CN117558987B - Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117558987B
CN117558987B CN202410044809.8A CN202410044809A CN117558987B CN 117558987 B CN117558987 B CN 117558987B CN 202410044809 A CN202410044809 A CN 202410044809A CN 117558987 B CN117558987 B CN 117558987B
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lithium ion
ion battery
additive
electrolyte
solvent
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CN117558987A (en
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田少杰
陈卫晓
臧成杰
郑春龙
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Jiangsu Tenpower Lithium Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises a solvent, an electrolyte and an additive, the additive comprises an additive A containing tertiary amino groups and cyano groups, the additive A can form a stable interface film on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, side reactions of the electrolyte on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are inhibited, tertiary amino groups can capture water or acid in the battery, cyano groups can capture metal ions dissolved in a positive electrode material, and phosphite groups can react with oxygen release generated by the positive electrode to inhibit the oxygen release and oxidation of the electrolyte to produce gas; in addition, the multiple groups of the additive A contain lone electron pairs, can be combined with transition metal ions in the positive electrode material, can well stabilize the positive electrode structure, and can effectively improve the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery.

Description

Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and relates to lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is widely applied to the fields of mobile electronic equipment, electric automobiles, two-wheel electric automobiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and the like due to the characteristics of high energy density, long service life, no memory effect and the like. With the continued development of lithium ion battery powered products, there is a growing demand for energy density and lifetime of lithium ion batteries.
In order to provide the energy density of lithium batteries, one tends to use high voltage and high gram capacity positive electrode materials, such as nickel cobalt aluminum ternary materials. However, the positive electrode material is easy to change phase under high temperature and high voltage to cause material decomposition, metal ions are dissolved out and migrate to the electrolyte and the negative electrode to generate side reaction after the material is decomposed, and oxygen is released to cause the electrolyte to be oxidized to generate gas, so that the high-temperature circulation and the high-temperature storage performance are finally deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, which can effectively improve the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention aims at providing a lithium ion battery electrolyte, which comprises a solvent, electrolyte and an additive, wherein the additive comprises an additive A, and the structure of the additive A is shown as a formula I:
I is a kind of
Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently alkyl, R 3 is alkylene, R 4 is substituted or unsubstituted saturated alkyl, unsaturated alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, the unsaturated alkyl contains a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the substituted saturated alkyl is cyano-substituted saturated alkyl.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the alkyl is C1-C8 alkyl, such as C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 alkyl.
The alkylene is C1-C8 alkylene, such as C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 alkylene.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the saturated alkyl is C1-C8 saturated alkyl, such as C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 saturated alkyl.
The unsaturated alkyl is C2-C8 unsaturated alkyl, such as C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 unsaturated alkyl.
The alkenyl is C2-C8 alkenyl, such as C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 alkenyl.
The alkynyl is C2-C8 alkynyl, such as C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 alkynyl.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the additive A comprises any one or a combination of at least two of compounds shown in the formulas I1-I5:
I1
I2
I3
I4
Formula I5.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the content of the additive a in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.3-3 wt%, such as 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2wt%, 2.5 wt%, or 3 wt%, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range of values are equally applicable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the additive further comprises an additive B, wherein the additive B is a boron-containing compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive B includes any one or a combination of at least two of triallyl borate, 2,4, 6-trivinyl boroxine, 2,4, 6-triallyl boroxine, and 2,4, 6-tripropyl boroxine.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the solvent includes any one or a combination of at least two of a carbonate solvent, a fluorocarbonate solvent, a carboxylate solvent, a fluorocarboxylate solvent, an ether solvent and a fluoroether solvent.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte includes any one or a combination of at least two of LiPF 6, liFSI, liTFSI, or LiBF 4.
The second object of the invention is to provide a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, electrolyte and a diaphragm, wherein the electrolyte is one of the lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the object.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
The invention aims to provide lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, and the lithium ion battery electrolyte can effectively improve the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described through the specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a lithium ion battery electrolyte, which comprises a solvent, electrolyte and an additive, wherein the additive comprises an additive A, and the structure of the additive A is shown as a formula I:
I is a kind of
Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently alkyl, R 3 is alkylene, R 4 is substituted or unsubstituted saturated alkyl, unsaturated alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, the unsaturated alkyl contains a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, and the substituted saturated alkyl is cyano-substituted saturated alkyl.
In the invention, an additive A is used in the lithium battery electrolyte, the additive A can effectively form a stable interface film on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, inhibit side reactions of the electrolyte on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the additive A contains tertiary amino groups, can capture water or acid in the battery, and simultaneously contains cyano groups, can capture metal ions dissolved in the positive electrode material, and in addition, the additive A contains phosphite groups, can react with oxygen release generated by the positive electrode, and inhibit the oxygen release oxidation electrolyte from generating gas; the phosphite ester structure, the cyano structure and the amino structure on the additive A all contain lone electron pairs, can be combined with transition metal ions in the anode material, and can well stabilize the anode structure. The additive A is used in the lithium battery electrolyte, so that the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the alkyl group may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, or the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the alkylene group may be methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, isobutylene, n-pentylene, n-hexylene, n-heptylene, n-octylene, or the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the saturated alkyl group may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, or the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cyano group, the carbon-carbon double bond and the carbon-carbon triple bond may be located in the middle or at the end of the alkyl group.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cyano-substituted saturated alkyl group may be cyanoethyl, cyanopropyl, cyanobutyl, cyanopentyl, cyanohexyl, cyanoheptyl, cyanooctyl, or the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl group may be vinyl, n-propenyl, isopropenyl, n-butenyl, isobutenyl, n-pentenyl, n-hexenyl, n-heptenyl, n-octenyl, or the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the alkynyl group may be an ethynyl group, an n-propynyl group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butynyl group, an isobutynyl group, an n-pentynyl group, an n-hexynyl group, an n-heptynyl group, an n-octynyl group, or the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the content of the additive B in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.1 to 2 wt%, such as 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% or 2%, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range of values are equally applicable.
According to the invention, the additive B is added on the basis of using the additive A in the lithium battery electrolyte, the additive B is a boron-containing compound with carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds, a compact interface film can be formed on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode through the carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds, the occurrence of side reaction is better inhibited, the boron element is in an electron-deficient structure, can be combined with oxygen in the positive electrode material, reduces the activity of the oxygen, further plays a role in stabilizing the positive electrode, and can further improve the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbonate solvent may be any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, or propylmethyl carbonate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the fluorocarbonate solvent may be any one or a combination of at least two of fluoroethylene carbonate, bisfluoroethylene carbonate, methyltrifluoromethyl carbonate, methyltrifluoroethyl carbonate or bis (2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the carboxylate solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, or ethyl butyrate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the fluorocarboxylate solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethyl fluoroacetate, methyl trifluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, propyl trifluoroacetate, 2-trifluoroethyl difluoroacetate, methyl pentafluoropropionate, or 2, 2-difluoroethyl acetate.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ether solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of tetrahydrofuran, 1, 3-dioxane, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the fluoroether solvent comprises bis (2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ether 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 2-trifluoroethyl ether or 1, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-any one or a combination of at least two of 2, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte content in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 8-18 wt%, such as 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt% or 18 wt%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range of values are equally applicable.
The specific embodiment of the invention provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, electrolyte and a diaphragm, wherein the electrolyte is the lithium ion battery electrolyte.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, the positive electrode sheet comprises a positive electrode material, and the positive electrode material is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of nickel cobalt manganese ternary materials, nickel cobalt aluminum ternary materials, nickel cobalt manganese aluminum quaternary materials, nickel manganese aluminum ternary materials, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate and lithium manganese iron phosphate.
In one embodiment of the invention, the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode material includes a carbon material or a silicon material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon material is any one or a combination of at least two of natural graphite, artificial graphite, hard carbon, or soft carbon.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the conductive agent is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of carbon black, conductive graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube or graphene.
To facilitate understanding of the present invention, examples are set forth below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
In the embodiment of the invention, the materials used for preparing the electrolyte are as follows:
Organic solvent: ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC);
Electrolyte salt: liPF 6;
additive A: compounds of the following formulas I1 (CAS: 102690-90-4) and I3 (CAS: 102690-88-0);
I1
I3
Additive B: tripropylester borate, 2,4, 6-trivinylboroxine.
According to the preparation method, the electrolyte is prepared sequentially according to the following preparation methods of the embodiments 1-11:
Firstly, slowly adding lithium salt into a mixed solution of EC, DMC and EMC in a glove box, cooling the temperature in a container to room temperature, then adding an additive, and uniformly mixing to obtain the electrolyte. The mass ratio of EC, DMC and EMC in the electrolyte is EC: DMC: emc=1:1:1, electrolyte salt content in the electrolyte was 12%. The types and contents of the additives are shown in Table 1, wherein the contents of the additives are weight percentages based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
Comparative example 1 an electrolyte was prepared according to the following preparation method:
Firstly, slowly adding lithium salt into a mixed solution of EC, DMC and EMC in a glove box, and adding an additive after the temperature in a container is reduced to room temperature, wherein the specific composition and content of the additive are shown in Table 1, and the content of the additive is calculated as weight percentage based on the total weight of the electrolyte. After being uniformly mixed, the electrolyte is prepared; the mass ratio of EC, DMC and EMC in the electrolyte is EC: DMC: emc=1:1:1, the electrolyte salt content in the electrolyte was 12%.
Preparation of a lithium ion battery:
The electrolytes obtained in examples and comparative examples were respectively applied to lithium ion batteries prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparation of positive plate
Mixing anode material nickel cobalt lithium manganate NCM811 (LiNi 0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2), binder (polyvinylidene fluoride) and conductive agent (conductive carbon black) according to the mass ratio of 96:2:2, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and stirring to prepare anode slurry;
And uniformly coating the anode slurry on an aluminum foil, airing the coated aluminum foil at room temperature, transferring to a 120 ℃ oven for drying for 1h, then drying at 85 ℃ for cold pressing, trimming, cutting pieces and slitting, drying at 100 ℃ for 4h under vacuum condition, and welding tab to prepare the anode sheet of the lithium ion secondary battery meeting the requirements.
(2) Preparation of negative plate
Dissolving Artificial Graphite (AG), a thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution (the proportion of a negative electrode formula is calculated according to the solid mass of CMC), a binder styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion (SBR) and a conductive agent (carbon black) in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 95:1:1.5:2.5, and uniformly mixing to prepare a negative electrode slurry;
And uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on a current collector copper foil, drying at 85 ℃ for cold pressing, trimming, cutting and splitting, drying at 110 ℃ for 4 hours under vacuum, and welding the tab to prepare the negative electrode sheet of the lithium ion secondary battery meeting the requirements.
(3) Preparation of lithium ion batteries
And winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the isolating film (12 mu mPE film) into a bare cell, then filling the bare cell into an aluminum plastic film, baking at 90 ℃ for water removal, injecting corresponding electrolyte, sealing, and carrying out the procedures of standing, hot cold pressing, formation, exhaust, capacity division and the like to obtain the lithium ion battery.
The lithium ion battery obtained by the method is subjected to lithium ion battery performance test, which comprises the following performance tests:
45 ℃ cycle test of lithium ion battery
Firstly, standing a lithium ion battery at 25 ℃ for 30 minutes, discharging to 2.8V at a constant current of 1 ℃ and then standing for 10 minutes; then charging to 4.25V with 1C constant current, further charging to 0.05C with 4.25V constant voltage, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.8V with 1C constant current, which is a charge-discharge cycle process, obtaining discharge capacity of C 1 of lithium ion battery, then performing 600 charge-discharge cycles, and recording 600 th cycle discharge capacity as C 600.
Capacity retention (%) =c 600/C1 after 600 cycles of the lithium ion battery;
In addition, after the cyclic test of all groups of lithium ion batteries is finished, the battery core is disassembled, the negative electrode plate is taken out, the negative electrode active material layer is scraped, strong acid is used for digestion, solution is prepared after filtration, the obtained solution is subjected to ICP test for the content of nickel, cobalt and manganese, and the sum of the content of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the negative electrode active material obtained by the ICP test is the sum of the deposition amount of negative electrode metal ions.
70 ℃ Storage test for lithium ion battery
Firstly, standing a lithium ion battery at 25 ℃ for 30 minutes; charging to 4.25V at a constant current of 0.5C, further charging to a current of 0.05C at a constant voltage of 4.25V; then discharging 2.8V to the lithium ion battery with a constant current of 0.5C, wherein the discharge capacity is marked as C 0s; charging to 4.25V with constant current of 0.5C, and further charging to 0.05C with constant voltage of 4.25V; finally, the volume of the cell, here the volume V 0 before storage, was measured by the drainage method. And then placing the lithium ion battery at 70 ℃ for 30 days, placing the lithium ion secondary battery at 25 ℃ after the storage is finished, and testing the volume of the battery by adopting a drainage method, wherein the volume is V 30 after the storage. Then discharging 2.8V to the lithium ion battery with a constant current of 0.5C; charging the lithium ion secondary battery to 4.25V with a constant current of 0.5C, and further charging the lithium ion secondary battery to a constant voltage of 4.25V until the current is 0.05C; then, the lithium ion secondary battery was discharged to 2.8V at a constant current of 0.5C, and the discharge capacity at this time was recorded as C 30s.
Storage capacity recovery rate (%) =c 30S/C0S after 30 days of lithium ion storage;
The volume expansion rate (%) = (V 30-V0)/V0) after 30 days of storage of the lithium ion battery.
The performance test data of the lithium ion batteries of the inventive examples and comparative examples are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 5 in table 2, when the additive a was added to the lithium ion battery electrolyte, the discharge capacity retention rate and the metal ion deposition amount at 45 ℃ and the storage capacity recovery rate and the volume expansion rate at 70 ℃ were all significantly improved, mainly because of the film forming effect of the additive a, the scavenging effect on water and acid, the capturing effect on dissolved metal ions, the combination of oxygen release and the stabilizing effect on the cathode material, which resulted in a significant improvement in the high temperature cycle and storage performance. The overall performance of the lithium ion battery is improved as the content of the additive a increases, but when the content of the additive a is too high, the cycle and storage performance are deteriorated to some extent because the additive a is poor in stability, and when the content of the additive a is too high, a part of the additive a is chemically decomposed, and the resulting decomposition products may deteriorate the performance of the lithium ion battery.
From the results of examples 3 and 6-9 in Table 2, it can be seen that the addition of additive B based on additive A improves various performances of lithium ion battery to some extent; however, when the additive B is excessively added, the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery are also deteriorated because the additive B is mainly polymerized through double bonds, and when the content is excessively high, the formed interfacial film is too thick to prevent the transmission of lithium ions, the lithium ions are accumulated in a certain place, not only the capacity is attenuated, but also side reactions are caused.
From examples 7 and 10-11 in table 2, it can be seen that different combinations of types and contents of the additive a and the additive B have different effects on improving various performances of the lithium ion battery.
In summary, the additive A is used as the combined additive in the electrolyte provided by the invention, so that the high-temperature cycle capacity retention rate, the metal ion deposition amount, the high-temperature storage capacity recovery rate and the volume expansion of the lithium ion battery can be improved. The additive B is added on the basis of the additive A, so that the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery can be further improved.
The applicant states that the detailed process equipment and process flows of the present invention are described by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to, i.e., does not mean that the present invention must be practiced in dependence upon, the above detailed process equipment and process flows. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of raw materials for the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., falls within the scope of the present invention and the scope of disclosure.

Claims (8)

1. The lithium ion battery electrolyte is characterized by comprising a solvent, an electrolyte and an additive, wherein the additive comprises an additive A, and the structure of the additive A is shown as a formula I:
；
I is a kind of
Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently alkyl, R 3 is alkylene, R 4 is substituted or unsubstituted saturated alkyl, unsaturated alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, said unsaturated alkyl containing a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, said substituted saturated alkyl being cyano-substituted saturated alkyl;
the content of the additive A in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.3-3 wt%.
2. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl group is a C1 to C8 alkyl group;
The alkylene is C1-C8 alkylene.
3. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the saturated alkyl is a C1 to C8 saturated alkyl;
the unsaturated alkyl is C2-C8 unsaturated alkyl;
The alkenyl is C2-C8 alkenyl;
the alkynyl is C2-C8 alkynyl.
4. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the additive a comprises any one or a combination of at least two of the compounds represented by the formulas I1 to I5:
；
I1
；
I2
；
I3
；
I4
；
Formula I5.
5. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the additive further comprises an additive B, the additive B being a boron-containing compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturation;
the additive B comprises any one or a combination of at least two of triallyl borate, tripropyl borate, 2,4, 6-trivinyl boroxine, 2,4, 6-triallyl boroxine or 2,4, 6-tripropyl boroxine.
6. The lithium ion battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a carbonate solvent, a fluorocarbonate solvent, a carboxylate solvent, a fluorocarboxylate solvent, an ether solvent, and a fluoroether solvent.
7. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises any one or a combination of at least two of LiPF 6, liFSI, liTFSI, or LiBF 4.
8. A lithium ion battery, characterized in that the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte and a diaphragm, wherein the electrolyte is the lithium ion battery electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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