CN113241795A - Asynchronous wind turbine generator grid-connected control system and method - Google Patents
Asynchronous wind turbine generator grid-connected control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P9/305—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage
- H02P9/307—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage more than one voltage output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2103/00—Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator
- H02P2103/10—Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator of the asynchronous type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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Abstract
The invention provides a grid-connected control system and method for an asynchronous wind turbine generator. The system comprises: the grid-connected contactor and the motor side contactor are used for automatically closing under the control of the main control unit when the rotating speed of the unit is close to the synchronous rotating speed; the thyristor unit is used for gradually conducting under the control of the trigger pulse sent by the main control unit when the rotating speed of the wind turbine generator is close to the synchronous rotating speed, and automatically shutting down after the wind turbine generator outputs power; and the bypass contactor is used for automatically closing under the control of the main control unit after the wind turbine generator outputs power. The asynchronous wind turbine generator grid-connected control system and method provided by the invention can greatly reduce the impact current generated by grid connection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a grid-connected control system and method for an asynchronous wind turbine generator.
Background
At present, most of large and medium-sized wind generating sets in the world adopt asynchronous generators. Compared with a synchronous generator, the asynchronous generator is simple in control device, easy to grid-connected, not easy to generate oscillation and step-out after grid-connected and very stable in operation, and has no strict requirements on frequency and phase angle during grid-connection. However, when the asynchronous generator adopts a direct grid connection mode, the instantaneous impact current of grid connection can reach 5-7 times or even more than 10 times of the rated current of the motor. The surge current can cause serious impact on the power grid, the impeller and the generator, and can also influence the normal operation of other networked units. In addition, grid-connected inrush current also causes strong impact on switching devices such as contactors and circuit breakers. Meanwhile, because wind power plants are mostly located in marginal areas of the power system and are weak in connection with the system, if large-scale fans are directly connected to the power system at the same time, serious influence can be caused on the stability of the system, and even paralysis of the power system is caused, so that the adoption of a proper grid connection mode to reduce grid connection impact current is very important. By adopting the soft grid-connected technology of the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier, a stable grid-connected transition process can be obtained without generating impact current, and the current during grid connection is controlled within 1.25-2 times of rated current, so that the impact during grid connection can be greatly reduced, the service life and the reliability of the wind turbine generator set are improved, and the large asynchronous grid-connected wind turbine generator set adopts the grid-connected working mode at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a grid-connected control system and method for an asynchronous wind turbine generator, which can greatly reduce impact current generated by grid connection.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an asynchronous wind turbine generator grid-connected control system, which comprises: the main control unit is respectively connected with the thyristor unit, the grid-connected contactor, the motor-side contactor and the bypass contactor, and the grid-connected contactor and the motor-side contactor are used for automatically closing under the control of the main control unit when the rotating speed of the unit is close to the synchronous rotating speed; the thyristor unit is used for gradually conducting under the control of a trigger pulse sent by the main control unit when the rotating speed of the wind turbine generator is close to the synchronous rotating speed, and automatically shutting down after the wind turbine generator outputs power; and the bypass contactor is used for automatically closing under the control of the main control unit after the wind turbine generator outputs power.
In some embodiments, the master control unit comprises: the device comprises an ARM controller, a DSP connected to the ARM controller, and a driving circuit connected to the DSP.
In some embodiments, the ARM controller is configured to control the grid-connected contactor, the motor-side contactor, and the bypass contactor to perform soft grid connection; the DSP is used for acquiring a voltage synchronization signal from the voltage of the power grid, generating interruption and starting a timer to work; the driving circuit is used for driving the thyristor unit so as to complete the soft grid connection of the wind turbine generator.
In some embodiments, the thyristor cell comprises: a bidirectional thyristor.
In some embodiments, the thyristor cell further comprises: a snubber circuit connected in parallel with the triac, the snubber circuit comprising: a capacitor and a resistor connected in series with each other.
In some embodiments, further comprising: and the voltage transformer is arranged on one side of the power grid of the thyristor unit and used for sensing the voltage of the three-phase power grid.
In some embodiments, further comprising: and the current transformer is arranged on one side of the motor of the thyristor unit and used for sensing the current of the stator of the motor.
In some embodiments, the DSP is further configured to calculate a thyristor firing angle based on the grid voltage sensed by the voltage transformer and the motor stator current sensed by the current transformer.
In addition, the invention also provides a grid-connected control method of the asynchronous wind turbine generator, which comprises the following steps: when the rotating speed of the unit is close to the synchronous rotating speed, the grid-connected contactor and the motor side contactor are closed, and meanwhile, the thyristor unit connected with the power grid is gradually conducted under the control of trigger pulses; after the wind turbine generator outputs power, the thyristor unit is automatically closed, and the bypass contactor connected with the thyristor unit in parallel is closed.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: obtaining motor stator current in a grid-connected control process; calculating the adjustment quantity of the thyristor trigger angle required by PI control according to the deviation between the motor stator current and the current limit value; adjusting the thyristor trigger angle in the grid-connected control process according to the adjustment quantity of the thyristor trigger angle; and starting the soft grid-connected control of the wind turbine generator according to the adjusted trigger angle of the thyristor.
After adopting such design, the invention has at least the following advantages:
the asynchronous wind turbine generator grid-connected control system and method provided by the embodiment of the invention can control the grid-connected instantaneous current of the motor within 1.25-2 times of the rated current, and the system has better stability and completely meets the grid-connected requirement.
Drawings
The foregoing is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit structure diagram of an asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a simulation model of a soft grid-connected system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of simulation results of direct grid-connected stator current waveforms provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a simulation result diagram of a soft grid-connected stator current waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
1. Soft grid-connected control system main circuit design
The main circuit of the asynchronous wind turbine soft grid-connected control system consists of three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors and protection circuits thereof, as shown in fig. 1. The thyristor is connected in series between the motor outgoing line and the power grid, and the stator voltage of the motor can be gradually increased from a certain small initial value to a full-voltage state in a step wave mode by utilizing the natural phase-changing characteristic of the thyristor and adjusting the conduction angle of the thyristor, so that the time-dependent growth rate of the stator voltage is reduced. The soft grid connection process includes that when the rotating speed of the motor is close to the synchronous rotating speed, the generator contactor is closed, and meanwhile, a bidirectional thyristor directly connected with a power grid is gradually conducted under the control of trigger pulses. When the thyristor is initially conducted, namely in the sub-synchronous rotating speed stage, the motor operates in an electric state, at the moment, the rotating speed of the motor is rapidly increased under the common dragging of a power grid and the impeller, and the slip of the motor rapidly approaches zero. When the slip is close to zero, the thyristor is completely conducted, so that the grid connection impact current is limited in a small range, and a smoother grid connection process is obtained. After the generator outputs power, the trigger pulse of the bidirectional thyristor is automatically closed, and the output current of the generator does not flow to the power grid through the closed automatic switch contact instead of the bidirectional thyristor. And when the grid-connected control is finished, the fan enters a power generation operation control stage.
2. Software and hardware design of soft grid-connected controller
For the whole control system of the wind generating set, a DSP used for the soft grid-connected control system belongs to a slave CPU system, so the starting, stopping and grid-connected modes of a soft grid-connected controller are controlled by an ARM, a main controller gives commands during grid connection, and a grid-connected control link controls a grid-connected process according to received command conditions and corresponding sensor signals, so that the aim of controlling current is fulfilled. And the impact current of the motor during grid connection can be limited by adopting two modes of open-loop control and closed-loop control. The open-loop soft grid connection is that a certain initial trigger angle, namely corresponding initial input voltage, is set at the beginning of grid connection, and the trigger angle is linearly reduced according to a certain rule after the motor starts to be connected to the grid until the thyristor is completely conducted, so that the input voltage of the motor is stably increased, and the current of the motor connected to the grid is limited. The closed-loop soft grid-connected control mainly takes the stator current of a motor as the basis of the change of the trigger angle of the thyristor, obtains a corresponding current deviation value by sampling the stator current of the motor and comparing the current deviation value with a current limit value, and calculates the required adjustment quantity of the trigger angle of the thyristor through a digital PI (proportional integral) adjustment algorithm. Although the open-loop control method is simple in control, the starting time is long, and the limitation of the current is only a rough control. And the starting of the motor is relatively smooth in a closed-loop control mode taking the stator current as a feedback quantity, and the current value is well controlled within a set value. Therefore, in the design, the soft grid-connected control is realized by adopting a closed-loop control method.
(1) Hardware circuit design of soft grid-connected controller
A schematic diagram of a soft-grid controller is shown in fig. 2.
In the system, the ARM of the upper computer selects Pxa270 of Intel company, and the CPU selects TMS320F2812 chip of TI company. The chip is specially designed for the application based on motor control, and can meet the requirements of large calculation amount and strong real-time performance of the soft networking controller. The soft grid-connected part is composed of three groups of thyristors connected in reverse parallel. The AC voltage applied to the stator terminal of the motor is controlled by controlling the turn-on logic of the thyristor. In order to absorb transient energy and transient voltage impact during the action of the thyristors, a buffer circuit is connected in parallel with each phase of thyristor. The buffer circuit is formed by connecting a resistor and a capacitor in series. The characteristic that the voltage at two ends of the capacitor can not change suddenly is utilized to limit the voltage rising rate and prevent false triggering. In the system, a voltage synchronizing signal is taken from the voltage of a power grid, and the signal is used as a synchronizing signal for triggering the three-phase thyristor and is sent to the DSP to generate interruption, and a timer is started to work. The current feedback signal is obtained from the motor stator current by the current transformer, and the obtained signal is input to the A/D port of the DSP through the amplifying and conditioning circuit and is used as the basis for calculating the trigger angle of the thyristor. Because the signal generated by the DSP is weak and cannot drive the thyristor, the power amplification is carried out through the isolation amplifying circuit, and then a trigger signal is sent out, so that the trigger angle of the thyristor is adjusted.
The whole grid connection process of the soft grid connection system is controlled by an upper computer, the upper computer sends signals of starting and grid connection modes, the DSP executes corresponding grid connection programs according to commands of the upper computer, and the ARM can stop the soft grid connection system at any time. And the grid-connected state is fed back to the ARM in the whole grid-connected process, and the ARM adopts a corresponding control program according to specific conditions.
(2) Software implementation of soft grid-connected controller
Fig. 3 shows a flow of the asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control method. Referring to fig. 3, the asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control method includes:
and S31, obtaining the motor stator current in the grid-connected control process.
And S32, calculating the adjustment quantity of the thyristor firing angle required by PI control according to the deviation between the motor stator current and the current limit value.
And S33, adjusting the thyristor firing angle in the grid-connected control process according to the adjustment quantity of the thyristor firing angle.
And S34, starting soft grid connection control of the wind turbine generator according to the adjusted thyristor trigger angle.
Through the control flow of the asynchronous wind turbine generator grid-connected control method shown in fig. 3, the impact current generated in the wind turbine generator grid-connected process can be greatly reduced, and the stability of system operation is effectively ensured.
Fig. 4 shows an execution flow of the above-described control process. Referring to fig. 4, the grid-connection control process includes the following operations:
and S41, initializing each part in the system.
And S42, collecting the voltage and the frequency of the power grid.
And S43, judging whether to execute grid-connection operation, if so, executing S43 again, and if not, executing S44.
And S44, closing the grid-connected contactor.
And S45, closing the motor side contactor.
S46, setting the initial angle and the moving step.
And S47, starting a timer.
And S48, judging whether the thyristor is completely conducted, if so, executing S47, and if not, executing S49.
And S49, reporting the success of ARM grid connection.
It should be noted that, because the acceleration of the motor rotor of the wind turbine generator changes with the wind speed, the step length of the change of the grid-connected rotating speed of the generator set and the trigger angle of the thyristor and the duration of each step length are adjusted according to the actual wind speed, so that the time when the thyristor is completely conducted is as close as possible to the time when the motor reaches the synchronous rotating speed. When the wind speed is low, the acceleration of the rotor is low, and the conduction speed of the thyristor is properly slowed down; conversely, when the wind speed is high, the acceleration of the rotor is high, and the conduction speed of the thyristor is also properly accelerated. The on-off of the thyristor in the soft grid connection process can generate odd voltage harmonic, which can cause harmonic pollution of a power grid, and the time of the soft grid connection process should be as short as possible.
3. Asynchronous motor grid-connected simulation verification
Matlab/Simulink is used for simulating the control system, and the specific parameters of the generator in the simulation are 690V rated voltage, 683A rated current, 50Hz stator frequency, 750kW rated power and 1518r/min rated rotation speed, and the number of stages is four. The soft grid-connected simulation model is shown in figure 5.
FIG. 6 is a direct grid-connected simulation waveform when the wind speed is 15m/s, and grid connection is performed when the rotating speed of the generator reaches 1495r/min, so that the impact current is large when grid connection is performed, and the instantaneous maximum value reaches about 4800A.
Fig. 7 shows a stator current waveform using a soft grid connection system. Fig. 7 shows that the thyristor soft grid-connected system can suppress the impact current during grid connection, the maximum current during grid connection does not exceed 800A, the duration of the soft grid-connected process is short, and the steady-state value can be reached after the current is about 0.5 s. Effectively limit the grid-connected impact current of the motor within 1.25-2 times of the rated value, and meet the grid-connected requirement.
Through simulation experiments, the fact that the increase of the conduction angle of the thyristor and the over-high conduction speed of the thyristor generate larger impact current before the grid connection is started to reach the synchronous rotating speed is found, and therefore the step length and the duration of the conduction angle need to be controlled well in the process. When the rotating speed of the motor is close to the synchronous rotating speed, in order to reduce the duration time of soft grid connection, the time when the thyristor is completely conducted is as close as possible to the time when the motor reaches the synchronous rotating speed, and the conduction speed of the thyristor can be greatly accelerated at this time without causing the grid connection current to greatly rise.
The invention provides a relatively economic grid connection method aiming at the relatively simple design of the soft grid connection of the wind turbine generator, and has certain borrowing significance for the grid connection of the actual wind turbine generator.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above description of the present invention can be applied to various modifications, equivalent variations or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an asynchronous wind turbine generator system that is incorporated into power networks control system which characterized in that includes: the wind turbine generator system comprises a main control unit, a thyristor unit, a grid-connected contactor, a motor-side contactor and a bypass contactor, wherein the thyristor unit is arranged between a wind turbine generator and a power grid, the grid-connected contactor is arranged on one side of the power grid of the thyristor unit, the motor-side contactor is arranged on one side of a motor of the thyristor unit, the main control unit is respectively connected with the thyristor unit, the grid-connected contactor, the motor-side contactor and the bypass contactor,
the grid-connected contactor and the motor side contactor are used for automatically closing under the control of the main control unit when the rotating speed of the unit is close to the synchronous rotating speed;
the thyristor unit is used for gradually conducting under the control of a trigger pulse sent by the main control unit when the rotating speed of the wind turbine generator is close to the synchronous rotating speed, and automatically shutting down after the wind turbine generator outputs power;
and the bypass contactor is used for automatically closing under the control of the main control unit after the wind turbine generator outputs power.
2. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to claim 1, wherein the main control unit comprises: the device comprises an ARM controller, a DSP connected to the ARM controller, and a driving circuit connected to the DSP.
3. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to claim 2, wherein the ARM controller is configured to control the grid-connected contactor, the motor-side contactor, and the bypass contactor to perform soft grid connection; the DSP is used for acquiring a voltage synchronization signal from the voltage of the power grid, generating interruption and starting a timer to work; the driving circuit is used for driving the thyristor unit so as to complete the soft grid connection of the wind turbine generator.
4. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to claim 1, wherein the thyristor unit comprises: a bidirectional thyristor.
5. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to claim 4, wherein the thyristor unit further comprises: a snubber circuit connected in parallel with the triac, the snubber circuit comprising: a capacitor and a resistor connected in series with each other.
6. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the voltage transformer is arranged on one side of the power grid of the thyristor unit and used for sensing the voltage of the three-phase power grid.
7. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the current transformer is arranged on one side of the motor of the thyristor unit and used for sensing the current of the stator of the motor.
8. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control system according to any one of claims 2, 6 and 7, wherein the DSP is further configured to calculate a thyristor firing angle according to the grid voltage sensed by the voltage transformer and the motor stator current sensed by the current transformer.
9. A grid-connected control method for an asynchronous wind turbine generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the rotating speed of the unit is close to the synchronous rotating speed, the grid-connected contactor and the motor side contactor are closed, and meanwhile, the thyristor unit connected with the power grid is gradually conducted under the control of trigger pulses;
after the wind turbine generator outputs power, the thyristor unit is automatically closed, and the bypass contactor connected with the thyristor unit in parallel is closed.
10. The asynchronous wind turbine grid-connected control method according to claim 9, further comprising:
obtaining motor stator current in a grid-connected control process;
calculating the adjustment quantity of the thyristor trigger angle required by PI control according to the deviation between the motor stator current and the current limit value;
adjusting the thyristor trigger angle in the grid-connected control process according to the adjustment quantity of the thyristor trigger angle;
and starting the soft grid-connected control of the wind turbine generator according to the adjusted trigger angle of the thyristor.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113922419A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Soft grid-connected system of wind driven generator and control method, device, equipment and medium thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210810 |