CN117553018A - Multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit - Google Patents
Multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117553018A CN117553018A CN202311397037.8A CN202311397037A CN117553018A CN 117553018 A CN117553018 A CN 117553018A CN 202311397037 A CN202311397037 A CN 202311397037A CN 117553018 A CN117553018 A CN 117553018A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- low
- compressor
- turbine
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
- F04D25/045—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit which comprises at least two stages of air compressors and a heat exchanger, wherein each stage of air compressor comprises an air compressor, a motor and a turbine, the output end of the motor and the output end of the turbine are connected with the air compressors, an air source is communicated with the inlets of the multistage air compressors, the multistage air compressors are connected in series, a valve for cutting off the communication is arranged between at least part of adjacent two stages of air compressors, the outlet of the last stage of air compressor is connected with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger, compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger and then is input into a downstream device, and the exhaust outlet of the downstream device is communicated with at least one turbine so that discharged exhaust gas enters the turbine to expand and do work. The multistage serial air compressors are adopted to realize higher compressor pressure ratio and turbine expansion ratio, meet the use requirements of high altitude and high pressure ratio, realize the multi-load operation requirements of different altitudes, simultaneously meet the requirements of ground low load and high altitude high load, and realize the high-efficiency operation of all working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of air compressors, in particular to a multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of high efficiency and cleanness, and has become a popular technology in the field of energy power. In succession to the wide application of the land transportation industry, aviation fuel cell engines are becoming industry research hotspots. The cruising altitude of a typical aircraft is close to ten thousand meters, and there is a high demand for altitude adaptation of the fuel cell engine in order to ensure reliable operation.
For fuel cell systems, the amount of air and absolute pressure entering the stack are key parameters affecting the stack operating state and output power, and in order to maintain the same stack output power at different altitudes, the absolute pressure and air volume at the stack inlet should be maintained consistent. Therefore, the air compressor needs to operate under the working condition of high-low pressure ratio at the same time, and particularly, the pressure ratio requirement of aviation application is generally as high as 10, and high requirements are put on the design of an air supply system. A single-stage or two-stage compression air compressor used in a typical automotive fuel cell system cannot meet the altitude requirements of aviation applications. In addition, the power consumption of the air compressor increases rapidly with an increase in the pressure ratio, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the fuel cell system. Therefore, the air compressor with high design efficiency and high altitude adaptability has important significance for the aviation fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made based on the findings and knowledge of the inventors regarding the following facts and problems:
the fuel cell air compressor in the related art is generally driven by a motor, the pressure ratio requirement of up to 10 cannot be realized by increasing the power of the motor and the size of the air compressor, and the low-load ground operation and the high-load high-altitude cruising condition cannot be simultaneously realized. Aiming at the problems, a scheme of serial operation of the multi-stage air compressor is proposed in the related art to improve the pressure ratio of the air compressor, for example, a scheme of three-stage compression is adopted to realize high-pressure ratio operation, and meanwhile, a single-stage turbine is used for recycling the energy of the stack exhaust gas, so that the power consumption of the air compressor is reduced. However, single-stage turbines cannot achieve efficient operation at different altitudes, and therefore the system cannot achieve energy recovery in full operating conditions, affecting system efficiency.
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, an embodiment of the invention proposes a multistage series-connected energy recovery air compressor unit.
The multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit of the embodiment of the invention comprises: the air compressors of at least two stages comprise compressors, motors and turbines, the output ends of the motors and the output ends of the turbines are connected with the compressors, an air source is communicated with inlets of the compressors of multiple stages, the compressors of multiple stages are connected in series, and a valve for cutting off the communication is arranged between at least part of the compressors of the adjacent two stages; and the outlet of the last-stage compressor is connected with the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger, compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger and then is input into a downstream device, and the exhaust outlet of the downstream device is communicated with at least one turbine so that the discharged exhaust gas enters the turbine to expand and do work.
The multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit comprises multistage air compressors, wherein each stage of air compressor adopts a turbine and a motor to drive the air compressors simultaneously, the turbine can recover waste gas energy, the power consumption of the air compressor unit is reduced, the overall efficiency of the air compressor unit is improved, and the efficiency of a fuel cell system can be improved when the multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit is applied to the fuel cell system. The multistage serial air compressors are adopted to realize higher compressor pressure ratio and turbine expansion ratio, meet the use requirements of high altitude and high pressure ratio, flexibly select the number of operating air compressor stages, realize the multi-load operation requirements of different altitudes, simultaneously meet the requirements of ground low load and high altitude high load, and realize the efficient operation under all working conditions.
Therefore, the multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit provided by the embodiment of the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency and strong altitude adaptability.
In some embodiments, the outlet of the turbine communicated with the exhaust gas outlet is communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the low-temperature gas after expansion work enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with compressed air.
In some embodiments, the turbines of the plurality of stages are connected in series, and in adjacent two-stage turbines, the outlet of the turbine of the lower stage is in communication with the inlet of the turbine of the upper stage, and the heat exchanger is connected between the adjacent two-stage turbines.
In some embodiments, in adjacent two-stage compressors, the outlet of the upper stage compressor is in communication with the inlet of the lower stage compressor, and the energy recovery air compressor train includes at least one intercooler connected in series between the two stages of compressors connected for cooling the compressed air.
In some embodiments, the air compressor comprises a low-pressure-stage air compressor and a high-pressure-stage air compressor, the low-pressure-stage air compressor comprises a low-pressure compressor, a low-pressure-stage motor and a low-pressure turbine, the output end of the low-pressure-stage motor and the output end of the low-pressure turbine are connected with the low-pressure compressor, the high-pressure-stage air compressor comprises a high-pressure compressor, a high-pressure-stage motor and a high-pressure turbine, the output end of the high-pressure-stage motor and the output end of the high-pressure turbine are connected with the high-pressure compressor, the outlet of the low-pressure compressor is communicated with the inlet of the high-pressure compressor, a low-pressure compressor outlet valve is arranged on a connecting pipe between the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor, the outlet of the high-pressure compressor is connected with the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the exhaust outlet of the downstream device is communicated with the high-pressure turbine.
In some embodiments, the outlet of the high pressure turbine communicates with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger communicates with the inlet of the low pressure turbine.
In some embodiments, the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is also in communication with one end of the low pressure turbine bypass line, the other end of the low pressure turbine bypass line is vented, and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is selectively in communication with the low pressure turbine or the low pressure turbine bypass line.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage series energy recovery air compressor package further comprises: the intercooler is connected in series between the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor and used for cooling compressed air output by the low-pressure compressor; and/or a filter, an outlet of the air source being in communication with the filter, an outlet of the filter being in communication with an inlet of each of the low pressure compressor and the high pressure compressor.
In some embodiments, at least one of the low pressure turbine and the high pressure turbine is a variable geometry turbine.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage series energy recovery air compressor package further includes a motor cooling air line having one end in communication with the outlet of the air source and the other end in communication with the cooling inlet of the motor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a multi-stage series energy recovery air compressor package according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a multi-stage series energy recovery air compressor package according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the air conditioner comprises a filter 1, a compressor 2, a low-pressure compressor 2a, a high-pressure compressor 2b, a motor 3, a low-pressure stage motor 3a, a high-pressure stage motor 3b, a turbine 4, a low-pressure turbine 4a, a high-pressure turbine 4b, an intercooler 5, a heat exchanger 6, a fuel cell stack 7, an air inlet bypass pipeline 8, an inlet bypass valve 81, a low-pressure compressor outlet valve 9, a low-pressure turbine bypass pipeline 10, a low-pressure turbine bypass valve 101 and a motor cooling air pipeline 11.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multi-stage serial energy recovery air compressor set provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: the air compressor comprises at least two stages of air compressors and a heat exchanger 6, wherein each stage of air compressor comprises a compressor 2, a motor 3 and a turbine 4, and the output end of the motor 3 and the output end of the turbine 4 are connected with the compressors 2 and used for driving the compressors 2 to compress air. The air source is communicated with the inlets of the multistage compressors 2, the multistage compressors 2 are connected in series, namely in the two adjacent stages of compressors 2, the outlet of the upper stage of compressor 2 is communicated with the inlet of the lower stage of compressor 2, compressed air compressed by the upper stage of compressor 2 enters the lower stage of compressor 2 for further compression, a valve for cutting off the communication is arranged between at least part of the two adjacent stages of compressors 2, and under some working conditions, the valve is closed, and the compressor 2 positioned upstream of the valve is stopped for use.
The heat exchanger 6 has a hot side and a cold side, and exchanges heat between a medium flowing on the hot side and a medium flowing on the cold side, and the medium temperature on the hot side is lowered to be cooled and the medium temperature on the cold side is raised to be heated. The outlet of the final-stage compressor 2 is connected with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 6, compressed air enters the hot side of the heat exchanger 6, is cooled by the heat exchanger 6 and then enters a downstream device, and reacts, and the exhaust gas outlet of the downstream device is communicated with at least one turbine 4, so that the discharged redundant exhaust gas enters a turbine 7 communicated with the turbine for expansion work.
The following is an example of the application of the multi-stage serial-type energy recovery air compressor set to a fuel cell system. In the embodiment of the present invention, the downstream device is a fuel cell stack 7, and the air compressor unit is used for providing compressed air required for the reaction to the fuel cell stack 7, where the air and hydrogen react. The exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell stack 7 is communicated with at least one turbine 4, and the redundant air and water vapor discharged from the exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell stack 7 enter the turbine 7 communicated with the exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell stack 7 to do expansion work.
Because the air source is communicated with the inlets of the multistage compressors 2, air can be selectively introduced into any one of the compressors 2, and the valve at the upstream of the compressor 2 directly connected with the air source is closed, so that the rest of the compressors 2 at the upstream of the compressors 2 are stopped, air is compressed by the compressors 2 and then flows to the downstream compressors 2, compressed air discharged by the compressor 2 at the last stage enters the hot side of the heat exchanger 6, and the cooled compressed air enters the fuel cell stack 7 to participate in the reaction. The air compression stage number is adjusted by changing the position of the air compressor 2 directly connected with air, and the pressure ratio is changed. When the fuel cell is in high-load operation, the number of the operating compressors 2 is increased, the air pressure ratio is increased, the air compressor unit is operated under the working condition of high pressure ratio, and when the fuel cell is in low-load operation, the number of the operating compressors 2 is reduced, the air pressure ratio is reduced, and the air compressor unit is operated under the working condition of low pressure ratio.
The multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit comprises multistage air compressors, wherein each stage of air compressor adopts a turbine and a motor to drive the air compressors simultaneously, the turbine can recover waste gas energy, the power consumption of the air compressor unit is reduced, the overall efficiency of the air compressor unit is improved, and the efficiency of a fuel cell system can be improved when the multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit is applied to the fuel cell system. The multistage serial air compressors are adopted to realize higher compressor pressure ratio and turbine expansion ratio, meet the use requirements of high altitude and high pressure ratio, flexibly select the number of operating air compressor stages, realize the multi-load operation requirements of different altitudes, simultaneously meet the requirements of ground low load and high altitude high load, and realize the efficient operation under all working conditions.
Therefore, the multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit provided by the embodiment of the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency and strong altitude adaptability.
In some embodiments, the outlet of the turbine 4, which is communicated with the outlet of the fuel cell stack 7, is communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 6, the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 7 enters the turbine 4 to expand and do work, the low-temperature gas after expansion enters the cold side of the heat exchanger 6 to exchange heat with the high-temperature compressed air at the hot side, so that the temperature of the compressed air is reduced, and meanwhile, the temperature of the exhaust gas is increased, the cold energy in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 7 is fully utilized, and the compressed air before entering the fuel cell stack 7 is cooled by utilizing the cold energy to meet the temperature requirement of the compressed air of the fuel cell stack 7.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage turbines 4 are connected in series, in the adjacent two-stage turbines 4, the outlet of the lower-stage turbine 4 is communicated with the inlet of the upper-stage turbine 4, and after the exhaust gas expands in the lower-stage turbine 4 to do work, the exhaust gas enters the upper-stage turbine 4 to do work continuously, and finally the exhaust gas can be discharged into the atmosphere. The heat exchanger 6 is connected between the adjacent two-stage turbines 4, and the low-temperature exhaust gas enters the heat exchanger 6 to exchange heat with the high-temperature compressed air before entering the upper-stage turbine 4 so as to reduce the temperature of the compressed air.
The exhaust gas is expanded and acted and then the pressure is reduced, so that in the adjacent two-stage turbine 4, there are a high-pressure turbine with relatively high pressure and a low-pressure turbine with relatively low pressure, wherein the high-pressure turbine is positioned at the lower stage of the low-pressure turbine, namely the high-pressure turbine is the lower-stage turbine 4 in the adjacent two-stage turbine 4, the low-pressure turbine is the upper-stage turbine 4 in the adjacent two-stage turbine 4, the exhaust gas firstly enters the high-pressure turbine, and after the expansion and acting in the high-pressure turbine, the exhaust gas enters the low-pressure turbine for further expansion and acting, thereby fully recovering the energy of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack, further reducing the power consumption of the air compressor unit, improving the overall efficiency of the air compressor unit and further improving the efficiency of the fuel cell system.
The heat exchanger 6 is connected between the two adjacent turbines 4, and the temperature of the waste gas passing through the heat exchanger 6 is increased, so that the recovery work of the low-pressure turbine is improved, the efficiency of the unit is improved, meanwhile, the icing phenomenon of the outlet of the low-pressure turbine is avoided, the reliability of the unit is improved, and the air compressor unit is particularly suitable for high-altitude low-temperature working conditions, and the air compressor unit can be applied in the field of aviation effectively and reliably.
As an example, as shown in fig. 1, the heat exchanger 6 is connected between two adjacent turbines 4. In other embodiments, the air compressor package comprises a greater number of turbines 4 than two, for example, the air compressor package comprises three turbines 4, and the heat exchanger 6 may be connected between any adjacent two turbines 4, preferably between the last two turbines 4.
In some embodiments, in the two adjacent stages of compressors 2, the outlet of the upper stage of compressors 2 is communicated with the inlet of the lower stage of compressors 2, the energy recovery air compressor unit comprises at least one intercooler 5, and the intercooler 5 is connected in series between the two stages of compressors 2 and is used for cooling compressed air, and the temperature of the compressed air is reduced so as to reduce the compression work of the lower stage of compressors 2 and improve the efficiency of the air compressor unit.
The air is compressed by the compressors 2 and then the pressure is increased, so that in the two adjacent stages of compressors 2, there are a high-pressure compressor with relatively higher pressure and a low-pressure compressor with relatively lower pressure, wherein the high-pressure compressor is positioned at the lower stage of the low-pressure compressor, namely, the high-pressure compressor is the lower-stage compressor 2 in the two adjacent stages of compressors 2, the low-pressure compressor is the upper-stage compressor 2 in the two adjacent stages of compressors 2, the air firstly enters the low-pressure compressor, is compressed by the low-pressure compressor and then enters the high-pressure compressor for further compression, and is cooled by the intercooler 5 before entering the high-pressure compressor to reduce the temperature of the compressed air, the setting of the intercooler 5 is helpful for reducing the compression work of the high-pressure compressor,
the following describes a multi-stage serial energy recovery air compressor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention according to fig. 1, wherein the energy recovery air compressor unit is a two-stage serial energy recovery air compressor unit, and includes a two-stage air compressor and a heat exchanger 6, the two-stage air compressor is a low-pressure-stage air compressor and a high-pressure-stage air compressor, the low-pressure-stage air compressor is an upper-stage air compressor, and the high-pressure-stage air compressor is a lower-stage air compressor.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-pressure stage air compressor comprises a low-pressure compressor 2a, a low-pressure stage motor 3a and a low-pressure turbine 4a, wherein the output end of the low-pressure stage motor 3a and the output end of the low-pressure turbine 4a are connected with the low-pressure compressor 2a, and the low-pressure stage motor 3a and the low-pressure turbine 4a are jointly used for driving the low-pressure compressor 2a to operate. Specifically, one end of the output shaft of the low-pressure stage motor 3a is connected to the low-pressure compressor 2a, and the other end is connected to the low-pressure turbine 4a, and the low-pressure turbine 4a drives the low-pressure compressor 2a to operate through the output shaft of the low-pressure stage motor 3 a.
The high-pressure-stage air compressor comprises a high-pressure compressor 2b, a high-pressure-stage motor 3b and a high-pressure turbine 4b, wherein the output end of the high-pressure-stage motor 3b and the output end of the high-pressure turbine 4b are connected with the high-pressure compressor 2b, and the high-pressure-stage motor 3b and the high-pressure turbine 4b are jointly used for driving the high-pressure compressor 2b to operate. Specifically, one end of the output shaft of the high-pressure stage motor 3b is connected to the high-pressure compressor 2b, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure turbine 4b, and the high-pressure turbine 4b drives the high-pressure compressor 2b to operate through the output shaft of the high-pressure stage motor 3 b.
The low-pressure turbine 4a and the low-pressure compressor 2a are coaxially connected, and the high-pressure turbine 4b and the high-pressure compressor 2b are coaxially connected, so that the exhaust energy recovered by the turbine 4 can be directly utilized to drive the compressor 2, the power consumption of the two-stage air compressor is reduced, and the overall efficiency of the unit is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy recovery air compressor unit includes an intercooler 5 and a filter 1, an outlet of an air source (atmosphere) communicates with the filter 1, an outlet of the filter 1 communicates with an inlet of each of the low pressure compressor 2a and the high pressure compressor 2b, and the filter 1 is used to filter air. Specifically, the filter 1 is disposed adjacent to the low-pressure compressor 2a and is connected to the high-pressure compressor 2b through an intake bypass line 8, and the intake bypass line 8 is provided with an intake bypass valve 81 for controlling the circulation of air. The outlet of the low pressure compressor 2a communicates with the inlet of the high pressure compressor 2 b. The connecting pipeline between the low-pressure compressor 2a and the high-pressure compressor 2b is provided with a low-pressure compressor outlet valve 9. Under the working condition of high pressure ratio, the inlet bypass valve 81 is closed, the low pressure compressor outlet valve 9 is opened, air enters the low pressure compressor 2a through the filter 1, and enters the high pressure compressor 2b for further compression after being output from the low pressure compressor 2 a; under the low pressure ratio working condition, the inlet bypass valve 81 is opened, the low pressure compressor outlet valve 9 is closed, and air enters the high pressure compressor 2b through the filter 1 and directly enters the high pressure compressor 2b for compression.
The intercooler 5 is connected in series between the low-pressure compressor 2a and the high-pressure compressor 2b, and can cool the compressed air output by the low-pressure compressor 2a by using low-temperature air in the environment, so that the compression work of the high-pressure compressor is reduced, and the efficiency of the unit is improved. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the low-pressure compressor outlet valve 9 is located downstream of the intercooler 5.
The outlet of the high-pressure compressor 2b is connected to the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger 6, and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 7 is connected to the high-pressure turbine 4 b. The outlet of the high-pressure turbine 4b is communicated with the cold-side inlet of the heat exchanger 6, and the cold-side outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure turbine 4a, so that the waste gas subjected to heat exchange enters the low-pressure turbine 4a to further expand and do work.
The exhaust gas of the high-pressure compressor 2b has higher temperature, the exhaust gas of the high-pressure turbine 4b has lower temperature, and the two are subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger 6, so that the temperature of the exhaust gas of the high-pressure turbine 4b is improved, the exhaust gas has more energy, the recovery work of the low-pressure turbine 4a is improved, the power consumption of a unit is further reduced, and the efficiency is improved. On the other hand, the temperature of the inlet of the low-pressure turbine 4a is increased, so that the temperature of the outlet of the low-pressure turbine 4a is also increased, the icing phenomenon of a high-altitude low-temperature environment is avoided, and the running reliability of the unit is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the multistage tandem energy recovery air compressor unit further includes a low-pressure turbine bypass line 10, the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is further communicated with one end of the low-pressure turbine bypass line 10, the other end of the low-pressure turbine bypass line 10 is emptied, and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is selectively communicated with the low-pressure turbine 4a or the low-pressure turbine bypass line 10. Under the working condition of high pressure ratio, the low-pressure air compressor operates, the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure turbine 4a, the waste gas after heat exchange enters the low-pressure turbine 4a for further expansion work, under the working condition of low pressure ratio, the low-pressure air compressor does not operate, the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the low-pressure turbine bypass pipeline 10, and the waste gas after heat exchange is emptied through the low-pressure turbine bypass pipeline 10. As shown in fig. 1, the low-pressure turbine bypass line 10 is provided with a low-pressure turbine bypass valve 101 for controlling the flow of gas.
The operation of the multistage tandem energy recovery air compressor package is described below by way of example based on fig. 1.
When the fuel cell system operates under high load, air passes through the filter 1 from the atmosphere and enters the low-pressure compressor 2a, the air is compressed in the low-pressure compressor 2a and then enters the intercooler 5 for cooling, and the cooled compressed air enters the high-pressure compressor 2b for further compression. The air after secondary compression is output from the high-pressure compressor 2b and then enters the heat exchanger 6 to be cooled, and the cooled compressed air enters the fuel cell stack 7 to undergo chemical reaction. The residual air after the reaction and part of the generated steam (exhaust gas) are discharged from the fuel cell stack 7 and enter the high-pressure turbine 4b to expand and do work. The low-temperature exhaust gas after expansion enters the heat exchanger 6 to exchange heat with the high-temperature compressed air flowing through the hot side, the temperature of the exhaust gas rises, then enters the low-pressure turbine 4a to further expand and do work, and finally the exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere from the outlet of the low-pressure turbine 4 a. Wherein the high-pressure turbine 4b and the high-pressure stage motor 3b drive the high-pressure compressor 2b together, and the low-pressure turbine 4a and the low-pressure stage motor 3a drive the low-pressure compressor 2a together.
At low load operation of the fuel cell system, the inlet bypass valve 81 is opened, the low pressure compressor outlet valve 9 is closed, and the low pressure turbine bypass valve 101 is opened. Air directly enters the high-pressure compressor 2b from the outlet of the filter 1 through the air inlet bypass pipeline 8, and enters the fuel cell stack 7 through the heat exchanger 6 after being compressed. The exhaust gas from the fuel cell stack 7 enters the high-pressure turbine 4b, expands, passes through the heat exchanger 6, enters the low-pressure turbine bypass line 10, and is discharged to the atmosphere through the low-pressure turbine bypass line 10. At the moment, the low-pressure-level air compressor does not operate, and the high-pressure-level air compressor independently operates to supply air for the fuel cell stack 7, so that a single-stage compression operation scheme of the high-pressure-level air compressor is realized.
The embodiment adopts the two-stage series energy recovery air compressor unit, can realize higher compressor pressure ratio and turbine expansion ratio, and meets the use requirements of high altitude and high pressure ratio; the turbine and the motor are used for driving the air compressor simultaneously, so that the energy of the waste gas of the electric pile is recovered, the power consumption of the two-stage air compressor is reduced, the overall efficiency of the unit is improved, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved; the air inlet bypass pipeline is arranged, so that two schemes of single-stage air compressor operation and two-stage air compressor serial operation can be flexibly selected, the requirements of ground low load and high altitude high load are met, and the high-efficiency operation under all working conditions is realized; the intercooler and the heat exchanger can help to reduce the compression work of the high-pressure compressor, improve the recovery work of the low-pressure turbine, improve the efficiency of the unit, avoid the icing phenomenon of the outlet of the low-pressure turbine, and improve the reliability of the unit.
Further, in some embodiments, the motor 3 adopts an air cooling scheme, the energy recovery air compressor unit further includes a motor cooling air pipeline 11, one end of the motor cooling air pipeline 11 is communicated with an outlet of an air source, the other end of the motor cooling air pipeline is communicated with a cooling inlet of the motor 3, and the motor cooling air pipeline 11 is used for introducing air to cool the motor 3.
As an example, as shown in fig. 2, the low-voltage motor 3a and the high-voltage motor 3b both adopt an air cooling scheme, a cooling air pipeline is arranged in the unit, one end of the motor cooling air pipeline 11 is connected with the outlet of the filter 1, the other end is connected with the cooling inlet of the low-voltage motor 3a, the cooling outlet of the low-voltage motor 3a is communicated with the cooling inlet of the high-voltage motor 3b, and air enters the high-voltage motor 3b for cooling after the low-voltage motor 3a is cooled, and finally is discharged into the atmosphere.
In some embodiments, at least one of the low-pressure turbine 4a and the high-pressure turbine 4b is a variable geometry turbine, so that the high-low load operation state of the system can be flexibly adapted, the waste gas energy recovery efficiency is improved, and the overall power consumption of the unit is reduced.
In some alternative embodiments, the low-pressure turbine 4a is a fixed geometry turbine, the high-pressure turbine 4b is a variable geometry turbine, and when the high-pressure air compressor operates independently under the low-load working condition, different operating points of the fuel cell stack can be flexibly adapted by adjusting the geometry of the high-pressure turbine 4 b. During high load operation, the high pressure turbine 4b in combination with the fixed geometry low pressure turbine 4a together achieve high expansion ratio operation.
In other alternative embodiments, the low pressure turbine 4a is a variable geometry turbine, the high pressure turbine 4b is a fixed geometry turbine, and the high pressure turbine 4b is fixed geometry operated independently for fuel cell system control when the low load condition high pressure stage air compressor is operated independently. During high load operation, the high pressure turbine 4b operates in combination with the variable geometry low pressure turbine 4a to flexibly accommodate different operating points.
In other alternative embodiments, the low-pressure turbine 4a and the high-pressure turbine 4b are both variable geometry turbines, and when the low-load working condition and the high-pressure air compressor are independently operated, different operating points of the fuel cell stack can be flexibly adapted by adjusting the geometry of the high-pressure turbine 4 b. In high-load operation, the variable geometry high-pressure turbine 4b is combined with the variable geometry low-pressure turbine 4a to operate together, so that different operating points can be flexibly adapted.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multistage tandem energy recovery air compressor unit, comprising:
the air compressors of at least two stages comprise compressors, motors and turbines, the output ends of the motors and the output ends of the turbines are connected with the compressors, an air source is communicated with inlets of the compressors of multiple stages, the compressors of multiple stages are connected in series, and a valve for cutting off the communication is arranged between at least part of the compressors of the adjacent two stages;
and the outlet of the last-stage compressor is connected with the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger, compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger and then is input into a downstream device, and the exhaust outlet of the downstream device is communicated with at least one turbine so that the discharged exhaust gas enters the turbine to expand and do work.
2. The multistage tandem type energy recovery air compressor unit of claim 1, wherein an outlet of the turbine communicated with the exhaust gas outlet is communicated with a cold side inlet of the heat exchanger, and low-temperature gas after expansion work enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with compressed air.
3. The multi-stage tandem energy recovery air compressor package of claim 2, wherein the turbines are connected in series, wherein in adjacent two stages, an outlet of a turbine of a lower stage is in communication with an inlet of a turbine of an upper stage, and the heat exchanger is connected between adjacent two stages.
4. A multistage tandem energy recovery air compressor package according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in adjacent two stages of compressors, the outlet of the upper stage compressor is in communication with the inlet of the lower stage compressor, the energy recovery air compressor package comprising at least one intercooler connected in series between the connected two stages of compressors for cooling the compressed air.
5. The multistage tandem type energy recovery air compressor set according to claim 1, wherein the air compressor comprises a low-pressure stage air compressor and a high-pressure stage air compressor, the low-pressure stage air compressor comprises a low-pressure compressor, a low-pressure stage motor and a low-pressure turbine, an output end of the low-pressure stage motor and an output end of the low-pressure turbine are connected with the low-pressure compressor, the high-pressure stage air compressor comprises a high-pressure compressor, a high-pressure stage motor and a high-pressure turbine, an output end of the high-pressure stage motor and an output end of the high-pressure turbine are connected with the high-pressure compressor, an outlet of the low-pressure compressor is communicated with an inlet of the high-pressure compressor, a low-pressure compressor outlet valve is arranged on a connecting pipe between the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor, an outlet of the high-pressure compressor is connected with a hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger, and an exhaust outlet of the downstream device is communicated with the high-pressure turbine.
6. The multi-stage series-connected energy recovery air compressor package of claim 5, wherein the outlet of the high pressure turbine is in communication with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is in communication with the inlet of the low pressure turbine.
7. The multi-stage series energy recovery air compressor package of claim 6, wherein the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is further in communication with one end of the low pressure turbine bypass line, the other end of the low pressure turbine bypass line is vented, and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is selectively in communication with either the low pressure turbine or the low pressure turbine bypass line.
8. The multi-stage tandem energy recovery air compressor package of claim 5, further comprising:
the intercooler is connected in series between the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor and used for cooling compressed air output by the low-pressure compressor; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
a filter, an outlet of the air source being in communication with the filter, an outlet of the filter being in communication with an inlet of each of the low pressure compressor and the high pressure compressor.
9. The multistage tandem type energy recovery air compressor package of claim 5, wherein,
at least one of the low pressure turbine and the high pressure turbine is a variable geometry turbine.
10. The multi-stage series-connected energy recovery air compressor package of claim 1 or 5, further comprising a motor cooling air line having one end in communication with the outlet of the air source and another end in communication with the cooling inlet of the motor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311397037.8A CN117553018A (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311397037.8A CN117553018A (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117553018A true CN117553018A (en) | 2024-02-13 |
Family
ID=89817604
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311397037.8A Pending CN117553018A (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117553018A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-10-25 CN CN202311397037.8A patent/CN117553018A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5537822A (en) | Compressed air energy storage method and system | |
| US6651421B2 (en) | Coleman regenerative engine with exhaust gas water extraction | |
| US11444295B2 (en) | Multi-stage turbocharging compressor for fuel cell systems | |
| EP2985224A1 (en) | Multi-port compressor manifold with integral bypass valve | |
| EP1628100A2 (en) | Cogeneration system and exhaust gas heat exchanger assembly thereof | |
| CN109167087B (en) | Fuel cell air management system | |
| US11254435B2 (en) | Supplemental pack driven by bleed air and cabin air | |
| CN110529422B (en) | Anti-surge control system of compressor | |
| CN111412126B (en) | Compressed air energy storage system and energy storage method | |
| US20030232231A1 (en) | Device and method for supplying air to a fuel cell | |
| US20190363381A1 (en) | Device For The Air Supply Of A Fuel Cell, Preferentially Of A Fuel Cell Operated With Hydrogen | |
| CN114122454A (en) | Fuel cell and air supply system thereof | |
| CN107701406A (en) | A kind of adiabatic compression air energy storage systems of tail gas backheat | |
| CN113090506B (en) | Combined cooling, heating and power system and method using compressed air as energy source | |
| GB2523669A (en) | Turbocharger device and fuel cell system with a turbocharger device | |
| CN117553018A (en) | Multistage serial energy recovery air compressor unit | |
| CN110793801A (en) | Hybrid indirect cooling compressor experiment system | |
| CN115539156A (en) | Natural gas station comprehensive energy system integrating constant-pressure compressed air energy storage | |
| CN114439563B (en) | Compressed air energy storage system and method for sliding pressure expansion | |
| US6653004B1 (en) | Process control for multiple air supplies | |
| CA2072269A1 (en) | Compressor assembly | |
| CN215062958U (en) | High-efficiency direct-current frequency-conversion cascade hot water unit | |
| CN214118515U (en) | Backflow system of multi-section series compressor for energy storage | |
| CN114370391A (en) | Supercritical compressed air energy storage system | |
| CN112228248A (en) | Combined circulating liquid rocket engine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |