CN117553321A - Multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle - Google Patents
Multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- CN117553321A CN117553321A CN202410039367.8A CN202410039367A CN117553321A CN 117553321 A CN117553321 A CN 117553321A CN 202410039367 A CN202410039367 A CN 202410039367A CN 117553321 A CN117553321 A CN 117553321A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- shell
- gas separation
- separation sleeve
- air
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 58
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012671 ceramic insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00009—Using plasma torches for igniting, stabilizing, or improving the combustion process
Abstract
The invention discloses a multichannel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle, which comprises a cylindrical shell and an electrode group which is arranged in the shell and is coaxially arranged with the shell; the electrode group comprises 2 or more rod-shaped electrodes; a plurality of oil-gas separation sleeves are coaxially nested in the shell; gaps are formed between the oil-gas separation sleeves and the shell, so that the interior of the shell is divided into a plurality of layered cavities, and the layered cavities are formed by arranging an air passage and an oil passage at intervals from inside to outside; the multi-channel discharge module is connected with the rod-shaped electrode. According to the invention, a plurality of sliding electric arcs are organized at the front end of the nozzle, and are rotationally stretched under the action of incoming air to form a plasma action area, so that fuel droplets are further crushed, and the spray particle size distribution is improved; and the oil-gas mixture is cracked, macromolecular hydrocarbon in the fuel oil is cracked into micromolecular olefin, and the flame propagation rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aero-engine combustion chambers, and particularly relates to a multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle.
Background
With the continuous development of the airplane task, the working envelope of the airplane is expanded, and the working points near or outside the envelope deviate from the designed steady-state working condition to a large extent, so that ignition failure and flameout faults often occur. Under extreme conditions such as high altitude, plateau, high cold, high humidity, air intake distortion, rapid oil saving and the like, the fuel atomization evaporation and chemical reaction rate are obviously reduced, the working condition of the combustion chamber is changed sharply, the flameout boundary is obviously narrowed, and the safety and the use efficiency of the aircraft are seriously affected.
Aero-engines fire, burn, and flameout are complex gas-liquid two-phase turbulent flow combustion chemical reactions in which interactions between turbulence, droplets, and chemical reactions are very complex. Especially at the head of the combustion chamber, turbulence affects the spatial distribution of the droplets, turbulent mixing and droplet evaporation both affect the chemical reaction of the chemical reaction, heat release affects droplet evaporation and turbulence pulsation. Under extreme conditions, the fuel atomization evaporation and chemical reaction rates are obviously reduced, the working conditions of the combustion chamber are changed sharply, and the working conditions deviate from the designed working state of the combustion chamber greatly. The low temperature and low pressure bring great difficulty to the diffusion and evaporation of turbulent liquid mist, so that the steam supplied to the initial fire core through diffusion is greatly reduced, combustible mixed gas is difficult to form, the chemical reaction rate is also obviously reduced under the low temperature condition, the heat release of chemical reaction is reduced, and the ignition failure is easy to cause. Under high strain rate/high turbulence conditions, there is a critical strain rate above which the ignition probability is reduced, although the local mixture fraction has reached flammability, and the fire nuclei cannot be spread out due to the local strain or high speed induced convective heat transfer.
Chinese patent application CN201910062320.2 discloses a porous atomized plasma fuel nozzle, the device comprising: the device comprises a first cavity, an annular cathode, two air inlets, a central electrode assembly port, an aviation kerosene inlet, an aviation kerosene atomizer, a cyclone, a second cavity, a central electrode window and a long rod-shaped insulating layer. Aviation kerosene enters the cavity II through an aviation kerosene inlet, is atomized by an aviation kerosene atomizer, and enters the cavity I to be mixed with rotational flow air generated by the two air inlets and the cyclone; after the central electrode window is powered on, under the action of rotational flow, the central electrode window and the annular cathode form a sliding arc, and are contacted with the passing oil-gas mixture to ignite or crack the oil-gas mixture.
In fact, in the above prior art, the first aspect has a small plasma action area due to the sliding arc generated by only one electrode, and has limited cracking effect on fuel molecules. In the second aspect, air behind the device and atomized aviation kerosene are directly mixed in the first cavity, so that uniform mixing is difficult to ensure, and the ignition probability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle, which forms a plasma action area by organizing a plurality of sliding electric arcs at the front end of the nozzle and rotating and stretching the nozzle under the action of incoming air, so as to promote fuel droplets to be further crushed and improve the spray particle size distribution; and the oil-gas mixture is cracked, macromolecular hydrocarbon in the fuel oil is cracked into micromolecular olefin, and the flame propagation rate is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is that the multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle comprises a cylindrical shell and an electrode group which is arranged in the shell and coaxially arranged with the shell; the front end of the shell is opened and the rear end of the shell is closed; the electrode group comprises 2 or more rod-shaped electrodes; a plurality of oil-gas separation sleeves are coaxially nested in the shell, and the front end of each oil-gas separation sleeve is opened and the rear end of each oil-gas separation sleeve is closed; gaps are formed between the oil-gas separation sleeves and the shell, so that the interior of the shell is divided into a plurality of layered cavities, and the layered cavities are formed by arranging an air passage and an oil passage at intervals from inside to outside; all the air passages are communicated with each other, all the oil passages are communicated with each other, the air passages are connected with the air circuit, and the oil passages are connected with the oil circuit; the multi-channel discharging module is connected with the high-voltage end of the power supply; the low-voltage end of the power supply is connected with the shell; the multichannel discharge module comprises a plurality of voltage division modules, and the voltage division modules are connected with the rod-shaped electrodes one by one.
As an improvement, the number of the oil-gas separation sleeves is three, and the inner-layer oil-gas separation sleeve, the middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve and the outer-layer oil-gas separation sleeve are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, so that the inside of the shell is divided into a primary air passage, a secondary oil passage, a secondary air passage and a main oil passage from inside to outside.
As a further improvement, air communication holes for communicating the primary air passage and the secondary air passage are formed on the inner-layer oil-gas separation sleeve and the middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve near the tail end; the middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve and the outer-layer oil-gas separation sleeve are provided with a fuel gas communication hole which is used for communicating the auxiliary oil passage and the main oil passage at the position close to the tail end.
As another further improvement, the outer wall of the shell is connected with a supporting arm, and the air passage and the oil passage are arranged on the supporting arm; the air passage communicates with the air passage using an air communication hole, and the oil passage communicates with the oil passage using a fuel gas communication hole.
As an improvement, the air communication hole and the gas communication hole are formed along the radial direction of the shell and the oil-gas separation sleeve; the air communication hole is opened through the air passage and is closed through the oil passage; the fuel gas communication hole is opened through the oil passage and closed through the air passage.
As an improvement, the shell is cylindrical with a convergence opening at the front end and a curved surface closed structure at the tail end, and the convergence angle of the convergence opening is 50-70 degrees; the oil-gas separation sleeve is cylindrical with a convergence opening, the tail end of the oil-gas separation sleeve is of a curved surface closed structure, the convergence angle of the convergence opening is 20-60 degrees, and the convergence angle of the oil-gas separation sleeve and the convergence opening of the shell from inside to outside increases gradually.
As an improvement, the oil-gas separation sleeve from inside to outside and the convergence of the shell are gradually longer than the front end of the rod-shaped electrode.
As an improvement, the rod-shaped electrodes in the electrode group are uniformly arranged along the circumference; the rod-shaped electrode is inserted into the mounting hole, and the front end of the rod-shaped electrode extends out of the insulating sleeve.
As an improvement, a cyclone is arranged between the insulating sleeve and the oil-gas separation sleeve.
As an improvement, the voltage dividing modules are connected in parallel, and each voltage dividing module comprises a voltage dividing resistor and a capacitor which are connected in parallel.
Compared with the prior fuel nozzle technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. a sliding arc plasma action area is formed at a fuel outlet of the multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle, and plasma promotes primary atomization and secondary atomization processes of fuel, improves atomization evaporation quality and increases effective equivalence ratio of a combustion area. Under the action of sliding arc plasma, kerosene macromolecules are cracked and reformed to generate small molecular hydrocarbons such as hydrogen, methane, ethylene, acetylene and the like, so that the chemical reaction rate and flame propagation speed are improved, and high-strength flame is maintained. Meanwhile, the sliding arc plasma is used as a high-temperature heat source which exists stably, and new fire nuclei can be continuously generated in the oil-gas mixture. In particular the flame root, the region where the flame lifting occurs substantially coincides with the sliding arc plasma action zone. In addition, in the sliding arc plasma forming process, high-energy electrons collide with excited molecules, ions and the like to generate a large number of active free radicals represented by OH, and the active free radicals can directly participate in combustion reaction to increase the chemical reaction rate.
2. The multichannel discharge plasma fuel oil cracking pneumatic nozzle is characterized in that a plurality of high-voltage electrodes are arranged in the center of the nozzle, stable discharge of a plurality of arc channels is realized through connection of a multichannel discharge module and high-voltage output of a power supply, a plurality of sliding arcs are formed at the outlet of the nozzle at the same time, the plasma discharge intensity and an action area are increased, and meanwhile, the utilization efficiency of a plasma power supply is improved.
3. The inside oil gas layering of nozzle, by insulating external member, inlayer oil gas separation sleeve, middle level oil gas separation sleeve, skin oil gas separation sleeve, nozzle casing separate into multilayer nested structure, from inside to outside is primary air, auxiliary oil circuit, secondary air, main oil circuit respectively, and the fuel liquid film is broken by inboard air current in exit and is formed tiny liquid drop, is easier under the plasma effect schizolysis. The primary air and the secondary air can directly assist the fuel oil to crush and atomize, can be used as driving air flow of sliding arc plasma, can also take account of the action of cooling air flow, cool the nozzle, reduce the ablation and abrasion of the ignition electrode and the metal material, and improve the service life and reliability of the nozzle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a nozzle to a multi-channel discharge module.
The marks in the figure:
the multi-channel discharge device comprises a nozzle body 1, a support arm 2, an oil circuit 3, an air circuit 4, a mounting seat 5, a binding post 6, a multi-channel discharge module 7, a power supply 8, a rod-shaped electrode 101, an insulating sleeve 102, an inner-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103, an intermediate-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 104, an outer-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 105, a shell 106, an air communication hole 107, a gas communication hole 108, a primary air passage 109, a secondary oil passage 110, a secondary air passage 111 and a main oil passage 112.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments.
In order to solve the problem of low ignition probability in the prior art, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle, which comprises a nozzle body 1 and a supporting arm 2 connected with the nozzle body 1 in an L shape. The nozzle body 1 includes a cylindrical case 106, and an electrode group coaxially provided with the case 106 and mounted inside the case 106; the front end of the shell 106 is opened and the rear end is closed; the electrode group comprises 2 or more rod-shaped electrodes 101; a plurality of oil-gas separation sleeves are coaxially nested in the shell 106, and the front ends of the oil-gas separation sleeves are opened and the rear ends of the oil-gas separation sleeves are closed; gaps are formed between the oil-gas separation sleeves and the shell 106, so that the interior of the shell 106 is divided into a plurality of layered cavities, and the layered cavities are formed by arranging an air passage and an oil passage at intervals from inside to outside; all air passages are communicated with each other, all oil passages are communicated with each other, the air passages are connected with the air passage 4, and the oil passages are connected with the oil passage 3; the multi-channel discharge module 7 is connected with the high-voltage end of the power supply 8; the low voltage end of the power supply 8 is connected with the shell 106; the multi-channel discharge module 7 comprises a plurality of voltage division modules, and the voltage division modules are connected with the rod-shaped electrodes 101 one by one.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
according to the pneumatic nozzle provided by the invention, the functions of a plasma exciter and a fuel nozzle are integrated, after a power supply 8 is started, an electric arc is formed between a rod-shaped electrode 101 and a shell 106, a plurality of oil-gas separation sleeves arranged in the shell 106 play a role of a relay electrode, the electric arc rotates and stretches under the driving of air flow, and a sliding arc plasma action area is formed at the outlet of the nozzle body 1. The fuel oil is sprayed out from the oil passage, crushed and atomized under the pneumatic action of air flow and the action of plasma, reacts with the arc plasma, and is cracked to generate a large amount of combustible micromolecular olefins (hydrogen, methane, ethylene and the like), so that the combustion chemical reaction rate and flame propagation speed are improved. The rod-shaped electrodes are high-voltage electrodes, the number of the rod-shaped electrodes is more than or equal to 2, the rod-shaped electrodes are used for increasing the number of sliding arcs, increasing the plasma discharge intensity and the action area, and improving the cracking effect on gas molecules.
In addition, the air passages and the oil passages are arranged at intervals, and are staggered and layered before air and oil gas are mixed, so that the atomization effect of fuel oil is improved, the fuel oil is more uniform during mixing, the purpose of fully mixing is achieved, and the ignition effect is improved.
In this embodiment, the number of the oil-gas separation sleeves is three, and the inner layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103, the middle layer oil-gas separation sleeve 104 and the outer layer oil-gas separation sleeve 105 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, so that the interior of the shell 106 is divided into a primary air passage 109, a secondary oil passage 110, a secondary air passage 111 and a main oil passage 112 from inside to outside. Wherein the primary air passage 109 is a gap between the electrode group and the inner oil-gas separation sleeve 103; auxiliary oil passage 110 is a gap between inner layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103 and middle layer oil-gas separation sleeve 104; secondary air passage 111 is the gap between middle layer oil and gas separation sleeve 104 and outer layer oil and gas separation sleeve 105; the main oil passage 112 is a gap between the outer oil and gas separation sleeve 105 and the housing 106.
An air communication hole 107 for communicating a primary air passage 109 with a secondary air passage 111 is formed on the inner oil-gas separation sleeve 103 and the middle oil-gas separation sleeve 104 near the tail end; the middle oil-gas separation sleeve 104 and the outer oil-gas separation sleeve 105 are provided with a fuel gas communication hole 108 near the tail end for communicating the auxiliary oil passage 110 and the main oil passage 112.
For more uniform mixing, more oil and gas separation sleeves can be provided to achieve more stratification. Of course, the size and the strength of the material of the nozzle body 1 are limited, and the inner oil-gas separation sleeve 103, the middle oil-gas separation sleeve 104 and the outer oil-gas separation sleeve 105 are preferable in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the housing 106 is cylindrical, with a convergence opening at the front end, and a curved surface closed structure at the rear end, where the convergence angle of the convergence opening is 50-70 °; the oil-gas separation sleeve is cylindrical with a convergence opening, the tail end of the oil-gas separation sleeve is of a curved surface closed structure, the convergence angle of the convergence opening is 20-60 degrees, and the convergence angle of the oil-gas separation sleeve and the convergence opening of the shell from inside to outside increases gradually. In addition, the converging port of the oil-gas separation sleeve and the shell from inside to outside is gradually longer than the front end of the rod-shaped electrode. Thus, the relay arc can be better acted, and a sliding arc plasma action zone with wider and more stable area is formed.
The following describes the specific structure of the casing and the oil-gas separation sleeve in this embodiment in detail:
the inner-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103 is of a cylindrical structure with a convergence opening, the convergence angle is 20-40 degrees, preferably 30 degrees, the length is 30-50 mm, preferably 40mm, the inner diameter is 13-14 mm, preferably 13mm, and the outer diameter is 14-16 mm, preferably 15mm. The inner oil-gas separation sleeve 103 is made of 310S stainless steel or high-temperature resistant alloy, preferably nickel-based high-temperature alloy. The inner layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103 is provided with 4 air communication holes at a position 15mm away from the tail end, the aperture is 8mm, and the air communication holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference. The tail end of the inner-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103 is of a curved surface closed structure. The axis of the inner oil-gas separation sleeve 103 is coincident with that of the middle oil-gas separation sleeve 104, and the two are connected by adopting a welding technology.
The middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 104 is of a circular tube structure with a convergence opening, the convergence angle is 30-50 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, the length is 30-50 mm, preferably 40mm, the inner diameter is 15-17 mm, preferably 16mm, and the outer diameter is 17-19 mm, preferably 18mm. The middle layer oil and gas separation sleeve 104 is made of 310S stainless steel or high temperature resistant alloy, preferably nickel-based superalloy. The middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 104 is provided with 4 air communication holes at a position 15mm away from the tail end, the aperture is 8mm, and the air communication holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference and correspond to the air communication holes on the inner-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103. The primary air passage 109 communicates with the secondary air passage 111 through an air communication hole.
The middle layer oil-gas separation sleeve 104 is provided with 4 gas communication holes at the position 28mm away from the tail end, the aperture is 4mm, and the gas communication holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference. The tail end of the middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve 104 is of a curved surface closed structure. The middle oil-gas separation sleeve 104 and the outer oil-gas separation sleeve 105 are overlapped in axis and are connected by adopting a welding technology.
The outer oil-gas separation sleeve 105 is of a circular tube structure with a convergence opening, the convergence angle is 40-60 degrees, preferably 50 degrees, the length is 32-52 mm, preferably 42mm, the inner diameter is 18-22 mm, preferably 20mm, and the outer diameter is 20-24 mm, preferably 22mm. The outer oil and gas separation sleeve 105 is made of 310S stainless steel or a high temperature resistant alloy, preferably a nickel-based superalloy. The gas communication hole 108 in the outer oil and gas separation sleeve 105 has a hole position and a size identical to those of the middle oil and gas separation sleeve 104, so that the secondary oil passage 110 and the primary oil passage 112 are communicated. The tail end of the outer oil-gas separation sleeve 105 is of a curved surface closed structure. The outer oil-gas separation sleeve 105 is overlapped with the axis of the nozzle shell 106, and the two are connected by adopting a welding technology.
The shell 106 is of a circular tube structure with a convergence opening, the convergence angle is 50-70 degrees, preferably 60 degrees, the length is 34-54 mm, preferably 44mm, the inner diameter is 21-25 mm, preferably 23mm, and the outer diameter is 23-27 mm, preferably 25mm. The nozzle housing 106 is made of 310S stainless steel or a high temperature alloy, preferably a nickel-based superalloy. The tail end of the shell 106 is a curved surface closed structure.
In this embodiment, the outer wall of the housing 106 is connected with a support arm 2, and the air path 4 and the oil path 3 are opened on the support arm; the air passage communicates with the air passage 4 through an air communication hole 107, and the oil passage communicates with the oil passage 3 through a fuel gas communication hole 108. The air passage 4 and the oil passage 3 are arranged on the supporting arm 2, and the supporting arm 2 is connected with the outer wall of the shell 106. More specifically, the included angle between the axis of the nozzle body 1 and the central line of the supporting arm 2 is 70-110 degrees, preferably 90 degrees, and the nozzle body and the central line are connected by adopting a welding technology. The support arm 2 is of a rectangular structure, the length is 100-300 mm, preferably 200mm, the section is 20-40 mm multiplied by 10-30 mm, preferably 30mm multiplied by 20mm, and 310S stainless steel or high-temperature resistant alloy, preferably high-temperature resistant alloy is adopted. The oil way 3 and the air way 4 are through holes inside the support arm 2, are distributed back and forth along the axis direction of the nozzle, the oil way 3 is in front, the air way 4 is behind, the inner diameter of the oil way 3 is 4-8 mm, preferably 6mm, and the inner diameter of the air way 4 is 8-12 mm, preferably 10mm. For convenient connection and installation, the rear end of the supporting arm 2 is provided with a mounting seat 5.
The shell 106 is provided with 1 round hole at a position 15mm away from the tail end, and the aperture is 8mm. The air communication hole 107 communicates with the air passage 4 through a circular hole. The air communication hole 107 and the gas communication hole 108 are radially opened along the casing 106 and the oil-gas separation sleeve, and in order to separate the oil passage and the air passage in the nozzle body 1, the air communication hole 107 is opened through the air passage, and is closed through the oil passage. The shell 106 is provided with 1 round hole at a position 28mm away from the tail end, the aperture is 4mm, and the shell is vertically upwards along the symmetrical section. The fuel gas communication hole 108 communicates with the oil passage 3 through the circular hole. The fuel gas communication hole 108 is open through the oil passage and closed through the air passage.
In the invention, the rod-shaped electrodes 101 in the electrode group are uniformly arranged along the circumference; the rod-shaped electrode assembly comprises a rod-shaped electrode 101, and is characterized by further comprising an insulating sleeve 102 which is cylindrical and has a convergent opening at the front end, wherein a plurality of axial mounting holes are formed in the insulating sleeve 102, the rod-shaped electrode 101 is inserted into each mounting hole, and the front end of the rod-shaped electrode 101 extends out of the insulating sleeve 102. By circumferentially uniform arrangement is meant that if the electrode set comprises three rod-shaped electrodes 101, the axes of the three rod-shaped electrodes 101 are located on a circumference centered on the axis of the nozzle body 1, and the central angles are all 120 °. In case of four rod electrodes 101, the central angle is 90 ° and so on. The uniform arrangement of the rod-shaped electrodes 101 can make the generated sliding arc plasma action area more uniform, and improve the cracking effect.
In this embodiment, the rod electrode 101 is made of 310S stainless steel or a high temperature alloy, preferably a nickel-based superalloy. The rod-shaped electrode 101 is of a cylindrical structure, and has a length of 40-60 mm, preferably 50mm, and a diameter of 1-4 mm, preferably 2mm. The axis of the rod-shaped electrode 101 is parallel to the axis of the insulating sleeve 102, and the distance between the center of the rod-shaped electrode 101 and the center of the insulating sleeve 102 is 1-4 mm, preferably 2mm. The rear end of the rod-shaped electrode 101 is provided with a binding post 6 extending out of the shell 106, and the binding post 6 is used for being connected with a voltage dividing module. The binding post 6 is a convergent elongated round table, the length of the binding post is 10-20 mm, preferably 15mm, a metal electrode is arranged inside the binding post, 310S stainless steel or high-temperature resistant alloy, preferably nickel-based high-temperature alloy is adopted, the metal electrode is connected with the rod-shaped electrode 101, and high-temperature resistant ceramic insulating materials are arranged outside the binding post, preferably 95 high-alumina ceramic.
The insulation sleeve 102 is of a cylindrical structure with a head convergence angle, the convergence angle is 30-50 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, the length is 40-60 mm, preferably 50mm, the diameter is 8-12 mm, and preferably 10mm. The insulating sleeve 102 is internally provided with mounting holes, and the size and the position of the mounting holes are determined according to the rod-shaped electrodes 101. The rod-shaped electrodes 101 can be connected by a welding technique after being inserted into the mounting holes. The insulating sleeve 102 is made of a high-temperature resistant ceramic insulating material, preferably 95 high-alumina ceramic. The insulating sleeve 102 and the inner oil-gas separation sleeve 103 are overlapped in axis and are connected by adopting a welding technology.
To increase the rigidity of the outlet air flow, promote breaking and atomizing of the fuel liquid film, a cyclone (not shown) may be added to the air passage (primary air passage 109) between the inner layer oil-gas separation sleeve 103 and the insulating sleeve member 102, so that the air flow is swirled.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-channel discharge module 7 in the present invention includes several voltage dividing modules arranged in parallel, each of which includes a voltage dividing resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel. The instantaneous high voltage breakdown of a plurality of discharge gaps is ensured, and stable discharge of a plurality of arc channels can be realized. The power supply 8 turns on the momentary capacitances (C1, C2 … Cn) corresponding to the paths, and the high voltage from the high voltage terminal is first applied to both ends of all the discharge electrodes. After electrode breakdown, stable discharge starts, and the capacitor is disconnected. Due to the existence of the voltage dividing resistors (R1, R2 and … Rn), short circuit is not formed after electrode breakdown, so that a plurality of channels are maintained and discharge is stable. In this embodiment, the resistance of the voltage dividing resistor is 2 to 10Ω, preferably 5Ω, and the capacitance is 50pF to 5nf, preferably 100pF.
The invention provides a multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle, which integrates a sliding arc plasma excitation device with a fuel nozzle, organizes a plurality of sliding arcs at the fuel nozzle, pretreats fuel by means of plasma and the like, cracks fuel macromolecules and generates micromolecular combustibles; realizes selective chemical reaction, changes chemical reaction chain in ignition and combustion process and improves chemical reaction rate. Meanwhile, the plasma discharge can release heat, so that the reaction rate of the combustion reaction is improved. The plasma plays a role in the fuel oil at the nozzle outlet, so that atomization and evaporation are promoted, the chemical reaction rate is improved, the ignition delay time is hopefully shortened, and the ignition and flameout boundary of the aeroengine under extreme conditions is widened.
In addition, the invention can effectively solve the problems of flameout and difficult re-ignition of the combustion chamber of the aeroengine under extreme conditions such as high altitude, high cold, high humidity, air intake distortion and the like. The multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle can realize multi-channel arc synchronous discharge, a large-area plasma action area is formed at the outlet of the fuel nozzle, and fuel is cracked to generate easy-to-burn micromolecular olefin; the electric arc forms a stable heat source at the outlet of the nozzle, plays a role of duty flame, and realizes reliable ignition and stable combustion of the combustion chamber; the fuel oil is rapidly crushed, atomized and evaporated under the combined action of the sliding arc plasma and the air flow, so that the local effective equivalent ratio is improved; the air flow in the nozzle also plays a role in cooling, so that the excessive temperature of the nozzle is prevented, the ablation of electrode materials and a metal shell is slowed down, and the service life of the nozzle is prolonged.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multichannel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle is characterized in that: comprises a cylindrical shell and an electrode group which is arranged inside the shell and is coaxial with the shell; the front end of the shell is opened and the rear end of the shell is closed; the electrode group comprises 2 or more rod-shaped electrodes; a plurality of oil-gas separation sleeves are coaxially nested in the shell, and the front end of each oil-gas separation sleeve is opened and the rear end of each oil-gas separation sleeve is closed; gaps are formed between the oil-gas separation sleeves and the shell, so that the interior of the shell is divided into a plurality of layered cavities, and the layered cavities are formed by arranging an air passage and an oil passage at intervals from inside to outside; all the air passages are communicated with each other, all the oil passages are communicated with each other, the air passages are connected with the air circuit, and the oil passages are connected with the oil circuit; the multi-channel discharging module is connected with the high-voltage end of the power supply; the low-voltage end of the power supply is connected with the shell; the multichannel discharge module comprises a plurality of voltage division modules, and the voltage division modules are connected with the rod-shaped electrodes one by one.
2. A multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as defined in claim 1, wherein: the oil-gas separation sleeve is three, and is an inner oil-gas separation sleeve, an intermediate oil-gas separation sleeve and an outer oil-gas separation sleeve in sequence from inside to outside, so that the inside of the shell is divided into a primary air passage, a secondary oil passage, a secondary air passage and a main oil passage from inside to outside.
3. A multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as claimed in claim 2, wherein: an air communication hole for communicating a primary air passage and a secondary air passage is formed in the inner-layer oil-gas separation sleeve and the middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve near the tail end; the middle-layer oil-gas separation sleeve and the outer-layer oil-gas separation sleeve are provided with a fuel gas communication hole which is used for communicating the auxiliary oil passage and the main oil passage at the position close to the tail end.
4. A multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the outer wall of the shell is connected with a supporting arm, and the air path and the oil path are arranged on the supporting arm; the air passage communicates with the air passage using an air communication hole, and the oil passage communicates with the oil passage using a fuel communication hole.
5. The multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the air communication hole and the fuel gas communication hole are radially formed along the shell and the oil-gas separation sleeve; the air communication hole is opened through the air passage and is closed through the oil passage; the fuel gas communication hole is opened through the oil passage and closed through the air passage.
6. A multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as defined in claim 1, wherein: the shell is cylindrical, the front end of the shell is provided with a convergence opening, the tail end of the shell is of a curved surface closed structure, and the convergence angle of the convergence opening is 50-70 degrees; the oil-gas separation sleeve is cylindrical with a convergence opening, the tail end of the oil-gas separation sleeve is of a curved surface closed structure, the convergence angle of the convergence opening is 20-60 degrees, and the convergence angle of the oil-gas separation sleeve and the convergence opening of the shell from inside to outside are gradually increased.
7. A multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as defined in claim 1, wherein: the converging port of the oil-gas separation sleeve and the shell from inside to outside is gradually longer than the front end of the rod-shaped electrode.
8. A multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rod-shaped electrodes in the electrode group are uniformly arranged along the circumference; the rod-shaped electrode is inserted into the mounting hole, and the front end of the rod-shaped electrode extends out of the insulating sleeve.
9. The multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as claimed in claim 8, wherein: and a cyclone is arranged between the insulating sleeve and the oil-gas separation sleeve.
10. A multi-channel discharge plasma fuel cracking pneumatic nozzle as defined in claim 1, wherein: the voltage dividing modules are connected in parallel, and each voltage dividing module comprises a voltage dividing resistor and a capacitor which are connected in parallel.
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