CN117571818A - Reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test method and sensor thereof - Google Patents
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/022—Liquids
- G01N2291/0228—Aqueous liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric testing, and provides a method for testing a dielectric function of a reverse transmission aqueous solution, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: placing a sensor at the bottom of a solution tank, and pouring a medium to be measured into the solution tank; injecting transverse electric waves or transverse magnetic waves into the medium to be detected, wherein the transverse magnetic waves or the transverse electric waves generate forward reflection waves and reverse guided waves after passing through the medium to be detected and the sensor; adjusting an included angle phi between a transverse magnetic wave or transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A; the incidence angle theta and the frequency f of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor until the angle beta between the reverse guided wave and the end face of the sensor A is 180 degrees. According to the invention, only the reverse guided wave is measured, so that more accurate energy flow information is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric testing, and particularly relates to a reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function testing method and a sensor thereof.
Background
The super-surface (MS) has received much attention because of its ability to achieve optical devices with unique properties that natural materials do not possess. These properties include directional scattering, perfect mirrors, metal lenses, super surface beam shapers, and holograms. By adjusting the geometric parameters, dielectric constant, and permeability of the supersurface, the wavefront of light can be manipulated making it an attractive option for manufacturing practical sub-wavelength optical devices.
Under the conventional circumstances, if a transverse electric wave (TE) or a transverse magnetic wave (TM) needs to be tested, a sensor needs to be placed in a medium to be tested, and the transverse electric wave (TE) or the transverse magnetic wave (TM) is shot to the sensor, and the transverse electric wave (TE) or the transverse magnetic wave (TM) can generate forward reflection waves and reverse guided waves on the sensor, so that only the energy flow of the forward reflection waves needs to be tested. However, the processing mode is greatly affected by the medium to be tested, and the energy of forward reflection waves can flow and disperse, so that a good test result cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test method and a sensor thereof.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
s1, placing a sensor at the bottom of a solution tank, and pouring a medium to be measured into the solution tank;
s2, injecting transverse electric waves or transverse magnetic waves into a medium to be detected, wherein the transverse magnetic waves or the transverse electric waves generate forward reflection waves and reverse guided waves after passing through the medium to be detected and the sensor;
s3, adjusting an included angle phi between the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A;
s4, adjusting an incidence angle theta and a frequency f of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor until an included angle beta between the reverse guided wave and the end face of the sensor A is 180 degrees;
s5, measuring the reverse guided wave.
Preferably, S1, pouring the medium to be tested into the solution tank, wherein the dielectric constant epsilon of the medium to be tested c The range is 1.77 to 1.86.
Preferably, after the S2, the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave is emitted to the sensor, when f, phi and θ satisfying design requirements are met, part of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave may generate the reverse guided wave on the hBN super surface, and the rest of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave may generate the forward reflected wave.
Preferably, S3, adjusting an included angle phi between the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A;
wherein the included angle phi between the incidence plane of the transverse magnetic wave and the end face of the sensor A TM The range is-20 degrees to 20 degrees;
an included angle phi between the transverse electric wave incident surface and the end surface of the sensor A TE The range is-10 degrees to 10 degrees.
Preferably, S4, an incident angle θ of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor is adjusted;
wherein the incidence angle theta of the transverse magnetic wave to the sensor TM The range is 0-65 degrees;
incident angle theta of the transverse wave to the sensor TE The range is 0-65 degrees.
Preferably, S4, the frequency f of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor is adjusted;
wherein the transverse magnetic wave is directed to the frequency f of the sensor TM In the range of 3.85×10 13 Hz~4.95×10 13 Hz;
The frequency f of the transverse wave to the sensor TE In the range of 2.94×10 13 Hz~3.59×10 13 Hz and 3.85×10 13 Hz~4.76×10 13 Hz。
The reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test sensor comprises an hBN super surface wave guide layer and a gold basal layer; the hBN surface acoustic wave guide layer is arranged on the surface of the gold substrate layer, and faces to the medium to be measured.
Preferably, the hBN supersurface wave guide layer includes reflective strips, and the reflective strips are provided with a plurality of groups, and the reflective strips are arranged periodically.
Preferably, the cross section of the reflecting strip is concave, the protrusions at two ends of the reflecting strip are arranged as resonant cavities, the concave-down part in the middle of the reflecting strip is arranged as a channel, and the width of the resonant cavities at two ends, the width of the channel and the width of the gaps between the two groups of reflecting strips are the same.
Preferably, the distance from the channel surface to the gold base layer surface is one half of the distance from the resonator surface to the gold base layer surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. because the transverse electric wave and the transverse magnetic wave can generate forward reflection wave after being contacted with the sensor) and reverse guided wave, the reflection effect of the forward reflection wave is influenced by the medium to be measured, and the reverse guided wave can not pass through the medium to be measured, so that the influence of the medium to be measured is avoided. In order to obtain better reverse guided wave effect, the included angle phi of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A, the incident angle theta of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor and the frequency f are adjusted until the included angle beta of the reverse guided wave and the end face of the sensor A forms 180 degrees, so that the reverse guided wave can be vertical and enter the energy flow receiver, and more accurate energy flow information is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a transverse electric wave and transverse magnetic wave reflection path;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transverse electric wave and transverse magnetic wave reflection path;
FIG. 3 is a graph of transverse magnetic wave anti-waveguide energy flow as a function of dielectric function in different waveguide media;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the transverse wave reverse waveguide energy flow as a function of dielectric function in different waveguide media;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship of transverse magnetic wave anti-direction waveguide energy flow as a function of incident frequency and angle phi between the incident surface and the end face of sensor A;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship of transverse wave reverse direction wave energy flow as a function of incident frequency and angle phi between the incident surface and the end face of sensor A;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the transmission angle of the incident guided wave of the transverse magnetic wave as a function of the frequency f and the angle of incidence θ;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the transmission angle of a transverse wave incident guided wave as a function of frequency f and angle of incidence θ;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test sensor.
1. An hBN supersurface wave guide layer; 10. a reflective strip; 100. a resonant cavity; 101. a channel; 2. a gold base layer.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. In addition, embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and the described embodiments are merely some, rather than all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The scheme specifically discloses a dielectric function test method for reverse transmission aqueous solution, wherein as shown in fig. 1-2, when external transverse electric waves and transverse magnetic waves pass through a medium to be tested along a path I and are emitted to the sensor hBN super surface, part of the transverse electric waves and the transverse magnetic waves can reflect in a forward reflection wave form along a path R, and the other part of the transverse electric waves and the transverse magnetic waves can reflect through the hBN super surface and reflect in a reverse guided wave form along a path G in the hBN super surface. The conventional test uses forward reflection waves to detect a test object, but the forward reflection waves are conducted outwards from a medium to be tested, so that the reflection effect is affected by the medium to be tested, if the forward reflection waves are too dispersed, a better test effect cannot be obtained, reverse guided waves pass through the bottom layer of the hBN super surface, the material of the hBN super surface is not changed frequently, the conduction of the reverse guided waves is more stable, and a more stable and reliable test effect can be obtained, and the specific test steps are as follows:
s1, placing a sensor at the bottom of a solution tank, and pouring a medium to be tested into the solution tank;
s2, injecting transverse electric waves or transverse magnetic waves into the medium to be detected, wherein the transverse magnetic waves or the transverse electric waves generate forward reflection waves and reverse guided waves after passing through the medium to be detected and the sensor;
s3, adjusting an included angle phi between a transverse magnetic wave or transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A;
s4, adjusting an incidence angle theta and a frequency f of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor until an included angle beta between the reverse guided wave and the end face of the sensor A is 180 degrees;
s5, measuring the reverse guided wave.
S1, pouring a medium to be measured into the solution tank, wherein the dielectric constant epsilon c of the medium to be measured ranges from 1.77 to 1.86, and when transverse magnetic waves or transverse electric waves are emitted to the sensor, the medium to be measured is still required to be used as a conducting medium, so that the dielectric constant epsilon c of the medium to be measured is required to be limited because the transverse magnetic waves or transverse electric waves are not excessively dispersed in the conducting process before the transverse magnetic waves or transverse electric waves are emitted to the sensor to generate forward reflection waves and reverse guided waves. As shown in fig. 3, when the transverse magnetic wave is injected into the medium to be measured, the dielectric constant epsilon c of the medium to be measured is 1.86, and the signal of the reverse guided wave is finally strongest; as shown in fig. 4, when the transverse wave is injected into the medium to be measured, the dielectric constant epsilon c of the medium to be measured is 1.77, and the signal of the reverse guided wave is the strongest.
Specifically, in S2, after the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave is emitted to the sensor along the path I as shown in fig. 2, a part of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave can generate a forward reflection wave reflected along the path R through the hBN super surface of the surface, and the other part of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave can excite a reverse guided wave in the hBN super surface, so that the reverse guided wave is conducted in the super surface along the path G, and cannot interfere with the reflection wave, and is less influenced by the medium to be measured, thereby improving the accuracy of the sensor.
In addition, S3, adjusting an included angle phi between a transverse magnetic wave or transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A;
as shown in FIG. 5, when the angle phi between the incident plane of the transverse magnetic wave and the end face of the sensor A TM The energy flows are weaker at-30 degrees and 30 degrees, stronger at-20 degrees, -10 degrees, 0 degrees, 10 degrees and 20 degrees and are energy flow peaks at 0 degrees, so the included angle phi TM The range of-20 DEG to 20 DEG can obtain better reflection effect.
Wherein, as shown in FIG. 6, the angle phi between the incident surface of the transverse electric wave and the end face of the sensor A TE The energy flows are weaker at-30 degrees, -20 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees, the energy flows are stronger at-10 degrees, 0 degrees and 10 degrees and are energy flow peak values at 0 degrees, so the included angle phi TM The range of-10 degrees to 10 degrees can obtain better reflection effect.
In addition, in order to obtain the strongest test effect, the angle beta between the reverse guided wave and the end face of the sensor A needs to be 180 degrees, namely, the path G is parallel to the end face of the sensor A, and the reverse guided wave can vertically irradiate to an external receiver. In order to make the included angle beta 180 degrees, only the incident angle theta and the frequency f of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor need to be adjusted.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the dark region is shown as an included angle β of 180 °, and it is clear from the figure that the incident angle θ of the transverse wave to the sensor TE The frequency f of transverse electric wave to the sensor ranges from 0 DEG to 65 DEG TE In the range of 2.94×10 13 Hz~3.59×10 13 Hz and 3.85×10 13 Hz~4.76×10 13 Hz。
As shown in FIG. 8, the light-colored region is shown as an included angle beta of 180 degrees, and the transverse magnetism is shown as the graphIncident angle θ of wave to sensor TM The range is 0-65 degrees; frequency f of transverse magnetic wave to sensor TM In the range of 3.85×10 13 Hz~4.95×10 13 Hz。
The scheme also discloses a reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test sensor which acts on the reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test method, as shown in figure 9, and comprises an hBN super surface wave guide layer 1 and a gold basal layer 2; the hBN super surface wave guide layer is arranged on the surface of the gold base layer 2, and faces the medium to be measured. When transverse electric waves or transverse magnetic waves are emitted to the hBN ultra-surface wave guide layer 1, forward reflection waves and reverse guided waves are generated, the reverse guided waves are reflected back along the hBN ultra-surface wave guide layer 1, the downward conducted reverse guided waves are reflected 2 by the gold underlayer 2 and are received by a receiver, and the forward reflection waves are reflected outwards and are not used as a test object of the scheme.
In order to improve the efficiency of the mode of reverse guided wave, the hBN super surface wave guide layer 1 is arranged as the reflective strips 10, the reflective strips 10 are provided with a plurality of groups, the reflective strips 10 are arranged periodically, so that the reverse guided wave can be generated when transverse electric waves or transverse magnetic waves are emitted to the side surfaces of the reflective strips 10, and when the number of the groups of the reflective strips 10 is increased, the transverse electric waves or the transverse magnetic waves can be contacted with the side surfaces of more reflective strips 10, so that stronger reverse guided wave can be generated.
In a further alternative embodiment, the cross section of the reflecting strip 10 is in a concave shape, the protrusions at two ends of the reflecting strip 10 are arranged as resonant cavities 100, the concave part in the middle of the reflecting strip 10 is arranged as a channel 101, the width of the resonant cavities 100 at two ends, the width of the channel 101 and the width of the gap between two groups of reflecting strips 10 are the same, and the distance from the surface of the channel 101 to the surface of the gold basal layer 2 is one half of the distance from the surface of the resonant cavities 100 to the surface of the gold basal layer 2. The meaning of this arrangement is that the hBN ridges on both sides of the reflective strip 10 can form two resonant cavities 100, and when the two resonant cavities 100 have the same geometric dimensions, with the same resonant frequency, the two resonant cavities 100 can form a better coupling, thereby enhancing localization. Secondly, when the height is designed, the distance from the surface of the channel 101 to the surface of the gold basal layer 2 is half of the distance from the surface of the resonant cavity 100 to the surface of the gold basal layer 2, so that the coupling strengthening effect is better. Finally, if the reflective strips 10 and the reflective strips 10 have good symmetry, a good coupling effect can be achieved when the reflective strips 10 are coupled, so that localization of internal transverse electric waves and transverse magnetic waves is enhanced, and interaction of the transverse electric waves and the transverse magnetic waves with the reflective strips 10 is enhanced. And increasing a frequency interval and an angle interval corresponding to the reverse guided wave, and finally increasing the receiving range of the receiver.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention are within the scope of the technical proposal of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing dielectric function of a reverse transmission aqueous solution, comprising:
s1, placing a sensor at the bottom of a solution tank, and pouring a medium to be measured into the solution tank;
s2, injecting transverse electric waves or transverse magnetic waves into a medium to be detected, wherein the transverse magnetic waves or the transverse electric waves generate forward reflection waves and reverse guided waves after passing through the medium to be detected and the sensor;
s3, adjusting an included angle phi between the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A;
s4, adjusting an incidence angle theta and a frequency f of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor until an included angle beta between the reverse guided wave and the end face of the sensor A is 180 degrees;
s5, measuring the reverse guided wave.
2. The method for testing the dielectric function of a reverse osmosis aqueous solution according to claim 1,
s1, pouring the medium to be tested into the solution tank, wherein the dielectric constant epsilon c of the medium to be tested ranges from 1.77 to 1.86.
3. The method for testing the dielectric function of a reverse osmosis aqueous solution according to claim 1,
s2, after the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave is emitted to the sensor, when f, phi and theta meeting design requirements, part of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave can generate the reverse guided wave on the hBN super surface, and the rest of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave can generate the forward reflected wave.
4. The method for testing the dielectric function of a reverse osmosis aqueous solution according to claim 1,
s3, adjusting an included angle phi between the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave incident surface and the end face of the sensor A;
wherein the included angle phi between the incidence plane of the transverse magnetic wave and the end face of the sensor A TM The range is-20 degrees to 20 degrees;
an included angle phi between the transverse electric wave incident surface and the end surface of the sensor A TE The range is-10 degrees to 10 degrees.
5. The method for testing the dielectric function of a reverse osmosis aqueous solution according to claim 1,
s4, adjusting an incident angle theta of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor;
the incidence angle theta of the transverse magnetic wave to the sensor is in a TM range of 0-65 degrees;
and the incident angle theta of the transverse electric wave to the sensor is in a TE range of 0-65 degrees.
6. The method for testing the dielectric function of a reverse osmosis aqueous solution according to claim 1,
s4, adjusting the frequency f of the transverse magnetic wave or the transverse electric wave to the sensor;
wherein the transverse magnetic wave is directed to the frequency f of the sensor TM In the range of 3.85×10 13 Hz~4.95×10 13 Hz;
The frequency f of the transverse wave to the sensor TE In the range of 2.94×10 13 Hz~3.59×10 13 Hz and 3.85×10 13 Hz~4.76×10 13 Hz。
7. A reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test sensor acting on the reverse transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test method according to claim 1-6, characterized in that,
comprises an hBN super surface wave guide layer and a gold basal layer;
the hBN surface acoustic wave guide layer is arranged on the surface of the gold substrate layer, and faces to the medium to be measured.
8. The method for reverse-transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test according to claim 7, wherein,
the hBN super surface wave guide layer comprises reflection strips, wherein a plurality of groups of reflection strips are arranged and periodically arranged.
9. The method for reverse-transmission aqueous solution dielectric function test according to claim 8, wherein,
the cross section of the reflecting strip is concave, the protrusions at two ends of the reflecting strip are arranged into resonant cavities, the concave-down part in the middle of the reflecting strip is arranged into a channel, and the width of the resonant cavities at two ends, the width of the channel and the width of the gaps of the two groups of reflecting strips are the same.
10. The method for testing the dielectric function of a reverse osmosis aqueous solution according to claim 9,
the distance from the channel surface to the gold base layer surface is one half of the distance from the resonator surface to the gold base layer surface.
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Citations (3)
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CN103226007A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-31 | 天津大学 | SPR phase measurement method for measuring thickness of nano metal film |
CN206772322U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-19 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of two-parameter detecting system for surpassing surface based on medium |
US20230194455A1 (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-22 | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | Device for measuring complex dielectric permittivity of a material-under-test, measuring device for multiple reflections of time-domain signals of a complex dielectric and measuring method thereof |
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- 2023-12-01 CN CN202311643803.4A patent/CN117571818A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103226007A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-31 | 天津大学 | SPR phase measurement method for measuring thickness of nano metal film |
CN206772322U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-19 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of two-parameter detecting system for surpassing surface based on medium |
US20230194455A1 (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-22 | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | Device for measuring complex dielectric permittivity of a material-under-test, measuring device for multiple reflections of time-domain signals of a complex dielectric and measuring method thereof |
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