CN110824582A - Comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals - Google Patents
Comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive exploration method for multi-metal mineral products, provides an integrated mineral exploration method of an ore formation system, water system sediment measurement, rock debris measurement, large-scale physical exploration profile/high-precision magnetic measurement and engineering verification, and obtains a huge breakthrough in the mineral exploration process. The implementation of the combined method can effectively avoid the limit of shallow coverage conditions on conventional geological mapping, can quickly reduce the target area for finding the ore in the coverage area of the fourth system, and realize the spatial positioning of a mineralization alteration zone and an ore-containing geologic body, thereby improving the success rate of finding the ore, having the advantages of short investigation period, high efficiency and low investigation cost, and being suitable for the investigation of shallow pulse copper-lead-zinc-silver ores and skarn type iron-copper ores; the wide-area electromagnetic method has the absolute advantage of large detection depth, combines an ore-finding prediction geological model established according to geological characteristics and a presumed range of the blind ore-containing porphyry body, and is suitable for exploration of deep blind porphyry type copper-molybdenum ores.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological prospecting, in particular to a comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals.
Background
The mineral exploration method is a general term of working methods and technical measures adopted for seeking mineral resources. The prospecting is the geological mineral work carried out in a certain area for searching and evaluating minerals required by national economy, namely, the basic knowledge and theory of geological science are comprehensively applied, and necessary prospecting technical means are used for discovering various minerals and conducting prospecting control on the minerals. Particularly, on the basis of researching the earth structure background and mineral product distribution rule of a working area, particularly researching the geological condition closely related to mineral product formation and distribution, predicting the favorable sections where the mineral products possibly exist; then the effective technical means and the ore searching method are comprehensively used, the ore searching is carried out in a favorable section, and the ore deposit is found. Necessary mineral resources, geological, technical and economic data and the like are provided for further selecting a mineral deposit exploration area (or section) and compiling national economic development prospect plans.
The east-Kunlun east region is wholly arranged at two sides of the King-sweat Wusu river, meadows in local regions are extremely developed, the earth surface is basically covered by vegetation except that complete bedrocks are exposed at individual mountains, most humus soil layers are arranged under the vegetation, and the typical shallow covering area is formed. Therefore, it is very difficult to directly find outcrop clues such as structure, mineralization, alteration clues and the like on the earth surface, the geological map filling effect is not good, and the direct ore finding efficiency is low; great difficulty is brought to further expand the ore searching space and define a new favorable section of the ore formation.
The Naokuchai groove-Hartaza-Nari Malahi black zone in east Kunlun east is a silver polymetallic ore collection area which is most prominent in newly discovered exploration results in nearly two or three years, two large silver ores in the Hartaza groove and the Naokuchai groove are discovered, silver polymetallic ore exploration projects such as Hartaxi and Naokuchei north are newly opened, and the silver resource amount submitted by the ore collection area exceeds 6400 tons and accounts for more than 80% of the total amount of the silver ore resources already surveyed in Qinghai province. In the area, the mineralization is related to the activities of the Yizhiji stage, Yanshan stage structure and magma invasion, the discovered ore body is obviously controlled by northwest deep and large fracture and secondary fracture thereof, the mineralization is mainly Ag, Pb and Zn shallow low-temperature thermal liquid vein type mineral products related to quartz (flow pattern) porphyry and is a branch of blind porphyry containing Cu and Mo in the deep part; the method has great significance for searching the deep huge porphyry Cu and Mo ores by controlling the porphyry branches.
The method is characterized in that an east-Kunlun area of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is close to a Qiqin joint part, a large area of late Sanjiaoshan group continental volcanic rock develops, the discovered silver-copper-lead-zinc polymetallic ore formation part on the superficial part is mainly a fracture zone and has no selectivity to surrounding rock, and the volcanic rock formation of the Erhan group has a high Ag background value, so that a necessary mineral forming material source is provided for silver ore enrichment.
In the process of exploration, all mining areas in east Kunlun east are warfare, the adopted ore searching method has many and complicated technical means, and the research of an effective ore searching method is lacked. An effective ore-searching method and technology combination in the area are urgently needed to be provided, and a target geologic body is locked as soon as possible for evaluation in subsequent exploration.
Therefore, how to research a prospecting method suitable for the minerals of the iron, copper, lead, zinc, silver and the precious metals in the shallow coverage area of east Kunlun east according to the prospecting work in the shallow coverage area becomes a problem to be solved urgently by the technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and improve the mineral exploration success rate in a shallow coverage area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a comprehensive exploration method of polymetallic minerals, which comprises the following steps: determining a magma rock section according to the time-space characteristics of the magma rock output and the regional geological background, measuring 1/2.5 ten thousand water system sediments in the magma rock section, preliminarily determining an ore target area and classifying the target area, and selecting a section with stronger abnormality or better abnormal registration of copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold in the classification of the target area to determine as a first optimal target area;
according to the exposure condition of the surface bedrock, after 1/1 ten thousand rock debris measurement delineation abnormalities are developed in the first optimal target area, a section with stronger copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold abnormalities or better abnormal registration is selected to be determined as a second optimal target area;
according to the characteristic that surface ores are distributed along the secondary tectonic zone, the second optimal target area is measured by adopting 1/5 thousand soil geochemical profiles, 1/5 thousand rock geochemical profiles, 1/5 thousand induced polarization middle gradient profiles or 1/1 thousand high-precision magnetic methods to carry out abnormal decomposition, and the materialized abnormal detection zone which is circled to be in the strip-shaped distribution is determined as the third optimal target area, namely the geological position of the surface ore containing;
performing a scouting inspection on the third preferred target area to find out the position of the geological body containing minerals on the earth surface of the abnormal area and the mineralization clue area; shallow uncovering, searching and controlling the specific position, form and characteristics of a mineralization zone or a mineralization body by using a groove probe or a shallow drill for the position of the mineral-containing geological body and the mineralization clue zone, and determining the mineral body tendency by using an 1/5 thousand induced polarization combined profile;
determining the change conditions of the deep grade, thickness, scale and production state of the mineralized body by utilizing a drilling technology, and controlling the vein-like silver, copper, lead and zinc ore bodies or ore zones;
preliminarily determining the range of the concealed ore-containing rock mass according to the high-low temperature ore species change of the vein-shaped ore body, the mineralization characteristics of the width change of the vein and the alteration zonation characteristics of pan petrochemistry, argillization, silicification and potassification, and laying 1/1 ten thousand wide-area electromagnetic method profile measurement delineation deep saccular low-resistance bodies, namely determining the specific position and the burial depth of the concealed ore-containing rock mass; and (3) exploring the deep and concealed thick rocky containing ores by utilizing a deep drilling technology for the saccular low-resistance bodies in the range of the concealed rocky containing ores so as to control the yield of the rocky copper and molybdenum ores.
Preferably, the vein-like ore body is mainly copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold ore or lead, zinc and silver ore, and also contains tin ore; the lateritic porphyry mineral is copper and molybdenum mineral.
Preferably, the ore forming system is a porphyry ore forming system in a land-land collision mountain-making environment, and forms a porphyry-hot liquid vein-skarn type ore forming series.
Preferably, when 1/2.5 ten thousand water system sediment measurement is carried out, the sampling density is controlled to be 16-20 points/1 km2And (3) making a combined abnormal graph for the test data, performing in-class evaluation on the same main elements, performing abnormal classification according to abnormal characteristics, geological conditions and mining significance, and combining the abnormal classification with the mining significanceRegional geological features, past geological results of physical exploration and heavy sand abnormity, preliminary delineation of a target area of the ore and classification of the target area.
Preferably, when 1/1 ten thousand rock debris are measured, the sampling lines are arranged according to the 90-270 degrees of azimuth, high-precision GPS positioning is adopted, the basic mesh degree of rock debris measurement is arranged by 100 x 40m, and when bedrock is exposed during sampling, multi-point block picking sampling is directly carried out; when soil or aeolian loess is covered, exposing until bedrock is exposed, sampling at multiple points to combine into a sample, wherein the sampling granularity is 2-10mm, the combined weight of the sample is more than 300g, making a combined abnormal graph for test data by using software, performing in-class evaluation on the test data by using the same main elements, and then performing abnormal classification according to abnormal characteristics, geological conditions and mining significance; and (3) according to geological features of the mining area and the original abnormal range of 1/2.5 ten thousand water system measurement, determining comprehensive abnormality of rock debris measurement, and selecting a section with strong abnormality or good abnormal registration of copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold to determine as a second preferred target area.
Preferably, the second preferred target area is measured by adopting 1/5 thousand soil geochemical profiles, 1/5 thousand rock geochemical profiles, 1/5 thousand induced polarization middle gradient profiles or 1/1 ten thousand high-precision magnetic methods for abnormal decomposition, and the zonal spread materialization detection abnormal zone is determined to be a third preferred target area or a third abnormal zone, namely the position of the ore-containing zone is determined;
1/5 the detailed operation of the geochemical profile measurement of the thousand soils is as follows: the arrangement of the section is perpendicular to the direction of 1/1 ten thousand rock debris abnormal long axes, and the section passes through a high-value point of a water system abnormal concentration center; the cross section starting point is positioned by a GPS after unified correction, the section line adopts compass orientation, rope measurement and distance measurement, the sample sampling point distance is 10m, a broken altered zone and a mineralization zone are constructed and encrypted to 3m, the sample is sampled in the range of 1/3 points of the point distance around the sampling point during sample collection, the sample is composed of one point or is combined into one sample by 3-5 points, and the sample is collected in the same medium and the substances of the same layer; collecting a soil sample in a bottom soil layer of soil at a depth of 30-80cm from the earth surface, and collecting the soil sample at the bottom of a core soil layer when the soil sample cannot be collected due to thick covering, wherein the collection weight is 500 plus-1000 g so as to ensure that the weight of the sample after sieving is more than 200 g;
the specific operation of 1/5 thousand rock geochemical profile measurement is: the section is provided with high-value points which are perpendicular to the direction of the abnormal long axis of 1/1 rock debris and the section passes through the abnormal concentration center of the water system; the starting point of the section is positioned by using a GPS after unified correction, the section line adopts compass orientation and rope measurement to measure the distance, the sample sampling point distance is 10m, and the special section is encrypted to 3 m; identifying and analyzing light and slice samples collected by the complex lithologic horizon and mineralization characteristics; collecting chemical samples of picked blocks when meeting ore-containing positions or sections with good mineralization;
1/5 the specific operation of the section measurement of the kilo-excited escalator is as follows: laying vertical stratum, contact zone, abnormal long shaft or mineralization zone on the section, using uniformly corrected RTK to determine the section, using an exciting electric elevator device to observe and record apparent resistivity rhosVisual polarization rate ηsThe working parameters comprise that the distance AB between the power supply electrodes is 1200m, the distance MN between the measuring electrodes is 40m, the distance between the measuring points is 10m, the power supply electrodes A, B are not moved during working, the measuring electrodes M, N move point by point along the section simultaneously, the measuring length is two thirds of the distance between the power supply electrodes AB, the recording point is the middle point of MN, and the power supply time is 20 s;
1/1 the specific operation of high-precision magnetic measurement is as follows: the measuring net and the section are distributed with vertical stratums, the real-time dynamic measurement is carried out by adopting a dual-frequency GPS, the total precision of the magnetic measurement work is 5nT, the observation parameter is the total geomagnetic field, the sensitivity of the magnetometer reaches 0.1nT, and the noise level, consistency, daily variation correction, operation and point position error of the magnetometer are smaller than the total error of the magnetic measurement.
Preferably, the operation process of shallow uncovering, tracing and controlling the specific position, shape and characteristics of the mineralization zone or the mineralization body is carried out by using a channel probe: the method comprises the following steps of firstly determining the position and the mineralization layer of a geological body containing minerals on the earth surface, specifically laying a groove exploration project on the basis of on-site exploration and inspection, and arranging the groove exploration project in a section containing minerals with the coverage thickness not more than 3m and in a direction perpendicular to the long axis direction and the rock stratum trend direction of a target geological body; the width of the bottom of the tank is not less than 0.8m, the depth is not more than 3m, and the tank penetrates into bedrock by 0.3-0.5m so as to clearly observe the top and bottom plates or the layered interface of the mineralized body and measure the occurrence factor; the chemical sample groove is arranged at the joint of the groove wall and the groove bottom, the sample number is marked, the groove cutting method is used for sampling, the specification of the sample groove is 10 multiplied by 3cm of copper-lead-zinc mineralization and 10 multiplied by 5cm of gold-silver containing mineralization, the weight error rate of the sample is not higher than 10%, the rock surface of a sampling point is cleaned during sampling, surrounding cloth is hung, the sample is prevented from being polluted and splashed, the collection method is strictly carried out according to the specification, the samples are distributed according to the same direction and the same inclination angle, and all the samples are connected end to end; sampling rock sample full-groove control at intervals of 3-5m in a section except for the chemical sample; the mineralized zone and the mineralized body are revealed and controlled through the channel exploration work, the shape, the production state and the scale of the mineralized body are preliminarily found out, and the surface mineralized body is circled;
when the occurrence of a part of mineralization layers cannot be judged, the 1/2 thousand induced polarization combined profile is used for assisting in judging the occurrence of the ore body, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: laying vertical stratum, contact zone, alteration zone or mineralization zone on the section, and observing and recording apparent resistivity rho by using the RTK determination and excitation combined section method after uniform correctionsVisual stimulation ηsTwo parameters, the power supply electrode distance is planned to be selected from three types of OA (BO) of 100m, 200m and 400m, the corresponding MN/2 is respectively 5m, 10m and 20m, the working point distance is selected from 5 to 10m, the power supply electrode C is arranged at infinity, and OC is more than or equal to 5 times of OA; a, M, N, B move along measuring lines point by point during measurement, and each measuring point observes rhosA、ηsA and rhosB、ηsB, the recording point is the midpoint of the MN.
Preferably, the variation of the deep grade, thickness, scale and shape of the mineralized body is determined by using the drilling technology, and the specific operation process of the mineralized body or ore deposit is found as follows: utilizing the delineated surface mineralized bodies to carry out drilling deployment, specifically positioning the drilled holes at the surface mineralized enriched section, and specifically positioning by referring to the rock mass or stratum attitude and terrain; the ore body yield is 60-85 degrees, when the ore body yield is more than 60 degrees, the drilling engineering construction adopts an 80-degree inclined hole, the construction method adopts large-caliber directional drilling, and the outer diameter of a drilling tool is not less than 75 mm; the average core taking rate of the ore body and the cores and cores in 3-5m of the top and bottom plates of the ore body is not lower than 90%, the continuous length of the core taking rate of the ore body in a thick and large ore body, which is lower than 90%, cannot exceed 5m, and the average layered taking rate of the core of the surrounding rock is not lower than 80%; the drilling sampling method is that the core is cut into two halves along the long axis direction of the core and the mineralization uniformity, one half is used as a basic analysis sample and sent to a test unit for processing and assay, and the other half is reserved for checking and researching; sampling on the mineralized body without crossing layers, wherein the sample length is 1.0m for gold and silver, the sample length is 1.5m for copper, lead and zinc polymetallic, sampling ring edges at two sides of the mineralized body, and determining the change conditions of the deep grade, thickness, scale and production state of the mineralized body through drilling engineering.
Preferably, preliminarily determining the range of the concealed ore-containing rock mass according to the high-low temperature ore species change of the vein-shaped ore mass, the ore forming characteristics of the narrow change of the pulse width and the characteristics of the alteration zonation, and laying 1/1 ten thousand wide-area electromagnetic method sections to measure and enclose the deep-section bladder-shaped low-resistance body, namely determining the specific position and the burial depth of the concealed ore-containing rock mass;
the high-low temperature ore variety change mineralization characteristics of the vein-shaped ore body are as follows: the mineralizing bands from near to far from the center of the heat source are: cu, Mo → Cu, Au, As → Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Sn → Pb, Zn, Ag → Ag, the high temperature ore species changes to the low temperature ore species;
the change in altered zonal characteristics is: the zonation from the near to the far from the center of the heat source is a potassium zone → a silicified zone → a argillization zone → a bedrock zone, and the altered rock is collected into a thin slice sample for identification, and the alteration zonation is systematically researched; the mineralization is distributed in the silicification belt in a narrow pulse dip-dyed shape, a dense dip-dyed shape and a narrow pulse dip-dyed superposed pulse belt shape;
1/1 the specific operation process of wide-area electromagnetic profile measurement is as follows: 1/1 section of wide area electromagnetic method is arranged at the beneficial position of the hidden rocky mass containing ore spots presumed according to the characteristics of ore formation and the alteration characteristics, the wide area electromagnetic system comprises a wide area electromagnetic transmitter, a wide area electromagnetic receiver and a high power generator, the signal source of the wide area electromagnetic transmitter is an sequence pseudo-random signal, and can transmit 7 frequencies and voltage ranges simultaneously: < 1000V, Current Range: < 200A, frequency range: 0.0117-8192 Hz; the wide-area electromagnetic instrument receiver has the following specific indexes: the resolution ratio of an analog-to-digital converter is 24 bits, the speed of the analog-to-digital converter is larger than 600KSPS, the signal input range is-37.5 mV- +37.5mV, the signal frequency range is 0.0117Hz-10KHz, the detection sensitivity is larger than or equal to 0.05mV, the potential difference measurement precision is +/-0.5%, the input impedance is 3M omega, the fixed gain is 100, the time-of-flight control gain is 1-2n times, n is 0-12, namely 1-4096 times, the 50Hz power frequency is suppressed to 60dB, the measuring point distance is 40M, and the test transceiving distance is larger than 15km according to the required detection depth.
Preferably, the saccular low-resistance body in the beneficial range of the porphyry body utilizes the deep drilling technology to survey the deep and hidden thick porphyry body containing the ore, and the specific operation process is as follows: the method comprises the steps of determining the drilling position and depth according to the beneficial position of the blind rockmass containing the ore spots presumed according to the characteristics of ore formation and the alteration characteristics by combining the position and depth of a bladder-shaped low-resistance body defined in a wide area, wherein the drilling engineering construction is a straight hole, the construction method adopts large-caliber directional drilling, the outer diameter of a drilling tool is not less than 75mm, and the diameter of an actually taken rock core is about 49 mm; the average core taking rate of the ore body and the cores and cores in 3-5m of the top and bottom plates of the ore body is not lower than 90%, the continuous length of the core taking rate of the ore body in a thick and large ore body, which is lower than 90%, cannot exceed 5m, and the average layered taking rate of the core of the surrounding rock is not lower than 80%; the drilling sampling method is that the core is cut into two halves along the long axis direction of the core and the mineralization uniformity, one half is used as a basic analysis sample and sent to a test unit for processing and assay, and the other half is reserved for checking and researching; sampling on a mineralized body without crossing layers, wherein the length of gold and silver is 1.0m, the length of copper, lead and zinc polymetallic is 1.5m, sampling circle edges at two sides of the mineralized body, and determining the thickness, the scale, the mineralization type and the ore body grade of the rock body containing the ore spots through drilling engineering.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: the invention provides a comprehensive exploration method for multi-metal mineral products, provides an integrated mineral exploration method of an ore formation system, water system sediment measurement, rock debris measurement, large-scale physical exploration profile/high-precision magnetic measurement and engineering verification, and obtains a huge breakthrough in the mineral exploration process. The silver resource amount submitted by the Namore Kangcheri ditch mining area and the Harri Zao mining area exceeds 6400 tons, and accounts for more than 80 percent of the total amount of the silver ore resources which are already explored in Qinghai province. The implementation of the combined method can effectively avoid the limit of shallow coverage conditions on conventional geological mapping, can quickly reduce the target area for finding the ore in the coverage area of the fourth system, and realize the spatial positioning of a mineralization alteration zone and an ore-containing geologic body, thereby improving the success rate of finding the ore, having the advantages of short investigation period, high efficiency and low investigation cost, and being suitable for the investigation of shallow pulse copper-lead-zinc-silver ores and skarn type iron-copper ores; the wide-area electromagnetic method has the absolute advantage of large detection depth, combines an ore-finding prediction geological model established according to geological characteristics and a presumed range of the blind ore-containing porphyry body, and is suitable for exploration of deep blind porphyry type copper-molybdenum ores.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the comprehensive investigation method of the polymetallic mineral production of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comprehensive anomaly map for measuring 1/2.5-thousand-water-based sediments in Harzza area according to the embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comprehensive anomaly map for measuring 1/1 ten thousand rock fragments in Harzza area according to the embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an abnormal profile of 1/5 kE geological section of a V ore belt in Harzary district according to an embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an abnormal profile of 1/5 kE geological section of VI zone in Harzza area according to the embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing abnormal measurement of a cross section of an 1/5 Kyara power transmission elevator in the Harzza area according to the embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the abnormality measurement of the 1/2 Kyara area in the Harzza area in the integrated exploration method for polymetallic minerals according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a comprehensive anomaly of high-precision magnetic measurement of 1/1 ten thousand in Hariza area in an embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the measurement anomaly in wide-area electromagnetic method of 1/1 Hazar area in the embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view and a physical view of a prospecting line of a VI ore zone 11 in a metallic ore region of the Hazary binding area in accordance with an embodiment of the method for comprehensively prospecting polymetallic minerals of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a geological model diagram for prospecting in Harzza area according to the embodiment of the method for comprehensive prospecting of polymetallic minerals of the present invention;
in fig. 6, 1 is a second-long granite of Jurassic, 2 is a second-long granite of Jurassic, 3 is a second-long granite of Jurassic, 4 is a second-long granite of similar spot shape of the second-long granite, 5 is a alashan group crystal-chip tuff lava, 6 is a fault, 7 is a geological boundary, 8 is an alteration broken zone, 9 is a low-resistance high-polarization abnormal zone, 10 is an exploration line number, 11 is a drilling position.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and improve the mineral exploration success rate in a shallow coverage area.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, wherein fig. 1 is a flowchart of the comprehensive investigation method of the multi-metal mineral of the present invention, fig. 2 is a comprehensive anomaly map for measuring 1/2.5 ten thousand water-based sediments in the hai-zha region in the embodiment of the comprehensive investigation method of the multi-metal mineral of the present invention, fig. 3 is a comprehensive anomaly map for measuring 3 ten thousand rock cuttings in the hai-zha region 1/1 in the embodiment of the comprehensive investigation method of the multi-metal mineral of the present invention, fig. 4 is a profile anomaly map for analyzing 24 thousand rocks in the hai-zha region V ore belt 1/5 in the embodiment of the comprehensive investigation method of the multi-metal mineral of the present invention, fig. 5 is a profile anomaly map for analyzing rocks in the hai-zha region VI ore belt 1/5 in the embodiment of the comprehensive investigation method of the multi-metal mineral of the present invention, fig. 6 is a profile map for measuring anomalies in the hai-zha region 1/5 in the embodiment of the comprehensive investigation method of the multi-metal mineral of the present invention, fig. 7 is an 1/2 thousand-induced-polarization combined profile measurement anomaly map of the hagata region in the specific embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention, fig. 8 is a 1/1 million high-precision magnetic measurement comprehensive anomaly map of the hagata region in the specific embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention, fig. 9 is a 1/1 million wide-area electromagnetic measurement anomaly map of the hagata region in the specific embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention, fig. 10 is a section map of an exploration line of a VI mineral zone 11 of the hagata region and a real object map of the metallic mineral region in the specific embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention, and fig. 11 is a prediction geological model map of prospecting the polymetallic region in the specific embodiment of the comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the best prospecting effect of the combination of the prospecting techniques is explained by taking the best hope of mining the hamiger copper-lead-zinc silver-gold ore in the east of east Kunlun.
The source and ore control factors of the ore-forming mineral products of the porphyry type-hot liquid vein type-skarn type are known from the aspect of an ore-forming system:
the east Kunlun end finds that a plurality of silver-copper-lead-zinc polymetallic ore deposits mainly comprise Habiza, Naguokhel ditch, Naja black, Zma Mashan slope and the like, part of silver ores reach the scale of large ore deposits, the causes of the silver polymetallic ore deposits mainly comprise shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type (Naguokhel ditch), porphyry type-hot liquid vein type (Habiza) and silicalite type (Shidolong), and different ores in the same ore deposit have different causes.
1. (1) the ground structure background: the Dongkun is an ideal structural magma zone for forming porphyry type ore deposits, and the structural magma background is a bottom invasion combination, a land-crust deep melting combination and a dismantling and sinking combination in a rear collision stage; the deep fracture combination mainly comprises deep fractures of Dongkun Zhongke and Qibange-Dulan and secondary fractures combined with the deep fractures, and is an important tectonic magma condition for mineralization. According to the characteristics of tectonic evolution and magma activity, the belt has two kinds of rock masses of collision and sliding in land, and the magma source mainly comprises a mantle source, a shell mantle mixed source and the fusion of a newly-generated crust; the calcareous-high kalium-calcareous basic rock associated with adag rock is an important rock condition for the mineralization of eastern kunlun porphyry.
(2) The mineralization of porphyry mineralization series mineral products: the mineralization of porphyry type mineralization series minerals in Harzza area mainly goes through two stages. The first stage is that in the process of intrusion of magma in the journal stage-Yanshan stage, volatile matter carrying copper polymetallic mineral elements is transported to the top and periphery. At the contact part with surrounding rocks, the temperature of the rock slurry is reduced when the rock slurry is cooled, and the secondary minerals, dark minerals, minerals such as plagioclase feldspar and quartz, copper polymetallic elements and the like in the rock slurry begin to crystallize out. As the magma evolves further, copper elements are continuously gathered at the place, and the quartz rocky body containing the ore and hidden ore around Harzza is formed. In the process of rock pulp evolution, the rock pulp is gradually condensed and crystallized from the edge part to the center along with the time, more copper elements remain in the rock pulp and are continuously enriched along with the rock pulp evolution (the hidden rock mass containing ore deposit). The second stage is the stage of forming the minerals of Hazara copper, lead, zinc, tin, gold and silver, etc. because the mineral-containing hot liquid is in H state along with the cooling shrinkage and the development of the regional structure2s-、F-、Cl-The volatile components are driven to move along the surrounding rock cracks and structural crushing zones in the northwest direction and the northeast direction, different ore species are formed at different temperature stages in the process of ore-containing hot liquid movement, and filling and ore formation are mainly used in the stage and substitution are used as assistance. Hydrothermal vein type II and III ore zones, IV and V ore zones, VI ore zone, VII mineralization zone and skarn type victorite are formed from near to far in sequence from the porphyry body to the periphery. Therefore, the Harzza area has the characteristics of typical porphyry ore-forming series (porphyry type-hot liquid vein type-silicalite type) mineral products.
(3) Enriching silver in mineral-containing fluid: large area late Sanjianzhi land-phase volcanic rock development in east Kunlun east region, and volcanic rock stratum of Himalayan mountain with Ag content higherBackground value of ore-containing hydrothermal solution in H2s-、F-、Cl-When the surrounding rock is the Ore rock of the Ore set of Ore, Ag in the surrounding rock is extracted to form a silver-rich ore-containing fluid, so that a silver-rich ore body is often trapped in a structural zone in the Ore set of Ore rock.
(4) Ore controlling factors: the regional geological structure strictly controls the mineral zone, in a long geological age, the region undergoes multiple complex and strong tectonic movements, and is controlled by three deep and large fractures of Kunzei, Kunzhong and Waohanshan-hot spring, and the deep and large fractures provide necessary material transportation channels for rock pulp and mineral liquid in the region; the secondary fracture has the characteristic of multi-stage activity, and the known silver polymetallic ore is obviously controlled by the secondary structure in the north-south direction or the north-west direction, so the north-west direction fracture and the interlaminar fracture are main mineral-forming structures.
2. Water system deposit measurement: 1/2.5 ten thousand water system sediment measurement circled numbers GA101, GA108, GA119, GA123, GA137, GA147, GA136 and GA130 are abnormal, the shapes are irregular oval and round, and the shapes are spread in the directions from north west to south east, as shown in FIG. 2; wherein Pb, Zn, Ag, Cu and Sn have good nesting property and are accompanied by As, Sb, Bi, Mo and other elements. The abnormal areas of Cu, Pb and Ag elements are large and are often distributed on the abnormal peripheries of Zn, Sn, As and the like; the second most abnormal area of Sn is mostly distributed in the southeast side of Cu. The Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag have high abnormal peak value, high strength, clear concentration center, good three-level concentration banding, and the Pb and Ag basically have the same concentration parts. The development of a fracture structure in the abnormal area, the abnormal form is extremely consistent with the direction of a mining area structural line and the position of a circled mining area, and the prospect of finding minerals such as Cu, Ag, Pb, Zn, Sn, Au and the like is very good.
3. Abnormal characteristics of rock debris measurement: 1/1 where the abnormal shape is irregular ellipse and round like as a whole and is spread in the direction of north west to south east as shown in fig. 3, and the abnormal shapes are numbers of VIAYX1, VIAYX2, VIAYX3, VIAYX4, VIAYX5, VIAYX6, VIAYX7, VIAYX8, VIAYX9, VIAYX10, VIIAYX1, VIIAYX2, VIIAYX3, VIIAYX4, VIIAYX5 and VIIAYX6 determined by ten thousand rock debris measuring circles; wherein VIAYX 1-VIAYX 10 is mainly Cu in abnormality, and is accompanied by Pb, Zn, W,Sn, Ag, Au, As, Bi and other elements generally have peacock petrifaction, yellow iron mineralization, brown iron mineralization and the like on the ground surface, a plurality of peacock petrifaction, brown iron mineralization and alteration broken zones and copper-containing granite spangle vein are defined on the ground surface, and a huge-scale copper ore body is defined. VIIAYX1 abnormity is in a northwest irregular oval shape overall, the elements are well sleeved, the mineral forming elements are distributed in a concentrated manner, Pb, Zn, Ag and As are taken As main materials and are accompanied with Au, Sb, Sn and Mo abnormity, the area is large, the strength is high, and the peak values of Pb, Zn and Ag are 29758 multiplied by 10 respectively-9、881×10-9、＞3200×10-9(ii) a VIIAYX2 is irregular and elliptical, mainly comprises As and Sb, is accompanied by a small amount of Au, Ag and Mo, and has general nesting property; VIIAYX3 is irregular, mainly comprises As and Ag, is accompanied by Au and a small amount of Pb and Zn, has small scale and relatively poor registration; through verification, a V ore belt is defined in sb12 found in the VIIAYX1 abnormity, the ore species has copper-lead-zinc-tin-silver-gold, the abnormity can be explained basically, but the scale of the abnormity in the east-west direction is large, and the width of the abnormity cannot be explained well by the ore body of the V ore belt; thus, the method still has good prospect of finding the copper-lead-zinc-tin-silver gold ore. The VIIAYX4 abnormity is totally in a northwest irregular oval shape, the element nesting is good, the mineralizing elements are distributed in a concentrated manner, the abnormal shapes of Pb, Zn and Ag are most obviously reflected, and Cu abnormity is accompanied; three altered and broken zones of sb15, sb20 and sb19 are found in the abnormality, the earth surface has stronger kaolinization, limonite mineralization, serite petrochemistry and the like, and the large-scale No. VI lead-zinc-silver ore zone is found on the earth surface and in deep parts. VIIAYX5 is in an oval shape in the east-west direction, Cu, Pb, Ag, Mo, Sn and Bi elements are well sleeved, and the mineral forming elements are distributed in a concentrated manner. The abnormal body is controlled by the ductile shear band. The earth surface has weak silicification, limonite mineralization and the like, and is revealed by the exploration groove to generate a cash mineralizer. VIIAYX6 is abnormally elliptical, elements such As Cu, Pb, Zn, As, W, Sn and the like are well sleeved, and the distribution of mineral forming elements is concentrated, but the abnormal area is small and the scale is not large; overall, the circled rock debris is controlled by the circled 7 ore belts very obviously, which shows that the rock debris measurement result is obvious, provides good basis for selecting favorable sections for geological prospecting, and indicates the key sections of one-step work of each ore belt.
4. Rock geological profile measurement: 1/5 thousand rock sections are mainly arranged in rock debris common VIIAYX1, VIIAYX2, VIIAYX3 and VIIAYX4, are vertical to the direction of the abnormal long axis, and part of the sections pass through abnormal high-value points, and are mainly used for carrying out thinning decomposition and mineralization positioning on the abnormality; wherein, VIIAYX1, VIIAYX2, VIIAYX3 are arranged with 12 1/5 thousand rock sections at abnormally large intervals, numbered YP13, YP14, YP15, YP16, YP17, YP18, YP19, YP20, YP21, YP22, YP23, YP24, as shown in fig. 4. The surrounding rock in the area invades into the rock mass in the early second of the year, is produced in a large rock base form in the area, and does not have the characteristics of a mineral resource layer. Therefore, the section measurement result shows that the contents of Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, W, Sn, Bi and Mo are integrally low; but the positions of corresponding fracture, ore-containing alteration and crushing zones and the like in the section are displayed in a higher element abnormity manner, particularly abnormal banding and spreading are realized, so that the ore finding range can be further reduced, and the next engineering layout can be well guided. 6 # type rock sections are distributed on the VIIAYX4 at large intervals, and are numbered YP3, YP4, YP5, YP6, YP7 and YP8 respectively, as shown in FIG. 5. It can be seen that the abnormalities were well exhibited and were distributed in the form of nearly parallel bands, in which the elements of Pb, Zn, and Ag were well-fitted, exhibiting high abnormalities. Maximum value of Pb element is 13056X 10-6Average value of 1049 × 10-6(ii) a Maximum value of Zn element is 1100X 10-6Average value of 342X 10-6(ii) a The maximum value of Ag element is 3819 multiplied by 10-9Average value of 1574X 10-9. The fracture, alteration and crushing zone exists at the corresponding abnormal position in the section, and particularly the fracture, alteration and crushing zone abnormally forms strip-shaped spreading, so that the ore searching range can be further reduced, and the next engineering layout can be well guided.
5. And (3) measuring the section of the energized elevator: 1/5 the section of the kilo-excitation electric ladder is mainly arranged in the rock debris common VIIAYX1, VIIAYX2, VIIAYX3 and VIIAYX4 and is vertical to the abnormal long axis direction; and a total of 10 excitation escalator sections are arranged and are numbered as WP 1-WP 10. By analyzing the characteristics of the abnormal curve of the induced voltage, the apparent resistivity normal field of the area is about 400-600 omega.m, the apparent polarizability normal field is about 2-4%, and the apparent resistivity curve is characterized by north, south, east, west and west; the visual polarizability curve is characterized by a high middle and low sides, and the visual polarizability value in the south is low. According to the high resistance characteristic of an apparent resistivity curve, a north-west abnormal zone can be marked in the south, the abnormal zone is matched with a north-west fracture structure, the main lithology exposed in the section is second-generation second-long granite, and according to the result of the electrical property measurement, the abnormal zone has the characteristics of low-medium resistance and low polarization and is a rock mass contact zone or lithologic transition zone; a North-West abnormal zone can be divided in the middle of the section according to the high polarization characteristic, the low-resistance high polarization abnormal characteristic is presented overall, the position with high apparent polarization rate value corresponds to lower apparent resistivity, the highest apparent polarization rate value is about 8%, and the apparent resistivity value is about 400 omega m. The anomaly band extends from the WP1 cross section to the WP10 cross section by about 3.2km, and the anomaly width gradually narrows from north to south as shown in FIG. 6. Through surface inspection, a zonally spread limonite mineralization and alteration broken zone is found, which indicates that the mineralization and alteration broken zone controlled by a fracture structure is a favorable mineralization section, namely the low-resistance and high-polarization excitation abnormality is an mineralization abnormality.
6. The method comprises the steps of measuring a stimulated electrical joint section, wherein the stimulated electrical joint section is mainly arranged in a ground surface structure alteration fracture zone development section, a mineralization enrichment section is found through groove detection control, but the ground surface cannot judge the trend of an ore layer, so that the method mainly makes auxiliary judgment on the appearance, burial depth, deepening performance and the like of an ore body, the stimulated electrical joint section method is used for simulating observation and recording two parameters of apparent resistivity rho s and apparent polarizability η s, power supply electrode distance is used for selecting OA (BO) to be 70m, 140m and 280m, corresponding MN/2 to be 10m, 20m and 40m, working point distance is selected to be 10m, power supply electrode C is arranged at an infinite distance and OC (3871500 m), measurement is performed in a point-by point mode along a measuring line during measurement, each measuring point is used for observing rho a, η a and low resistivity rhob and η b, the LP is seen from a drawing 7, the change of an apparent curve 2 is large, the apparent resistivity curve of the apparent south polaroid resistivity is relatively large, the apparent resistivity curve of the apparent resistivity of the south polaroid curve is relatively large as a relatively large as an apparent resistivity curve, the south pole resistivity curve of the south pole resistivity, the earth element, the background value of a relatively large as a relatively small as well as a relatively small as well as a relatively small pole resistivity, the low resistivity of a relatively small pole resistance, the earth resistivity of a relatively small pole resistance, the earth resistance of a relatively small pole resistance of a relatively large as a relatively large pole resistance of a relatively small pole resistance, the earth resistance of a relatively large pole, the earth, the.
7. High-precision magnetic anomaly characteristics: the magnetite ore in the ancient Yuangujie Jinshui rock group marble in the mining area has stronger magnetism, and the average value of the magnetic susceptibility is about 68835-10-5X4 π SI, the average of the remanent magnetization of which is about 25328 · 10-3A/m, the strongest magnetism. The Yuanguyuan Jinzuojiao detritus and the Jurassic regular granite also have medium magnetism but uneven magnetism; the terranean volcanic rocks of the Himalayan group of late Sanjiaoshan are uneven in magnetic distribution, some of the terranean volcanic rocks show medium magnetism, and some of the terranean volcanic rocks show weak magnetism. The granite spangle and the altered granite spangle and the granite spangle of the second morning are main magnetic bodies causing medium magnetic anomalies, can cause magnetic anomalies of hundreds to thousands of nanometers, reflect the magnetic anomaly characteristics of more regular and saw-tooth jumping, and are the interference anomalies in the area. The copper-containing mineralized binchotan, malachite petrochemical granite and granite spangle have weak magnetism, can only cause magnetic abnormality of several nanometers or even hundreds of nanometers, has weak reflection strength, and can be barely distinguished from a background field.
Magnetic anomaly characterization and interpretation inference: as shown in FIG. 7, 8 magnetic anomalies, numbered C1-C8, are defined in the area surrounding Harzary Hazary, depending on the anomaly morphology, strength and geological location.
The main abnormal features associated with mineralization are as follows:
8. channel sounding disclosure and drilling engineering verification
The distribution range of the preferred ore species is determined through 1/2.5 ten thousand water system sediment measurement and 1/1 ten thousand rock debris measurement, the abnormality of zonal spreading is further delineated in an abnormal area through the 1/5 thousand rock section, the 1/5 thousand exciting medium gradient section and the 1/1 thousand high-precision magnetic method measurement, the mineralization positioning is further carried out, and the VIII strip iron copper lead zinc silver gold ore body length is 2800m, the thickness is 1.5-31.24m, the copper average grade is 0.48%, the lead average grade is 0.91%, the zinc average grade is 0.77%, the silver average grade is 89.63g/t, the full iron grade is 34.17% and the gold average grade is 1.39g/t through the ground surface channel engineering inspection.
V ore zone exploration control finds a mineralization enrichment section, but the surface cannot judge the ore bed tendency, so that the deep ore body tendency is judged to be a south inclination by using an induced-excitation combined profile method, and deep verification evaluation of drilling engineering is guided well.
9. Wide-area electromagnetic measurement: 1/1 wide-area electromagnetic method measures and knows the deep electric structure characteristics of Harzza VI ore belt, detects the underlying structure characteristics, obtains resistivity parameters through the wide-area electromagnetic sounding method, knows the deep electric characteristics of the area, knows the deep characteristics of rock mass and fracture structure through the interpretation of the electric parameters, delineates the position of the hidden ore-bearing spot rock mass, guides the deep prospecting of the area, and constructs the 11-wire electromagnetic method section of the VI ore belt. The data processing of the wide-area electromagnetic method adopts least square constraint inversion based on a prior model, and the platform can perform static correction based on terrain reference. Model constraint based on known physical properties can be carried out, and the model is more approximate to an actual geological model.
GY3 Cross-sectional orientation 40 degree, longitudinal overall section, shallow layer of low resistance, late Sanshin's Himalayan land-related volcanic rock (T)3e) Therefore, the superficial vein-like ore body of the VI ore zone and the upland volcanic rock of the Alaska of late Sandshi have small apparent resistivity difference and are difficult to distinguish from each other. The point profile 230-264 exhibits a low stop band, which extends 1500m from the shallow to the deep, which extends east to the north section of the profile. As shown in fig. 9, from the wide-area two-dimensional inversion result, the western apparent resistivity has no obvious low resistance, but has a first low resistance, the apparent resistivity is 300-.
10. Establishing a prospecting prediction geological model: by analyzing the mineralization characteristics of the VI ore zone, the mineralization is changed from hydrothermal vein type mineralization to porphyry type mineralization from near surface to deep part, namely, the characteristic 'upper vein and lower body' characteristics exist. From fig. 10, from shallow to deep, the lead-zinc-silver mineralized minerals are produced in the quartz vein body with the width of the vein width of thin vein (1mm) -middle vein (2-5mm) -thick vein (0.5-5cm), and are typical hydrothermal vein type minerals; and then the sparse dip-dyed mineralized altered granite masses are found in the deep part, and the deep part mineralization has the characteristics of large thickness and uniform grade and is a typical porphyry mineral product. From fig. 11, thick and large erosion zones were found at the bottom of the vein-like ore body: the range of the bedrock (chlorite, epidotite) -argillization (kaolinite) -silicification (quartz) -potassiusation (potash feldspar) can be preliminarily presumed for the concealed rocky mass containing mineral lumps. Therefore, the rocky body containing thick and large ore bodies in the deep part is the ore-forming parent rock of the VI ore zone and is also the key point of future exploration. By further exploring silicification and serite diagenesis zones in the step of argillization zones, thick and large porphyry copper and molybdenum ore bodies are expected to be found, and the resource amount of a mining area is increased greatly.
The mining type of the mining area is typical porphyry type-hot liquid vein type-skarn type, and the mining area denudation degree is shallow according to analysis of geological characteristics, geophysical prospecting abnormity, chemical prospecting abnormity element combination and the like. By combining the verification of drilling engineering, the summary of mineralization rules and the evidence of a geophysical prospecting wide-area electromagnetic method, the Harzary mining area has a prospect of searching for the lateritic copper-molybdenum ore.
According to the invention, through the research and the ore finding technical method tests in recent years, a silver, copper, lead, zinc, gold and tin ore deposit is taken as a key research object, a batch of silver polymetallic ore sites and mineralized sites are found at the periphery and peripheral areas of the silver polymetallic ore deposit, and a major breakthrough for searching the silver polymetallic ore is obtained; the investigation technical method is combined to search the porphyry-hot liquid vein-skarn type iron copper lead zinc silver polymetallic and precious metal ores in the east-Kunlun shallow coverage area, and has good ore searching effect. It should be noted that the comprehensive prospecting method for polymetallic minerals according to the present invention is not intended for the hardwicka silver copper lead zinc gold tin deposit, but is specifically described by taking the hardwicka silver copper lead zinc gold tin deposit as an example.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive exploration method for polymetallic minerals is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a magma rock section according to the time-space characteristics of the magma rock output and the regional geological background, measuring 1/2.5 ten thousand water system sediments in the magma rock section, preliminarily determining an ore target area and classifying the target area, and selecting a section with stronger abnormality or better abnormal registration of copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold in the classification of the target area to determine as a first optimal target area;
according to the exposure condition of the surface bedrock, after 1/1 ten thousand rock debris measurement delineation abnormalities are developed in the first optimal target area, a section with stronger copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold abnormalities or better abnormal registration is selected to be determined as a second optimal target area;
according to the characteristic that surface ores are distributed along the secondary tectonic zone, the second optimal target area is measured by adopting 1/5 thousand soil geochemical profiles, 1/5 thousand rock geochemical profiles, 1/5 thousand induced polarization middle gradient profiles or 1/1 thousand high-precision magnetic methods to carry out abnormal decomposition, and the materialized abnormal detection zone which is circled to be in the strip-shaped distribution is determined as the third optimal target area, namely the geological position of the surface ore containing;
performing a scouting inspection on the third preferred target area to find out the position of the geological body containing minerals on the earth surface of the abnormal area and the mineralization clue area;
shallow uncovering, searching and controlling the specific position, form and characteristics of a mineralization zone or a mineralization body by using a groove probe or a shallow drill for the position of the mineral-containing geological body and the mineralization clue zone, and determining the mineral body tendency by using an 1/5 thousand induced polarization combined profile;
determining the change conditions of the deep grade, thickness, scale and production state of the mineralized body by utilizing a drilling technology, and controlling the vein-like silver, copper, lead and zinc ore bodies or ore zones;
preliminarily determining the range of the concealed ore-containing rock mass according to the high-low temperature ore species change of the vein-shaped ore body, the mineralization characteristics of the width change of the vein and the alteration zonation characteristics of pan petrochemistry, argillization, silicification and potassification, and laying 1/1 ten thousand wide-area electromagnetic method profile measurement delineation deep saccular low-resistance bodies, namely determining the specific position and the burial depth of the concealed ore-containing rock mass; and (3) exploring the deep and concealed thick rocky containing ores by utilizing a deep drilling technology for the saccular low-resistance bodies in the range of the concealed rocky containing ores so as to control the yield of the rocky copper and molybdenum ores.
2. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 1, wherein: the vein-like ore body mainly comprises copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold ore or lead, zinc and silver ore and also comprises tin ore; the lateritic porphyry mineral is copper and molybdenum mineral.
3. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 2, wherein: the ore forming system is a porphyry ore forming system under the land and land collision mountain making environment, and forms a porphyry-hot liquid vein-skarn type ore forming series.
4. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 2, wherein: when 1/2.5 ten thousand water system sediment measurement is carried out, the sampling density is controlled to be 16-20 points/1 km2And (4) making a combined abnormal graph for the test data, performing in-class evaluation on the same main elements, and then performing in-class evaluation according to the abnormal graphsAnd (4) carrying out abnormal classification on the frequent characteristics, the geological conditions and the mineral finding significance, combining the regional geological characteristics and the geological results of the conventional physical exploration and heavy sand abnormality, preliminarily defining a target region of the mineral finding, and classifying the target region.
5. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 2, wherein: when 1/1 ten thousand rock debris are measured, the sampling lines are arranged according to the direction of 90-270 degrees, high-precision GPS positioning is adopted, the basic mesh degree of rock debris measurement is arranged by 100 multiplied by 40m, and when bedrock is exposed during sampling, multi-point block picking sampling is directly carried out; when soil or aeolian loess is covered, exposing until bedrock is exposed, sampling at multiple points to combine into a sample, wherein the sampling granularity is 2-10mm, the combined weight of the sample is more than 300g, making a combined abnormal graph for test data by using software, performing in-class evaluation on the test data by using the same main elements, and then performing abnormal classification according to abnormal characteristics, geological conditions and mining significance; and (3) according to geological features of the mining area and the original abnormal range of 1/2.5 ten thousand water system measurement, determining comprehensive abnormality of rock debris measurement, and selecting a section with strong abnormality or good abnormal registration of copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold to determine as a second preferred target area.
6. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 2, wherein:
measuring the second optimal target area by adopting an 1/5 thousand soil geochemical section, a 1/5 thousand rock geochemical section, a 1/5 thousand induced polarization middle gradient section or a 1/1 thousand high-precision magnetic method for abnormal decomposition, delineating a banded spread materialized abnormal detection zone, and determining the banded spread materialized abnormal detection zone as a third optimal target area or a third abnormal zone, namely determining the position of the ore-containing zone;
1/5 the detailed operation of the geochemical profile measurement of the thousand soils is as follows: the arrangement of the section is perpendicular to the direction of 1/1 ten thousand rock debris abnormal long axes, and the section passes through a high-value point of a water system abnormal concentration center; the cross section starting point is positioned by a GPS after unified correction, the section line adopts compass orientation, rope measurement and distance measurement, the sample sampling point distance is 10m, a broken altered zone and a mineralization zone are constructed and encrypted to 3m, the sample is sampled in the range of 1/3 points of the point distance around the sampling point during sample collection, the sample is composed of one point or is combined into one sample by 3-5 points, and the sample is collected in the same medium and the substances of the same layer; collecting a soil sample in a bottom soil layer of soil at a depth of 30-80cm from the earth surface, and collecting the soil sample at the bottom of a core soil layer when the soil sample cannot be collected due to thick covering, wherein the collection weight is 500 plus-1000 g so as to ensure that the weight of the sample after sieving is more than 200 g;
the specific operation of 1/5 thousand rock geochemical profile measurement is: the section is provided with high-value points which are perpendicular to the direction of the abnormal long axis of 1/1 rock debris and the section passes through the abnormal concentration center of the water system; the starting point of the section is positioned by using a GPS after unified correction, the section line adopts compass orientation and rope measurement to measure the distance, the sample sampling point distance is 10m, and the special section is encrypted to 3 m; identifying and analyzing light and slice samples collected by the complex lithologic horizon and mineralization characteristics; collecting chemical samples of picked blocks when meeting ore-containing positions or sections with good mineralization;
1/5 the specific operation of the section measurement of the kilo-excited escalator is as follows: laying vertical stratum, contact zone, abnormal long shaft or mineralization zone on the section, using uniformly corrected RTK to determine the section, using an exciting electric elevator device to observe and record apparent resistivity rhosVisual polarization rate ηsThe working parameters comprise that the distance AB between the power supply electrodes is 1200m, the distance MN between the measuring electrodes is 40m, the distance between the measuring points is 10m, the power supply electrodes A, B are not moved during working, the measuring electrodes M, N move point by point along the section simultaneously, the measuring length is two thirds of the distance between the power supply electrodes AB, the recording point is the middle point of MN, and the power supply time is 20 s;
1/1 the specific operation of high-precision magnetic measurement is as follows: the measuring net and the section are distributed with vertical stratums, the real-time dynamic measurement is carried out by adopting a dual-frequency GPS, the total precision of the magnetic measurement work is 5nT, the observation parameter is the total geomagnetic field, the sensitivity of the magnetometer reaches 0.1nT, and the noise level, consistency, daily variation correction, operation and point position error of the magnetometer are smaller than the total error of the magnetic measurement.
7. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 2, wherein: the operation process of shallow revealing, pursuing and controlling the specific position, shape and characteristic of the mineralization zone or the mineralization body by using the channel probe is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of firstly determining the position and the mineralization layer of a geological body containing minerals on the earth surface, specifically laying a groove exploration project on the basis of on-site exploration and inspection, and arranging the groove exploration project in a section containing minerals with the coverage thickness not more than 3m and in a direction perpendicular to the long axis direction and the rock stratum trend direction of a target geological body; the width of the bottom of the tank is not less than 0.8m, the depth is not more than 3m, and the tank penetrates into bedrock by 0.3-0.5m so as to clearly observe the top and bottom plates or the layered interface of the mineralized body and measure the occurrence factor; the chemical sample groove is arranged at the joint of the groove wall and the groove bottom, the sample number is marked, the groove cutting method is used for sampling, the specification of the sample groove is 10 multiplied by 3cm of copper-lead-zinc mineralization and 10 multiplied by 5cm of gold-silver containing mineralization, the weight error rate of the sample is not higher than 10%, the rock surface of a sampling point is cleaned during sampling, surrounding cloth is hung, the sample is prevented from being polluted and splashed, the collection method is strictly carried out according to the specification, the samples are distributed according to the same direction and the same inclination angle, and all the samples are connected end to end; sampling rock sample full-groove control at intervals of 3-5m in a section except for the chemical sample; the mineralized zone and the mineralized body are revealed and controlled through the channel exploration work, the shape, the production state and the scale of the mineralized body are preliminarily found out, and the surface mineralized body is circled;
when the occurrence of a part of mineralization layers cannot be judged, the 1/2 thousand induced polarization combined profile is used for assisting in judging the occurrence of the ore body, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: laying vertical stratum, contact zone, alteration zone or mineralization zone on the section, and observing and recording apparent resistivity rho by using the RTK determination and excitation combined section method after uniform correctionsVisual stimulation ηsTwo parameters, the power supply electrode distance is planned to be selected from three types of OA (BO) of 100m, 200m and 400m, the corresponding MN/2 is respectively 5m, 10m and 20m, the working point distance is selected from 5 to 10m, the power supply electrode C is arranged at infinity, and OC is more than or equal to 5 times of OA; a, M, N, B move along measuring lines point by point during measurement, and each measuring point observes rhosA、ηsA and rhosB、ηsB, the recording point is the midpoint of the MN.
8. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps of determining the change conditions of the deep grade, thickness, scale and attitude of the mineralized body by utilizing a drilling technology, and finding out the specific operation process of the mineralized body or ore deposit as follows: utilizing the delineated surface mineralized bodies to carry out drilling deployment, specifically positioning the drilled holes at the surface mineralized enriched section, and specifically positioning by referring to the rock mass or stratum attitude and terrain; the inclination angle of an ore body is 60-85 degrees, when the ore body is more than 60 degrees, an 80-degree inclined hole is adopted in the drilling engineering construction, the construction method adopts large-caliber directional drilling, and the outer diameter of a drilling tool is not less than 75 mm; the average core taking rate of the ore body and the cores and cores in 3-5m of the top and bottom plates of the ore body is not lower than 90%, the continuous length of the core taking rate of the ore body in a thick and large ore body, which is lower than 90%, cannot exceed 5m, and the average layered taking rate of the core of the surrounding rock is not lower than 80%; the drilling sampling method is that the core is cut into two halves along the long axis direction of the core and the mineralization uniformity, one half is used as a basic analysis sample and sent to a test unit for processing and assay, and the other half is reserved for checking and researching; sampling on the mineralized body without crossing layers, wherein the sample length is 1.0m for gold and silver, the sample length is 1.5m for copper, lead and zinc polymetallic, sampling ring edges at two sides of the mineralized body, and determining the change conditions of the deep grade, thickness, scale and production state of the mineralized body through drilling engineering.
9. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 2, wherein: preliminarily determining the range of the concealed ore-containing rock mass according to the high-low temperature ore species change of the vein-shaped ore body, the ore forming characteristics of the narrow change of the pulse width and the characteristics of the alteration zonation, and laying 1/1 thousand wide-area electromagnetic method sections to measure and define the deep saccular low-resistance body, namely determining the specific position and the burial depth of the concealed ore-containing rock mass;
the high-low temperature ore variety change mineralization characteristics of the vein-shaped ore body are as follows: the mineralizing bands from near to far from the center of the heat source are: cu, Mo → Cu, Au, As → Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Sn → Pb, Zn, Ag → Ag, the high temperature ore species changes to the low temperature ore species;
the change in altered zonal characteristics is: the zonation from the near to the far from the center of the heat source is a potassium zone → a silicified zone → a argillization zone → a bedrock zone, and the altered rock is collected into a thin slice sample for identification, and the alteration zonation is systematically researched; the mineralization is distributed in the silicification belt in a narrow pulse dip-dyed shape, a dense dip-dyed shape and a narrow pulse dip-dyed superposed pulse belt shape;
1/1 the specific operation process of wide-area electromagnetic profile measurement is as follows: 1/1 section of wide area electromagnetic method is arranged at the beneficial position of the hidden rocky mass containing ore spots presumed according to the characteristics of ore formation and the alteration characteristics, the wide area electromagnetic system comprises a wide area electromagnetic transmitter, a wide area electromagnetic receiver and a high power generator, the signal source of the wide area electromagnetic transmitter is an sequence pseudo-random signal, and can transmit 7 frequencies and voltage ranges simultaneously: < 1000V, Current Range: < 200A, frequency range: 0.0117-8192 Hz; the wide-area electromagnetic instrument receiver has the following specific indexes: the resolution ratio of an analog-to-digital converter is 24 bits, the speed of the analog-to-digital converter is larger than 600KSPS, the signal input range is-37.5 mV- +37.5mV, the signal frequency range is 0.0117Hz-10KHz, the detection sensitivity is larger than or equal to 0.05mV, the potential difference measurement precision is +/-0.5%, the input impedance is 3M omega, the fixed gain is 100, the time-of-flight control gain is 1-2n times, n is 0-12, namely 1-4096 times, the 50Hz power frequency is suppressed to 60dB, the measuring point distance is 40M, and the test transceiving distance is larger than 15km according to the required detection depth.
10. The method for comprehensive exploration of polymetallic minerals according to claim 1, wherein: the saccular low-resistance body in the beneficial range of the rocky body utilizes a deep drilling technology to survey the deep and hidden thick rocky body containing the ore deposit, and the specific operation process is as follows: the method comprises the steps of determining the drilling position and depth according to the beneficial position of the concealed rockmass containing the ore spots presumed by the characteristics of ore formation and the alteration characteristics by combining the position and the depth of a wide-area defined bladder-shaped low resistor, wherein the drilling engineering construction is a straight hole, the construction method adopts large-caliber directional drilling, and the outer diameter of a drilling tool is not less than 75 mm; the average core taking rate of the ore body and the cores and cores in 3-5m of the top and bottom plates of the ore body is not lower than 90%, the continuous length of the core taking rate of the ore body in a thick and large ore body, which is lower than 90%, cannot exceed 5m, and the average layered taking rate of the core of the surrounding rock is not lower than 80%; the drilling sampling method is that the core is cut into two halves along the long axis direction of the core and the mineralization uniformity, one half is used as a basic analysis sample and sent to a test unit for processing and assay, and the other half is reserved for checking and researching; sampling on a mineralized body without crossing layers, wherein the length of gold and silver is 1.0m, the length of copper, lead and zinc polymetallic is 1.5m, sampling circle edges at two sides of the mineralized body, and determining the thickness, the scale, the mineralization type and the ore body grade of the rock body containing the ore spots through drilling engineering.
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