CN117572509B - Mining method of hydrothermal pulse type mineral product related to porphyry activities - Google Patents
Mining method of hydrothermal pulse type mineral product related to porphyry activities Download PDFInfo
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- CN117572509B CN117572509B CN202311541058.2A CN202311541058A CN117572509B CN 117572509 B CN117572509 B CN 117572509B CN 202311541058 A CN202311541058 A CN 202311541058A CN 117572509 B CN117572509 B CN 117572509B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
- E21B25/16—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors for obtaining oriented cores
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
- G01V3/081—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices the magnetic field is produced by the objects or geological structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1793—Remote sensing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining method of hot liquid pulse type mineral products related to porphyry activities, which comprises the following steps: firstly, primarily reducing a mining target area by utilizing regional detection abnormality, then selecting a linear structural development section by utilizing 1:1 ten thousand remote sensing interpretation to further reduce the mining target area, and then utilizing 1:1 ten thousand high-precision magnetic detection and 1: the method comprises the steps of positioning the favorable position for prospecting by using the make a preliminary survey circles of geology of 1 ten thousand, positioning the mineralized zone position by using the soil profile, performing surface and deep verification by using the groove drilling engineering, and finally finding out the shape, scale, yield, grade change condition and interrelation of mineralized bodies. The invention is simple, has low cost investment and good effect, achieves the aim of quick ore finding, and obtains excellent ore finding effect in Wu Zhu mol area of Dongkunlun Wulan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological prospecting, in particular to a hot-liquid pulse type mineral prospecting method related to a porphyry activity.
Background
The mineral prospecting is geological mineral work carried out in a certain area for searching and evaluating mineral products required by the national economy, namely, various mineral products are discovered by comprehensively applying basic knowledge and theory of geological science and using necessary technical methods. The current popular prospecting technology is three-dimensional prospecting, the prospecting deployment is developed by using the porphyry prospecting system theory obtained by research, the vacancy prospecting is performed under the guidance of a deposit model, the current remote sensing technology, the ground geophysics, the geochemical profile, the slot, the drilling engineering and other technologies are fully utilized to gradually narrow the prospecting range, and the target body is controlled.
The large area of the Dongkunlun western Ulan Wu Zhu is exposed out of the clay basin to invade the rock, and the stratum is not developed. The topography in the area is steep, bedrock is exposed or broken stone is covered, so that outcrop such as mineralization, alteration clues and the like is difficult to be directly found on the ground surface, and the direct mining efficiency is low. Therefore, how to research a mining method of hydrothermal pulse type mineral products related to the activity of porphyry in granite areas becomes a problem to be solved urgently by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hot-liquid pulse type mineral prospecting method related to the porphyry activity, so as to solve the problems in the prior art and improve the prospecting success rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mining method of hot-liquid pulse type mineral products related to the activity of porphyry comprises the following steps:
Firstly, developing a fault location ore finding by taking a porphyry ore forming system theory as a guide, analyzing known porphyry ore deposits and surrounding nesting abnormal detection based on geological background and regional abnormal detection, and determining a region with well-nested low-temperature elements and obvious concentration centers as a first preferable target area;
Step two, developing 1 aiming at a first preferred target area: 1 ten thousand remote sensing interpretation, selecting a linear dense-structure staggered development area as a second preferred target area according to structural characteristics in the first preferred target area;
Step three, developing 1 for the second preferred target region: 1 ten thousand high-precision magnetic method measurement, selecting positive and negative magnetic abnormal conversion bands in strip shape and bead shape to indicate the position of structural broken band or fracture, and adding 1:1 ten thousand geology make a preliminary survey, identifying a structural fracture zone with siliconizing, sericite, chlorite petrochemical, potash, or limonitic hydrothermal alteration characteristics, and determining the structural fracture zone as a third preferred target zone;
Step four, carrying out large scale rock or soil profile measurement aiming at a third preferred target area, and defining a high value section sleeved with low temperature elements or a chemical detection abnormal zone in a strip-shaped spread mode to determine a fourth preferred target area;
Fifthly, shallow ore body control is carried out by assisting a groove detection or shallow drilling engineering on a chemical detection abnormal zone distributed on a high-value section or a strip-shaped spread of the chemical detection section, and a surface shallow ore body is defined;
And step six, determining the grade, thickness, scale and occurrence change condition of the deep ore body by utilizing a drilling engineering technology aiming at the shallow ore body on the earth surface.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the rock or soil profile measurement scale is 1:5000 or 1:2000; when the soil profile is measured, the profile is positioned by adopting a high-precision GPS, samples are respectively collected according to the horizontal point distance of 10m/5m, the particle size of minus 10 to plus 60 is adopted, the sampling medium is mainly the residual material on the bedrock surface, namely, fine rock scraps, fine sandy soil and silt soil of the layer C are mainly collected, the covering thickness is larger than 1m, the slope residual material on the lower part of the layer B is collected, and the sample collecting layer is basically required to be consistent; the weight of the sample is ensured to be not less than 180g after sieving, and the test data is used for preparing a localization comprehensive section view by software; and combining the structural spreading characteristics, and delineating a high-value section of the localization detection section or a localization detection abnormal zone of the strip-shaped spreading.
Preferably, the operation process of shallow exposure, topdressing and controlling the specific position, form and characteristics of mineralized zone or mineralized body by utilizing the groove detection in the fifth step is to preliminarily determine the position and mineralized layer of the surface ore-bearing body, and perform the specific layout of the groove detection engineering on the basis of the on-site survey inspection, wherein the groove detection engineering is arranged on the ore-bearing section with the coverage thickness not more than 3m and is perpendicular to the long axis direction and the stratum trend direction of the target geologic body; the width of the groove bottom is not less than 0.8m, the depth is not more than 3m, and the groove bottom penetrates into bedrock by 0.3-0.5m, so that the top and bottom plates of a mineralized body or layered interfaces can be clearly observed, and the shape elements can be measured; the chemical sample tank is arranged at the joint of the tank wall and the tank bottom, and marked with a sample number, the specification of the sample tank is 10 multiplied by 5cm, the weight error rate of the sample is not higher than 10%, the rock surface of a sampling point is cleaned during sampling, the surrounding cloth is hung, the sample is ensured not to be polluted and splashed, the collection method is strictly carried out according to the specification, the samples are distributed according to the same direction and the same inclination angle, and all the samples are required to be connected end to end; the mineralization zone and the mineralization body are revealed and controlled through the groove detection work, the form, the shape and the scale of the mineralization body are preliminarily ascertained, and the surface mineralization body is defined.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the drilling technology is used to determine the deep grade, thickness, scale and change condition of the mineralized body, and the specific operation process of the ore body or ore deposit is found as follows: drilling and deploying by using the delineated surface mineralized body, specifically positioning the drilling hole in a surface mineralized enrichment zone, and specifically positioning by referring to the rock mass or stratum shape and topography; the inclination angle of the ore body is 60 degrees, the construction of drilling engineering is preferably 70 degrees, the construction method adopts large-caliber directional drilling, and the outer diameter of a final hole drilling tool is not less than 75mm; the average sampling rate of ore cores and rock cores in the ore body and the top and bottom plates within 3-5m is not lower than 80%, and the average sampling rate of surrounding rock cores in layering is not lower than 75%; the drilling sampling method is to cut the rock core into two halves along the long axis direction of the rock core and mineralization uniformity, wherein one half is used as a basic analysis sample to be sent to a testing unit for processing and testing, and the other half is reserved for checking and researching; sampling on a mineralized body without crossing layers, wherein the sample length is 1.0m, taking circle edge samples at two sides of the mineralized body, and determining the change conditions of deep grade, thickness, scale and yield of the mineralized body through drilling engineering.
Preferably, the region localization detection anomaly in the first step is 1: the 5-thousand water system sediment measurement is abnormal, the abnormal characteristic element is Sn, W, cu, ag, bi, pb, zn, wherein the medium-high temperature element W, sn, bi, cu is displayed in the porphyry body area, the low-temperature elements Ag, pb and Zn are displayed beside the porphyry body, the abnormal characteristic element has large scale, high strength, large proportion of medium and inner bands, good coincidence complementation among multiple elements of the medium-high temperature element and obvious concentration center.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention has simple working flow, the working method is direct and effective, the working period is short, and a large silver deposit is submitted in a short period. The theory of the porphyry ore-forming system is used for guiding the carrying out of the vacancy ore-finding, preferably the development of structures nearby the porphyry ore and 1:5, detecting abnormal sections of copper, tungsten, tin, lead, zinc and silver in a tens of thousands mode; the remote sensing interpretation can rapidly identify the sections with dense and staggered structures under the conditions of steep topography and broken stone slope development; the large scale geophysical survey and the geological map can further delineate the scope of structural fracture zones and alteration development; the large scale geochemical section can accurately position the position of the ore (chemical) body; the slot drilling engineering verifies the characteristics of the morphology, scale, production and grade changes of the ore body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for mining in connection with porphyry activities according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comprehensive abnormality chart of sediment measurement of 1:5 Wan water in Wu Zhu R area of Ulland in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a remote sensing interpretation of the Wu Zhu R area of Ulan in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a 1:1 ten thousand high accuracy measurement in the Wu Zhu th area of Ulan in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comprehensive cross-sectional view of the geographic region of the Polish Wu Zhu in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a survey line and a exploratory slot for a sb9 mine zone 40 in the Wu Zhu R region of Ulland in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the survey line of the sb9 mine zone 15 in the Wu Zhu R region of Ulan in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-7, silver ore in Wu Zhu hr of the uk-section of the east kunlan is selected as an example, and the prospecting effect of the combination of the prospecting techniques is explained.
1.1:5 Ten thousand water system sediment measurement
1. 1: The field working method for measuring 5-thousand-water-system sediment is as follows:
(1) Sample point arrangement
According to the characteristics of the working area and the scenic geochemical conditions in the area, sampling points are distributed, and a 1:5 universal topographic map is adopted for water system sediment distribution points. The sampling density is controlled at 4-6 points/km 2, no points are distributed in the main water system, the local ice and snow covered area is abandoned, the thin distributed points can be properly placed in the particularly difficult-to-pass area, and the large-area fourth system covered area is thinned to 1 point/km 2. The sampling points are mainly arranged on a first-stage water system port which is the smallest water system (more than 300 m) which can be identified on the topographic map, and the water system with the length of more than 500m is additionally distributed by tracing, so that the second-stage water system and the third-stage water system can be properly controlled. The area of the water collecting area controlled by the most upstream sampling point is not smaller than 0.125km 2 and not larger than 0.25km 2, each sampling point is required to control a specific water collecting area, and the uniformity of the area of the water collecting area controlled by the sampling point is required. Under the condition of natural condition, more than 95% of cells are distributed as much as possible, and more than five blank cells cannot be continuously appeared.
(2) Sample point numbering
On a 1:5 universal map, dividing the map into sampling big lattices of 1km 2 by Gaussian coordinate network lines, and orderly arranging the big lattice numbers from left to right and from top to bottom; each big lattice is divided into four small lattices of 0.25km 2 by taking an odd square inner net as a boundary, the numbering sequence is divided into a, b, c, d from left to right and from top to bottom, when each small lattice has two sample points, arabic numerals are used for footnotes from top to bottom, and if 8a2 is the sample of the 8 th big lattice, a small lattice, no. 2.
(3) Sample size fraction determination
In recent years of water system sediment chemical detection in Qinghai province, the particle size of-10 to +60 meshes is uniformly selected, and a large number of effective anomalies are better found. Thus, the sample size fraction was determined to be a-10- +60 mesh mixed size fraction.
(4) Repeating the sample layout
Under the premise of considering uniform distribution and different geological structure units in the image, the repeated sampling grid is randomly determined in advance, and a repeated sampling point is randomly determined.
(5) Outdoor fixed point and sampling
And (3) the to-be-sampled points arranged on the next working day are compiled into a route every day, the coordinates of each sampling point on the route are measured from a 1:50000 topographic map, a GPS is recorded, and the 20m range alarm setting of the point is started so as to quickly find the to-be-sampled point.
When the system works in the open air, a 1:50000 topographic map is adopted for piloting, GPS (global positioning system) fixed points are adopted, and the water system and the specific position of the point to be sampled on the sample point layout map are found. And (3) searching a position, which is close to a preset point (a range of 25m above and below a specifically positioned sampling point), of the coarse and heavy particles of the water system sediment as far as possible and is easy to stay, as an actual sampling point. The original sample weight was determined by the sample particle size, but no less than 500g. The samples are packaged by using the cleaned sample bags, and the plastic bags are sleeved outside to prevent the samples from being polluted mutually. And marking the sample number at the actual sampling point by using paint after the sampling is finished.
The application of the handheld GPS in the field sampling not only greatly improves the fixed-point speed and precision, but also ensures the sampling in-place rate through GPS track monitoring. The specific method comprises the following steps: before starting work, checking the GPS integrity and consistency of each working group; uniformly setting related GPS parameters; each operation group opens the GPS before the first sampling point of daily work, stores the sampling point number, coordinates and tracks of each sampling point in the sample collection process, and closes the GPS after the last sampling point is completed in the same day; after receiving the work, the GPS track manager timely stores and checks the Japan Airline points and the track as the original data.
(6) Open-air catalogue
The field sampling record content comprises: the picture where the sampling point is located, the lattice point number, the bag number, the position and the coordinate of the sampling point, the property of the sample, the surrounding geology, the mineralization, the sampling date and the responsible person.
And (3) carrying out manual drawing on a 1:5 universal topographic map used in the field, inking sampling points after finishing daily field work, calibrating the sampling points by using small circles with the diameters of 2mm, and coding lattice point numbers. After working for a certain period, transferring the whole content of the image to another topographic map with the same scale according to the hand map to prepare a sampling point position base map, wherein the error of the turning point is less than 0.5mm.
(7) Sample preliminary processing and management
Processing of field samples includes: drying, crushing, sieving, uniformly mixing, weighing, filling into paper bags, boxing and the like.
The sample processing group strictly monitors the samples crosslinked by the sampling group, checks whether the weight and the medium of the samples meet the requirements, and reworks the samples after finding pollution, mixing the samples and misplacing the samples. And (3) airing the sample received by the label in time and rubbing the sample in time to prevent sample particles from being bonded into blocks, and lightly beating the dried sample by a wood hammer to disintegrate the particles in the clay cement, so that preparation is made for effective screening. The load grain section of the screened sample is-10 meshes to +60 meshes, and the weight is not less than 150g. The sample is screened by using a standard stainless steel screen, and before each sample is processed, screening tools are carefully checked and cleaned so as to prevent contamination or mix of non-intercepted granule substances, and the mix amount of non-intercepted granule particles is not more than 5% of the mass of the processed sample. Before sieving, mixing and bagging the sample, checking the original delivery list and the number of the cloth bag and the number of the sample loading paper bag, and avoiding mixing and bagging the sample wrong number. Samples are orderly packaged according to sample sending batches, sample sending sheets and time, and the number and start and stop numbers of the samples are marked outside the box. The single sample bag is tightly sealed, a waterproof and moistureproof plastic cloth is used as a liner during packing, samples are separated in layers or sub-packaging, and the top of the box is filled with a paperboard before being covered. The sample box is free from humidity and damage during storage and transportation.
2. 1: Abnormal measurement of 5-ten thousand water system sediment
1: 5-Ten thousand water system sediment measurement is fixed in district 3. As shown in fig. 2.
Major anomaliesThe comprehensive abnormality is located in the region of Wulan Wu Zhuer-cross-tarragon, and the area is about 35.46km 2. The abnormal area is distributed with early mud basin-shaped granite amphibole, black cloud amphibole, spot black cloud amphibole and lower primordial qi Jin Shuikou terrain, the fracture structure is extremely developed, the fracture bandwidth is large and long, and the fracture bandwidth is staggered with each other. The anomaly is composed of 21 element anomalies, the main anomaly elements are Sn, W and Cu, the characteristic combination element is Ag, bi, pb, zn, the maximum Sn anomaly mode is adopted, the area is 33.3km 2, the peak value reaches 500 multiplied by 10 -6, and the anomaly has three bands of an outer band, a middle band and an inner band. The inner band area is 17.67km 2, the number of points is 140, the scale is 184.51, the element with the maximum standard mode is the average value 73.09, and the size is close to half thick amplitude dividing. W is abnormal area 30.4km 2, peak 73.6X10 -6, have four bands of outer, middle and inner. The inner band area is 7.08km 2, the number of points is 56, the average value is 22.09 multiplied by 10 -6, the thick amplitude is divided into 0.37 and the scale is 50.45. The Cu abnormal area is 19.9km 2, the peak value is 5003 multiplied by 10 -6, which exceeds the industrial grade of elements and has four bands of outer band, middle band and inner band. The inner band area is 4.76km 2, the average value is 383.42 multiplied by 10 -6, the number of points is 29, the thick amplitude dividing position is 0.60, and the method belongs to the element with the highest thick amplitude dividing position in the inner band. Cd. The Ag, bi and As anomalies have three bands, the scale of each anomaly is larger, and the average value of the inner band is close to one third of the thick amplitude.
2. Remote sensing interpretation
1. Remote sensing image drawing:
(1) Remote sensing data source configuration
And configuring high-resolution No.1 multispectral remote sensing data, wherein the image data is clear and cloud-free. The geographic information source adopts a 1:1 ten thousand geographic base map generated by a spatial database as a background information layer for interpretation and image mosaic registration.
(2) Remote sensing image processing and manufacturing
Firstly, constructing a comprehensive platform for geographic information accurate matching, selective area cutting, thematic interpretation area data recombination and remote sensing information analysis. The remote sensing data format conversion, image generation, geographic matching, enhancement processing and information extraction are all carried out under the integrated environment of ENVI and PCI software, and man-machine dialogue interpretation and thematic information extraction are comprehensively carried out by relying on MPGIS, PHOTOSHOP platforms.
Color synthesis processing: according to the characteristics of each wave band of the ETM+ remote sensing data source, the application range and the actual characteristics of the mining area, 3 wave bands with similar mean, maximum variance and minimum correlation coefficient are selected for color synthesis processing and histogram stretching so as to ensure the richness of information on the image map. The ETM+ data in the mining area adopts 7 (R), 4 (G) and 1 (B) wave band combinations, the effect of the wave band combination mode is closer to that of natural colors, the ETM+ data has higher resolvable property for various geologic bodies and rock alteration, and the method is more beneficial to the judgment of interpretation personnel on image geologic body information.
Data fusion: and carrying out data fusion processing on the image by adopting an HIS (chromaticity, brightness and saturation) transformation method.
Image enhancement: edge sharpening filtering and an upper and lower frequency cut-off stretching algorithm are adopted. The image mosaic of the multi-scene remote sensing image is processed by adopting methods of histogram matching, color level stretching, brightness contrast, color balance, chroma saturation adjustment and the like to carry out chroma normalization, and 20-100 overlapping pixel ranges are selected in mosaic to carry out average value method joint smoothing so as to ensure the consistency and unification of the whole chroma.
The geometric correction of the image adopts polynomial operation to match with the geographic elements, and the control points select at least 24 single images and are uniformly distributed so as to ensure the matching precision. And generating an image map by adopting Gaussian-Kelvin projection, and finally obtaining an image map with higher resolution ratio of 1:10000, wherein the image map is used as one of a reference and a mapping background of geological interpretation.
2. Remote sensing working method
(1) Remote sensing working program and quality assurance system
Based on the prior collection and preparation of remote sensing information sources and familiar regional geological data, remote sensing work divides remote sensing image mapping and remote sensing structure interpretation.
The remote sensing image mapping is carried out by adopting enhancement modes such as multispectral and high-resolution band fidelity fusion, lossless linear stretching and the like, so as to aim at increasing the information quantity and enhance the expressive force on various geological elements. The geographic matching of the images adopts a mode of uniformly distributing and correcting multiple control points with higher precision.
The principle of macroscopic-microscopic-macroscopic is followed, the principle of gradually transitioning from known to unknown, simple to complex and higher interpretable areas to low areas is adopted, and the conventional remote sensing geological interpretation of the census area is performed step by step and deepened step by step in a man-machine interaction mode.
(2) Remote sensing structure interpretation
Remote sensing interpretation signatures are built and developed by means of interpretation awareness and field verification. In the interpretation process, repeated comparison and interpretation should be carried out on key parts of construction, invasive body edges and areas with unclear images (including problematic areas with suspicious points), so as to eliminate the trouble of the phenomena of 'homonymy and heteronymy' and 'homonymy foreign matters' on image interpretation as much as possible.
The linear images of the mining area are densely distributed, which means that the fracture structure is extremely developed, and the images are clearly displayed. The scale and the properties of the mining areas are different, the linear structural forms are not completely the same, the mining areas are mainly broken in the northwest direction and the northwest direction, and the mining areas are in the northwest direction, the northwest direction and the northwest direction. Wherein, the northwest and northwest fractures have a control effect on the mining area construction grid, and the northwest and northwest fractures are matched with the secondary northwest and northwest fractures to form a netlike fracture group. As shown in fig. 3.
The trunk fracture structure has large scale and prolonged elongation and a certain width, and is displayed as interfaces of different texture hues, even different landform units and hydrogeology units on an image or as stripes formed by overlapping cliff landform images or color bands and lineages. Along the broken line, there are often later-stage activity features reflected by terrain changes such as mountain dislocation, water system deflection, etc. The linear trace is clear, the response of water system, micro landform and vegetation is obvious, and the boundaries of different color tones and striated blocks are often formed. The image features are clear, the obvious linear trails such as linear or arc, the differences of the color tone of the ground objects or the broken bands on two sides and the ground objects on two sides, the fault valley, the fault abrupt bank and other landform features are taken as main marks, and the extension length is large.
3. Precision magnetic measurement:
Aiming at linear structure dense and staggered development areas decoded by remote sensing, 1:1 ten thousand high-precision magnetic method measurement is carried out.
1. High-precision magnetic method for measuring field work
(1) Working instrument
The high-precision magnetic field instrument is a domestic PMG-2 proton magnetometer, has the resolution of 0.1nT, has the function of automatically storing data, and transmits and downloads the original data through a computer and stores the data. The daily variation is automatically corrected by randomly preparing special software. The high-precision magnetic measurement observation parameter is geomagnetic total field (T).
(2) Base point selection and field value determination
Before field observation is carried out, base point selection and field value determination are carried out, a calm field without an interference source is selected in a mining area, base points are selected, a geological compass is used for orientation, the height of an instrument probe is selected to be 2m, a magnetic field value is measured at intervals of 1m along east-west-north directions, each direction is 10m, a cross section is formed, the radius of the cross section is 5m, the height difference is within the range of 0.5m, and the magnetic field value change does not exceed 2nT in the process of observing the magnetic field value of the cross section.
Setting the daily variation observation time interval of the daily variation instrument To be 30 seconds, then continuously performing 24-hour daily variation observation on the base point, finally selecting a time period that the geomagnetic field average value changes by not more than 2nT within 2 hours (4:30:00-6:30:00), obtaining the average value of Ti, and obtaining the base point field value to= 54305nT of the total base point through arithmetic average value.
(3) Instrument performance test
The test work of each performance of the instrument is carried out before the field work, and the result is as follows:
a. Noise consistency
The magnetometers are separated from each other by more than 20m in the open area without interference in the mining area, base station mode measurement is carried out at the same time, the measurement interval is 5s, the observation is carried out for 15 minutes, 100 data are selected for statistical calculation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Delta Xi- -the difference between the observed value Xi at i-th and the starting observed value X0;
-the mean value of the difference Δxi observed by these instruments at the same time;
n-total observations, i=1, 2, … … n.
Through calculation statistics, if the instrument noise is smaller than 0.3nT, the level is better, and the instrument can be put into production and use.
B. Consistency of
In the open area near the site without interference, 60 measuring points are firstly distributed on the ground by bamboo poles at intervals of 3m, one magnetometer is used as a base station observation mode, other instruments simulate actual working conditions, round trip observation is carried out on the measuring points, and the instruments are kept for more than 20m during observation so as to prevent mutual interference. And calculating the consistency level of the instrument according to the single consistency calculation formula and the multiple consistency calculation formulas. The calculation formula is as follows:
Single unit consistency:
Multiple identities:
c. host consistency
The base station instrument probe is used as a probe, the rest hosts observe more than 30 numerical values (the time is about 150 s) by a base station mode at intervals of 5s, the time of transforming the hosts is controlled within 30 seconds, finally, the time observed by the instrument is sequentially taken as an X axis, the observed value is taken as a Y axis, an observation curve is made, and the shape of the curve is observed to judge the consistency of the hosts of the instrument. If the curve has no obvious dislocation, the host computer of the experiment is proved to have good consistency and can be put into production and use.
D. probe consistency
And (3) performing daily observation on the instrument and the probe, performing observation on the host, then replacing the probe and connecting the probe with the host, and comparing and calculating the value observed by the probe with the value of the base station in the same time period. And finally obtaining probe consistency data. If the difference is less than 1nT, the basic usage is exchanged. However, the probe is not required to be replaced at will when the probe is used, and systematic errors are caused.
(4) Field observation and various corrections
A. Before field observation, all observers perform demagnetization to ensure that the point positions are correct, the height of the probe is 2m, the probe is required to be kept horizontal, the direction of the probe is placed in the north-south direction as far as possible, when the field is detected, the mutation points, suspicious points and the like are repeatedly observed, and the abnormal section is properly encrypted according to the situation; before and after each day of work, the instrument is calibrated in the morning and evening (knowing whether the instrument performance is normal or not in the working time of one day), the magnetic measurement work and the RTK fixed point are synchronously carried out, each measuring point needs to be observed for more than three times, data with good repeatability are taken and stored, and meanwhile, the RTK stores coordinates, elevations and tracks.
B. The following corrections are made to the acquired data after the end of each day field work:
and (3) correcting the daily variation: docking a daily variable instrument with a field observation instrument, automatically correcting the instrument according to the instruction, and outputting correction data;
Normal field correction (altitude, gradient, latitude) is to calculate the T0 value of the geomagnetic field of 1Km×1Km node in the region by using the Gaussian coefficient provided by the international geomagnetic reference field IGRF2020 model and then to draw a T0 contour map in 1nT time. The normal field gradient correction is performed by using the contour line passing through the total base point as zero line, decreasing the contour line of each line by 1nT to north, increasing the contour line of each line by 1nT to south, and so on.
And (3) base point correction: all data are corrected by daily variation, normal field and altitude, and then the magnetic field value of the base point is subtracted to obtain the magnetic anomaly value (delta T).
And carrying out daily acceptance on the magnetic measurement result and the track every day, and carrying out reworking required by disqualification and standardization.
2. High precision magnetic method for measuring anomalies
The anomalies are generally distributed north-south-east, and the whole mining area can be divided into south-north two different magnetic field characteristics as can be seen from the magnetic cross-sectional plan view. As shown in fig. 4, the north part is mainly a large-area positive magnetic anomaly, the anomaly is mainly a strip-shaped or bead-shaped positive magnetic anomaly, the anomaly extends over 4Km, the anomaly characteristic has large strength and small gradient change, and the anomaly strength gradually decreases from west to east. The abnormal morphology rule has an abnormal maximum value of about 474.3nT and a minimum value of-154 nT; the south is mainly marked by large-area negative magnetic anomalies, the anomalies are mainly marked by weak positive magnetic anomalies and weak positive and negative accompanying magnetic anomalies, the anomalies are in North west direction, the anomalies are weak in strength and slow in gradient, and the anomaly scale is smaller.
By 1: according to the measurement result of the 1-ten thousand high-precision magnetic method, magnetic anomalies in the region are distributed in a strip shape, and by combining with a geological background, the magnetic anomalies are presumed to have close relation with the fracture structure, and the magnetic anomalies are caused by magnetic minerals filled in the fracture structure at the later stage. In the region, 6 structural bands (F1-F6) were estimated altogether, and as shown in FIG. 4, the F1 structural band was about 1.9Km long, going to the east-west direction, the structural band was not closed on the west side, the surface exposed lithology was a plaque-like two-long granite, the east side of the F1 structural band was coincident with the found Sb9 structural alteration band, and the alteration band was estimated to have a good extension on the west side. The F2 structural band is about 1.4Km long, the trend is northeast, the surface exposed lithology is two-long granite, and the F2 structural band is basically matched with the found Sb3 structural alteration band. The F3 structural band is about 2Km long, the trend is northeast, the eastern side is not closed, the structural band is provided with two long granite like speckles on the ground surface, and the F3 structural band is basically matched with the Sb11 structural band defined on the ground surface. The length of the F4 structural band is about 1.8Km, the structural band goes to the east-west direction, the lithology of the structural band exposed on the ground surface is similar to that of two-long granite with a spot, the F4 structural band is basically matched with the structural band, and the west side of the F4 structural band has a good corresponding relation with the abnormal excitation electricity. The F5 structural band is about 860m long, the trend is northeast, the exposed lithology of the ground surface is like a spot and is provided with two long granite, and the F5 structural band is basically matched with the structural alteration band of the ground surface delineation. The F6 structural band is about 350m long, the trend is northeast, the surface exposed lithology is like a spot-shaped two-long granite, and the F6 structural band is basically matched with the structural band of the surface delineation.
4.1:2000 Soil Profile
Magnetic anomalies for the aforementioned high-precision magnetic measurement circle were measured using 1:2000 soil profile measurements were further interpreted.
1. 1:2000 Soil profile measurement method:
The section adopts high-precision GPS positioning, samples are respectively collected according to the horizontal point distance of 10m/5m, the grade of-10- +60 is adopted, the sampling medium is mainly the residual material on the bedrock surface, namely, fine rock scraps, fine sandy soil and silt soil of the layer C are mainly collected, the samples with larger thickness are partially covered, the slope residual material at the lower part of the layer B can be collected, and the sample collection layer is basically required to be consistent; the weight of the sample is ensured to be not less than 180g after sieving, and the test data is used for preparing a localization comprehensive section view by software; and (5) combining the structural spreading characteristics to outline the profile abnormal band.
2. 1:2000 Abnormality of soil profile:
The profile was found to be that of a binary granite like a spot in both lithology, ag was generally between 30×10 -9～416×10-9, pb was between 5.5×10 -6～244×10-6, zn was between 11.7×10 -6～387×10-6, sn was between 1×10 -6～32.82×10-6, cu was between 3.31×10 -6～140×10-6, W was between 0.46×10 -6～36.1×10-6, mo was between 0.25×10 -6～13.4×10-6, bi was between 0.044×10 -6～3.89×10-6, and this was a major background reflection.
However, the analysis values of the elements of different sections greatly change due to different development degrees, alteration types and alteration degrees of the structural bands. Wherein, 3 high value sections of Ag, pb and Zn elements are circled in the TP02 section (figure 6), wherein the first high value section is 80m wide, ag is 3200×10 -9, pb is 620×10 -6～43760×10-6, zn is 935×10 -6～1930×10-6, and Cu is 1120×10 -6; the second high value section is 40m wide, and Ag is 1018× -9; the third high value section is 80m, ag is 1190×10 -9～2593×10-9, pb is 714×10 -6～983×10-6, zn is 1173×10 -6～1479×10-6; the high value segments in the profile more accurately locate the position of the sb6 and sb9 construct breaker strips.
5. Tank detection disclosure verification
The high-value section circled by the 1:2000 soil profile is subjected to surface disclosure control by using the slot probe, so that the specific position, shape and characteristics of the mineralized zone or ore body are known. As shown in fig. 6.
The method comprises the steps of utilizing preliminary determination of the position and mineralization layer of the surface ore-bearing geologic body, carrying out concrete layout of a trench exploration project on the basis of on-site survey inspection, and arranging the trench exploration project at an ore-bearing zone with the covering thickness not more than 3m and perpendicular to the long axis direction of a target geologic body and the trend direction of a rock stratum; the width of the groove bottom is not less than 0.8m, the depth is not more than 3m, and the groove bottom penetrates into bedrock by 0.3-0.5m, so that the top and bottom plates of a mineralized body or layered interfaces can be clearly observed, and the shape elements can be measured; the chemical sample tank is arranged at the joint of the tank wall and the tank bottom, and marked with a sample number, the specification of the sample tank is 10 multiplied by 5cm, the weight error rate of the sample is not higher than 10%, the rock surface of a sampling point is cleaned during sampling, the surrounding cloth is hung, the sample is ensured not to be polluted and splashed, the collection method is strictly carried out according to the specification, the samples are distributed according to the same direction and the same inclination angle, and all the samples are required to be connected end to end; the mineralization zone and the mineralization body are revealed and controlled through the groove detection work, the form, the shape and the scale of the mineralization body are preliminarily ascertained, and the surface mineralization body is defined.
6. Drilling deep control
And further carrying out deep verification on ore bodies circled on the surface of the slot detection engineering by utilizing a drilling technology, and determining the change conditions of deep grade, thickness, scale and production of mineralized bodies. As shown in fig. 7.
The drilling technique finds that the concrete operation process of the ore body or ore deposit is as follows: the drilling holes are positioned in the mineralized and enriched area of the earth surface, and specific positioning is carried out by referring to the shape of the rock mass or stratum; the inclination angle of the ore body is 60 degrees, the construction of drilling engineering is preferably 70 degrees, the construction method adopts large-caliber directional drilling, and the outer diameter of a final hole drilling tool is not less than 75mm; the average sampling rate of ore cores and rock cores in the ore body and the top and bottom plates within 3-5m is not lower than 80%, and the average sampling rate of surrounding rock cores in layering is not lower than 75%; the drilling sampling method is to cut the rock core into two halves along the long axis direction of the rock core and mineralization uniformity, wherein one half is used as a basic analysis sample to be sent to a testing unit for processing and testing, and the other half is reserved for checking and researching; sampling on a mineralized body without crossing layers, wherein the sample length is 1.0m, taking circle edge samples at two sides of the mineralized body, and determining the change conditions of deep grade, thickness, scale and yield of the mineralized body through drilling engineering.
In summary, firstly, a 1:5 ten thousand water system sediment is used for measuring and primarily shrinking the prospecting target area, then a 1:1 ten thousand remote sensing interpretation is used for selecting a linear structural development section to further shrink the prospecting target area, and then 1:1 ten thousand high-precision magnetic measurement and 1: the method comprises the steps of positioning the favorable position for prospecting by using make a preliminary survey circles of geology of 1 ten thousand, positioning the mineralized zone position by using a 1:2000 soil profile, performing surface and deep verification by using a groove drilling engineering, and finally finding out the shape, scale, yield, grade change condition, interrelation and the like of a mineralized body. The mining method comprises the steps of regional chemical exploration, remote sensing, geophysical exploration/geology, large-scale chemical exploration profile and engineering verification.
By the combination of the method, 15 ore bodies are finally and jointly defined in the Wu Zhu-quick-change region of the Ulan, the ore bodies are produced in a structural alteration zone in a lens-shaped, lamellar and pulse-shaped manner, the ore body is 140-1600m long, the inclined depth is 80-406m, the thickness is 1.17-3.02m, the silver grade is 46.54-2790.107g/t, the lead grade is 0.77-9.12%, the zinc grade is 0.54-4.42%, the ore body tends to be 2-305 degrees, and the inclination angle is 60-87 degrees. The resource quantity estimation is carried out on 3 ore bodies in two main structural alteration zones in the zone, the estimated silver resource quantity 1821.4 tons, the lead resource quantity 2.69 ten thousand tons and the zinc resource quantity 4.95 ten thousand tons are obtained through detection, and the prospecting potential is huge.
Analyzing the mineral deposit causes: large-scale diagenetic mineral formation is also generated in Dongkunlun-late triangularity, volatile matters carry copper polymetallic mineral elements to migrate to the top and the periphery in the deep fracture invasion process of the late triangularity rock mass, and the rock slurry is subjected to cold in the contact part with the early and middle mud basin-shaped granite body, so that large-scale high-medium-low Wen Weiyan alteration is generated, copper elements begin to crystallize out of the rock slurry, and a mineral belt surrounding the Wulan Wu Zhuer granite flash spot rock mass is formed. Along with cooling shrinkage and regional structure development, the ore-bearing hot liquid is driven by volatile components such as H 2s-、F-、Cl- to migrate along surrounding rock cracks and linear structures in North west and near east and west directions, and is unloaded, precipitated and enriched into ores in the linear structures in different directions. Is a typical hydrothermal vein type mineral product associated with the porphyry ore-forming system.
According to the invention, through the experiments of the exploration and prospecting technical method in 2019-2023, a great breakthrough of silver polymetallic prospecting is obtained in the Wu Zhu-Unlar area, and the combination of the exploration technical method is shown to have a good prospecting effect in the east Kunlun western section for mineral products related to the porphyry activity. It should be noted that, the method for finding mineral products related to the zebra rock activity of the present invention is not only specific to the ore deposit of the ullan Wu Zhuer, but is specifically described by taking the Wu Zhu-molar region of the ullan as an example.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The mining method for the hot-liquid pulse type mineral products related to the porphyry activities is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Firstly, developing a fault location ore finding by taking a porphyry ore forming system theory as a guide, analyzing known porphyry ore deposits and surrounding nesting abnormal detection based on geological background and regional abnormal detection, and determining a region with well-nested low-temperature elements and obvious concentration centers as a first preferable target area;
Step two, developing 1 aiming at a first preferred target area: 1 ten thousand remote sensing interpretation, selecting a linear dense-structure staggered development area as a second preferred target area according to structural characteristics in the first preferred target area;
Step three, developing 1 for the second preferred target region: 1 ten thousand high-precision magnetic method measurement, selecting positive and negative magnetic abnormal conversion bands in strip shape and bead shape to indicate the position of structural broken band or fracture, and adding 1:1 ten thousand geology make a preliminary survey, identifying a structural fracture zone with siliconizing, sericite, chlorite petrochemical, potash, or limonitic hydrothermal alteration characteristics, and determining the structural fracture zone as a third preferred target zone;
Step four, carrying out large scale rock or soil profile measurement aiming at a third preferred target area, and defining a high value section sleeved with low temperature elements or a chemical detection abnormal zone in a strip-shaped spread mode to determine a fourth preferred target area;
Fifthly, shallow ore body control is carried out by assisting a groove detection or shallow drilling engineering on a chemical detection abnormal zone distributed on a high-value section or a strip-shaped spread of the chemical detection section, and a surface shallow ore body is defined;
And step six, determining the grade, thickness, scale and occurrence change condition of the deep ore body by utilizing a drilling engineering technology aiming at the shallow ore body on the earth surface.
2. The method for searching for ores with hot-water vein type structure associated with porphyry activity according to claim 1, wherein the rock or soil profile measuring scale in the fourth step is 1:5000 or 1:2000; when the soil profile is measured, the profile is positioned by adopting a high-precision GPS, samples are respectively collected according to the horizontal point distance of 10m/5m, the particle size of minus 10 to plus 60 is adopted, the sampling medium is mainly the residual material on the bedrock surface, namely, fine rock scraps, fine sandy soil and silt soil of the layer C are mainly collected, the covering thickness is larger than 1m, the slope residual material on the lower part of the layer B is collected, and the sample collecting layer is basically required to be consistent; the weight of the sample is ensured to be not less than 180g after sieving, and the test data is used for preparing a localization comprehensive section view by software; and combining the structural spreading characteristics, and delineating a high-value section of the localization detection section or a localization detection abnormal zone of the strip-shaped spreading.
3. The mining method of hot-liquid pulse type mineral products related to the porphyry activities according to claim 1, wherein the operation process of shallow exposure, topdressing, and controlling the specific position, shape and characteristics of mineralized zones or mineralized bodies by using slot detection is to preliminarily determine the position and mineralized layer of the surface ore-bearing geological bodies, and the slot detection engineering is specifically laid on the basis of the field investigation and is arranged on the ore-bearing zone with the coverage thickness not more than 3m and is perpendicular to the long axis direction and the stratum trend direction of the target geological bodies; the width of the groove bottom is not less than 0.8m, the depth is not more than 3m, and the groove bottom penetrates into bedrock by 0.3-0.5m, so that the top and bottom plates of a mineralized body or layered interfaces can be clearly observed, and the shape elements can be measured; the chemical sample tank is arranged at the joint of the tank wall and the tank bottom, and marked with a sample number, the specification of the sample tank is 10 multiplied by 5cm, the weight error rate of the sample is not higher than 10%, the rock surface of a sampling point is cleaned during sampling, the surrounding cloth is hung, the sample is ensured not to be polluted and splashed, the collection method is strictly carried out according to the specification, the samples are distributed according to the same direction and the same inclination angle, and all the samples are required to be connected end to end; the mineralization zone and the mineralization body are revealed and controlled through the groove detection work, the form, the shape and the scale of the mineralization body are preliminarily ascertained, and the surface mineralization body is defined.
4. The method for searching for ore products with hot-water pulse type related to the activity of porphyry according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the change condition of deep grade, thickness, scale and attitude of mineralized bodies is determined by utilizing a drilling technology, and the specific operation process of the ore bodies or ore deposits is found as follows: drilling and deploying by using the delineated surface mineralized body, specifically positioning the drilling hole in a surface mineralized enrichment zone, and specifically positioning by referring to the rock mass or stratum shape and topography; the inclination angle of the ore body is 60 degrees, the construction of drilling engineering is preferably 70 degrees, the construction method adopts large-caliber directional drilling, and the outer diameter of a final hole drilling tool is not less than 75mm; the average sampling rate of ore cores and rock cores in the ore body and the top and bottom plates within 3-5m is not lower than 80%, and the average sampling rate of surrounding rock cores in layering is not lower than 75%; the drilling sampling method is to cut the rock core into two halves along the long axis direction of the rock core and mineralization uniformity, wherein one half is used as a basic analysis sample to be sent to a testing unit for processing and testing, and the other half is reserved for checking and researching; sampling on a mineralized body without crossing layers, wherein the sample length is 1.0m, taking circle edge samples at two sides of the mineralized body, and determining the change conditions of deep grade, thickness, scale and yield of the mineralized body through drilling engineering.
5. The method for mining exploration of hot-water vein type mineral products related to porphyry activities according to claim 4, wherein in the step one, the regional localization detection abnormality is 1: the 5-thousand water system sediment measurement is abnormal, the abnormal characteristic element is Sn, W, cu, ag, bi, pb, zn, wherein the medium-high temperature element W, sn, bi, cu is displayed in the porphyry body area, the low-temperature elements Ag, pb and Zn are displayed beside the porphyry body, the abnormal characteristic element has large scale, high strength, large proportion of medium and inner bands, good coincidence complementation among multiple elements of the medium-high temperature element and obvious concentration center.
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