CN117570469A - Combustion monitoring and evaluating method for automatic combustion adjusting system of F-level combustion engine - Google Patents
Combustion monitoring and evaluating method for automatic combustion adjusting system of F-level combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F23M11/045—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows by observing the flame
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combustion monitoring and evaluating method of an automatic combustion adjusting system of an F-level combustion engine, which comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring a plurality of Humming signals and a plurality of ACC signals of a gas turbine; step 2, respectively carrying out one-time filtering treatment on each Humming and ACC signal; step 3, selecting and voting the result after primary filtering based on a set criterion to obtain qualified Humming and ACC signals; step 4, performing secondary filtering processing on the combined Humming and ACC signals to generate Humming control signals and ACC control signals; step 5, the Humming control signal, the ACC control signal and the NO X And (5) carrying out fixed value analysis on the corrected value to obtain a combustion evaluation result. The invention can realize the advanced recognition of unstable combustion and NO X Closed loop control of emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combustion monitoring and evaluating methods of fuel engines, in particular to a combustion monitoring and evaluating method of an automatic combustion adjusting system of an F-level fuel engine.
Background
Currently, a dry low-nitrogen combustor suitable for natural gas fuel is generally adopted in a domestic heavy gas turbine, and a combustion adjustment technology of the gas turbine is a key control technology which is the most core in the debugging of the gas turbine. The combustion adjustment is essentially to adjust the quantity and quantity of each fuel entering the combustion chamber to realize the stability and environmental protection of the combustion engine, and the combustion adjustment extends through each stage from ignition to full load operation of the unit. Therefore, the quality of combustion adjustment is directly related to the thermal efficiency of the unit, the safe operation of the combustion chamber component and the heat channel component and whether the pollutant emission is qualified or not.
In the prior art, an automatic combustion control strategy of an original equipment manufacturer of the F-level gas turbine adopts ACC signals as a reference, so that the change trend of ACC signal values of different frequency spectrum sections is analyzed, and the automatic combustion control is realized through the frequency spectrum analysis of the ACC. The automatic combustion system adopts combustion stability as a single control target, effective control of NOx emission values cannot be realized, and as the harsher requirements are put forward on the NOx emission of the gas turbine in the domestic part of the area, the traditional combustion adjustment method cannot cope with new challenges.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combustion monitoring and evaluating method of an automatic combustion adjusting system of an F-stage combustion engine, which aims to solve the problem that the combustion control strategy based on an ACT signal cannot realize effective control of NOx emission values in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the combustion monitoring and evaluating method of the automatic combustion adjusting system of the F-stage combustion engine comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a plurality of Humming signals and a plurality of ACC signals generated during combustion operation of a combustion engine;
step 2, respectively carrying out one-time filtering processing on each Humming signal and each ACC signal obtained in the step 1 so as to remove interference signals and abrupt signals caused by the interference;
step 3, selecting and voting each Humming signal after primary filtering in the step 2 based on a signal reliability judging criterion, so as to select a Humming signal which can truly reflect the actual combustion pulsation condition from a plurality of Humming signals to serve as a qualified Humming signal;
selecting and voting each ACC signal filtered in the step 2 based on the signal reliability judging criterion so as to select an ACC signal which can truly reflect the vibration of the cylinder body of the combustion chamber from a plurality of ACC signals as a qualified ACC signal;
step 4, respectively carrying out secondary filtering treatment on the qualified Humming signal and the qualified ACC signal obtained in the step 3 to realize smoothing of the voted Humming signal and ACC signal, thereby correspondingly generating Humming control signals and ACC control signals;
step 5, the Humming control signal, the ACC control signal and the NO when the gas turbine works are obtained in the step 4 X And (3) carrying out fixed value analysis on the corrected values and the corresponding threshold values to obtain a combustion evaluation result of the combustion engine.
Furthermore, in the step 2, a filtering algorithm adopting an inertial link as a principle is adopted during primary filtering processing.
Further, when the filtering algorithm based on the inertia link in the step 2 performs primary filtering processing, a dynamic filtering time constant is adopted to keep abrupt signals caused by unstable combustion and reject abrupt signals caused by interference, and the selection of the dynamic filtering time is calculated based on the change rate and the amplitude of the corresponding signals.
Further, in the step 3, when qualified signals are selected from the plurality of Humming signals or the ACC signals in a voting manner, when all the signals are judged to be qualified, an intermediate value is selected from the plurality of signals to be used as the qualified signals after voting; when two qualified signals exist and are only available, the average value of the two qualified signals is selected as the voted qualified signal; when it is determined that there is only one and only one qualified signal, the qualified signal is selected as the voted qualified signal as the specific value.
In step 4, a dynamic time constant-based inertial link filtering algorithm is adopted to perform secondary filtering processing.
Further, in the constant value analysis in step 5, if NO X The correction value continuously exceeds the corresponding first threshold value within the set time, and the Humming control signal and the ACC control signal are respectively smaller than the corresponding first threshold values, so that the analysis result is that the combustion is stable and the margin for regulating the NOx is provided, and the NO of the combustion engine is activated at the moment X Emission reduction control module for closed-loop adjusting NO according to preset target value X Discharge amount up to NO X The discharge amount is adjusted to a preset target value.
Further, in the constant value analysis in step 5, if either one of the Humming control signal and the ACC control signal is greater than the corresponding second threshold value, the analysis result is that the combustion is unstable, and the NO burned by the gas turbine is controlled at this time X The emission reduction module exits control and activates the combustion stability control module to adjust combustion stability until a control signal greater than a corresponding second threshold is returnedIs less than or equal to the corresponding second threshold.
Further, in the constant value analysis in step 5, if NO X The corrected value is continuously smaller than the corresponding third threshold value within the set time, and the Humming control signal and the ACC control signal are respectively smaller than the corresponding third threshold values, so that the analysis result shows that the combustion stability and the NOx emission meet the requirements, and the corrected value has a margin for improving the thermal performance of the fuel engine, and the fuel engine NO at the moment X The emission reduction control module exits, and the energy optimization control module is activated, and the temperature control curve of the combustion engine is dynamically adjusted, so that the thermal performance of the combustion engine is improved.
The invention comprehensively considers the Humming signal reflecting the combustion pulsation and the Acceleration (ACC) signal reflecting the vibration of the cylinder body of the combustion chamber, and combines NO after processing the Humming signal and the ACC signal X The correction value and the corresponding threshold value are subjected to constant value analysis, so that the combustion instability can be recognized in advance, a multi-level gas turbine control strategy can be formed based on the constant value analysis result, the automatic combustion adjustment control of the gas turbine is realized, and NO can be realized on the premise of stable combustion of the gas turbine X Closed-loop control of emission reduction and dynamic optimization of thermal performance of the gas turbine unit can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a combustion monitoring and evaluating method of an automatic combustion adjusting system of an F-stage combustion engine, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a plurality of Humming signals and a plurality of ACC signals generated during combustion operation of a combustion engine by adopting a Humming sensor capable of measuring high-frequency change of pressure of working medium in the combustion chamber and an ACC sensor for measuring high-frequency vibration signals of a cylinder body of the combustion chamber. Wherein the Humming signal reflects a high-frequency pressure pulsation signal of the working medium in the limited space of the combustion chamber, which can generally reflect a precursor of unstable combustion, and the ACC signal is a high-frequency vibration signal of the combustion chamber cylinder body, which is caused by the unstable combustion, and is a result of the unstable combustion.
Since neither the Humming signal nor the ACC signal is a reliable analog signal, the signal characteristics of the Humming signal and the ACC signal cannot be directly used for control, in this embodiment, each Humming signal and each ACC signal are processed through subsequent steps to obtain a control signal that meets the control requirement.
And 2, respectively performing filtering processing on each Humming signal and each ACC signal obtained in the step 1 to remove interference signals and abrupt signals caused by the interference.
In this embodiment, an inertial link filtering algorithm based on a dynamic time constant is adopted during one filtering process, in the filtering algorithm, the dynamic filtering time constant is adopted to retain a sudden change signal caused by unstable combustion and reject an abnormal sudden change signal caused by interference, and the selection of the dynamic filtering time constant is calculated based on a function related to a change rate and an amplitude of a corresponding signal, which specifically includes: the dynamic filter time constant is a function of the rate of change and the amplitude of the signal, with a small time constant being used when the rate of change of the signal is slow (or the amplitude of the signal is small); a large time constant is used when the rate of change is fast (or the signal varies significantly). The specific formula is as follows:
in the above formula:
1.and->Is a constant
2.For signal reference value
3.For real-time values of signals
4.Is a time constant reference value
Taking the filtering process of the Humming original signal as an example, the time constant calculated according to the above formula is assumed to be faster (for example, more than 10 mbar/s) or larger in amplitude (the absolute value of the deviation from the reference value is more than 5 mbar)TWill become larger (e.g., 10 s). When the inertia link filtering algorithm of the time constant is adopted to carry out filtering processing on the Humming signal, and according to the reliability judging criterion, if the calculation result is in a reasonable threshold range, judging that the signal is qualified; otherwise, judging that the signal is unqualified. If the rate of change of the Humming signal is slow (e.g., less than 1 mbar/s) or the amplitude change is small (e.g.<1 mbar), then the calculated time constantTWill become smaller (e.g., 2 s).
The method of filtering the ACC original signal is similar to Humming, but different、/>、/>Constant of equal value.
And 3, designing a judgment criterion based on signal reliability, and selecting and voting each Humming signal after primary filtering in the step 2 to select a Humming signal which can truly reflect the actual combustion pulsation condition from a plurality of Humming signals as a qualified Humming signal. Signal reliability criteria include, but are not limited to, amplitude of variation, rate of change, reasonable upper and lower limits of the signal.
And (2) selecting and voting each ACC signal filtered in the step (2) based on the signal reliability judgment criterion, so as to select an ACC signal which can truly reflect the vibration of the combustion chamber cylinder body from a plurality of ACC signals as a qualified ACC signal.
In this embodiment, when the Humming signal or the ACC signal deviates from the reference signal by a large value, the change amplitude is used as the signal reliability criterion, and specifically, for example, when the Humming signal changes from 30mbar to 100mbar, the signal is determined to be disqualified.
In this embodiment, when the Humming signal or the ACC signal changes rapidly, the rate is used as a signal reliability criterion, for example, when the ACC signal changes by more than 15g/s, the signal is determined to be failed.
In this embodiment, when the reading of the Humming signal or the ACC signal exceeds a reasonable interval, a reasonable upper limit and a reasonable lower limit are adopted as signal reliability judging criteria, for example, when ACC is greater than 20g or Humming is greater than 200mbar, or when the readings of ACC and Humming are smaller than zero, the signal is judged to be unqualified.
When the corresponding qualified signals are selected from the plurality of Humming signals and the ACC signals based on the signal reliability judging criterion through the process, if the plurality of Humming signals or the ACC signals are judged to be qualified, intermediate values are selected from the plurality of Humming signals or the ACC signals to serve as the corresponding qualified signals; when only two Humming signals or ACC signals are judged to be qualified, selecting an average value from the two qualified Humming signals or ACC signals as a qualified signal; when there is only one qualified signal, the qualified Humming signal or ACC signal is selected from the plurality of Humming signals or ACC signals as a specific qualified signal.
And 4, respectively carrying out secondary filtering treatment on the qualified Humming signal and the qualified ACC signal obtained in the step 3 so as to smooth the qualified signal to meet the requirement of process control on the input signal of the qualified signal, thereby correspondingly generating Humming control signal and ACC control signal which can truly reflect the combustion pulsation condition and are smooth and free from abrupt change. In the embodiment, the same inertial link filtering algorithm based on dynamic time constant as the primary filtering process is adopted in the secondary filtering process, and the selection of the dynamic filtering time constant is the same as the primary filtering process principle.
Step 5, the Humming control signal, the ACC control signal and the NO when the gas turbine works are obtained in the step 4 X The corrected value and the corresponding threshold value are subjected to constant value analysis to obtain the combustion evaluation of the combustion engineAs a result.
The constant value analysis process is as follows:
if NO X The correction value continuously exceeds the corresponding first threshold value NOx_SetPoint1 (for example, 30 mg/Nm) within a set time (for example, 30 s) 3 ) If the Humming control signal is smaller than the corresponding first threshold value HumL1 and the ACC control signal is smaller than the corresponding first threshold value ACCL1, the analysis result shows that the combustion is stable and has a margin for adjusting NOx, and the NO of the combustion engine is controlled at this time X The emission reduction module is used for adjusting NO in a closed loop mode according to a preset target value X Discharge amount up to NO X The discharge amount is adjusted to a preset target value.
If the Humming control signal is greater than the corresponding second threshold value HumL2 or the ACC control signal is greater than the corresponding second threshold value ACCL2, the analysis result is that the combustion is unstable, and NO of the control combustion engine is controlled at this time X Emission reduction module exit NO X And an emission reduction function, and controls the combustion stability control module to activate to adjust the combustion stability until a control signal (Humming control signal or ACC control signal) greater than a corresponding second threshold returns to less than or equal to the corresponding second threshold.
If NO X The correction value is continuously smaller than the corresponding third threshold value NOx_SetPoint3 (for example, 27 mg/Nm) 3 ) If the Humming control signal is smaller than the corresponding third threshold value HumL3 and the ACC control signal is smaller than the corresponding third threshold value ACCL3, the analysis result shows that the combustion stability and the NOx emission meet the requirements, and the allowance for improving the thermal performance of the combustion engine is provided, and the combustion engine is controlled at the moment, and the NO of the combustion engine is controlled at the moment X Emission reduction module exit NO X The emission reduction function is controlled, and the performance optimization module is controlled to be activated so as to control and raise the temperature before the first-stage stator blade of the turbine in the combustion engine according to the temperature control curve of the combustion engine, and the temperature bearing range and NO of the heat channel component of the combustion engine unit are met X On the premise of qualified emission, the thermal performance of the combustion engine is improved to the greatest extent.
In this embodiment, the Humming control signal, the ACC control signal, and NO X The correction values respectively correspond to a first threshold value, a second threshold value and a third threshold value, and aim at combustion pulsation characteristics and NOx emission characteristics of different units in the F-stage combustion engineAnd thermodynamic performance conditions. That is, for each unit of the F-stage gas turbine, the Humming control signal, the ACC control signal and the NO are selected according to the actual working condition of the unit X And carrying out fixed value analysis on specific values of the first threshold value, the second threshold value and the third threshold value corresponding to the corrected value.
Specifically, humming control signal, ACC control signal, NO X The first threshold value, the second threshold value and the third threshold value which are respectively corresponding to the correction values are determined through combustion adjustment tests of specific units, different fixed values can be adopted for different units, and the specific threshold value is determined based on specific combustion characteristics and equipment safety margin of the corresponding combustion engine units when being selected. For example, a certain 9F gas turbine unit in China, the combustion stability safety boundary of the unit is mastered through a combustion adjustment test, and the first threshold value group is [ Humming ]<28mbar and ACC<1.0g]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second threshold set is selected based on the unit protection setpoint, which is generally required to be more stringent than the unit protection setpoint to ensure that protection is not triggered, so the second threshold set is selected to be [ Humming ]>43mbar or ACC>1.8g]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The third threshold group is selected according to the combustion stability margin and the local pollutant emission limit value of the unit, and the third threshold group selected by the unit is [ Humming ]<33mbar and ACC<1.8g and NOx<35mg/m 3 ]。
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the examples described herein are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the present invention. The individual technical features described in the above-described embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and such combination should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present disclosure as long as it does not deviate from the idea of the present invention. The various possible combinations of the invention are not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
The present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention is fully described in the claims.
Claims (8)
- The combustion monitoring and evaluating method of the automatic combustion adjusting system of the F-level combustion engine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:step 1, acquiring a plurality of Humming signals and a plurality of ACC signals generated during combustion operation of a combustion engine;step 2, respectively carrying out one-time filtering processing on each Humming signal and each ACC signal obtained in the step 1 so as to remove interference signals and abrupt signals caused by the interference;step 3, selecting and voting each Humming signal after primary filtering in the step 2 based on a signal reliability judging criterion, so as to select a Humming signal which can truly reflect the actual combustion pulsation condition from a plurality of Humming signals to serve as a qualified Humming signal;selecting and voting each ACC signal filtered in the step 2 based on the signal reliability judging criterion so as to select an ACC signal which can truly reflect the vibration of the cylinder body of the combustion chamber from a plurality of ACC signals as a qualified ACC signal;step 4, respectively carrying out secondary filtering treatment on the qualified Humming signal and the qualified ACC signal obtained in the step 3 to realize smoothing of the voted Humming signal and ACC signal, thereby correspondingly generating Humming control signals and ACC control signals;step 5, the Humming control signal, the ACC control signal and the NO when the gas turbine works are obtained in the step 4 X And (3) carrying out fixed value analysis on the corrected values and the corresponding threshold values to obtain a combustion evaluation result of the combustion engine.
- 2. The method for monitoring and evaluating the combustion of the automatic combustion adjustment system of the F-stage combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the filtering algorithm adopting an inertia link as a principle is adopted in the primary filtering process in the step 2.
- 3. The method for monitoring and evaluating the combustion of the automatic combustion adjustment system of the F-stage combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein when the filtering algorithm based on the inertia link in the step 2 performs one-time filtering processing, a dynamic filtering time constant is adopted to retain abrupt signals caused by unstable combustion and reject abrupt signals caused by interference, and the selection of the dynamic filtering time is calculated based on the change rate and the amplitude of the corresponding signals.
- 4. The combustion monitoring and evaluating method for an automatic combustion adjustment system of an F-stage combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein when the qualified signals are selected from the plurality of Humming signals or ACC signals in step 3, if all the signals are judged to be qualified, an intermediate value is selected from the plurality of signals as the voted qualified signal; when two qualified signals exist and are only available, the average value of the two qualified signals is selected as the voted qualified signal; when it is determined that there is only one and only one qualified signal, the qualified signal is selected as the voted qualified signal as the specific value.
- 5. The method for monitoring and evaluating the combustion of the automatic combustion adjustment system of the F-stage combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, a dynamic time constant-based inertia link filtering algorithm is adopted for secondary filtering.
- 6. The method for monitoring and evaluating combustion of automatic combustion adjustment system of F-stage combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein, in the constant value analysis in step 5, if NO X The correction value continuously exceeds the corresponding first threshold value within the set time, and the Humming control signal and the ACC control signal are respectively smaller than the corresponding first threshold values, so that the analysis result is that the combustion is stable and the margin for regulating the NOx is provided, and the NO of the combustion engine is activated at the moment X Emission reduction control module for closed-loop adjusting NO according to preset target value X Discharge amount up to NO X The discharge amount is adjusted to a preset target value.
- 7. Automatic combustion adjustment for a class F combustion engine of claim 1The combustion monitoring and evaluating method of the system is characterized in that in the step 5, when any one of the Humming control signal and the ACC control signal is larger than a corresponding second threshold value during the constant value analysis, the analysis result is that the combustion is unstable, and the NO of the combustion engine is controlled at the moment X The emission reduction module exits control and activates the combustion stability control module to adjust combustion stability until a control signal greater than a corresponding second threshold returns to less than or equal to the corresponding second threshold.
- 8. The method for monitoring and evaluating combustion of automatic combustion adjustment system of F-stage combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein, in the constant value analysis in step 5, if NO X The corrected value is continuously smaller than the corresponding third threshold value within the set time, and the Humming control signal and the ACC control signal are respectively smaller than the corresponding third threshold values, so that the analysis result shows that the combustion stability and the NOx emission meet the requirements, and the corrected value has a margin for improving the thermal performance of the fuel engine, and the fuel engine NO at the moment X The emission reduction control module exits, and the energy optimization control module is activated, and the temperature control curve of the combustion engine is dynamically adjusted, so that the thermal performance of the combustion engine is improved.
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