CN117569598B - 3D printing equipment for building and construction method - Google Patents
3D printing equipment for building and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117569598B CN117569598B CN202410053815.XA CN202410053815A CN117569598B CN 117569598 B CN117569598 B CN 117569598B CN 202410053815 A CN202410053815 A CN 202410053815A CN 117569598 B CN117569598 B CN 117569598B
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0427—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a static support, e.g. crane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/06—Solidifying concrete, e.g. by application of vacuum before hardening
- E04G21/063—Solidifying concrete, e.g. by application of vacuum before hardening making use of vibrating or jolting tools
- E04G21/066—Solidifying concrete, e.g. by application of vacuum before hardening making use of vibrating or jolting tools acting upon the surface of the concrete, whether or not provided with parts penetrating the concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G2021/049—Devices for both conveying and distributing concrete mixing nozzles specially adapted for conveying devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses 3D printing equipment for a building and a construction method, wherein the equipment comprises two longitudinal rails, two ends of each longitudinal rail are respectively provided with a first linear motor, each first linear motor is assembled with a working frame, a transverse rail is arranged between the two longitudinal rails, two ends of each transverse rail are respectively provided with a second linear motor, and the two second linear motors are assembled with the two longitudinal rails; the middle transition device with the vibrating mechanism is arranged on the transverse rail, the walking type printing device is arranged on the transverse rail, the middle transition device is communicated with the walking type printing device through a connecting hose, and rolling trowelling mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the walking type printing device; the method is to use the device to perform 3D printing operation. The invention can effectively remove the mixed air in the concrete, improve the compactness of the concrete, ensure the quality of the printed building, avoid the layering condition on the appearance of the building and improve the attractiveness. The method is suitable for the technical field of 3D printing in building construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to 3D printing equipment for a building and a construction method.
Background
The 3D printing technology has the characteristics of flexibility and high efficiency, and is widely applied to various fields. At present, the application of the 3D printing technology in the aspect of construction is still in the primary stage, and the main reason is that the strength and the shock resistance of the printed building are effective, and even if the reinforcing steel bar structure is timely added in the printing process, the strength of the printed building cannot be greatly improved. In addition, in the printing process of the existing 3D printing equipment for the building, the compactness of the concrete discharged by the printing head is poor, air bubbles and the like are often mixed, and the strength of the printed building is reduced. And delamination is serious after printing, which affects the appearance of the whole building structure. Therefore, there is a need for a 3D printing apparatus for a building and a construction method thereof, which are used for removing air mixed in concrete, improving compactness of the concrete, ensuring quality of the printed building, avoiding layering on appearance of the building, and improving attractiveness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides 3D printing equipment for a building and a construction method thereof, which are used for removing mixed air in concrete, improving the compactness of the concrete, ensuring the quality of the printed building, avoiding layering on the appearance of the building and improving the attractiveness.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the 3D printing equipment for the building comprises two longitudinal rails which are arranged on a working frame, wherein a first linear motor is respectively arranged at two ends of each longitudinal rail, each first linear motor is assembled with the working frame and can vertically slide on the working frame, a transverse rail is arranged between the two longitudinal rails, a second linear motor is respectively arranged at two ends of the transverse rail, the two second linear motors are assembled with the two longitudinal rails, and each second linear motor can slide on the corresponding longitudinal rail; an intermediate transition device with a vibrating mechanism is arranged at one end of the transverse track, a traveling printing device is arranged on the transverse track, the intermediate transition device is communicated with the traveling printing device through a connecting hose, and rolling trowelling mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the traveling printing device; the middle transition device comprises a transition kettle, an upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the transition kettle, the upper end cover is connected with an installation shaft overlapped with the axis of the transition kettle through a conical gear set, the vibrating mechanism is constructed between the installation shaft and the transition kettle, and the lower end of the vibrating mechanism extends into the transition kettle; an assembly seat is arranged on the upper end cover, an installation shaft is rotatably connected to the assembly seat, the assembly seat is fixedly connected with the corresponding position of the transverse track, and a transmission chain wheel is arranged at the upper part of the installation shaft; the upper end cover is provided with a humidifying unit and a pressure regulating joint, and the pressure regulating joint is provided with a control valve.
Further, the transition kettle comprises a kettle body with a discharging hopper at the lower end, a discharging pipe is arranged at the lower end of the discharging hopper, the discharging pipe is communicated with the corresponding end part of the connecting hose, and an inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the peripheral wall of the kettle body; and the middle part of the upper end cover is rotationally connected with an assembly disc, and the vibrating mechanism is constructed between the assembly disc and the installation shaft.
Further, the vibrating mechanism comprises a pressing piece coaxially assembled on the mounting shaft, a plurality of elastic vibrating pieces are uniformly arranged below the pressing piece along the circumferential direction of the pressing piece, the lower ends of the elastic vibrating pieces extend into the transition kettle, and the upper ends of the elastic vibrating pieces are propped against the lower ends of the pressing piece.
Further, the top casting die is including the connecting seat that is constructed the adapter sleeve, the adapter sleeve suit is on the installation axle and can dismantle with the installation axle and be connected, is provided with many connecting rods on the connecting seat along its circumference evenly, and these connecting rods are connected with the inner wall of annular seat, the axis coincidence of annular seat and installation axle is provided with a plurality of bellying and a plurality of depressed part along its circumference in the lower extreme of annular seat, bellying and depressed part set gradually alternately, and bellying and depressed part smooth connection.
Further, the elastic vibrating piece comprises a vibrating rod penetrating through the upper end cover in the vertical direction and extending into the transition kettle, an abutting joint and a vibrating head are respectively constructed at the upper end and the lower end of the vibrating rod, a connecting spring is sleeved outside the vibrating rod, an upper connecting ring and a lower connecting ring are respectively fixedly connected at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting spring, a fixing sleeve is constructed on the upper connecting ring, the fixing sleeve is sleeved and fixed on the vibrating rod, and the lower connecting ring can be detachably connected to the upper end of the assembly disc.
Further, the walking printing device comprises a third linear motor which is arranged on the transverse track and can walk on the transverse track, the lower end of the third linear motor is rotationally connected with an extrusion cylinder through a mounting seat, the lower end of the extrusion cylinder is connected with an adjustable extrusion head through an extrusion pipe, each rolling trowelling mechanism is connected with the outer wall of the extrusion cylinder through an adjusting component, an angle adjusting motor is arranged on the mounting seat, and an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor is coaxially connected with the upper end of the extrusion cylinder.
Further, the adjustable extrusion head comprises an assembly sleeve rotationally connected with the lower end of the extrusion pipe through an adapter sleeve, a rubber sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the assembly sleeve, an air inflation cavity is formed between the rubber sleeve and the assembly sleeve, an extrusion port is formed in an area inside the rubber sleeve, a pressure regulating pipe is constructed on the assembly sleeve, and the pressure regulating pipe is fixed with the mounting seat.
Further, the rolling trowelling mechanism comprises a rolling roller rotatably arranged on the shaft tube, an atomization tube is detachably connected to the lower end of the shaft tube, an external thread tube is coaxially constructed at the upper end of the shaft tube, a conduction hose is connected to the upper end of the external thread tube, and the conduction hose is communicated with the atomization tube through the external thread tube and the shaft tube; the adjusting component comprises a connecting plate connected with the extrusion cylinder through a switching shaft, a locking nut is connected to the switching shaft in a threaded manner, the locking nut is locked on the outer wall of the extrusion cylinder, a strip-shaped hole extending radially along the extrusion cylinder is formed in the connecting plate, the upper end of the external threaded pipe penetrates through the connecting plate through the strip-shaped hole, two fastening nuts are connected to the external threaded pipe in a threaded manner, and the two fastening nuts are screwed at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting plate respectively.
The invention also discloses a construction method using the 3D printing equipment for the building, which comprises the following steps:
step1, stirring the concrete by a stirring station and supplying the concrete into an intermediate transition device;
step2, vibrating the concrete entering the intermediate transition device, adjusting the water content of the concrete, and adjusting the pressure of the concrete;
step3, the adjusted concrete enters a walking printing device through a connecting hose;
step4, according to the printing requirement, the walking type printing device walks on the transverse track, and meanwhile, the first linear motor and/or the second linear motor act, so that the walking type printing device ascends and descends and/or longitudinally moves;
step5, extruding the concrete from the lower end of the walking printing device, printing, and rolling and shaping the two sides of the printed part by two rolling and trowelling mechanisms.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the structure, and the technical progress is that: according to the invention, through the synchronous action of all the first linear motors, the longitudinal rail moves on the operation frame along the vertical direction, so that the transverse rail, the intermediate transition device and the walking printing device on the transverse rail synchronously lift, and the two second linear motors synchronously act, so that the transverse rail moves along the length direction of the longitudinal rail and is matched with the walking printing device to walk on the transverse rail, and the printing purpose is realized. According to the invention, the intermediate transition device is arranged between the stirring station and the walking printing device, so that concrete firstly enters the intermediate transition device, and under the vibration of the vibrating mechanism of the intermediate transition device, the gas contained in the concrete is discharged, so that the concrete is more compact, and then enters the walking printing device for 3D printing operation, thereby ensuring that the printed structure does not have partial hollow, air bag and other conditions. When the walking type printing device performs printing operation, rolling trowelling mechanisms at two sides of the walking type printing device roll the side surfaces of the printed structure, so that the purpose of trowelling the surface of a building is realized; in conclusion, the invention can effectively remove the mixed air in the concrete, improve the compactness of the concrete, ensure the quality of the printed building, avoid the layering condition on the appearance of the building and improve the appearance attractiveness.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an intermediate transition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transition kettle in an intermediate transition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the intermediate transition device according to the embodiment of the present invention after the intermediate transition kettle is removed;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a pressing member in the vibrating mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a pressing member of the vibrating mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an elastic vibrating member in the vibrating mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of an intermediate transition device according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a vibrating mechanism and a humidifying unit removed;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a humidifying unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a walking printing device and a transverse rail according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the structure of the portion A in FIG. 10;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the walking type printing device according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the third linear motor is removed;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an axial structure of an adjustable extrusion head coupled to an extrusion tube in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a front view illustrating a structure in which a third linear motor is removed from the walking type printing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is an enlarged view of the structure of the B part in fig. 14.
Marking parts: 100-working frame, 200-longitudinal track, 300-transverse track, 400-intermediate transition device, 401-transition kettle, 4011-kettle body, 4012-blanking hopper, 4013-blanking pipe, 4014-inlet pipe, 402-assembling seat, 403-mounting shaft, 404-driving sprocket, 405-elastic vibrating piece, 4051-vibrating rod, 4052-vibrating head, 4053-abutting joint, 4054-lower connecting ring, 4055-upper connecting ring, 4056-fixing sleeve, 4057-connecting spring, 406-pressing piece, 4061-annular seat, 4062-connecting rod, 4063-connecting seat, 4064-assembling port, 4065-connecting sleeve, 4066-concave part, 4067-convex part, 407-humidifying unit, 4071-annular pipe, 4072-connecting pipe, 4073-dispensing tube, 4074-shower head, 408-bevel gear set, 4081-fitting frame, 4082-upper bevel gear, 4083-lower bevel gear, 4084-side bevel gear, 409-upper end cap, 410-fitting tray, 411-first connection hole, 412-second connection hole, 413-pressure regulating joint, 414-control valve, 500-walk-behind printing device, 501-third linear motor, 502-extrusion cylinder, 503-adjustable extrusion head, 5031-fitting group, 5032-rubber sleeve, 5033-inflation chamber, 5034-extrusion port, 5035-adapter sleeve, 5036-pressure regulating tube, 504-roll roller, 505-regulating assembly, 5051-connection plate, 5052-bar hole, 5053-external screw tube, 5054-fastening nut, 5055-a switching shaft, 5056-a lock nut, 506-an atomization tube, 507-a conduction hose, 508-a shaft tube, 509-a bent tube, 510-an extrusion tube, 511-a mounting seat, 512-an angle adjustment motor and 600-a connection hose.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention discloses 3D printing equipment for a building, which is shown in fig. 1-15, and comprises a working frame 100, an intermediate transition device 400, a walking printing device 500 and a rolling trowelling mechanism. Wherein, two longitudinal rails 200 are installed on the work frame 100, first linear motors are respectively installed at both ends of each longitudinal rail 200, each first linear motor is assembled on the work frame 100, and the first linear motor is slidable on the work frame 100 in a vertical direction. The invention is provided with a transverse rail 300 between two longitudinal rails 200, two ends of the transverse rail 300 are respectively provided with a second linear motor, the two second linear motors are assembled with the two longitudinal rails 200 one by one, and each second linear motor can slide on the corresponding longitudinal rail 200. The intermediate transfer device 400 of the present invention is installed at one end of the transverse rail 300, and the intermediate transfer device 400 has a vibrating mechanism for vibrating the material therein. The walking type printing device 500 is arranged on the transverse track 300, and the intermediate transition device 400 is communicated with the walking type printing device 500 through a connecting hose 600; the rolling trowelling mechanism is two and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the walking printing device 500. The working principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, through the synchronous actions of all the first linear motors, the longitudinal rail 200 moves on the working frame 100 along the vertical direction, so that the transverse rail 300, the intermediate transition device 400 and the walking type printing device 500 on the transverse rail 300 synchronously lift, and the two second linear motors synchronously act, so that the transverse rail 300 moves along the length direction of the longitudinal rail 200 and walks on the transverse rail 300 in cooperation with the walking type printing device 500, thereby realizing the printing purpose. According to the invention, the intermediate transition device 400 is arranged between the stirring station and the walking printing device 500, so that concrete firstly enters the intermediate transition device 400, and under the vibration of the vibrating mechanism of the intermediate transition device 400, the gas contained in the concrete is discharged, so that the concrete is more compact, and then enters the walking printing device 500 for 3D printing operation, and further, the printed structure is ensured not to have partial hollow, gas bag and other conditions. When the walking printing device 500 performs printing operation, rolling trowelling mechanisms at two sides of the walking printing device roll the side surfaces of the printed structure, so that the aim of trowelling the surface of a building is fulfilled; in conclusion, the invention can effectively remove the mixed air in the concrete, improve the compactness of the concrete, ensure the quality of the printed building, avoid the layering condition on the appearance of the building and improve the appearance attractiveness.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the intermediate transition device 400 includes a transition kettle 401, an upper end cover 409, a mounting shaft 403, a bevel gear set 408, a vibrating mechanism, and a humidifying unit 407. Wherein, upper end cover 409 is detachably mounted at the upper end of transition pot 401, and upper end cover 409 is connected with mounting shaft 403 above it through taper gear set 408, and mounting shaft 403 coincides with the axis of transition pot 401. The vibrating mechanism is constructed between the mounting shaft 403 and the transition kettle 401, and the lower end of the vibrating mechanism extends into the transition kettle 401. In this embodiment, the upper end cover 409 is provided with the mounting base 402, the mounting shaft 403 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 402, the mounting base 402 is fixedly connected to a corresponding position of the transverse rail 300, and the upper portion of the mounting shaft 403 is provided with the driving sprocket 404. The humidifying unit 407 is mounted on the upper end cover 409, the lower end of the humidifying unit 407 extends to the top of the transition kettle 401 through the upper end cover 409, a pressure regulating joint 413 is mounted on the upper end cover 409, and a control valve 414 is mounted on the pressure regulating joint 413. The working principle and the advantages of the embodiment are as follows: concrete is conveyed into the transition kettle 401 by the mixing station, and the mixing station drives the mounting shaft 403 to rotate by driving the driving chain wheel 404 to rotate, and the mounting shaft 403 drives the conical gear set 408 and the vibrating mechanism to act, so that the vibrating mechanism vibrates the concrete in the transition kettle 401, and the concrete becomes compact gradually. In this embodiment, the water content of the concrete in the transition kettle 401 may be adjusted, that is, when the water content of the concrete entering the transition kettle 401 is lower than a predetermined value, water may be added into the transition kettle 401 through the humidifying unit 407, and the concrete and the water may be uniformly mixed under the vibration of the vibration mechanism. According to the embodiment, the pressure in the transition kettle 401 can be adjusted, so that concrete in the transition kettle 401 enters the walking printing device 500 according to preset pressure and flow, and the transition kettle 401 has a certain positive pressure, so that the concrete in the transition kettle 401 can be promoted to be fast compacted.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 8, the transition tank 401 includes a cylindrical tank body 4011, a discharge hopper 4012 overlapping the tank body 4011 in its axis is formed at the lower end, a discharge pipe 4013 is formed at the lower end of the discharge hopper 4012, the discharge pipe 4013 communicates with the corresponding end of the connection hose 600, and an inlet 4014 is formed at the upper position of the outer peripheral wall of the tank body 4011. Concrete at the mixing station enters the kettle body 4011 through the inlet pipe 4014, is vibrated by the vibrating mechanism, enters the connecting hose 600 through the discharging hopper 4012 and the discharging pipe 4013, and is finally conveyed into the traveling printing device 500. The upper end cover 409 of this embodiment is a ring structure, and the middle part of the upper end cover 409 is rotatably connected with the assembly disc 410, and the vibrating mechanism is configured between the assembly disc 410 and the mounting shaft 403. The specific structure of the bevel gear set 408 in this embodiment is that the bevel gear set 408 includes an upper bevel gear 4082 coaxially mounted at the lower end of the mounting shaft 403, a lower bevel gear 4083 is disposed under the upper bevel gear 4082, the lower bevel gear 4083 is rotationally connected with the mounting plate 410, two side bevel gears 4084 are symmetrically disposed between the upper bevel gear 4082 and the lower bevel gear 4083, each side bevel gear 4084 is respectively meshed with the upper bevel gear 4082 and the lower bevel gear 4083, and the side bevel gears 4084, the mounting shaft 403 and the lower bevel gear 4083 are rotationally connected with the mounting frame 4081. When the mounting shaft 403 is driven to rotate, the mounting plate 410 also rotates by the transmission of the bevel gear set 408, and the rotational speed of the mounting plate 410 is lower than that of the mounting shaft 403. In this embodiment, a plurality of second connection holes 412 are uniformly formed in the upper end cover 409 along the circumferential direction thereof, and as shown in fig. 9, the humidifying unit 407 includes an annular tube 4071 disposed above the upper end cover 409, a joint tube 4072 is configured on the annular tube 4071, the joint tube 4072 is communicated with an outlet of a pressurized water pump, and an inlet of the pressurized water pump is communicated with a water tank. A plurality of distribution pipes 4073 are uniformly communicated with the annular pipe 4071 along the circumferential direction thereof, the distribution pipes 4073 respectively extend into the kettle body 4011 through corresponding second connecting holes 412, and a spray header 4074 is arranged at the lower end of each distribution pipe 4073. When the water content of the concrete needs to be adjusted, the water in the water tank is pumped into the annular pipe 4071 through the water pump and then evenly distributed into each distributing pipe 4073, and finally sprayed out through the spray header 4074, and the water and the concrete are fully mixed under the vibration of the vibrating mechanism.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4-7, the vibrating mechanism includes a ram 406 and a plurality of elastomeric vibrators 405. Wherein, the pressing piece 406 is coaxially assembled on the mounting shaft 403, and the plurality of elastic vibrating pieces 405 are uniformly arranged below the pressing piece 406 along the circumferential direction of the pressing piece 406, the lower end of each elastic vibrating piece 405 extends into the transition kettle 401, and the upper end of the elastic vibrating piece 405 abuts against the lower end of the pressing piece 406. The pressing piece 406 of this embodiment includes a connection seat 4063 and an annular seat 4061, the connection seat 4063 is located in the annular seat 4061, and the axes of the two are coincident, an assembly port 4064 is formed at the central position of the connection seat 4063, a connection sleeve 4065 is formed at the lower end of the connection seat 4063, the installation shaft 403 passes through the assembly port 4064 and the connection sleeve 4065, and the connection sleeve 4065 is sleeved on the installation shaft 403 and is detachably connected with the installation shaft 403 through a locking bolt. In this embodiment, a plurality of connecting rods 4062 are uniformly disposed on the connecting seat 4063 along the circumferential direction thereof, the connecting rods 4062 are connected with the inner wall of the annular seat 4061, the axis of the annular seat 4061 coincides with the axis of the mounting shaft 403, a plurality of protrusions 4067 and a plurality of recesses 4066 are disposed at the lower end of the annular seat 4061 along the circumferential direction thereof, the protrusions 4067 and the recesses 4066 are alternately disposed in sequence, and the protrusions 4067 and the recesses 4066 are smoothly connected. The elastic vibrating piece 405 of this embodiment includes a vibrating rod 4051 and a connecting spring 4057, a plurality of first connecting holes 411 are uniformly formed on the assembly disk 410 along the circumferential direction thereof, the vibrating rod 4051 passes through the corresponding first connecting holes 411 on the assembly disk 410 along the vertical direction and extends into the transition kettle 401, and the upper and lower ends of the vibrating rod 4051 are respectively provided with a butt joint 4053 and a vibrating head 4052. The connecting spring 4057 of this embodiment is sleeved outside the vibrating rod 4051, an upper connecting ring 4055 and a lower connecting ring 4054 are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the connecting spring 4057 respectively, a fixing sleeve 4056 is constructed on the upper connecting ring 4055, the fixing sleeve 4056 is sleeved on the vibrating rod 4051 and is fixed with the vibrating rod 4051 through a locking screw, and the lower connecting ring 4054 is detachably connected to the upper end of the assembly disc 410. The working principle and the advantages of the embodiment are as follows: the pressing piece 406 rotates synchronously in the process that the mounting shaft 403 is driven to rotate, the assembly disc 410 correspondingly rotates under the transmission of the conical gear set 408, and the rotation speed of the assembly disc 410 is lower than that of the pressing piece 406, so that the vibrating rod 4051 is alternately contacted with the convex portion 4067 and the concave portion 4066 of the annular seat 4061, the vibrating rod 4051 reciprocates in the vertical direction under the action of the convex portion 4067, the concave portion 4066 and the connecting spring 4057, the purpose of vibrating concrete in the transition kettle 401 is achieved, the vibrating rod 4051 moves along the circumferential direction of the assembly disc 410 in the vibrating process, the purpose of vibrating different circumferential positions in the transition kettle 401 is achieved, and after the humidifying unit 407 is humidified, the concrete is fully mixed with water through the vertical vibrating and the circumferential movement of the vibrating rod 4051. In this embodiment, the transition kettle 401 may be vibrated to a predetermined depth, i.e. the locking bolts on the connecting sleeve 4065 and the locking bolts on the fixing sleeves 4056 are unscrewed, then the depth of the vibrating rod 4051 extending into the transition kettle 401 is adjusted, and meanwhile, the position of the pressing piece 406 on the mounting shaft 403 is adjusted, so that the pressing piece 406 abuts against the upper end of each elastic vibrating piece 405, and finally the locking bolts and each locking bolt are screwed.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10 and 12, the walk-behind printing apparatus 500 includes a third linear motor 501, a mount 511, an extrusion cylinder 502, an adjustable extrusion head 503, and an angle adjustment motor 512. Wherein, the third linear motor 501 is mounted on the transverse rail 300 and can walk on the transverse rail 300, the mounting seat 511 is detachably connected to the lower end of the third linear motor 501, the extrusion cylinder 502 is rotatably mounted at the lower end of the mounting seat 511, the extrusion tube 510 is configured at the lower end of the extrusion cylinder 502, and the adjustable extrusion head 503 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the extrusion tube 510. The two rolling trowelling mechanisms of this embodiment are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the extrusion barrel 502, each rolling trowelling mechanism is connected with an outer wall of the extrusion barrel 502 through an adjusting component 505, an angle adjusting motor 512 is mounted on a mounting seat 511, an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor 512 is coaxially connected with an upper end of the extrusion barrel 502, and a connecting hose 600 is communicated with an upper portion of the extrusion barrel 502. The working principle and the advantages of the embodiment are as follows: after the concrete enters the extrusion cylinder 502, the concrete is extruded through the adjustable extrusion head 503, meanwhile, the third linear motor 501 walks on the transverse track 300 according to the preset setting, under the cooperation of the first linear motor and the second linear motor, the extrusion cylinder 502 and the adjustable extrusion head 503 walk according to the preset route, the purpose of 3D printing is further achieved, the rolling trowelling mechanisms on two sides of the extrusion cylinder 502 roll-trowelling the side surfaces of the printed wall, when the rolling trowelling is carried out on the bent part, the angle adjusting motor 512 is controlled to act, so that the extrusion cylinder 502 is driven to rotate by a certain angle, and the synchronous rolling trowelling mechanism correspondingly rotates by a certain angle, so that trowelling operation is carried out on the bent part of the wall. The caliber of the adjustable extrusion head 503 can be adjusted according to the requirement, so as to realize the adjustment of the thickness of the printing wall.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an adjustable extrusion head 503, as shown in fig. 13, includes a fitting sleeve 5031 and a rubber sleeve 5032. Wherein, an adapter sleeve 5035 is configured at the upper end of the assembly sleeve 5031, the adapter sleeve 5035 is rotationally connected with the lower end of the extrusion tube 510, a rubber sleeve 5032 is fixedly connected on the inner wall of the assembly sleeve 5031, an inflation cavity 5033 is formed between the rubber sleeve 5032 and the assembly sleeve 5031, an extrusion port 5034 is formed in the area inside the rubber sleeve 5032, a pressure regulating tube 5036 is configured on the assembly sleeve 5031, and the pressure regulating tube 5036 is fixedly connected with the mounting seat 511. In this embodiment, the pressure gas is introduced into the inflation cavity 5033 through the pressure regulating tube 5036, so that the inflation cavity 5033 is gradually inflated, and thus, in the deformation process of the rubber sleeve 5032, the caliber of the extrusion port 5034 is correspondingly changed, and further, the thickness of the concrete discharged from the adjustable extrusion head 503 is changed, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the thickness of the printed wall body.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, 14 and 15, the roll trowelling mechanism includes a roll roller 504, a shaft tube 508 and an externally threaded tube 5053. The rolling roller 504 is rotatably installed on the shaft tube 508, the lower end of the shaft tube 508 is detachably connected with an elbow 509, an atomization tube 506 is configured at one end of the elbow 509 far away from the shaft tube 508, an external thread tube 5053 is configured at the upper end of the shaft tube 508, the axis of the external thread tube 5053 coincides with the axis of the shaft tube 508, a conduction hose 507 is connected at the upper end of the external thread tube 5053, and the conduction hose 507 is communicated with the atomization tube 506 through the external thread tube 5053 and the shaft tube 508. When the extrusion cylinder 502 walks along with the third linear motor 501, the rolling roller 504 rolls the side wall of the wall body, so as to achieve the purpose of trowelling. Meanwhile, pressurized water is pumped into the atomizing pipe 506 through the conducting hose 507 and then atomized by the atomizing pipe 506, so that the printed wall body is humidified and maintained, and the situation that the wall body is quickly lost and cracked due to too fast water loss is avoided. The specific structure of the adjusting assembly 505 in this embodiment is that the adjusting assembly 505 includes a connecting plate 5051, one end of the connecting plate 5051 is fixedly connected with a switching shaft 5055, the switching shaft 5055 is connected to the extrusion barrel 502, the switching shaft 5055 can rotate on the extrusion barrel 502 along the axis of the switching shaft 5055 by a certain angle, a locking nut 5056 is screwed on the switching shaft 5055, and the locking nut 5056 is locked on the outer wall of the extrusion barrel 502, so that the relative position of the switching shaft 5055 and the extrusion barrel 502 is locked. In this embodiment, a connecting plate 5051 is provided with a bar-shaped hole 5052 extending radially along the extrusion barrel 502, the upper end of an externally threaded tube 5053 passes through the connecting plate 5051 through the bar-shaped hole 5052, and two fastening nuts 5054 are screwed on the externally threaded tube 5053, and the two fastening nuts 5054 are screwed on the upper and lower ends of the connecting plate 5051 respectively. The working principle and the advantages of the embodiment are as follows: according to the embodiment, the external thread pipe 5053 can be adjusted to be connected to different positions of the strip-shaped hole 5052 according to specific requirements, so that trowelling of the wall body with corresponding thickness can be adapted. And the external thread pipe 5053 can be adjusted to extend into the depth of the connecting plate 5051, so that the height of the rolling roller 504 is adjusted, and the aim of trowelling different positions on the upper part of the wall is fulfilled. The angle that connecting plate 5051 and extrusion tube 502 are connected can also be adjusted to this embodiment, rotate the switching axle 5055 a certain angle promptly, afterwards lock the switching axle 5055, the angle of connecting plate 5051 has been adjusted like this, thereby make the inclination of the roll-pressing roller 504 that is indirectly connected with connecting plate 5051 obtain the adjustment, adopt the level to push away or slope to push away the effect subalternation, under the general circumstances, the lower extreme of roll-pressing roller 504 is inclined towards extrusion tube 502 advancing direction, in this way, when roll-pressing roller 504 and wall body contact and roll-pressing wall body, roll-pressing roller 504 slope upwards rolls the wall, make unnecessary concrete on the wall be gradually upwards inclined push away, and then make the wall smooth, and unnecessary concrete is pushed away to the uppermost of wall body, in order to the print operation of next time, or the operation that the constructor be convenient for unnecessary concrete to clear away. When the horizontal pushing is adopted, the rolling roller 504 is adjusted to be in a vertical state, and in the rolling process, excessive concrete is pushed to the two axial ends of the rolling roller 504, so that the phenomenon of accumulation of the concrete on the wall surface positioned at the lower end of the rolling roller 504 occurs. When the inclined downward pushing is adopted, the lower end of the rolling roller 504 is inclined back to the travelling direction of the extrusion cylinder 502, so that when the rolling roller 504 contacts with a wall body and rolls the wall body, the rolling roller 504 obliquely rolls the wall surface downwards, so that excessive concrete on the wall surface is gradually pushed and driven downwards in an inclined manner, and uneven positions of the lower portion of a trowelled area of the wall surface are caused. Therefore, the present embodiment tilts the lower end of the platen roller 504 toward the direction in which the barrel 502 travels is a preferred option.
The invention also discloses a construction method using the 3D printing equipment for the building, which comprises the following steps:
step1. Concrete is stirred by a stirring station and supplied into the intermediate transfer device 400;
step2, vibrating the concrete entering the intermediate transition device 400, adjusting the water content of the concrete, and adjusting the pressure of the concrete;
step3, the adjusted concrete enters the walking printing device 500 through the connecting hose 600;
step4. According to the printing requirement, the walking printing device 500 walks on the transverse track 300, and the first linear motor and/or the second linear motor act at the same time, so that the walking printing device 500 ascends and descends and/or moves longitudinally;
step5, extruding the concrete from the lower end of the walking printing device 500, printing, and rolling and shaping the two sides of the printed part by two rolling and trowelling mechanisms.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. 3D printing apparatus for building, its characterized in that: the device comprises two longitudinal rails arranged on a working frame, wherein first linear motors are respectively arranged at two ends of each longitudinal rail, each first linear motor is assembled with the working frame and can vertically slide on the working frame, a transverse rail is arranged between the two longitudinal rails, second linear motors are respectively arranged at two ends of the transverse rail, the two second linear motors are assembled with the two longitudinal rails, and each second linear motor can slide on the corresponding longitudinal rail; an intermediate transition device with a vibrating mechanism is arranged at one end of the transverse track, a traveling printing device is arranged on the transverse track, the intermediate transition device is communicated with the traveling printing device through a connecting hose, and rolling trowelling mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the traveling printing device; the middle transition device comprises a transition kettle, an upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the transition kettle, the upper end cover is connected with an installation shaft overlapped with the axis of the transition kettle through a conical gear set, the vibrating mechanism is constructed between the installation shaft and the transition kettle, and the lower end of the vibrating mechanism extends into the transition kettle; an assembly seat is arranged on the upper end cover, an installation shaft is rotatably connected to the assembly seat, the assembly seat is fixedly connected with the corresponding position of the transverse track, and a transmission chain wheel is arranged at the upper part of the installation shaft; a humidifying unit and a pressure regulating joint are arranged on the upper end cover, and a control valve is arranged on the pressure regulating joint; the walking printing device comprises a third linear motor which is arranged on a transverse track and can walk on the transverse track, wherein the lower end of the third linear motor is rotationally connected with an extrusion cylinder through a mounting seat, the lower end of the extrusion cylinder is connected with an adjustable extrusion head through an extrusion pipe, each rolling trowelling mechanism is connected with the outer wall of the extrusion cylinder through an adjusting component, an angle adjusting motor is arranged on the mounting seat, and an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor is coaxially connected with the upper end of the extrusion cylinder; the rolling trowelling mechanism comprises a rolling roller rotatably arranged on a shaft tube, an atomization tube is detachably connected to the lower end of the shaft tube, an external thread tube is coaxially constructed at the upper end of the shaft tube, a conducting hose is connected to the upper end of the external thread tube, and the conducting hose is communicated with the atomization tube through the external thread tube and the shaft tube; the adjusting component comprises a connecting plate connected with the extrusion cylinder through a switching shaft, a locking nut is connected to the switching shaft in a threaded manner, the locking nut is locked on the outer wall of the extrusion cylinder, a strip-shaped hole extending radially along the extrusion cylinder is formed in the connecting plate, the upper end of the external threaded pipe penetrates through the connecting plate through the strip-shaped hole, two fastening nuts are connected to the external threaded pipe in a threaded manner, and the two fastening nuts are screwed at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting plate respectively.
2. A 3D printing apparatus for construction according to claim 1, wherein: the transition kettle comprises a kettle body with a discharging hopper at the lower end, a discharging pipe is arranged at the lower end of the discharging hopper, the discharging pipe is communicated with the corresponding end part of the connecting hose, and an inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the peripheral wall of the kettle body; and the middle part of the upper end cover is rotationally connected with an assembly disc, and the vibrating mechanism is constructed between the assembly disc and the installation shaft.
3. A 3D printing apparatus for construction according to claim 2, wherein: the vibrating mechanism comprises a pressing piece coaxially assembled on the mounting shaft, a plurality of elastic vibrating pieces are uniformly arranged below the pressing piece along the circumferential direction of the pressing piece, the lower ends of the elastic vibrating pieces extend into the transition kettle, and the upper ends of the elastic vibrating pieces are propped against the lower ends of the pressing piece.
4. A 3D printing device for construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: the top casting die is including the connecting seat that is constructed the adapter sleeve, the adapter sleeve suit is on the installation axle and can dismantle with the installation axle and be connected, is provided with many connecting rods on the connecting seat along its circumference evenly, and these connecting rods are connected with the inner wall of annular seat, the axis of annular seat coincides with the axis of installation axle, is provided with a plurality of bellying and a plurality of depressed part along its circumference in the lower extreme of annular seat, bellying and depressed part set gradually in turn, and bellying and depressed part smooth connection.
5. The 3D printing apparatus for construction according to claim 4, wherein: the elastic vibrating piece comprises a vibrating rod penetrating through the upper end cover in the vertical direction and extending into the transition kettle, an abutting joint and a vibrating head are respectively constructed at the upper end and the lower end of the vibrating rod, a connecting spring is sleeved outside the vibrating rod, an upper connecting ring and a lower connecting ring are respectively fixedly connected at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting spring, a fixing sleeve is constructed on the upper connecting ring, the fixing sleeve is sleeved and fixed on the vibrating rod, and the lower connecting ring is detachably connected to the upper end of the assembly disc.
6. A 3D printing apparatus for construction according to claim 1, wherein: the adjustable extrusion head comprises an assembly sleeve rotationally connected with the lower end of the extrusion pipe through an adapter sleeve, a rubber sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the assembly sleeve, an air inflation cavity is formed between the rubber sleeve and the assembly sleeve, an extrusion port is formed in an area inside the rubber sleeve, a pressure regulating pipe is constructed on the assembly sleeve, and the pressure regulating pipe is fixed with the mounting seat.
7. A construction method using the 3D printing apparatus for construction according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step1, stirring the concrete by a stirring station and supplying the concrete into an intermediate transition device;
step2, vibrating the concrete entering the intermediate transition device, adjusting the water content of the concrete, and adjusting the pressure of the concrete;
step3, the adjusted concrete enters a walking printing device through a connecting hose;
step4, according to the printing requirement, the walking type printing device walks on the transverse track, and meanwhile, the first linear motor and/or the second linear motor act, so that the walking type printing device ascends and descends and/or longitudinally moves;
step5, extruding the concrete from the lower end of the walking printing device, printing, and rolling and shaping the two sides of the printed part by two rolling and trowelling mechanisms.
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