CN117564288A - 可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子、制备方法及其作为润滑油纳米添加剂的应用 - Google Patents
可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子、制备方法及其作为润滑油纳米添加剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可分散性铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其将金属氯化物与多元醇、碱性物质和表面修饰剂混合后,在惰性气体氛围下于180‑200℃搅拌反应40‑60min,反应结束后,冷却,固液分离,即得。其以多元醇法来制备可分散性纳米铁钴镍合金粉末,耗能少、成本低、适合批量生产,并且其在润滑油中具有良好的分散性稳定性,作为润滑油添加剂可以显著提高润滑油的摩擦学性能,表现出较小的摩擦系数和磨斑直径,在抗磨添加剂等领域具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型功能纳米材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子、制备方法及其作为润滑油纳米添加剂的应用。
背景技术
近年来,为解决能源过度消耗和环境污染等问题,世界能源结构调整,可再生能源逐步替代非可再生能源,然而效果并未达到预期。有研究表明表面摩擦带来的能源耗损约占全球能源损耗的20%,机械设备的摩擦行为导致近三分之一的能耗损失,且磨损是引发机械设备故障的重要原因。此外,摩擦磨损也导致大量公共健康和经济损失问题。润滑是解决摩擦磨损的主要手段,润滑剂能够提升机械零部件长期服役能力和工作效率。将纳米颗粒作为添加剂加入至润滑油中能够显著改善基础润滑剂的抗磨、减磨和极压等性能。
与有机分子作为润滑添加剂相比,纳米尺寸(粒度小于100nm)的微粒能够轻易适配微小的摩擦副间隙,并吸附至磨损表面。此外,纳米颗粒具有优异的光电学性能,从而改善了基础润滑剂的热物理性能,将纳米粒子作为添加剂加入到润滑油中可以显著改善基础润滑剂的抗磨。同时由于酯类油与矿物油截然不同的理化性质,导致在摩擦过程中会与抗磨减摩剂在摩擦副接触表面发生竞争吸附,进而减弱抗磨减摩剂的润滑作用。通常适用于非极性矿物油的纳米抗磨减摩剂通常不适用于极性酯类油。因此,拟设计磁性材料来适配与极性酯类油,通过调控其磁性强度,以提高其在铁基摩擦副表面的吸附能力,进而改善其减摩抗磨性能。三元FeCoNi磁性纳米结构由于其高饱和磁化强度,独特的机械性能和较高的耐腐蚀性而备受关注。在之前的研究中,合成三元 FeCoNi 磁性纳米颗粒的方法工艺复杂,对设备要求高,且对环境有害。本研究通过一个简单的多元醇工艺,以乙二醇为溶剂,通过油胺的表面改性制备出油溶性的FeCoNi三元磁性纳米粒子。经过表面改性后的纳米粒子可以稳定的分散在基础油中,通过四球摩擦试验机考察其摩擦学性能,表明经过表面改性的 FeCoNi三元磁性纳米粒子可以有效提升基础油的抗磨减磨性能。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子,其以多元醇法来制备可分散性纳米铁钴镍合金粉末,耗能少、成本低、适合批量生产,并且其在润滑油中具有良好的分散性稳定性,作为润滑油添加剂可以显著提高润滑油的摩擦学性能,表现出较小的摩擦系数和磨斑直径。
本发明还提供了上述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒的制备方法,其制备工艺较简单,可通过改变反应温度、反应时间、浓度来控制所制备的合金粉末的粒径大小。
本发明还提供了上述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒作为润滑油纳米添加剂或抗磨减摩剂的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
将金属氯化物与多元醇、碱性物质和表面修饰剂混合后,在惰性气体氛围(如氮气、氩气等)保护下于180-200℃恒温搅拌反应40-60min,反应结束后,冷却,固液分离(如离心,也可以在离心后进一步用无水乙醇洗涤、干燥),即得可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子。
在该制备过程中,金属氯化物用作前驱体,使用多元醇作为溶剂和还原剂,碱性物质用以提供碱性环境。
具体的,所述金属氯化物可以由质量比1:1-2:1-3的四水氯化亚铁、六水氯化钴和六水氯化镍等混合组成。
具体的,所选用的多元醇可以为乙二醇等。进一步的,所述金属氯化物与多元醇的添加比例可以为1g:30-90ml。
具体的,所述碱性物质可以为氢氧化钠等,所述碱性物质与多元醇的添加比例可以为0.2-0.4g:20-80ml。
进一步的,所述表面修饰剂可以为油胺等,所述金属氯化物与表面修饰剂的添加比例可以为1g:10-50ml。
本发明提供了采用上述方法制备得到的可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子。
本发明还提供了采用上述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子作为润滑油纳米添加剂或抗磨减摩剂等的应用。
本发明作为优选的,一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一:在超声分散或磁力搅拌下,将四水氯化亚铁、六水氯化钴、六水氯化镍分散在乙二醇中,加入油胺和氢氧化钠,得到混合体系;
步骤二:惰性气体氛围保护下,加热至180-200℃并恒温搅拌反应40-60min;
步骤三:反应完成后,经离心、洗涤,得到黑色膏状物:
步骤四:在40-60℃的真空干燥箱中干燥10-14h,得到黑色固体颗粒。
和现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子能够稳定分散在基础油中,在润滑油添加剂领域有着巨大潜力,在可应用在润滑油脂中,作为润滑油纳米添加剂或抗磨减摩剂。本发明使用多元醇法,通过添加油胺作为表面修饰剂,利用铁钴镍合金优良的磁性来提高润滑油脂在摩擦基体间的吸附能力。
本发明铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法具有工艺简单、原料廉价易得、成本低、环保无污染、产率高以及设备要求低等诸多特点,适合大规模的工业化生产。本发明实验操作步骤简单安全,且所制得的铁钴镍三元磁性纳米颗粒可以很好地分散在基础油中。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的铁钴镍纳米粒子的XRD图;
图2为实施例1制得的铁钴镍纳米粒子溶于正己烷中的丁达尔效应图(a)和在比例尺为200nm的TEM图(b);
图3为基础油PAO6与PAO6+1.0wt% 实施例1制得添加剂的摩擦系数对比图;(实验条件:75℃、392N、1200r/min);
图4为基础油PAO6(a)与PAO6+1.0wt% 实施例1制得添加剂(b)的磨斑对比图;(实验条件:75℃、392N、1200r/min);
图5为基础油偏苯三酸脂(a)与偏苯三酸脂+0.2wt%实施例1制得添加剂(b)的磨斑对比图;(实验条件:75℃、392N、1200r/min);
图6为基础油DIOS与DIOS+0.6wt% 实施例2制得添加剂的摩擦系数对比图;(实验条件:75℃、392N、1200r/min);
图7为基础油DIOS(a)与DIOS+0.4wt% 实施例2制得添加剂(b)的磨斑对比图;(实验条件:75℃、392N、1200r/min);
图8为基础油DIOS、DIOS +0.4wt%添加剂、DIOS+4.9wt%商用复配剂以及DIOS +0.4wt%添加剂+4.9wt%商用复配剂的摩擦系数对比图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步解释说明,应当指出,在不脱离本发明原理和宗旨的前提下,还可以做出若干改善和优化,这些改善和优化也应视为本发明的保护范围。
下述实施例中,所用原料均为可以直接购买到的普通市售产品。室温指代25±5℃。
实施例1
一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
首先将0.3g四水氯化亚铁、0.3g六水氯化钴、0.3g六水氯化镍、65ml乙二醇依次加入到100ml三颈烧瓶中,充分搅拌后,向三颈烧瓶中加入15ml油胺、0.01mol氢氧化钠,随后搅拌条件下向反应体系中通入惰性气体氩气并保持20min进行排气,然后升至190℃并使其恒温搅拌反应60min,反应结束后,静置冷却至室温。之后离心,得到黑色物质,即为可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒。
使用磁铁对干燥后的纳米颗粒进行磁性检测,发现制备的纳米颗粒具有良好的磁性。
采用X射线衍射(XRD)对本实施例制备所得铁钴镍三元纳米微粒进行表征,结果见图1。如图1所示,图1中,FeCoNi的XRD图谱显示出三个宽衍射峰,分别对应于FeCoNi合金的(111)、(200)和(220)晶面衍射峰。说明本发明成功制备了铁钴镍三元纳米合金微粒。
将本实施例制备所得铁钴镍三元纳米微粒溶解于正己烷中,观察到了达尔效应,判定其为纳米级微粒,如图2中(a)所示。同时图2中(b)给出了本实施例制备所得铁钴镍三元纳米微粒的TEM图。图中可以看出制备出的样品粒径较为均匀,并属于纳米级粒子。
将本实施例制得的铁钴镍三元纳米微粒作为添加剂分散到PAO6基础油中,配制浓度为1.0 wt% 添加剂的润滑油溶液,在75℃、392N、1200 r/min下用四球摩擦试验机进行摩擦学性能表征,结果如图3、4 所示。
图3给出了在上述条件下所得到的PAO6基础油和PAO6基础油+1 .0 wt% 添加剂的润滑油溶液的摩擦系数图。由图3可以看出:PAO6基础油的平均摩擦系数为0.079,在加入铁钴镍三元纳米微粒后平均摩擦系数降为0.057,含添加剂的基础油摩擦系数降低了27.85%,表现出了良好的减摩效果。
图4通过对PAO6+1.0 wt% 添加剂的润滑油溶液和PAO6基础油的磨斑大小进行对比,结果发现:添加铁钴镍三元纳米微粒后的PAO6表现出更好的抗磨性能。其中,在75℃、392N、1200r/min、服役1h的条件下,PAO6平均磨斑直径为0.818mm,PAO6+1.0wt% 添加剂的平均磨斑直径为0.423mm,磨斑直径降低幅度为48.29%,抗磨性能良好。
图5中a为在上述条件下所得到的偏苯三酸脂基础油的磨斑图,图5中b为偏苯三酸脂基础油+0.2 wt%添加剂的润滑油溶液在同样的条件下得到的磨斑图。通过图5中a、b两图的磨斑对比,结果发现:偏苯三酸脂基础油的磨斑直径(约为0.750mm)要明显大于添加铁钴镍三元纳米微粒后的润滑油溶液的磨斑直径(约为0.562mm),从而可以得知铁钴镍三元纳米微粒分散到偏苯三酸脂基础油后表现出了良好的抗磨性能。
实施例2
一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
首先将0.1g四水氯化亚铁、0.1g六水氯化钴、0.15g六水氯化镍、30ml乙二醇依次加入到50ml三颈烧瓶中,充分搅拌后,向三颈烧瓶中加入15ml油胺、0.005mol氢氧化钠,随后搅拌条件下向反应体系中通入惰性气体氩气并保持20min进行排气,随后升至190℃并使其恒温搅拌反应40min,反应结束后,静置冷却至室温。之后离心,得到黑色物质,即为可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒。
使用磁铁对干燥后的纳米颗粒进行磁性检测,发现制备的纳米颗粒具有良好的磁性。
图6给出了在上述条件下所得到的DIOS基础油和DIOS基础油+0.6wt% 添加剂的润滑油溶液的摩擦系数图。由图6可以看出:DIOS基础油的平均摩擦系数为0.088,在加入铁钴镍三元纳米微粒后平均摩擦系数降为0.068,含添加剂的基础油摩擦系数降低了22.73%,表现出了良好的减摩效果。
图7通过对DIOS+0.4wt% 添加剂和DIOS的磨斑大小进行对比,结果发现:添加铁钴镍三元纳米微粒后的DIOS表现出更好的抗磨性能。其中,在75℃、392N、1200r/min的服役1h的条件下,DIOS平均磨斑直径为0.97mm,DIOS+0.4wt% 添加剂的平均磨斑直径为0.52mm,磨斑直径降低幅度为46.39%,抗磨性能良好。
图8给出了在上述条件下所得到的DIOS基础油、DIOS基础油+0.4wt%添加剂、DIOS+4.9wt%商用复配剂(所述商用复配剂来源于Lubrizol® 1038,购买来自路博润添加剂有限公司)以及DIOS基础油+0.4wt%添加剂+4.9wt%商用复配剂的摩擦系数对比图。图中可以看出:DIOS基础油中加入4.9wt%的商用复配剂平均摩擦系数为0.068,在DIOS基础油+0.4wt%添加剂中加入4.9wt%商用复配剂后平均摩擦系数为0.050,降低了26.47%,表现出更好的减摩效果。
实施例3
一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
首先将0.1g四水氯化亚铁、0.2g六水氯化钴、0.15g六水氯化镍、35ml乙二醇依次加入到50ml三颈烧瓶中,充分搅拌后,向三颈烧瓶中加入12ml油胺、0.005mol氢氧化钠,随后搅拌条件下向反应体系中通入惰性气体氩气并保持20min进行排气,随后升至190℃并使其恒温搅拌反应40min,反应结束后,静置冷却至室温。之后离心,得到黑色物质,即为可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒。
实施例4
一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
首先将0.1g四水氯化亚铁、0.1g六水氯化钴、0.25g六水氯化镍、35ml乙二醇依次加入到50ml三颈烧瓶中,充分搅拌后,向三颈烧瓶中加入12ml油胺、0.005mol氢氧化钠,随后搅拌条件下向反应体系中通入惰性气体氩气并保持20min进行排气,随后升至190℃并使其恒温搅拌反应40min,反应结束后,静置冷却至室温。之后离心,得到黑色物质,即为可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒。
实施例5
一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
首先将0.1g四水氯化亚铁、0.15g六水氯化钴、0.15g六水氯化镍、30ml乙二醇依次加入到50ml三颈烧瓶中,充分搅拌后,向三颈烧瓶中加入15ml油胺、0.01mol氢氧化钠,随后搅拌条件下向反应体系中通入惰性气体氩气并保持20min进行排气,随后升至190℃并使其恒温搅拌反应40min,反应结束后,静置冷却至室温。之后离心,得到黑色物质,即为可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒。
实施例6
一种润滑油脂用可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
首先将0.1g四水氯化亚铁、0.1g六水氯化钴、0.2g六水氯化镍、30ml乙二醇依次加入到50ml三颈烧瓶中,充分搅拌后,向三颈烧瓶中加入15ml油胺、0.01mol氢氧化钠,随后搅拌条件下向反应体系中通入惰性气体氩气并保持20min进行排气,随后升至190℃并使其恒温搅拌反应40min,反应结束后,静置冷却至室温。之后离心,得到黑色物质,即为可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒。
对比例
本对比例选用其它的表面修饰剂,如三乙醇胺等作为表面修饰剂,参照实施例1步骤进行制备可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子。反应结束后得到的黑色溶液经离心或加入丙酮后离心没有物质被分离出来,并不能制备出相应的纳米颗粒。
另外,对上述实施例3至6制备所得铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒进行XRD检测,结果发现:确实为铁钴镍纳米微粒。将制备所得铁钴镍三元纳米微粒溶解于正己烷中,均观察到了达尔效应,判定其为纳米级微粒。使用磁铁对干燥后的纳米颗粒进行磁性检测,发现制备的纳米颗粒均具有良好的磁性。将所得产物铁钴镍三元磁性纳米微粒分散在基础油PAO6、DIOS以及偏苯三酸脂中后,用四球摩擦试验机进行测试,结果发现:均具有与实施例1相当的摩擦学性能,且性能良好。
综上可以看出:本发明制备出的铁钴镍三元纳米微粒具有良好的磁性。值得注意的是实验结束后溶液呈明显的分层状态。制备的纳米微粒不仅适用于PAO6等非极性基础油,并且在DIOS等极性脂类油中同样具有优异的抗磨减磨性能,因此在润滑油纳米添加剂领域具有较好的应用前景。
Claims (8)
1.一种可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将金属氯化物与多元醇、碱性物质和表面修饰剂混合后,在惰性气体氛围下于180-200℃搅拌反应40-60min,反应结束后,冷却,固液分离,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属氯化物由质量比1:1-2:1-3的四水氯化亚铁、六水氯化钴和六水氯化镍混合组成。
3.如权利要求1所述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所选用的多元醇为乙二醇。
4.如权利要求3所述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属氯化物与多元醇的添加比例为1g:30-90ml。
5.如权利要求1所述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱性物质为氢氧化钠,所述碱性物质与多元醇的添加比例为0.2-0.4g:20-80ml。
6.如权利要求1所述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面修饰剂为油胺,所述金属氯化物与表面修饰剂的添加比例为1g:10-50ml。
7.采用权利要求1至6任一所述方法制备得到的可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子。
8.权利要求7所述可分散铁钴镍三元磁性纳米粒子作为润滑油纳米添加剂或抗磨减摩剂的应用。
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