CN117543725B - Synchronous method for limiting grid-connected active impact of hydroelectric generating set - Google Patents
Synchronous method for limiting grid-connected active impact of hydroelectric generating set Download PDFInfo
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- CN117543725B CN117543725B CN202311420743.XA CN202311420743A CN117543725B CN 117543725 B CN117543725 B CN 117543725B CN 202311420743 A CN202311420743 A CN 202311420743A CN 117543725 B CN117543725 B CN 117543725B
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- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000819 phase cycle Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/44—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
A contemporaneous method for limiting grid-connected active impact of a hydro-generator set, comprising: step1, setting synchronous grid-connected setting parameters; step2, calculating an additional allowable frequency difference according to the maximum allowable grid-connected active impact amplitude; step3, collecting and monitoring the voltages at the machine side and the system side; step4, judging that five grid-connected judgment conditions are met according to the collected voltage; step5, if the five grid connection judging conditions are met simultaneously, a switching-on command is sent out in advance by a leading time, and the switching-on command is sent to the circuit breaker to finish grid connection after the synchronous identification of the latching relay. On the basis of judging synchronous conditions, based on a generator grid-connected power angle oscillation mechanism, combining with generator electrical and mechanical parameters, converting the active impact amplitude limiting conditions into additional frequency difference conditions, using five conditions as judging basis of the grid connection of the water-turbine generator set, effectively limiting the active impact amplitude of the water-turbine generator set in the grid-connected transient process, prolonging the service life of a circuit breaker, reducing the active disturbance of the set, and improving the safety and stability of an electric power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a synchronization method for limiting grid-connected active impact of a hydroelectric generating set.
Background
The state variable of the generator is often unequal to the state variable of the parallel bus of the power grid before the generator is put into operation in the power system. The generator set is required to be properly operated, the circuit breaker is allowed to be switched on and connected to the grid after the generator set meets parallel conditions, and the process of connecting the synchronous generator to the grid in parallel is called synchronization or grid connection. When the synchronous generators are arranged in parallel, huge electromagnetic impact and mechanical impact are required to be avoided, so that the synchronous generators are prevented from being damaged, and the power grid is prevented from being disturbed. If the stator current and the electromagnetic torque of the generator are zero at the moment of switching on the circuit breaker, the instantaneous value of the electromotive force of each phase of the generator is required to be completely consistent with the instantaneous value of the corresponding phase voltage of the power grid end, namely the ideal generator grid-connection condition comprises:
① The generator frequency is the same as the system frequency;
② The amplitude of the generator outlet voltage is the same as the amplitude of the system voltage, and the waveforms are consistent;
③ The phase sequence of the generator is the same as that of the system;
④ The generator outlet voltage phase is consistent with the system voltage phase.
And the closing grid-connection operation process after the generator is regulated to completely meet the grid-connection condition is called a quasi-synchronization method. The adoption of the quasi-synchronization grid-connected method can enable the impact current to be small and the active disturbance to the power grid to be small, so that the quasi-synchronization grid-connected mode is a main grid-connected mode in the operation of the power system. In the adjustment process, a synchronous indicator is commonly used to judge the satisfaction of the condition. The quasi-synchronization grid connection requires that before switching on, the engine to be connected is accelerated to be close to synchronous rotation speed, excitation is added, the end voltage is regulated to be equal to the power grid voltage, and after the voltage amplitude and frequency conditions are met, a switching on command is sent out by a quasi-synchronization controller according to the 'constant time before the switching on principle', and the unit is quickly pulled into synchronization after being put into a power system.
The existing quasi-synchronization grid-connected method automatically monitors the frequency difference, the voltage amplitude difference and the phase angle difference of the voltages at two sides by collecting the voltages at the machine side and the voltage at the system side. When the voltage phase sequences at the machine side and the system side are the same, and the frequency difference, the amplitude difference and the phase angle difference are all in the maximum allowable range, analyzing and calculating proper synchronous time, sending a closing command in advance of a leading time, and sending the closing command to the circuit breaker to complete grid connection after synchronous identification of the closing relay. The maximum allowable frequency difference, the maximum allowable differential pressure and the maximum allowable phase angle difference are all empirically set.
The current synchronization method has the following disadvantages: 1. the method for calculating the active impact amplitude of the generator grid-connected transient process is lacked; 2. the synchronous grid-connection method of the existing hydroelectric generating set only sets a frequency difference allowing condition, and cannot accurately limit the grid-connection active impact amplitude within an ideal range, so that the grid-connection active impact amplitude is possibly overlarge, and the safe and stable operation of the power system is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a synchronous method for limiting the grid-connected active impact of the hydroelectric generating set, so that the amplitude of the active impact in the grid-connected transient process of the hydroelectric generating set is effectively limited, the service life of a circuit breaker is prolonged, the active disturbance of the set is reduced, and the safety and stability of an electric power system are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A synchronous method for limiting grid-connected active impact of a hydroelectric generating set comprises the following steps: step1, setting a maximum allowable differential pressure, a maximum allowable frequency difference, a maximum allowable phase angle difference and a maximum allowable grid-connected active impact amplitude of synchronous grid connection;
step2, calculating an additional allowable frequency difference according to the maximum allowable grid-connected active impact amplitude;
Step3, collecting and monitoring the voltages at the machine side and the system side;
Step4, judging that the same voltage phase sequence is simultaneously satisfied according to the acquired voltage, the voltage difference between the generator side and the power grid side is smaller than the maximum allowable voltage, the phase angle difference is smaller than the maximum allowable phase angle, and the frequency difference simultaneously satisfies the maximum allowable frequency difference and the additional frequency difference; step5, if the five grid-connected judging conditions are met simultaneously, analyzing and calculating proper synchronization time, sending a switching-on command in advance of a leading time, and sending the switching-on command to the circuit breaker to finish grid connection after the synchronization identification of the switching-on relay.
In Step2, the method for calculating the allowable frequency difference according to the grid-connected active impact amplitude of the hydroelectric generating set is as follows: step2.1, the grid-connected time of the generator is t1, the generator oscillates to the maximum value of the power angle in the grid-connected transient process, namely, the time when the power impact amplitude appears is t2, the frequency of the generator is equal to the frequency of the system at the moment, the influence of the speed regulating system in the transient process and the first cycle damping action are ignored, a process energy conversion relation is obtained, and then an equation with infinite small second order is obtained;
And step2.2, obtaining an active impact amplitude P max equation of the generator grid-connected transient process according to the equation after the second order infinity obtained by step2.1, and further obtaining a calculation formula of a ratio K between the generator grid-connected active impact amplitude and the allowable frequency difference.
The process energy conversion relationship obtained in step2.1 above is:
Wherein I is the rotational inertia of the water-turbine generator set, omega 2 is the corresponding mechanical angular speed when the frequency of the generator is equal to the frequency of the power grid, which is approximately equal to the rated rotation speed, omega 1 is the rotation speed difference delta omega m of the rated rotation speed and the grid connection time; p is the electromagnetic power of the generator during the grid-connected transient, and can be approximately regarded as p=p max sin (ωt) in the first cycle, including:
neglecting the second order infinitesimal term then equations as:
Wherein omega n is the rated mechanical angular speed, T is the low-frequency oscillation frequency in the grid-connected transient process, namely the natural frequency of the generator, and the frequency is as follows:
The concrete process of the step2.2 is as follows:
The active impact amplitude P max of the generator grid-connected transient process obtained by the step2.1 is as follows:
And then the ratio K between the grid-connected active impact amplitude and the allowable frequency difference of the hydroelectric generating set is obtained:
the synchronous method for limiting the grid-connected active power impact of the hydroelectric generating set provided by the invention is based on a generator grid-connected power angle oscillation mechanism on the basis of judging synchronous conditions of frequency difference, amplitude difference, phase sequence and phase angle difference of the voltage at the machine side and the voltage at the system side, and combines electric and mechanical parameters of a generator to convert the active power impact amplitude limiting conditions into additional frequency difference conditions, and five conditions are used as judgment bases for grid connection of the hydroelectric generating set. The method effectively limits the active impact amplitude in the grid-connected transient process of the hydroelectric generating set, prolongs the service life of the circuit breaker, reduces the active disturbance of the set and improves the safety and stability of the power system.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a grid-connected transient oscillation process of a water wheel generator set in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amplitude of 33 times of grid-connected active power impact of a certain hydropower station unit and the grid-connected frequency difference in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a synchronous condition judgment flow for limiting grid-connected active impact of a hydroelectric generating set;
FIG. 4 is a contemporaneous logic condition of the present invention limiting the grid-tie active impact of a hydro-generator set;
Fig. 5 is a vector diagram of the unit frequency-grid frequency of the grid-connected active repeater in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a synchronous method for limiting grid-connected active power impact of a hydro-generator set comprises the following steps:
Step1, setting a maximum allowable differential pressure, a maximum allowable frequency difference, a maximum allowable phase angle difference and a maximum allowable grid-connected active impact amplitude of synchronous grid connection;
step2, calculating an additional allowable frequency difference according to the maximum allowable grid-connected active impact amplitude;
Step3, collecting and monitoring the voltages at the machine side and the system side;
Step4, judging that the same voltage phase sequence is simultaneously satisfied according to the acquired voltage, the voltage difference between the generator side and the power grid side is smaller than the maximum allowable voltage, the phase angle difference is smaller than the maximum allowable phase angle, and the frequency difference simultaneously satisfies the maximum allowable frequency difference and the additional frequency difference;
step5, if the five grid-connected judging conditions are met simultaneously, analyzing and calculating proper synchronization time, sending a switching-on command in advance of a leading time, and sending the switching-on command to the circuit breaker to finish grid connection after the synchronization identification of the switching-on relay.
In Step2, the method for calculating the allowable frequency difference according to the grid-connected active impact amplitude of the hydroelectric generating set is as follows:
Step2.1, the grid-connected time of the generator is t1, the generator oscillates to the maximum value of the power angle in the grid-connected transient process, namely, the time when the power impact amplitude appears is t2, the frequency of the generator is equal to the frequency of the system at the moment, the influence of the speed regulating system in the transient process and the first cycle damping action are ignored, a process energy conversion relation is obtained, and then an equation with infinite small second order is obtained;
And step2.2, obtaining an active impact amplitude P max equation of the generator grid-connected transient process according to the equation after the second order infinity obtained by step2.1, and further obtaining a calculation formula of a ratio K between the generator grid-connected active impact amplitude and the allowable frequency difference.
The process energy conversion relationship obtained in step2.1 above is:
Wherein I is the rotational inertia of the water-turbine generator set, omega 2 is the corresponding mechanical angular speed when the frequency of the generator is equal to the frequency of the power grid, which is approximately equal to the rated rotation speed, omega 1 is the rotation speed difference delta omega m of the rated rotation speed and the grid connection time; p is the electromagnetic power of the generator during the grid-connected transient, and can be approximately regarded as p=p max sin (ωt) in the first cycle, including:
neglecting the second order infinitesimal term then equations as:
Wherein omega n is the rated mechanical angular speed, T is the low-frequency oscillation frequency in the grid-connected transient process, namely the natural frequency of the generator, and the frequency is as follows:
The concrete process of the step2.2 is as follows:
The active impact amplitude P max of the generator grid-connected transient process obtained by the step2.1 is as follows:
And then the ratio K between the grid-connected active impact amplitude and the allowable frequency difference of the hydroelectric generating set is obtained:
the formula is used to obtain an ALSTOM set K=789.8 (MW/Hz) of the right three gorges shore station, a motor set K= 871.0 (MW/Hz), and the calculation process is verified by the embodiment.
Examples:
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the power station unit is counted for 28 times of grid connection data, and the relation between the active impact amplitude and the grid connection frequency difference is recorded as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 active impact amplitude and grid-tie frequency Difference relationship
The actual relation coefficient of the two is calculated as follows:
ALSTOM set K= 831.1 (MW/Hz)
Ha motor group K= 898.1 (MW/Hz)
The accuracy of the relation coefficient between the active impact amplitude and the grid-connected frequency difference calculated by the method reaches more than 90%.
Technical principle: the grid-connected active impact essence is a damped oscillation process between unit frequency and power angle, and a vector diagram of the two is shown in figure 5; because the frequency of the machine set is unequal to the frequency of the power grid at the moment of grid connection, the angle between the machine set and the power grid, namely the power angle, is gradually increased, namely the active power is gradually increased, and the frequency difference between the machine set and the power grid is gradually reduced under the action of the active power;
When the frequency difference is reduced to 0, the active impact reaches the amplitude; neglecting the damping effect of the first cycle, the kinetic energy of the generator rotor is completely converted into the energy generated by the active power in the process; the relation between the grid-connected frequency difference value and the active impact amplitude value of the water turbine generator set can be calculated by utilizing the relation, and the active impact amplitude value can be limited by limiting the grid-connected frequency through a synchronous device.
Claims (1)
1. The synchronous method for limiting the grid-connected active impact of the hydro-generator set is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step1, setting a maximum allowable differential pressure, a maximum allowable frequency difference, a maximum allowable phase angle difference and a maximum allowable grid-connected active impact amplitude of synchronous grid connection;
step2, calculating an additional allowable frequency difference according to the maximum allowable grid-connected active impact amplitude;
step3, collecting and monitoring the voltages at the machine side and the system side;
Step4, judging that the same voltage phase sequence is simultaneously satisfied according to the acquired voltage, the voltage difference between the generator side and the power grid side is smaller than the maximum allowable voltage, the phase angle difference is smaller than the maximum allowable phase angle, and the frequency difference simultaneously satisfies the maximum allowable frequency difference and the additional frequency difference;
step5, if the five grid-connected judging conditions are met simultaneously, analyzing and calculating proper synchronization time, sending a switching-on command in advance of a leading time, and sending the switching-on command to a circuit breaker to finish grid connection after the synchronization identification of a latching relay;
the method for calculating the allowable frequency difference according to the grid-connected active impact amplitude of the hydroelectric generating set in Step2 comprises the following steps:
Step2.1, the grid-connected time of the generator is t1, the generator oscillates to the maximum value of the power angle in the grid-connected transient process, namely, the time when the power impact amplitude appears is t2, the frequency of the generator is equal to the frequency of the system at the moment, the influence of the speed regulating system in the transient process and the first cycle damping action are ignored, a process energy conversion relation is obtained, and then an equation with infinite small second order is obtained;
Step2.2, obtaining the active impact amplitude of the generator grid-connected transient process according to a second-order infinitesimal equation obtained by step2.1 Equation, and then the ratio/>, between the grid-connected active impact amplitude and the allowable frequency difference of the water turbine generator set is obtainedIs calculated according to the formula;
the process energy conversion relational expression obtained in the step2.1 is as follows:
；
wherein I is the rotational inertia of the water-turbine generator set, For the mechanical angular velocity corresponding to the generator and the power grid frequency being equal, the mechanical angular velocity is approximately equal to the rated rotation speed,/>The rotational speed difference delta/of the rated rotational speed plus the grid-connected time; P is the electromagnetic power of the generator in the grid-connected transient process, and can be approximately regarded as/>, in the first cycleThe method comprises the following steps:
；
neglecting the second order infinitesimal term then equations as:
；
In the middle of For rated mechanical angular velocity, T is natural oscillation period in grid-connected transient process, rated mechanical angular velocity/>The method comprises the following steps:
；
the concrete process of the step2.2 is as follows:
obtaining the active impact amplitude of the generator grid-connected transient process from Step2.1 The method comprises the following steps:
；
thereby obtaining the ratio between the grid-connected active impact amplitude and the allowable frequency difference of the hydroelectric generating set ：
。
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