CN117567785B - 一种除甲醛功能型添加剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种除甲醛功能型添加剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117567785B CN117567785B CN202311741057.2A CN202311741057A CN117567785B CN 117567785 B CN117567785 B CN 117567785B CN 202311741057 A CN202311741057 A CN 202311741057A CN 117567785 B CN117567785 B CN 117567785B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种除甲醛功能型添加剂及其制备方法和应用,属于添加剂技术领域,该制备方法包括步骤:S1、将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在70‑78℃下搅拌15‑20mi n,得包覆微粉;S2、将干燥处理后的包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入2‑咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片,混合均匀,得到混合物;S3、向装有所述混合物的高速混合机中加入HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡,继续搅拌25mi n,得到功能物料;S4、将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材;S5、将所述薄型片材投入球磨机中,研磨,过80‑120目筛,即得除甲醛功能型添加剂。本发明添加剂能够应用于涂料和三聚氰胺胶中,显著提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种除甲醛功能型添加剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
甲醛,化学式HCHO或CH2O,式量30.03,又称蚁醛。无色气体,有刺激性气味,对人眼、鼻等有刺激作用。气体相对密度1.067(空气=1),液体密度0.815g/cm3(-20℃),熔点-92℃,沸点-19.5℃,易溶于水和乙醇。
甲醛的主要危害表现为以下几点:
1、急性毒性,甲醛浓度过高会引起急性中毒,表现为咽喉烧灼痛、呼吸困难、肺水肿、过敏性紫癜、过敏性皮炎、肝转氨酶升高、黄疸等;
2、亚急性和慢性毒性,甲醛有刺激性气味,低浓度即可嗅到,人对甲醛的嗅觉阈通常是0.06-0.07mg/m3,但有较大的个体差异性,有人可达2.66mg/m3。长期、低浓度接触甲醛会引起头痛、头晕、乏力、感觉障碍、免疫力降低,并可出现瞌睡、记忆力减退或神经衰弱、精神抑郁;慢性中毒对呼吸系统的危害也是巨大的,长期接触甲醛可引发呼吸功能障碍和肝中毒性病变,表现为肝细胞损伤、肝辐射能异常等;
3、致突变性,2010年以来发现,甲醛能引起哺乳动物细胞核的基因突变、染色体损伤、八断裂,甲醛与其他多环芳烃有联合作用,如与苯并芘的联合作用会使毒性增强;
4、致癌性,经研究发现,长期接触甲醛增大了患上霍奇金淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓性白血病等特殊癌症的几率。
新装修的房间中会大量用到涂料及三聚氰胺胶,使得甲醛含量较高,是众多疾病的主要诱因。因此,如何提高新装修房间内的除甲醛效率,如何快速地从根本上削减甲醛及气味的来源,已是一个刻不容缓的研究课题。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种除甲醛功能型添加剂及其制备方法和应用,能够应用于涂料和三聚氰胺胶中,应用兼容性优异,能够显著提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性。
为了实现上述目的,第一方面的,本发明提供一种除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在70-78℃下搅拌15-20min,得到包覆微粉;
S2、将经干燥处理后的所述包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片,混合均匀,得到混合物;
S3、向装有所述混合物的高速混合机中加入HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡,继续搅拌25min,得到功能物料;
S4、将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材;
S5、将所述薄型片材投入球磨机中,研磨,过80-120目筛,即得除甲醛功能型添加剂。
通过采用上述技术方案,利用甲壳素作为除醛主功能成分,甲壳素具有强大反应性的胺基(-NH2),可与甲醛气体进行化学反应,能够对逸散至空气中的甲醛气体进行捕捉、分解,并转化成水和“肟”,无二次污染问题;利用2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片作为辅功能成分,2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片能够高速捕捉、吸附甲醛;
先以微孔粉、甲壳素和增容剂互混,微孔粉能够对甲壳素进行立体空间内的均质搭载,并受到增容剂很好地定位、包覆,然后再与2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片互混,有利于2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片均匀填充在微孔粉和甲壳素构成的立体搭载结构周围,以便2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片高效协同捕捉甲醛并供甲壳素高效分解甲醛;HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡的加入及成型工序,既有利于功能成分的粘附,又有利于控制泡孔数量(泡孔之间的结合及闭孔和开孔之间的转化情况),即有利于控制功能成分的聚集稀疏/密集度,以便对甲醛气体进行更好地捕捉、吸附及分解,进而显著提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性。
进一步的,所述微孔粉的制备方法如下:
称取100g淀粉,加入到1000mL三口烧瓶中,加入250mL的水,45℃下预热20min,同时进行搅拌;而后加入0.5g的NaC l和5g的环氧氯丙烷,用1mo l/L的NaOH溶液调节pH,并维持pH为11,反应4h后,用1mo l/L的盐酸将pH调至6-6.5,再经过滤、洗涤干燥、粉碎得交联粉;
在1000mL三口烧瓶中,用所述交联粉配制成20%的交联粉水乳,缓慢添加醋酸钠缓冲溶液,调节溶液的pH至4.4-5.0,置于48-58℃恒温水浴锅中预热20min,同时进行搅拌;称取复合酶1.2g,用醋酸钠缓冲溶液10mL配成酶液,移入所述三口烧瓶中,酶解30-60min后,悬浮液经抽滤、蒸馏水洗涤、干燥、粉碎,即得微孔粉。
通过采用上述技术方案,以价值低廉的淀粉为主原料,制备得到内部及表面存在大量微孔的立体结构状的交联粉体,其具有良好的吸附性、抗剪切性及耐酸碱性,为甲壳素的立体空间内均质搭载需求提供可靠保障,作为可靠“骨架”均质搭载甲壳素,并能够为增容剂的定位、包覆提供可靠附着点,有利于三者紧密结合,有利于后续除甲醛功效的稳定、可靠、高效发挥。
进一步的,所述复合酶包括糖化酶和固定化α-淀粉酶,糖化酶与固定化α-淀粉酶的质量比为3∶1。
进一步的,S1中,将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
进一步的,所述增容剂包括PE-g-MAH或ABS-g-MAH。
进一步的,所述发泡剂包括AC发泡剂或ADC发泡剂。
进一步的,S4的具体操作步骤如下:将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,控制锥形双螺杆挤出机的主机螺杆转速为5.6r/min、进料螺杆转速为3.2r/min,主机真空为-0.10~-0.15MPa,机筒一段、二段、三段、合流芯段和机头段挤出温度分别设定为150℃、170℃、180℃、165和160℃,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材。
进一步的,所述除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素2-4份、增容剂0.4-0.7份、2-咪唑烷酮1-2份、纳米硅片1-2份、HDPE粉料7-15份、发泡剂0.3-0.6份和石蜡0.4-0.7份。
第二方面的,本发明提供一种除甲醛功能型添加剂,使用上述的制备方法制得。
第三方面的,本发明提供一种除甲醛功能型添加剂的应用,具体在于上述的除甲醛功能型添加剂在涂料制品/三聚氰胺胶层中的应用。
试验证明,本发明制得的除甲醛功能型添加剂,既能够应用于涂料又能够应用于三聚氰胺胶中,应用兼容性优异,能够显著提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性。
本申请具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明甲壳素作为除醛主功能成分,能够对逸散至空气中的甲醛气体进行捕捉、分解,2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片作为辅功能成分,能够高速捕捉、吸附甲醛;先以微孔粉、甲壳素和增容剂互混,微孔粉能够对甲壳素进行立体空间内的均质搭载,并受到增容剂很好地定位、包覆,然后再与2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片互混,有利于2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片均匀填充在微孔粉和甲壳素构成的立体搭载结构周围,以便2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片高效协同捕捉甲醛并供甲壳素高效分解甲醛;
HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡的加入及成型工序,既有利于功能成分的粘附,又有利于控制泡孔数量(泡孔之间的结合及闭孔和开孔之间的转化情况),即有利于控制功能成分的聚集稀疏/密集度,以便对甲醛气体进行更好地捕捉、吸附及分解。
2、本发明以价值低廉的淀粉为主原料,制备得到内部及表面存在大量微孔的立体结构状的交联粉体,其具有良好的吸附性、抗剪切性及耐酸碱性,为甲壳素的立体空间内均质搭载需求提供可靠保障,作为可靠“骨架”均质搭载甲壳素,并能够为增容剂的定位、包覆提供可靠附着点,有利于三者紧密结合,有利于后续除甲醛功效的稳定、可靠、高效发挥。
3、本发明制得的除甲醛功能型添加剂,既能够应用于涂料又能够应用于三聚氰胺胶中,应用兼容性优异,实际应用中涂层表面可能会有细微颗粒感,但不影响整体使用效果,且能够显著提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1-8和对比例1-10应用于涂料中甲醛-净化效率比较趋势图;
图2为本发明实施例1-8和对比例1-10应用于涂料中甲醛-净化效果持久性比较趋势图;
图3为本发明实施例1-8和对比例1-10应用于三聚氰胺胶中甲醛-净化效率比较趋势图;
图4为本发明实施例1-8和对比例1-10应用于三聚氰胺胶中甲醛-净化效果持久性比较趋势图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本申请实施例及对比例所用原料除特殊说明以外均为普通市售。
实施例1
除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3份、增容剂0.6份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、纳米硅片1.3份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在70℃下搅拌15min,得到包覆微粉。
S2、将经干燥处理(烘箱内进行)后的所述包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片,混合均匀,得到混合物;
S3、向装有所述混合物的高速混合机中加入HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡,继续搅拌25min,得到功能物料;
S4、将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,控制锥形双螺杆挤出机的主机螺杆转速为5.6r/min、进料螺杆转速为3.2r/min,主机真空为-0.10~-0.15MPa,机筒一段、二段、三段、合流芯段和机头段挤出温度分别设定为150℃、170℃、180℃、165和160℃,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材。
S5、将所述薄型片材投入球磨机中,研磨,过100目筛,得到的粉末状固体,即为除甲醛功能型添加剂。
所述微孔粉的制备方法如下:
称取100g淀粉,加入到1000mL三口烧瓶中,加入250mL的水,45℃下预热20min,同时进行搅拌;而后加入0.5g的NaC l和5g的环氧氯丙烷,用1mo l/L的NaOH溶液调节pH,并维持pH为11,反应4h后,用1mo l/L的盐酸将pH调至6.2左右,再经过滤、洗涤干燥、粉碎得交联粉。
在1000mL三口烧瓶中,用所述交联粉配制成20%质量百分比的交联粉水乳,缓慢添加醋酸钠缓冲溶液,调节溶液的pH至4.6左右,置于55℃左右的恒温水浴锅中预热20min,同时进行搅拌;称取复合酶1.2g,用醋酸钠缓冲溶液10mL配成酶液,移入所述三口烧瓶中,酶解50min后,悬浮液经抽滤、蒸馏水洗涤、干燥、粉碎,即得微孔粉。其中,复合酶包括糖化酶和固定化α-淀粉酶,且糖化酶与固定化α-淀粉酶的质量比为3∶1。
增容剂为工业级PE-g-MAH。
发泡剂为AC发泡剂。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于:除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素2份、增容剂0.4份、2-咪唑烷酮1份、纳米硅片1份、HDPE粉料7份、发泡剂0.3份和石蜡0.4份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于:除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3份、增容剂0.6份、2-咪唑烷酮1份、纳米硅片2份、HDPE粉料14份、发泡剂0.6份和石蜡0.7份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于:该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,S1中,将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在78℃下搅拌20min,得到包覆微粉。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于:该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,S1中,将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于:除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素4份、增容剂0.7份、2-咪唑烷酮2份、纳米硅片2份、HDPE粉料15份、发泡剂0.6份和石蜡0.7份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于:除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素2份、增容剂0.4份、2-咪唑烷酮2份、纳米硅片2份、HDPE粉料7份、发泡剂0.3份和石蜡0.7份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例8
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于:除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3.5份、增容剂0.6份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、纳米硅片1.5份、HDPE粉料14份、发泡剂0.5份和石蜡0.5份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除甲壳素;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、增容剂0.6份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、纳米硅片1.3份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
其它制备步骤均与实施例5相同。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除增容剂;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、纳米硅片1.3份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉与甲壳素在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
其它制备步骤均与实施例5相同。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除微孔粉;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:甲壳素3份、增容剂0.6份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、纳米硅片1.3份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
其它制备步骤均与实施例5相同。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除微孔粉和增容剂;
除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:甲壳素3份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、纳米硅片1.3份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将甲壳素投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片,混合均匀,得到混合物;
S2、向装有所述混合物的高速混合机中加入HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡,继续搅拌25min,得到功能物料;
S3、将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,控制锥形双螺杆挤出机的主机螺杆转速为5.6r/min、进料螺杆转速为3.2r/min,主机真空为-0.10~-0.15MPa,机筒一段、二段、三段、合流芯段和机头段挤出温度分别设定为150℃、170℃、180℃、165和160℃,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材。
S4、将所述薄型片材投入球磨机中,研磨,过100目筛,得到的粉末状固体,即为除甲醛功能型添加剂。
发泡剂包括AC发泡剂。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除微孔粉、甲壳素和增容剂;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、纳米硅片1.3份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、向带有加热装置的高速混合机中加入2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片,混合均匀,得到混合物;
S2、向装有所述混合物的高速混合机中加入HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡,继续搅拌25min,得到功能物料;
S3、将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,控制锥形双螺杆挤出机的主机螺杆转速为5.6r/min、进料螺杆转速为3.2r/min,主机真空为-0.10~-0.15MPa,机筒一段、二段、三段、合流芯段和机头段挤出温度分别设定为150℃、170℃、180℃、165和160℃,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材。
S4、将所述薄型片材投入球磨机中,研磨,过100目筛,得到的粉末状固体,即为除甲醛功能型添加剂。
发泡剂包括AC发泡剂。
对比例6
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除2-咪唑烷酮;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3份、增容剂0.6份、纳米硅片1.3份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
S2、将经干燥处理(烘箱内进行)后的所述包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入纳米硅片,混合均匀,得到混合物;
其它制备步骤均与实施例5相同。
对比例7
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除纳米硅片;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3份、增容剂0.6份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
S2、将经干燥处理(烘箱内进行)后的所述包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入2-咪唑烷酮,混合均匀,得到混合物;
其它制备步骤均与实施例5相同。
对比例8
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3份、增容剂0.6份、HDPE粉料10份、发泡剂0.4份和石蜡0.6份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
S2、将经干燥处理(烘箱内进行)后的所述包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡,继续搅拌25min,得到功能物料;
S3、将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,控制锥形双螺杆挤出机的主机螺杆转速为5.6r/min、进料螺杆转速为3.2r/min,主机真空为-0.10~-0.15MPa,机筒一段、二段、三段、合流芯段和机头段挤出温度分别设定为150℃、170℃、180℃、165和160℃,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材。
S4、将所述薄型片材投入球磨机中,研磨,过100目筛,得到的粉末状固体,即为除甲醛功能型添加剂。
所述微孔粉的制备方法同实施例5。
对比例9
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡;
具体地,除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:微孔粉9份、甲壳素3份、增容剂0.6份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份和纳米硅片1.3份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18min,得到包覆微粉。
S2、将经干燥处理(烘箱内进行)后的所述包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片,混合均匀,即得到除甲醛功能型添加剂。
所述微孔粉的制备方法同实施例5。
增容剂为工业级PE-g-MAH。
对比例10
本对比例与实施例5的区别仅在于:原料组分中删除微孔粉、增容剂、HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡。
除甲醛功能型添加剂按重量份数计,包括以下原料组分:甲壳素3份、2-咪唑烷酮1.5份和纳米硅片1.3份。
该除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲壳素、2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片投入混合机中,混合均匀,即得到除甲醛功能型添加剂。
试验例1
质检标准:见表1;
本试验例中所使用的催干剂各组成组分的质检标准见表1,催干剂包括组分如下:3%钒与8%锰按照1:4混合制品、10%钴、12%稀土、5%钙和9%锌,各组分均为异辛酸盐。
表1.催干剂各原料组分质检标准
名称 | 外观 | 金属含量(%) | 溶液稳定性 |
异辛酸钴 | 紫色液体 | 10±0.2 | 透明无析出物 |
异辛酸锰 | 棕红色液体 | 8±0.2 | 透明无析出物 |
异辛酸钙 | 浅黄色液体 | 5±0.1 | 透明无析出物 |
异辛酸锌 | 黄色液体 | 9±0.2 | 透明无析出物 |
异辛酸稀土 | 浅黄色液体 | 12±0.2 | 透明无析出物 |
异辛酸钒 | 棕黄色液体 | 3±0.1 | 透明无析出物 |
试验方法:见表2;
表2中,添加剂栏为“_”,表示未使用本发明对应实施例制得的除甲醛功能型添加剂;添加剂栏为“+”,表示使用了本发明对应实施例制得的除甲醛功能型添加剂;并且,本发明各试验例中,用到添加剂均按照醇酸树脂总量的0.8%添加,除甲醛功能型添加剂能够充分地分散开来,除甲醛功能型添加剂的加入会使得涂层表面出现细微颗粒感,但经过后续试验测试证明,并不会影响整体使用效果;用到催干剂按照醇酸树脂总量的0.6%添加;催干剂具体由表2中各组成组分的用量(重量份数/g)混合均匀制得;
表2中,“恒”指恒温恒湿,在恒温恒湿箱中进行,恒温为45℃,恒湿为55%;“室”指室内温度和湿度,在室内进行,温度为20±3℃,湿度为40±5%。
测试对象:实施例1-5制得添加剂。
测试项目:表干和实干。
测试方法:表干采用吹棉球法测试,吹棉球法是指在漆膜表面轻轻放一个棉球,用嘴轻吹棉球,如能吹走且漆膜表面不留有棉丝,即认为表干;实干采用压滤纸法测试,压滤纸法是在漆膜表面放一张滤纸,再压上干燥试验器(200g的砝码),30s后移去砝码,再将试板翻转,滤纸能自由落下,即认为实干。
测试结果:见表2对应数据。
表2.实施例1-5表干及实干试验、测试数据
结果分析:由表2数据可知,本发明除甲醛功能型添加剂的加入,有利于缩短漆膜的表干和实干用时时长,有利于加快漆膜的表干和实干;另外,对漆膜实干时长的缩短效果明显优于对表干时长的缩短效果,并且,在恒温恒湿环境下效果更显著;
催干剂的组分包括10%钴、1:4的3%钒和8%锰、12%稀土、5%钙及9%锌,其中,以实施例5中的第一组催干剂原料组分为最佳配比,表干和实干耗时均为最短;
当组分中不包括10%钴时,漆膜表干和实干时长均明显延长,并且,添加剂的加入,对漆膜表干和实干时长的缩短效果均不明显;当组分中不包括1:4的3%钒和8%锰时,漆膜表干和实干时长均有所延长,并且,添加剂的加入,对漆膜表干和实干时长的缩短效果均不明显;说明本发明除甲醛功能型添加剂对漆膜表干和实干时长的缩短效果,可能与催干剂组分中的钴、钒、锰金属离子之间存在更强的关联性。
试验例2
测试对象:实施例1-5制得添加剂。
测试项目:硬度。
测试方法:GB-T 6739-2022;在试验例1的基础上,待漆膜实干后,使用垂直压力为1千克的力量,45度斜角在漆膜上划出3cm长度,重复5次,如果漆膜没有划痕,那么该铅笔的硬度级别就是漆膜的硬度。
测试结果:见表3对应数据。
表3.实施例1-5硬度试验、测试数据
结果分析:由表3数据可知,本发明除甲醛功能型添加剂的加入,能够增强漆膜的硬度。
试验例3
测试对象:实施例1-8和对比例1-10制得添加剂。
测试项目:除甲醛性能。
测试方法:结合试验例1基础,用到添加剂均按照醇酸树脂总量的0.8%添加,均用表2中实施例5第一组催干剂组分配比并按照醇酸树脂总量的0.6%添加,制得涂料,依据JC/T1074-2008进行试验、测试。
测试结果:见表4及图1-2。
表4.实施例1-8和对比例1-10应用于涂料中除甲醛性能
结果分析:由表4及图1-2可知,甲醛-净化效率和甲醛-净化效果持久性两方面测试中,A组和B组的测试数据重合度均较高,说明本发明除甲醛功能型添加剂应用于涂料中时,除甲醛性能较为稳定;
分析可知,甲醛净化效率和甲醛-净化效果持久性提升方面,甲壳素为主功能成分,2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片为辅功能成分;微孔粉和增溶剂的加入能协同提升甲壳素的主功能,进而协同提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性;HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡的加入,能协同提升甲壳素的主功能以及2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片的辅功能,进而协同提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性。
试验例4
测试对象:实施例1-8和对比例1-10制得添加剂。
测试项目:除甲醛性能。
测试方法:将相应的添加剂按照0.8%的质量占比添加到三聚氰胺胶液中,混合均匀,制得含有添加剂的三聚氰胺胶液,然后,依据JC/T1074-2008进行试验、测试。需要说明的是,有了除甲醛功能型添加剂的参与,在实际应用中,随着三聚氰胺胶层的厚度不同,胶层表面可能会出现不同程度的细微颗粒感,但试验测试证明,并不会明显影响整体使用效果。
测试结果:见表5及图3-4。
表5.实施例1-5和对比例1-10应用于三聚氰胺胶中除甲醛性能
结果分析:由表5及图3-4可知,甲醛-净化效率和甲醛-净化效果持久性两方面测试中,A组和B组的测试数据重合度均较高,说明本发明除甲醛功能型添加剂应用于三聚氰胺胶中时,除甲醛性能较为稳定;
分析可知,甲醛净化效率和甲醛-净化效果持久性提升方面,甲壳素为主功能成分,2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片为辅功能成分;微孔粉和增溶剂的加入能协同提升甲壳素的主功能,进而协同提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性;HDPE粉料、发泡剂和石蜡的加入,能协同提升甲壳素的主功能以及2-咪唑烷酮和纳米硅片的辅功能,进而协同提升甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (5)
1.一种除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量份数计,将微孔粉9份及甲壳素2-4份与增容剂0.4-0.7份在70-78℃下搅拌15-20min,得到包覆微粉;
S2、将经干燥处理后的所述包覆微粉投入带有加热装置的高速混合机中,然后加入2-咪唑烷酮1-2份和纳米硅片1-2份,混合均匀,得到混合物;
S3、向装有所述混合物的高速混合机中加入HDPE粉料7-15份、发泡剂0.3-0.6份和石蜡0.4-0.7份,继续搅拌25min,得功能物料;
S4、将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材;
S5、将所述薄型片材投入球磨机中,研磨,过80-120目筛,即得除甲醛功能型添加剂;
所述微孔粉的制备方法如下:
称取100g淀粉,加入到1000mL三口烧瓶中,加入250mL的水, 45℃下预热20min,同时进行搅拌;而后加入0.5g的NaCl和5g的环氧氯丙烷,用1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH,并维持pH为11,反应4h后,用1mol/L的盐酸将pH调至6-6.5,再经过滤、洗涤干燥、粉碎得交联粉;
在1000mL三口烧瓶中,用所述交联粉配制成20%的交联粉水乳, 缓慢添加醋酸钠缓冲溶液,调节溶液的pH至4.4-5.0,置于48-58℃恒温水浴锅中预热20min,同时进行搅拌;称取复合酶1.2g,用醋酸钠缓冲溶液10mL配成酶液,移入所述三口烧瓶中,酶解30-60min后,悬浮液经抽滤、蒸馏水洗涤、干燥、粉碎,即得微孔粉;
所述复合酶包括糖化酶和固定化α-淀粉酶,糖化酶与固定化α-淀粉酶的质量比为 3∶1;
所述增容剂为工业级PE-g-MAH;所述发泡剂为AC发泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,将微孔粉及甲壳素与增容剂在76℃下搅拌18 min,得到包覆微粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的除甲醛功能型添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,S4的具体操作步骤如下:将所述功能物料投入锥形双螺杆挤出机中,控制锥形双螺杆挤出机的主机螺杆转速为5.6r/min、进料螺杆转速为3.2r/min,主机真空为-0.10~-0.15 MPa ,机筒一段、二段、三段、合流芯段和机头段挤出温度分别设定为150℃、170℃、180℃、165和160℃,挤出成型,冷却,切割,得到薄型片材。
4.一种除甲醛功能型添加剂,其特征在于,使用如权利要求1-3任一项所述的制备方法制得。
5.一种除甲醛功能型添加剂的应用,其特征在于,如权利要求4所述的除甲醛功能型添加剂在涂料制品/三聚氰胺胶层中的应用。
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