CN117548477A - Sediment heavy metal pollution restoration method - Google Patents
Sediment heavy metal pollution restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117548477A CN117548477A CN202410045845.6A CN202410045845A CN117548477A CN 117548477 A CN117548477 A CN 117548477A CN 202410045845 A CN202410045845 A CN 202410045845A CN 117548477 A CN117548477 A CN 117548477A
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-WDSKDSINSA-N (2s)-2-[2-[[(1s)-1,2-dicarboxyethyl]amino]ethylamino]butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NCCN[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMWMWYBEJWFCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);trioxido(oxo)-$l^{5}-arsane Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O BMWMWYBEJWFCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing heavy metal pollution of sediment, which comprises the following steps: air-drying the collected sediment, ball-milling the sediment into particles with the diameter not more than 40 microns, and removing iron-containing particles in the particles by using a magnet rod; transferring the pretreated sediment to an electrolytic cell, adding water and acetic acid with a certain mass ratio, and removing heavy metals in the sediment by adopting an exchange electrode method; filtering the complete reactant after electrochemical deposition, air-drying the filtered solid blank, transferring to a roasting furnace, heating to 200-300 ℃, roasting for 0.5-1 hour, and crushing to prepare cooked soil; mixing the roasted cooked soil with compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2-1 to obtain artificial reduction soil, and finishing the restoration of heavy metal pollution sediments; the whole process has low cost, good repairing effect and high practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a sediment heavy metal pollution restoration method.
Background
A large amount of heavy metal fine particles generated by industrial activities are deposited in natural water along with the action of rainfall and water flow to form heavy metal deposits; these heavy metals often have complex occurrence forms and distribution in the nature, such as adsorption or adhesion with clay minerals, silica and carbonates to form complexes, and as the water environment changes (such as temperature and pH value), these adhering metals are dynamically released, which poses a continuous threat to the water environment.
At present, a repairing method aiming at sediment heavy metals in a water body mainly comprises the following steps: cover screen isolation, electrochemical deposition, chemical leaching, and biodegradation methods, cover screen isolation is susceptible to erosion by water flow, resulting in screen failure; the chemical leaching method has the highest removal efficiency, but the cost of the leacheate EDTA and EDDS is high, and the leacheate remained in the soil after the restoration can inhibit the biodegradation of plants and bacteria; the biodegradation method has slow restoration speed, the propagation of microorganisms is greatly influenced by objective environmental conditions, and each microorganism generally has the type of pollutant which is specifically degraded, and the plants enriched with the pollutants need to be further treated, otherwise, the pollutants are released into the environment again; the electrochemical deposition method can recover metals in the heavy metal solution and does not generate secondary pollution, so that the electrochemical deposition method is becoming a current hot research direction.
The disclosed patent CN109160645a uses carbon paper As a counter electrode, and applies voltage and current to promote reduction reaction of iron oxide and release fe2+, so As to realize rapid reduction of chromium element and high-efficiency precipitation and remove arsenic, and Cr (III) generated by reduction of Cr (VI) can be adsorbed and precipitation-immobilized on the surface of iron oxide by utilizing the adsorption capacity of iron oxide to heavy metal anions, as (III) can be oxidized into As (V) and form ferric arsenate precipitation, so that heavy metals in polluted water or soil can be directly recovered, however, the method is only limited to removal of chromium and arsenic element, and cannot well eliminate continuous threat of other heavy metals to soil; in addition, in the current process of removing heavy metals by electrochemical deposition, the heavy metal removal is seriously hindered by a focusing effect caused by hydroxide ions generated by catholyte electrolysis.
Aiming at the above situation, a method capable of efficiently removing heavy metals in sediments, causing no secondary pollution to soil and realizing soil remediation is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sediment heavy metal pollution restoration method, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:
a method of repairing a heavy metal contaminant of a deposit, the method comprising:
step 1, preprocessing sediment: and (3) air-drying the collected sediment, ball-milling the sediment into particles, and removing iron-containing particles in the particles by using a magnet rod, wherein the diameter of the particles is not more than 40 microns.
Step 2, removing heavy metals by electrochemical deposition: transferring the pretreated sediment to an electrolytic cell, adding water and acetic acid with a certain mass ratio, and removing heavy metals in the sediment by adopting an exchange electrode method.
Step 3, roasting and solidifying residual heavy metal residues to form cooked soil: filtering the complete reactant after electrochemical deposition, air drying the filtered solid blank, transferring to a roasting furnace, heating to 200-300 ℃, roasting for 0.5-1 hour, and crushing to prepare the cooked soil.
Step 4, mixing the cooked soil and the compost in proportion to complete repair: mixing the roasted cooked soil with compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2-1 to obtain artificial reduction soil, and repairing heavy metal pollution sediments.
Preferably, the heavy metals in the deposit include: copper, lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium.
Preferably, the exchange electrode method in the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
step 201, according to mass ratio 1: 2-5: and adding water and acetic acid in a proportion of 0.05-0.25, fully stirring to obtain a reactant, standing for 2-4 hours, and layering under suspension slurry.
Step 202, inserting a cathode electrode and an anode electrode into an electrode chamber of the electrolytic cell, connecting a direct current power supply, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm, and reacting for 12-24 hours.
And 203, fully stirring incomplete reactants in the electrolytic cell after the electrodes are taken out, carrying out standing layering, and then exchanging a cathode electrode and an anode electrode in an electrode chamber, connecting a direct current power supply, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm, and reacting for 12-24 hours.
And 204, repeating the reaction process of the step 202 and the step 203 for 4-8 times to finish the electrochemical deposition process.
Preferably, the cathode and anode electrodes inserted into the electrode chamber of the electrolytic cell are graphite electrodes.
Preferably, the mass ratio is 1:2: the pretreated sediment, water and acetic acid are added into an electrolytic cell according to the proportion of 0.25, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the reactant.
Preferably, the electrode chambers are positioned at two ends of the electrolytic cell, and a permeable reaction wall is arranged between the electrode chambers and the electrolytic cell, wherein the permeable reaction wall is prepared by mixing quartz sand, activated carbon and zero-valent iron according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1.
Preferably, in the step 3, the step of air-drying the filtered solid blank includes: and adding sodium carbonate powder into the filtered solid according to the mass ratio of 100-150:1, and uniformly mixing to prepare a green body.
Preferably, before the step 3, the method further includes: adding 2% chitosan solution into the complete reactant after electrochemical deposition according to the mass ratio of 10:1, fully stirring, and standing to form flocculent precipitate; the 2% chitosan solution is prepared from chitosan, acetic acid and water according to a mass ratio of 2:1:97.
Preferably, the obtained filtrate is reused after the complete reactant added into the chitosan solution is filtered; the secondary utilization is to fully mix the filtrate and the pretreated sediment according to the mass ratio of 2-5:1 and add the mixture into an electrolytic cell to obtain a new reactant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the electrochemical deposition process, the method for increasing the stirring times and rotating the cathode and anode electrodes is adopted, so that heavy metal particles in the deposited reactant are fully dissolved, the PH value of the reactant is always kept acidic and fluctuates in a smaller range, and the influence of the focusing effect on the effect of removing the heavy metal is prevented.
2. According to the invention, acetic acid is used as a PH value control agent, and sodium carbonate with a certain proportion is added into the solid filter residues remained after the electrochemical deposition is finished, so that the influence of acetic acid on the environment can be well eliminated; the invention also carries out blank making and roasting on the rest solid matters to solidify indissolvable heavy metal particles, and adds compost to reduce soil, thereby realizing the restoration of sediment heavy metal soil, having low cost, good restoration effect and strong practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for repairing heavy metal pollution of a sediment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of an exchange electrode method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for repairing heavy metal pollution of a sediment is provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, preprocessing sediment: and (3) air-drying the collected sediment, ball-milling the sediment into particles, and removing iron-containing particles in the particles by using a magnet rod, wherein the diameter of the particles is not more than 40 microns.
It should be noted that, the electrochemical deposition method adopted in this embodiment is matched with a permeable reactive barrier, and the iron-containing particles in the particulate matter are removed by using the magnet rod, so that the influence of excessive iron ions on the adsorption effect of the permeable reactive barrier in the subsequent electrochemical deposition process can be well eliminated, in addition, in the process of removing the particulate matter by using the magnet rod, at least part of other heavy metal particles are adsorbed along with the permeable reactive barrier, and heavy metals in the deposit include: copper, lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium.
Step 2, removing heavy metals by electrochemical deposition: transferring the pretreated sediment to an electrolytic cell, adding water and acetic acid with a certain mass ratio, and removing heavy metals in the sediment by adopting an exchange electrode method.
The exchange electrode method in the step 2 is shown in fig. 2, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 201, according to mass ratio 1: 2-5: and adding water and acetic acid in a proportion of 0.05-0.25, fully stirring to obtain a reactant, standing for 2-4 hours, and layering under suspension slurry.
In the experiment, according to the mass ratio of 1:2: a ratio of 0.25 is a preferred proportioning scheme for adding pretreated sediment, water and acetic acid to the electrolytic cell.
Step 202, inserting a cathode electrode and an anode electrode into an electrode chamber of the electrolytic cell, connecting a direct current power supply, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm, and reacting for 12-24 hours.
And 203, fully stirring incomplete reactants in the electrolytic cell after the electrodes are taken out, carrying out standing layering, and then exchanging a cathode electrode and an anode electrode in an electrode chamber, connecting a direct current power supply, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm, and reacting for 12-24 hours.
And 204, repeating the reaction process of the step 202 and the step 203 for 4-8 times to finish the electrochemical deposition process.
The cathode electrode and the anode electrode inserted into the electrode chamber of the electrolytic cell were graphite electrodes. The electrode chambers are positioned at two ends of the electrolytic cell, a permeable reaction wall is arranged between the electrode chambers and the electrolytic cell, and the permeable reaction wall is prepared by mixing quartz sand, activated carbon and zero-valent iron according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1.
Step 3, roasting and solidifying residual heavy metal residues to form cooked soil: filtering the complete reactant after electrochemical deposition, air drying the filtered solid blank, transferring to a roasting furnace, heating to 200-300 ℃, roasting for 0.5-1 hour, and crushing to prepare the clay.
In step 3, the step of air-drying the filtered solid material blank includes: adding sodium carbonate powder into the filtered solid according to the mass ratio of 100-150:1, and uniformly mixing to prepare a green body, wherein the green body is prepared by the reaction of sodium carbonate and acetic acid, and the reaction equation is that when the amount of acetic acid is insufficient:
CH 3 COOH+Na 2 CO 3 =NaHCO 3 +CH 3 COONa；
when the amount of acetic acid is sufficient, the reaction equation is:
2CH 3 COOH+Na 2 CO 3 =H 2 O+CO 2 ↑+2CH 3 COONa；
and CH (CH) 3 COONa is in a stable state at 340 ℃, harmful gas is not generated by decomposition, sediment soil after restoration containing sodium acetate, and after natural environment is restored, sodium acetate can continuously react residual or newly entered heavy metal ions in the soil, so that water-insoluble precipitation is caused, and the fixation of the heavy metal ions is realized.
In addition, before step 3, the method further comprises: adding 2% chitosan solution into the complete reactant after electrochemical deposition according to the mass ratio of 10:1, fully stirring, and standing to form flocculent precipitate; the 2% chitosan solution is prepared from chitosan, acetic acid and water according to a mass ratio of 2:1:97.
Step 4, mixing the cooked soil and the compost in proportion to complete repair: mixing the roasted cooked soil with compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2-1 to obtain artificial reduction soil, and repairing heavy metal pollution sediments.
In addition, after the complete reactant added with the chitosan solution is filtered, the obtained filtrate can be reused; the secondary utilization method is that the filtrate and the sediment after pretreatment are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 2-5:1 and added into an electrolytic cell to obtain a new reactant.
After the secondary use is finished, excessive sodium carbonate powder needs to be added into the filtrate to eliminate the influence of acetic acid on the pH value of the environment.
In the embodiment, heavy metal pollution sediment samples collected from water bodies near an industrial park are selected and divided into 4 experimental groups, and the content values of all heavy metals in the samples are respectively tested before and after the experiment.
Experiment group one: and (3) fully stirring 500g of sample, 1000g of water and 5g of acetic acid to obtain a reactant, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm to a direct current power supply, exchanging electrodes after the reaction time is 12 hours, repeating for 4 times, filtering and air-drying after the reaction is finished, and then testing the heavy metal content.
Experimental group two: and (3) fully stirring 500g of sample, 1000g of water and 25g of acetic acid to obtain a reactant, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm to a direct current power supply, exchanging electrodes after the reaction time is 24 hours, repeating for 4 times, filtering and air-drying after the reaction is finished, and then testing the heavy metal content.
Experimental group three: and (3) fully stirring 500g of sample, 2500g of water and 25g of acetic acid to obtain a reactant, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm to a direct current power supply, exchanging electrodes after the reaction time is 24 hours, repeating for 4 times, filtering and air-drying after the reaction is finished, and then testing the heavy metal content.
Experimental group four: and (3) fully stirring 500g of sample, 2000g of water and 20g of acetic acid to obtain a reactant, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm to a direct current power supply, exchanging electrodes after the reaction time is 24 hours, repeating for 4 times, filtering and air-drying after the reaction is finished, and then testing the heavy metal content.
Experimental data are as follows:
from the experimental results, it can be obtained that the effect of the method of the embodiment on removing heavy metals, especially on removing cadmium, can reach more than 90%.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for repairing heavy metal pollution of a sediment, the method comprising:
step 1, preprocessing sediment: air-drying the collected sediment, ball-milling the sediment into particles, and removing iron-containing particles in the particles by using a magnet rod, wherein the diameter of the particles is not more than 40 microns;
step 2, removing heavy metals by electrochemical deposition: transferring the pretreated sediment to an electrolytic cell, adding water and acetic acid with a certain mass ratio, and removing heavy metals in the sediment by adopting an exchange electrode method;
step 3, roasting and solidifying residual heavy metal residues to form cooked soil: filtering the complete reactant after electrochemical deposition, air-drying the filtered solid blank, transferring to a roasting furnace, heating to 200-300 ℃, roasting for 0.5-1 hour, and crushing to prepare cooked soil;
step 4, mixing the cooked soil and the compost in proportion to complete repair: mixing the roasted cooked soil with compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2-1 to obtain artificial reduction soil, and repairing heavy metal pollution sediments.
2. The method for repairing heavy metal pollution of a deposit according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metals in the deposit include: copper, lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium.
3. The method for repairing heavy metal pollution of deposit according to claim 1, characterized in that said exchange electrode method in step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 201, according to mass ratio 1: 2-5: adding water and acetic acid in a proportion of 0.05-0.25, fully stirring to obtain a reactant, standing for 2-4 hours, and layering under suspension;
step 202, inserting a cathode electrode and an anode electrode into an electrode chamber of an electrolytic cell, connecting a direct current power supply, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm, and reacting for 12-24 hours;
step 203, fully stirring incomplete reactants in the electrolytic cell after the electrode is taken out, carrying out standing layering, and then exchanging a cathode electrode and an anode electrode in an electrode chamber, connecting a direct current power supply, applying a voltage of 3-5V/cm, and reacting for 12-24 hours;
and 204, repeating the reaction process of the step 202 and the step 203 for 4-8 times to finish the electrochemical deposition process.
4. The method for repairing heavy metal pollution of sediment according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the step of air-drying the filtered solid blank comprises: and adding sodium carbonate powder into the filtered solid according to the mass ratio of 100-150:1, and uniformly mixing to prepare a green body.
5. A method of repairing heavy metal contamination of a deposit according to claim 3, wherein the cathode and anode electrodes inserted into the electrode chamber of the electrolytic cell are graphite electrodes.
6. A method for repairing heavy metal pollution of sediment according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio is 1:2: the pretreated sediment, water and acetic acid are added into an electrolytic cell according to the proportion of 0.25, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the reactant.
7. The method for repairing heavy metal pollution of sediment according to claim 4, wherein the electrode chambers are positioned at two ends of the electrolytic cell, and a permeable reaction wall is arranged between the electrode chambers and the electrolytic cell, and is prepared by mixing quartz sand, activated carbon and zero-valent iron according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1.
8. The method for repairing heavy metal pollution of sediment according to claim 1, further comprising, before step 3: adding 2% chitosan solution into the complete reactant after electrochemical deposition according to the mass ratio of 10:1, fully stirring, and standing to form flocculent precipitate; the 2% chitosan solution is prepared from chitosan, acetic acid and water according to a mass ratio of 2:1:97.
9. The method for repairing heavy metal pollution of sediment according to claim 6, wherein the obtained filtrate is reused after the complete reactant added to the chitosan solution is filtered; the secondary utilization is to fully mix the filtrate and the pretreated sediment according to the mass ratio of 2-5:1 and add the mixture into an electrolytic cell to obtain a new reactant.
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