CN117562083A - 一种含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂及其应用,涉及除草药剂技术领域,所述除草增效复配剂包含质量比30∶1的油樟精油与敌草快。本发明将油樟精油作为一种增益助剂添加到化学除草剂敌草快中,大大减少了化学药剂用量,加快除草剂除草速度,提升除草效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及除草药剂技术领域,具体涉及的是一种含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂及其应用。
背景技术
目前杂草防除仍以化学除草为主,但长期、大量、单一使用除草剂,杂草抗药性日益加重,作物农药残留以及农药导致的环境污染问题也日渐严重。降低化学除草剂用量并进一步提高除草效果,受到社会与国家的重视。
目前常用除草剂有灭生性除草剂:草甘膦、草铵膦、敌草快等;选择性除草剂:2甲4氯、锈去津、乙草胺、丁草胺、丙草胺等;灭生性除草剂药效强大,除草范围广,但对作物对杂草均有药害,也容易造成环境污染和农药残留;选择性除草剂只对某类型杂草有防除作用,对作物相对安全,但部分选择性除草剂选择性不强,使用量大时也会对作物造成药害。除草剂自身的理化性质,使其渗透性质不佳,影响除草效果,大量喷施会造成农田环境危害。为减少农药用量,已有多种助剂投入市场,如有机硅、安乐融等,这些助剂有些具有表面活化性能、有些有助于药剂分散、有些能增益药效等,助剂的加入能够提高除草效果,降低用药量,延缓杂草的抗药性,最大限度的发挥除草剂的功效,也能减缓环境污染。针对主要的除草剂品种,依据不同作物的生长特性开发与之适应的增效剂,也是今后发展的趋势。
植物精油是一类植物源次生的代谢产物,具有优良的生物活性、优良溶解性和高安全性。利用植物精油作为农药增效剂具有广阔前景。植物精油组分复杂,有脂肪族化合物、芳香族化合物,多为萜或倍半萜的衍生物,按功能基可分为烃、醇、醛、酮、酯、内酯、醚、酚等。植物精油中中药促渗剂种类较多,研究也较多,如杜香帖烯等。许多研究表明一些植物精油本身具有一定的除草活性,如洋甘菊精油、豚草精油、麦卢卡树精油、柠檬草油和肉桂油等;精油具有的挥发性能使其扩散良好,在一定空间内能均匀分布。
现已有多种植物精油被利用作为除草剂增效剂,如公开号为CN113749098A的专利申请文件公布了一种含有芸苔素内酯类化合物与PCMX、灭生性除草剂的速效增效除草组合物,公开号为CN109730096A的专利申请文件公布了一种含有洋甘菊精油和吡嘧磺隆的除草剂组合物,公开号为CN112535177A的专利申请文件公布了一种含复合助剂的玉米田除草剂等等,均说明已有多种植物精油被利用作为除草药剂进行使用。
我国现有油樟林约3.92万hm2,年产油樟油约1.7万t,资源丰富,油樟精油富含萜烯类化感物质,如1,8-桉叶素等,一定浓度的油樟精油或1,8-桉叶素对杂草生长虽然具有一定的抑制作用。但除草效果远不如其它植物精油。因此,开发一种含有油樟精油的除草剂,即能扩大油樟精油的使用领域,充分利用我国油樟林资源,也能增加除草剂的选择。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂及其应用,以解决现有油樟精油除草效果远不如其它植物精油的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂,包含质量比30∶1的油樟精油与敌草快。
更优地,所述油樟精油与敌草快添加助剂形成的微乳剂,其制备过程为:将土温-80与丙三醇各15份混合均匀作为活性剂,将油樟精油60份与30份活性剂混匀均质,加入敌草快2份,最后加入蒸馏水至总量100份混匀即形成微乳剂。
更优地,所述油樟精油与敌草快添加助剂形成的微乳剂,其制备过程为:按照质量比将土温-80、甘油与油樟精油按照1:1:4的比例混匀均质后作为增益助剂A,使用时增益助剂A与敌草快按照45:1的比例复配即可得到微乳剂。
上述的含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂在除草中的应用。
进一步地,应用过程中,所述除草增效复配剂按照荒地250mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地进行使用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明将油樟精油作为一种增益助剂添加到化学除草剂敌草快中,大大减少了化学药剂用量,加快除草剂除草速度,提升除草效率。
附图说明
图1为实施例2喷施复合药剂2小时后的除草试验地实况照片;
图2为实施例2喷施复合药剂1天后的除草试验地实况照片;
图3为实施例2喷施复合药剂3天后的除草试验地实况照片。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合各实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明,本发明的实现方式包括但不仅限于以下实施例。
在整个说明书中,除非另有特别说明,本文使用的术语应理解为如本领域中通常所使用的含义。因此,除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员的一般理解相同的含义。若存在矛盾,本说明书优先。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等,均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
以下各个实施例,以不同的反应条件制得不同的催化剂,并验证催化活性。
实施例1
本实施例将油樟精油作为敌草快增效剂,按照重量百分比包含除草成分敌草快2%、第一助剂油樟精油60%和第二助剂土温-80与丙三醇各15%。将土温-80与丙三醇各15份混合均匀作为活性剂,将油樟精油60份与30份活性剂混匀均质,加入敌草快2份,最后加入蒸馏水至总量100份,此复配药剂使用可按照荒地250mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地。
在撂荒旱地试验:样地中存在稗草、荩草、龙葵、蓼、野茼蒿。
测试小区面积为1m2,晴天上午10点处理。处理为油樟精油复配敌草快除草剂;空白对照为自来水;阳性对照1为有效成分200g/L敌草快除草剂,使用剂量为50mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地;阳性对照2为有效成分200g/L敌草快除草剂,使用剂量为25mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地。
试验结果:
(1)空白对照未枯萎;
(2)阳性对照2喷洒后2h左右,叶片大部分萎焉,处理1天后稗草、荩草茎秆开始萎焉,2天后枯死,但野茼蒿、蓼茎秆未完全枯死,一周后开始萌生新芽;
(3)阳性对照1施药后2h内杂草叶片萎焉,1天后茎秆完全枯死;
(4)处理喷洒复配除草剂后,2h内杂草叶片完全萎焉,第二天茎秆枯死。
不难看出,复配除草剂中敌草快用量与阳性对照2相当,说明油樟精油复配除草剂可以使敌草快用量减半使用,除草效果不变。
实施例2
在直径9cm的营养钵中填充营养土,撒入50粒稗草种子,待幼苗长至3~5片真叶时使用土温-80溶液、甘油溶液、油樟精油溶液、敌草快(有效成分200g/L)处理、1/2敌草快、1/4敌草快处理,每个处理3盆,清水处理为空白对照,试验处理各组配比见表1。处理时间为晴天下午,处理当天为第0天(d),处理后2h观察稗草受药害情况,1d后统计稗草药害情况、3d后统计稗草致死率和干鲜重抑制率。试验结果见图1~3以及表2。
表1各组配比情况
注:盆栽试验中每个处理配制100mL溶液,装入喷瓶中,于晴天12~14点喷施在稗草地上部分,每盆喷施量约0.15mL。处理3配制时可先分别取1g土温-80与甘油混匀后再与4g油樟精油混合,再加入适量蒸馏水经搅拌均匀(均质)成乳液后再添加蒸馏水至100g施用。处理4先同处理3配制好油樟精油乳液,再添加敌草快成分0.0333g,加蒸馏水至100g施用。
表2盆栽试验处理结果
注:防效计算公式:株防效=(空白对照杂草密度-处理杂草密度)/空白对照杂草密度×100%;鲜重防效=(空白对照杂草鲜重-处理杂草鲜重)/空白对照杂草鲜重×100%。
实施例3
将油樟精油作为敌草快的增效剂,按照质量百分比将土温-80、甘油与油樟精油按照1:1:4的比例混匀均质后作为增益助剂A。使用时增益助剂A与除草成分敌草快按照45:1的质量比例复配,此复配药剂使用剂量可按照荒地250mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地。如:使用市售有效成分200g/L的敌草快除草剂25mL与225g增益助剂A复配后兑水15kg可喷施1亩地。
在撂荒旱地试验:样地中存在稗草、荩草、龙葵、蓼、野茼蒿。测试小区面积为1m2,晴天上午10点处理。
处理为油樟精油复配敌草快除草剂;空白对照为自来水;阳性对照1为有效成分200g/L敌草快除草剂(市售),使用剂量为100mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地;阳性对照2为有效成分200g/L敌草快除草剂剂量减半使用;增益助剂A按照荒地250mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地。所有处理配制100mL溶液,装入喷瓶中,每个处理小区(1m2)喷施约25mL。处理时间为晴天上午10~12点。处理后2h第1d、第3d后以及第7d观察药效,处理当天为第0d。第7d统计药剂防效。防效计算公式:株防效=(空白对照杂草密度-处理杂草密度)/空白对照杂草密度×100%;鲜重防效=(空白对照杂草鲜重-处理杂草鲜重)/空白对照杂草鲜重×100%。
试验结果:
(1)空白对照未枯萎;
(2)阳性对照2喷洒后2h左右,叶片大部分萎焉,处理1天后稗草、荩草茎秆开始萎焉,2天后枯死,但野茼蒿、蓼茎秆未完全枯死,一周后开始萌生新芽;
(3)阳性对照1施药后2h内杂草叶片萎焉,1天后茎秆完全枯死;处理喷洒复配除草剂后,2h内杂草叶片完全萎焉,第二天茎秆枯死。
油樟精油复配除草剂可以使敌草快用量减半使用,除草效果不变。试验结果见表3。
表3油樟精油与敌草快复配处理除草效果
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施方式之一,不应当用于限制本发明的保护范围,但凡在本发明的主体设计思想和精神上作出的毫无实质意义的改动或润色,其所解决的技术问题仍然与本发明一致的,均应当包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂,其特征在于,包含质量比30∶1的油樟精油与敌草快。
2.如权利要求1所述的含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂,其特征在于,所述油樟精油与敌草快添加助剂形成的微乳剂,其制备过程为:将土温-80与丙三醇各15份混合均匀作为活性剂,将油樟精油60份与30份活性剂混匀均质,加入敌草快2份,最后加入蒸馏水至总量100份混匀即形成微乳剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂,其特征在于,所述油樟精油与敌草快添加助剂形成的微乳剂,其制备过程为:按照质量比将土温-80、甘油与油樟精油按照1:1:4的比例混匀均质后作为增益助剂A,使用时增益助剂A与敌草快按照45:1的比例复配即可得到微乳剂。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的含有油樟精油的除草增效复配剂在除草中的应用。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,应用过程中,所述除草增效复配剂按照荒地250mL兑水15kg喷施1亩地进行使用。
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