CN117579178B - Quantum communication method and device based on random number and quantum communication system - Google Patents
Quantum communication method and device based on random number and quantum communication system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a quantum communication method and device based on random numbers, a quantum communication system, electronic equipment and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the method comprises the steps of responding to a modulation instruction of quantum communication and acquiring a random number sequence for modulation; encoding the random number sequence; and modulating the coding sequence of the quantum communication by using the coded random number sequence. According to the embodiment of the application, the random number sequence in the quantum communication is encoded and then the quantum communication modulation is carried out, so that the AC imbalance problem existing in the short sequence code pattern during modulation is solved, and the overall performance of the quantum communication system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of quantum communication, and in particular, to a random number-based quantum communication method and apparatus, a quantum communication system, an electronic device, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
Background
The quantum communication is a technology for transmitting information by taking a quantum state as a carrier, the safety of the quantum communication is ensured by a quantum physical principle, and the quantum communication has high safety. Today, the development of quantum computing is increasingly advanced, the security of classical cryptosystems based on mathematical complex problems faces great challenges, the research of quantum communication is widely focused, the development is fast, the development is mature in the field of quantum information, and the quantum communication plays an important role in the next generation of secure communication.
Currently, the quantum communication modulation scheme generally adopts an AC coupling mode in high-speed phase modulation, and a random sequence is used for a modulation code pattern. The inventors of the present application found that in the case where the number of pattern samples is sufficiently large, the numbers of 0 and 1 in the pattern approach to be uniform; however, in the case of short sequence patterns, there is an inconsistency in the number of 0 s and 1 s, especially in the case of adjacent sequences. Therefore, the existing direct modulation method using random numbers has the problem of AC imbalance, so that modulation voltages of adjacent sequences are offset, deviation is generated, and the performance of the quantum communication system is finally affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a quantum communication method and device based on random numbers, a quantum communication system, electronic equipment and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, so as to solve the problem of AC imbalance existing in the existing direct modulation mode using random numbers.
According to an aspect of the present application, a quantum communication method based on random numbers is provided, including: responding to a modulation instruction of quantum communication, and acquiring a random number sequence for modulation; encoding the random number sequence; and modulating the coding sequence of the quantum communication by using the coded random number sequence.
According to some embodiments, the random number sequence consists of 0 and 1, and encoding the random number sequence includes:
traversing the sequence of random numbers, encoding each random number in the sequence of random numbers as either a 0 or a 1.
According to some embodiments, traversing the sequence of random numbers, encoding each random number in the sequence of random numbers as 0 or 1 comprises: the random number sequence is traversed, and all random numbers in the random number sequence are encoded into binary sequences which are alternately appeared by 0 and 1 and have the same appearance times.
According to some embodiments, traversing the sequence of random numbers, encoding each random number in the sequence of random numbers as 0 or 1 comprises: traversing the random number sequence, encoding a random number 0 in the random number sequence into 01, and encoding a random number 1 in the random number sequence into 10; or traversing the random number sequence, encoding a random number 0 in the random number sequence as 10, and encoding a random number 1 in the random number sequence as 01.
According to some embodiments, modulating the encoded sequence of quantum communications with the encoded sequence of random numbers comprises: and carrying out AC coupling modulation on the coding sequence of the quantum communication by using the coded random number sequence.
According to some embodiments, the coding sequence of the quantum communication comprises a phase coding sequence, an amplitude coding sequence and/or a frequency coding sequence.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a quantum communication device based on random numbers, including: a random number sequence acquisition unit for acquiring a random number sequence for modulation in response to a modulation instruction of quantum communication; an encoding unit for encoding the random number sequence; and the modulation unit is used for modulating the coded sequence of the quantum communication by using the coded random number sequence.
According to an aspect of the present application, a quantum communication system is presented, characterized by comprising a quantum communication device as described above.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided an electronic device including: a processor; and
a memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the quantum communication method as described in any of the previous embodiments.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the quantum communication method as described in any of the previous embodiments.
According to some embodiments of the application, after the random number sequence in the quantum communication is encoded, the quantum communication modulation is performed, so that the problem of AC imbalance existing in the short sequence code pattern during modulation is solved, and the overall performance of the quantum communication system is improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a quantum communication system according to an example embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a random number based quantum communication method according to an example embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a random number based quantum communication device according to an example embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of patterns before and after encoding a random number sequence according to an example of the present application.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a code pattern of a long 1 code sequence before and after encoding with a sequence of encoded random numbers according to an example of the present application.
Fig. 6 illustrates an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the disclosed aspects may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, devices, operations, etc. In these instances, well-known structures, methods, devices, implementations, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail.
The flow diagrams depicted in the figures are exemplary only, and do not necessarily include all of the elements and operations/steps, nor must they be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps may be decomposed, and some operations/steps may be combined or partially combined, so that the order of actual execution may be changed according to actual situations.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular sequential order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In the existing various quantum communication protocols, there is a need for random modulation. Taking the phase encoding decoy BB84 protocol as an example, the decoy scheme and the phase encoding need to be modulated by random numbers.
In practice, random modulation of a quantum communication system generally uses a random number generator to generate a random sequence, and then modulates corresponding modulation information onto a specific carrier (e.g., photons) according to the random number by a modulator. Taking the most commonly used electro-optic modulator as an example, the modulation information is ultimately loaded onto the photons in the form of modulating different voltages.
In a high-speed electro-optical modulation system for quantum communication, a modulation information/code pattern generates a corresponding radio frequency signal along with a repetition frequency period of a modulation signal, and high-speed modulation information transmission and loading are realized in an AC coupling mode. Because the modulation information/code patterns have randomness, the number of samples of the code patterns is limited in short time such as adjacent code patterns, and the like, and the number of samples of the code patterns is insufficient to realize 0-1 balance, the phenomenon that the AC coupling of electric signals corresponding to adjacent code patterns is unbalanced 0-1 is caused, and the phenomenon that the AC coupling is 0 or 1 is long is also possible, so that the condition that signal distortion such as common mode voltage imbalance and the like occurs in a radio frequency signal link is caused, and the precision of adjacent modulation voltage is further influenced.
Therefore, the application provides a quantum communication method and device based on random numbers, a quantum communication system, electronic equipment and a non-transient computer readable storage medium, so as to solve the problem of AC imbalance existing in the existing direct modulation mode using the random numbers.
According to the embodiment of the application, the random number sequence in the quantum communication is encoded and then the quantum communication modulation is carried out, so that the AC imbalance problem existing in the short sequence code pattern during modulation is solved, and the overall performance of the quantum communication system is improved.
Specific embodiments according to the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a quantum communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, and a detailed description will be given below of a quantum communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, taking fig. 1 as an example.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the quantum system shown in fig. 1 is described by taking AC coupling modulation as an example for phase encoding. It should be noted that the method shown in fig. 1 is also applicable to other coding and modulation modes, and will not be described in detail herein.
The quantum communication system as shown in fig. 1 includes a phase encoding unit 101, an AC coupling modulation unit 103, a demodulation unit 105, a phase decoding unit 107, a random number generation unit 109, and a random number encoding unit 111.
According to the embodiment of the present application, the random number generating unit 109 is configured to generate a random number sequence, the random number encoding unit 111 encodes the random number sequence generated by the random number generating unit 109 according to the embodiment of the present application, and performs AC coupling modulation on the phase encoding sequence by using the encoded random number sequence, thereby solving the AC imbalance problem existing in directly performing AC coupling modulation directly with the random number sequence generated by the random number generating unit 109 when the phase encoding sequence is in a short sequence code pattern.
Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a quantum communication method based on random numbers according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, and a quantum communication method based on random numbers according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below by taking fig. 2 as an example.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S201, a random number sequence for modulation is acquired in response to a modulation instruction of quantum communication.
In step S201, the method of generating the random number sequence is not limited. Any way of generating a random number sequence is applicable to the quantum communication method described in this embodiment.
In step S203, the random number sequence is encoded.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the random number sequence generated in step S201 is composed of 0 and 1, and is encoded in step S203. For example, the random number sequences are redundantly encoded, i.e. the random number sequences are traversed, each random number in the random number sequences being encoded as a sequence of 0 and/or 1.
In some specific embodiments, the random number sequence encoded in step S203 is a binary sequence in which 0 and 1 are alternately present and the number of occurrences is the same.
For example, in step S203, the random number sequence is traversed, the random number 0 in the random number sequence is encoded as 01, and the random number 1 in the random number sequence is encoded as 10.
For another example, the random number sequence is traversed, the random number 0 in the random number sequence is encoded as 10, and the random number 1 in the random number sequence is encoded as 01.
It should be noted that the above random number encoding method is only an example, and the random number sequence encoded in step S203 in the present application is a binary sequence in which 0 and 1 occur alternately and the number of occurrences is the same, but the length of each random number encoded in the random number sequence in step S203 is not limited in the present application. For example, the random number 1 in the random number sequence may be encoded as 10 or 1010.
In step S205, the encoded random number sequence is used to modulate the encoded sequence of quantum communication.
According to embodiments of the present application, the coding sequences of the quantum communication include phase coding sequences, amplitude coding sequences, frequency coding sequences, and/or decoy state coding sequences.
In a specific embodiment, in step S205, the encoded sequence of quantum communications is AC-coupled (AC Coupling, referred to as AC Coupling) modulated with the encoded random number sequence.
According to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, after the random number sequence in the quantum communication is encoded, the quantum communication modulation is performed, so that the problem of AC imbalance in the modulation of the short sequence code pattern is solved, and the overall performance of the quantum communication system is improved.
The embodiments of the present application are described above primarily from a method perspective. Those of skill in the art will readily appreciate that the operations or steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular operation or method, and such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present application.
The following describes apparatus embodiments of the present application. For details not described in the device embodiments of the present application, reference may be made to method embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a quantum communication device based on random numbers according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, and the quantum communication device shown in fig. 3 includes a random number sequence acquisition unit 301, a coding unit 303, and a modulation unit 305.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the random number sequence acquisition unit 301 is configured to acquire a random number sequence for modulation in response to a modulation instruction of quantum communication; the encoding unit 303 is configured to encode the random number sequence; the modulation unit 305 is configured to modulate the encoded sequence of quantum communication by using the encoded random number sequence.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic code pattern before and after encoding a random number sequence according to an example of the present application, where, as shown in fig. 4, a random number 0 in the random number sequence is encoded as 01, and a random number 1 in the random number sequence is encoded as 10.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a code pattern of a long 1 code sequence before and after encoding by using a random number sequence after encoding according to an example of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, the code pattern of the long 1 code sequence before encoding by using the random number sequence after encoding has a long 1 code pattern, and the code sequence has a problem of 0-1 imbalance. After the encoded random number sequence is utilized for encoding, the problem of 0-1 imbalance caused by long 1 due to limited sample number of code patterns is solved, so that the common mode voltage imbalance and the like of a radio frequency signal link caused by 0-1 imbalance existing in the encoded sequence are avoided, and the accuracy of quantum communication encoding, particularly random modulation under the condition of high repetition frequency, is improved.
Fig. 6 illustrates an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. An electronic device 200 according to this embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to fig. 6. The electronic device 200 shown in fig. 6 is only an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments herein.
As shown in fig. 6, the electronic device 200 is in the form of a general purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 200 may include, but are not limited to: at least one processing unit 210, at least one memory unit 220, a bus 230 connecting the different system components (including the memory unit 220 and the processing unit 210), a display unit 240, and the like.
Wherein the storage unit stores program code that can be executed by the processing unit 210, such that the processing unit 210 performs the methods described herein according to various exemplary embodiments of the present application. For example, the processing unit 210 may perform the method as shown in fig. 2.
The storage unit 220 may include readable media in the form of volatile storage units, such as Random Access Memory (RAM) 2201 and/or cache memory 2202, and may further include Read Only Memory (ROM) 2203.
The storage unit 220 may also include a program/utility 2204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 2205, such program modules 2205 including, but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each or some combination of which may include an implementation of a network environment.
Bus 230 may be a bus representing one or more of several types of bus structures including a memory unit bus or memory unit controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, a processing unit, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.
The electronic device 200 may also communicate with one or more external devices 300 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, bluetooth device, etc.), one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 200, and/or any device (e.g., router, modem, etc.) that enables the electronic device 200 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication may occur through an input/output (I/O) interface 250. Also, the electronic device 200 may communicate with one or more networks such as a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), and/or a public network, such as the Internet, through a network adapter 260. Network adapter 260 may communicate with other modules of electronic device 200 via bus 230. It should be appreciated that although not shown, other hardware and/or software modules may be used in connection with electronic device 200, including, but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, data backup storage systems, and the like.
From the above description of embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the example embodiments described herein may be implemented in software, or may be implemented in software in combination with the necessary hardware. The technical solution according to the embodiments of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (may be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a mobile hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to cause a computing device (may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the above-described method according to the embodiments of the present application.
The software product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium can be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random Access Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The computer readable storage medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, with readable program code embodied therein. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A readable storage medium may also be any readable medium that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a readable storage medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Program code for carrying out operations of the present application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device, partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of remote computing devices, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., connected via the Internet using an Internet service provider).
The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs which, when executed by one of the devices, cause the computer-readable medium to perform the aforementioned functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules may be distributed throughout several devices as described in the embodiments, and that corresponding variations may be implemented in one or more devices that are unique to the embodiments. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or may be further split into a plurality of sub-modules.
According to an embodiment of the present application, a computer program is presented, comprising a computer program or instructions which, when executed by a processor, can perform the method described above.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more detailed description of embodiments of the present application, wherein specific examples have been provided herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, and wherein the above examples are provided to assist in the understanding of the methods and concepts of the present application. Meanwhile, based on the ideas of the present application, those skilled in the art can make changes or modifications on the specific embodiments and application scope of the present application, which belong to the scope of the protection of the present application. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the application.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum communication method based on random numbers, comprising:
responding to a modulation instruction of quantum communication, and acquiring a random number sequence for modulation;
encoding the random number sequence, wherein the encoded random number sequence is a binary sequence which alternately appears from 0 to 1 and has the same appearance frequency;
the coded random number sequence is directly utilized to modulate the coding sequence of quantum communication.
2. The quantum communication method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of random numbers consists of 0 and 1, and encoding the sequence of random numbers comprises:
traversing the sequence of random numbers, encoding each random number in the sequence of random numbers as either a 0 or a 1.
3. The quantum communication method of claim 2, wherein traversing the sequence of random numbers, encoding each random number in the sequence of random numbers as 0 or 1 comprises:
the random number sequence is traversed, and all random numbers in the random number sequence are encoded into binary sequences which are alternately appeared by 0 and 1 and have the same appearance times.
4. The quantum communication method of claim 2, wherein traversing the sequence of random numbers, encoding each random number in the sequence of random numbers as 0 or 1 comprises:
traversing the random number sequence, encoding a random number 0 in the random number sequence into 01, and encoding a random number 1 in the random number sequence into 10; or (b)
Traversing the random number sequence, encoding a random number 0 in the random number sequence as 10, and encoding a random number 1 in the random number sequence as 01.
5. The method of quantum communication of claim 1, wherein modulating the encoded sequence of quantum communication with the encoded sequence of random numbers comprises:
and carrying out AC coupling modulation on the coding sequence of the quantum communication by using the coded random number sequence.
6. The quantum communication method according to claim 1, wherein the coding sequence of the quantum communication comprises a phase coding sequence, an amplitude coding sequence and/or a frequency coding sequence.
7. A random number based quantum communication device, comprising:
a random number sequence acquisition unit for acquiring a random number sequence for modulation in response to a modulation instruction of quantum communication;
the coding unit is used for coding the random number sequence, wherein the coded random number sequence is a binary sequence which alternately appears from 0 to 1 and has the same appearance frequency;
and the modulation unit is used for modulating the coding sequence of the quantum communication by directly utilizing the coded random number sequence.
8. A quantum communication system comprising the quantum communication device of claim 7.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; and
a memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the quantum communication method of any one of claims 1-6.
10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer readable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the quantum communication method of any of claims 1-6.
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