual handling experiments, the solenopsis invicta can find food on the plastic lid platform over the sophorae duckweed, while in individual handling the solenopsis invicta can remove food almost from the plastic lid platform and the plastic bowl container. For collective handling, few solenopsis invicta will remove food from the plastic bowl, and more from the plastic lid platform.
Based on the above results, the collective and individual handling behaviors were assigned scores, the collective handling coefficient was 3, the individual handling coefficient was 2, and the risk total score=a× 3+b ×2 (a is the total number of times the food, the removal platform, and the removal container were found in the collective handling, and b is the total number of times the food, the removal platform, and the removal container were found in the individual handling). The specific assignment results are shown in table 2:
integrating the collective handling and individual handling assignment scoring results, and classifying the risk level of the invasion of the external ants into the following four levels:
first-order: none, the total risk score was 0 points;
and (2) second-stage: the total risk score is between 0 and 50 points;
three stages: wherein the total risk score is between 50 and 100 points;
four stages: high risk score is over 100.
According to the invention, through observing the foraging behaviors of the solenopsis invicta on the surfaces of the duckweed in the way of collective transportation and individual transportation, the solenopsis invicta can surmount the duckweed for foraging and carry out food transportation, and through the transportation result, the risk level of invasion of foreign ant species into the wetland is effectively estimated. The device and the method are not only suitable for solenopsis invicta, french ant, changzu ant, black head acid stink ant, changjiao solenopsis invicta, tropical solenopsis invicta, wild harvest ant, flea cockroach violent ant, bulldog ant and other external ants invading the wetland risk assessment. The duckweed includes, but is not limited to, sesame seed, pagodatree leaf, azolla, africa, duckweed, eichhornia crassipes, pitaegus pinnatifida, tian Ziping, theobroma, brasenia schreberi, oletum Trogopterori, and the like. The method can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the risk level of invasion of the external ant species into the wetland, and has important significance for formulating effective prevention measures and preventing the damage of the external ant species to the wetland ecosystem in China.
For the device and the use method disclosed in the embodiments, since the device and the use method correspond to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant places refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for assessing the risk of invasion of a foreign ant species into a wetland comprising:
the artificial formic acid nest (2) is arranged in the box body (1);
the plastic bowl (3), the plastic bowl (3) is located in the box body (1), a vertical pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the middle of the plastic bowl (3), a plastic cover platform (5) is fixed to the top end of the vertical pipe (4), the top surface of the plastic bowl (3) is coplanar with the top surface of the plastic cover platform (5), water is filled in the plastic bowl (3), duckweed (8) is covered on the water surface, and the wetland environment of lakes, ponds and water areas covered by duckweed along the coasts is simulated;
the adhesive tape (6), one end of adhesive tape (6) is fixed one side top of plastics bowl (3), the other end of adhesive tape (6) is fixed in box (1), the other end of adhesive tape (6) with artifical formicary (2) have the interval distance, the artifical passageway that the ant got is established to adhesive tape (6), bait (7) that the confession ant got the food have been placed on plastics lid platform (5).
2. A method of assessing the risk of invasion of a foreign ant species into a wetland using the apparatus for assessing the risk of invasion of a foreign ant species into a wetland according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one: preparing in the earlier stage, installing a plastic cover platform (5) in a plastic bowl (3), filling water in the plastic bowl (3) and spreading duckweed on the water surface to simulate the wetland environment of lakes, ponds and water areas covered by duckweed along the coasts, placing the plastic bowl (3) in a box body (1) and constructing an artificial channel for ants to eat by using an adhesive tape (6), placing an artificial formicary (2) in the box body (1), and placing baits (7) on the plastic cover platform (5);
step two: starting a test, putting the external ants to be evaluated into an artificial formic nest (2), and continuously observing foraging behaviors of the ants to be evaluated within 5 hours;
step three: respectively observing collective carrying behaviors and individual carrying behaviors of external ants, wherein the collective carrying behaviors and the individual carrying behaviors comprise the times that the ants find food on the plastic cover platform (5), the food is carried away from the plastic cover platform (5) by the ants and the food is carried away from the plastic bowl (3) by the ants;
step four: evaluating the risk condition of foreign ant species invading the wetland according to the data of the third step, wherein the frequency of finding food by the foreign ants in the collective carrying behavior is the same as the frequency of finding food by the foreign ants in the individual carrying behavior; the number of times of the external ants in the collective carrying action to remove the food from the plastic bowl (3) is obviously smaller than the number of times of the external ants in the individual carrying action to remove the food from the plastic bowl (3), and the risk level of invasion of the external ant species into the wetland is evaluated by the total number of times of the collective carrying action and the completion of the external ants in the individual carrying action to find the food, remove the food from the plastic cover platform and remove the food from the plastic bowl.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, one end of the adhesive tape (6) is adhered to the top of the inner sidewall of the plastic bowl (3) by 2cm, and the other end of the adhesive tape (6) is 2cm away from the artificial formicary (2).
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the artificial formicary (2) is formed by mixing 100g of gypsum powder and 55ml of water and pouring into a culture dish with a diameter of 15cm, a plurality of holes for ants to enter and exit are formed on the edge of the side wall of the culture dish after the gypsum is dried, and black card paper is covered on the top of the culture dish to simulate the darkroom effect.
5. A method for assessing the risk of invasion of foreign ant species into the wetland according to claim 2, wherein in step one, the bait (7) is a square sheet of ham sausage or a granule of ham sausage.
6. The method for evaluating the risk of invasion of the foreign ant species into the wetland according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, scores are assigned to the collective carrying behaviors and the individual carrying behaviors, the collective carrying coefficients and the individual carrying coefficients are set, and are larger than the individual carrying coefficients, and the risk level of invasion of the foreign ant into the wetland is classified according to the scores assigned to the collective carrying behaviors and the individual carrying behaviors.
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