CN107196496B - The vector type soft-start method of PWM rectifier - Google Patents
The vector type soft-start method of PWM rectifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN107196496B CN107196496B CN201710465017.8A CN201710465017A CN107196496B CN 107196496 B CN107196496 B CN 107196496B CN 201710465017 A CN201710465017 A CN 201710465017A CN 107196496 B CN107196496 B CN 107196496B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/40—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vector type soft-start methods of PWM rectifier, seamlessly transit soft start structure based on a kind of PWM rectifier vector type current-order, and step includes: step 1) in the uncontrollable rectifier stage, is controlled according to uncontrollable rectifier operating mode；Step 2) carries out smooth transition soft start, switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode；Outer voltage is added in step 3),.Method of the invention, when PWM rectifier switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode, the smooth transition of current phasor is realized using vector type soft Starting Technology, it effectively prevents the starting of PWM rectifier conventional method and occurred the case where large inrush current even causes starting failure in the process, smoothly switching for device is realized, stability and reliability are enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power electronics control technology fields, are related to a kind of vector type soft-start method of PWM rectifier.
Background technique
Unity power factor (i.e. power factor is 1) operation, energy in bidirectional flow may be implemented in PWM commutation technique, and
Preferable electric current quality can be obtained, is realized " green energy transformation ".With reaching its maturity for PWM commutation technique, application neck
Domain is also constantly expanding, such as Static Var Compensator, new energy grid-connected power.
Although PWM rectifier has many advantages, such as above-mentioned, it is electric that the moment of starting PWM rectifier will generate biggish overshoot
Stream, this current stress that will lead to power device receiving increase, and it is unfavorable all to generate to parts selection and system reliability
It influences.Therefore, it continuously improves to the soft-start method of PWM rectifier to PWM rectifier starting overcurrent problem is solved, makes PWM
Rectifier even running guarantees its reliability, has a very important significance.
Up to the present, the research in relation to PWM rectifier soft-start method have focused largely on how smooth rectifier never
Control rectification operating mode starts the size of overcurrent when switching to PWM rectification operating mode.But the phase of actual current vector with
The phase of instruction current vector is inconsistent, when PWM rectifier switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode,
At this moment because current phase mutation can also cause biggish rush of current, this respect is had not been reported, and can more say without solution.
" the suppression of PWM rectifier starting impact that Tian Yangtian etc. is delivered on the 5th phase of May in 2013 " power electronic technique "
High-pass filtering negative-feedback soft-start method is proposed in a system " text, this method is negative anti-by the way that high-pass filtering is added in current inner loop
Feedback link is fed back through high-pass filter to given value of current, to inhibit dash current using high-frequency signal.This method is simple,
Rapid dynamic response speed strengthens the reliability of PWM rectifier, preferably realizes the inhibition of startup stage overcurrent；But it is high
The additions of pass filter negative feedback links does not account for device yet and switches to PWM so that system slows down the response speed of load
The mutation of current phasor state when rectifying operating mode.
Xu Sheng etc. " power technology " is delivered in January, 2015 " PWM rectifier starts transient current overshoot and inhibits strategy "
In one text, for current on line side overshooting problem in PWM rectifier starting transient process, proposes a kind of transient current and overcharge inhibition
According to the current interval of certain regular partition present in three-phase current, i.e., method need to only judge when detecting that electric current more prescribes a time limit
It can determine and respectively switch on-off state, inhibit current over pulse in real time.This method is realized simply, without complicated control algolithm, but
There is also obvious drawbacks simultaneously, that is, the charging current smaller time for resulting in DC side charging process increases, and keeps PWM whole
Flow device starting time extension.
Both the above method all not with vector from the viewpoint of rushed to current transition process, therefore to electric current in handoff procedure
The inhibitory effect hit is limited.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vector type soft-start methods of PWM rectifier, solve the prior art in PWM
When rectifier switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode, current phasor amplitude or SPA sudden phase anomalies caused
The problem of rushing electric current.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of vector type soft-start method of PWM rectifier, is based on a kind of PWM
Rectifier vector type current-order seamlessly transits soft start structure, follows the steps below to implement:
Step 1) controls in the uncontrollable rectifier stage according to uncontrollable rectifier operating mode；
Step 2) carries out smooth transition soft start, switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode
The PWM rectification operating mode moment is switched to from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode in PWM rectifier, power network current is sweared at this time
Amount is I (0)=id(0)+jiq(0), idIt (0) is watt current vector initial value, unit is A；J is imaginary unit；iqIt (0) is idle
Current phasor initial value, unit are A；
For make actual current vector whithin a period of time smooth transition to instruction value I*, enable I*=id *+jiq *, id *It is active
Current instruction value, unit are A (peaces)；J is imaginary unit；iq *For referenced reactive current value, unit is A (peace)；Enable switching moment
The instruction value I of current phasor*(0)=I (0), i.e. instruction value initial value should track the actual current value of switching moment, transient process knot
Current phasor instruction value should be I when beam*；
Outer voltage is added in step 3),.
The invention has the advantages that when PWM rectifier switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode
When, the smooth transition of current phasor is realized using vector type soft Starting Technology, effectively prevents the starting of PWM rectifier conventional method
Occurred the case where large inrush current even causes starting failure in the process, and realized smoothly switching for device, enhance
Stability and reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the hardware structural diagram that the method for the present invention is relied on；
Fig. 2 is the vector type instructions transition schematic diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the vector type soft start timing diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that only amplitude is mutated power network current vector instruction, and device switches to overshoot current when PWM rectification operating mode
Simulation waveform；
Fig. 5 is power network current vector instruction only SPA sudden phase anomalies, and device switches to overshoot current when PWM rectification operating mode
Simulation waveform；
Fig. 6 is the amplitude and phase simultaneous mutation of power network current vector instruction, when device switches to PWM rectification operating mode
Overshoot current simulation waveform；
Fig. 7 is current on line side simulation waveform when being started using conventional method；
Fig. 8 is that net when being started using the method for the present invention surveys current simulations waveform；
Fig. 9 is the DC bus-bar voltage udc simulation waveform comparison of the method for the present invention and conventional method starting.
In figure, 10. three-phase alternating-current supplies, 20. threephase switches, 30. three-phase bypass contactors, 31. three-phase current-limiting resistances,
40. three-phase reactor, 50. AC current sensors, 51. AC voltage sensors, 60. power inverters, 71. DC filterings electricity
Hold, 72. direct current voltage sensors, 73. loads, 80. phaselocked loops, 90. network voltage abc/dq transformation, 91. power network current abc/
Dq transformation, 100. space vector pulse width modulation modules, 110.dq/ α β transformation, 120. vector type soft starts instruct transition scheme mould
Block, 130.PWM rectifier current inner ring, 140.PWM rectifier voltage outer ring.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Inventor the study found that PWM rectifier from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode switch to PWM rectification operating mode when,
Current phasor either amplitude or phase mutation all can cause PWM rectifier overshoot current occur, therefore, in switching work
When operation mode, new vector type instructions transition smoothing algorithm should be designed to avoid overshoot current is generated.In order to solve PWM rectifier
It is electric because of caused by vector type current-order state mutation when switching to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode
Shock problem is flowed, the invention proposes a kind of vector type current-orders of PWM rectifier to seamlessly transit soft-start method.
Referring to Fig.1, the PWM rectifier vector type current-order that the method for the present invention is relied on seamlessly transits soft start structure
(i.e. hardware configuration), three-phase alternating-current supply 10 are connect by threephase switch 20 with current-limiting resistance 31, and threephase switch 20 is in Fig. 1
Threephase switch K1, current-limiting resistance 31 is the three-phase current-limiting resistance R in Fig. 1；It is set between threephase switch 20 and three-phase alternating-current supply 10
There is voltage sensor 51, voltage sensor 51 includes the u in Fig. 1a、ub、ucVoltage sensor；The both ends of three-phase current-limiting resistance 31
It is parallel with (the i.e. three-phase bypass contactor K in Fig. 1 of three-phase bypass contactor 302)；Three-phase current-limiting resistance 31 passes through three-phase reactor
Device 40 (i.e. three-phase reactor L in Fig. 1) is connect with 60 input terminal of power inverter, three-phase reactor 40 and power inverter 60
Between three-phase line be equipped with current sensor 50, current sensor 50 be respectively Fig. 1 in ia、ib、icCurrent sensor；
The output end of power inverter 60 is correspondingly connected with load 73, and is connected to filter capacitor 71 (i.e. capacitor C in Fig. 1), filtered electrical
Hold 71 both ends and voltage sensor 72 is installed；
Voltage sensor 72 is connect with the input terminal of PWM rectifier outer voltage 140, PWM rectifier outer voltage 140
Output end (i.e. i in Fig. 1d *) connect with the input terminal of vector type soft start instruction transition scheme module 120, vector type soft start
Instruct output end (the i.e. i in Fig. 1 of transition scheme module 120d * _soft、iq * _soft) defeated with PWM rectifier current inner loop 130
Enter end connection；
Voltage sensor 51 is connect with the input terminal of phaselocked loop 80 and network voltage abc/dq transformation 90, current sensor 50
With power network current abc/dq transformation 91 input terminal connect, while the output end (i.e. angle information θ in Fig. 1) of phaselocked loop 80 and
Network voltage abc/dq transformation 90, power network current abc/dq transformation 91 are connected with the input terminal of dq/ α β transformation 110, network voltage
Abc/dq converts output end (the i.e. e in Fig. 1 of 90 and power network current abc/dq transformation 91d、eq、id、iq) electric with PWM rectifier
Flow the input terminal connection of inner ring 130；
Output end (the i.e. v in Fig. 1 of PWM rectifier current inner loop 130d *、vq *) another with (voltage) dq/ α β transformation 110
Outer two input terminals connection, (SVPWM full name is Space Vector for the output end and SVPWM module 100 of dq/ α β transformation 110
SVPWM module in Pulse Width Modulation-space vector pulse width modulation, i.e. Fig. 1) input terminal connection,
Driving signal of the output of SVPWM module 100 as power inverter 60, control power device switch motion is to realize electric energy
Transformation.
The vector type soft-start method of PWM rectifier of the present invention is flat based on above-mentioned PWM rectifier vector type current-order
It slips over and crosses soft start structure, follow the steps below to implement:
Step 1) controls in the uncontrollable rectifier stage according to uncontrollable rectifier operating mode
Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3, it is closed (the i.e. threephase switch K in Fig. 1 of threephase switch 101), device powers on, and PWM rectifier opens
It is dynamic, it needs to establish the busbar voltage of device normal work, is DC side by the anti-paralleled diode to work in uncontrollable rectifier mode
Capacitor, which charges rapidly, reaches switching voltage；
In t0Moment, microcontroller detect that DC bus has reached switching voltage, and three-phase bypass contactor 20 is attracted (i.e.
Three-phase bypass contactor K in Fig. 12), it cuts away three-phase current-limiting resistance 31 (i.e. current-limiting resistance R in Fig. 1), acquires power network current
Vector Message I (0), I (0)=id(0)+jiq(0), idIt (0) is watt current vector initial value, unit is A (peace)；J is imaginary number list
Position；iq(0) it is reactive current vector initial value, unit is A (peace)), it is ready for subsequent soft start；
Step 2) carries out smooth transition soft start, switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode
The PWM rectification operating mode moment is switched to from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode in PWM rectifier, power network current is sweared at this time
Amount is I (0)=id(0)+jiq(0), idIt (0) is watt current vector initial value, unit is A (peace)；J is imaginary unit；iq(0) it is
Reactive current vector initial value, unit are A (peaces)；
For make actual current vector whithin a period of time smooth transition to instruction value I*, enable I*=id *+jiq *, id *It is active
Current instruction value, unit are A (peaces)；J is imaginary unit；iq *For referenced reactive current value, unit is A (peace), instruction value and reality
Border current value should not have excessive deviation, therefore, enable the instruction value I of switching moment current phasor*(0)=I (0), i.e. instruction value
Initial value should track the actual current value of switching moment, and current phasor instruction value should be I at the end of transient process*；
The method of this change procedure has very much, and the present invention uses simplest straight transitions, i.e. current phasor instruction value
Variation track be straight line, the size and phase that this straight transitions can guarantee actual current vector in transient process are not
It can be mutated, to inhibit dash current well, straight transitions specific implementation process is as follows:
If total transit time is ttr, unit is s (second)；It is N that current phasor, which instructs transition umber of beats,；The control period is TC, single
Position is s (second)；Then total transit time is transition umber of beats and the product for controlling the period, such as following formula (1):
ttr=NTC (1)
The soft start current-order that then kth is clapped is transformed to following formula (2):
In formula (2), in t=kTCMoment, k=0,1,2,3 ..., N, id * _soft(k) having for vector type soft start is clapped for kth
Function current instruction value, unit are A (peaces)；iq * _soft(k) the referenced reactive current value of vector type soft start is clapped for kth, unit is A
(peace)；Vector instruction migration path and d axle clamp angle are γ, and unit is rad (radian), as shown in Figure 2；idIt (0) is watt current
Vector initial value, unit are A (peaces)；iqIt (0) is reactive current vector initial value, unit is A (peace)；id *For active current command value,
Unit is A (peace)；iq *For referenced reactive current value, unit is A (peace),
Using the vector type soft start transition equation of formula (1) and formula (2), by total transit time ttrAfterwards, vector type is soft opens
Dynamic to terminate, current phasor instruction value is seamlessly transitted to I*。
Straight transitions process is exemplified below:
As shown in Fig. 2, setting 0 moment actual electric network current phasor I (0)=20+j10, unit is A (peace), to power network current
Vector instruction value uses vector type straight transitions method of the invention, and taking transition umber of beats is 10 bats.Power network current vector instruction value
It will be according to being smoothly transitted into current phasor instruction value I shown in Fig. 2*=35+j0, unit are A (peaces).
Outer voltage is added in step 3)
Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3, in t1Moment, actual electric network current phasor smooth pursuit to instruction value I*, voltage can be put into
Outer ring carries out closed-loop control to DC bus-bar voltage, so far, PWM rectifier completely into normal operating conditions,.
In order to illustrate the validity of the method for the present invention, simulating, verifying, verification result and data point have been carried out in MATLAB
It analyses as follows:
Fig. 4 is current waveform simulation result when not using the method for the present invention, corresponding operating condition are as follows: it is whole to start PWM when 0.3s
Operating mode is flowed, amplitude mutation has occurred in power network current instruction at this time, it can be seen that when 0.3s, power network current has obvious overshoot.
Fig. 5 is current waveform simulation result when not using the method for the present invention, corresponding operating condition are as follows: it is whole to start PWM when 0.3s
Operating mode is flowed, SPA sudden phase anomalies have occurred in power network current instruction at this time, it can be seen that when 0.3s, power network current has obvious overshoot.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is the current on line side simulation waveform of (i.e. current phasor only amplitude mutation, only SPA sudden phase anomalies) in the case of two kinds, two
Figure has fine distinction in 0.35s to 0.4s.
Fig. 6 is current waveform simulation result when not using the method for the present invention, corresponding operating condition are as follows: it is whole to start PWM when 0.3s
Operating mode is flowed, power network current instructs while amplitude and SPA sudden phase anomalies has occurred at this time, it can be seen that when 0.3s, power network current has
Obvious overshoot.
Fig. 7 is to survey current simulations as a result, corresponding operating condition in Fig. 7 using the net of conventional method starting are as follows: is started when 0.3s
PWM rectifies operating mode, at this time since power network current instruction is mutated, it can be seen that power network current has apparent overshoot existing
As.
Net when Fig. 8 is using the method for the present invention surveys current simulations as a result, corresponding operating condition in Fig. 8 are as follows: starts when 0.3s
PWM rectifies operating mode, it can be seen that power network current overshoot is effectively suppressed when operating mode switches, and PWM rectifier stablizes work
Make.
Fig. 9 is the DC bus-bar voltage u of vector type soft Starting Technology and conventional method starting of the inventiondcSimulation result pair
Than the emulation operating condition of Fig. 9 and the emulation operating condition of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are identical, switch to PWM rectification Working mould using conventional method starting
When formula, DC bus-bar voltage udcVoltage overshoot can be generated；And when using the method for the present invention, DC bus-bar voltage udcThere is no voltage
Overshoot phenomenon, udcIt gradually increases, final smooth transition to given value udc *。
In conclusion vector type soft-start method proposed by the present invention, rushing when effectively PWM rectifier can be inhibited to start
Current problems are hit, the smooth transition that PWM rectifier switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode is realized,
Improve the reliability of device.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of vector type soft-start method of PWM rectifier is seamlessly transitted based on a kind of PWM rectifier vector type current-order
Soft start structure, it is that three-phase alternating-current supply (10) passes through which, which seamlessly transits soft start structure,
Threephase switch (20) is connect with current-limiting resistance (31)；Voltage sensor is equipped between threephase switch (20) and three-phase alternating-current supply (10)
Device (51), voltage sensor (51) includes ua、ub、ucVoltage sensor；The both ends of three-phase current-limiting resistance (31) are parallel with by three-phase
Road contactor (30)；Three-phase current-limiting resistance (31) is connect by three-phase reactor (40) with power inverter (60) input terminal, and three
Three-phase line between phase reactor (40) and power inverter (60) is equipped with current sensor (50), current sensor (50)
Including ia、ib、icCurrent sensor；The output end of power inverter (60) and load (73) are correspondingly connected with and are connected to filter capacitor
(71), filter capacitor (71) both ends are equipped with voltage sensor (72)；
Voltage sensor (72) is connect with the input terminal of PWM rectifier outer voltage (140), PWM rectifier outer voltage (140)
Output end id *It is connect with the input terminal of vector type soft start instruction transition scheme module (120), vector type soft start instructed
Cross the output end i of scheme module (120)d * _soft、iq * _softIt is connect with the input terminal of PWM rectifier current inner loop (130)；
Voltage sensor (51) is connect with the input terminal of phaselocked loop (80) and network voltage abc/dq transformation (90), current sensor
(50) it is connect with the input terminal of power network current abc/dq transformation (91), while the output end of phaselocked loop (80) and network voltage abc/
Dq transformation (90), power network current abc/dq transformation (91) are connected with the input terminal of dq/ α β transformation (110), network voltage abc/dq
The output end of transformation (90) and power network current abc/dq transformation (91) is connect with the input terminal of PWM rectifier current inner loop (130)；
The output end of PWM rectifier current inner loop (130) is connect with other two input terminal of dq/ α β transformation (110), dq/ α β
The output end of transformation (110) is connect with the input terminal of SVPWM module (100), and the output of SVPWM module (100) becomes as power
The driving signal of parallel operation (60),
Seamlessly transit soft start structure based on above-mentioned PWM rectifier vector type current-order, which is characterized in that this method according to
Following steps are implemented:
Step 1) controls, detailed process is in the uncontrollable rectifier stage according to uncontrollable rectifier operating mode:
It is closed threephase switch (10), device powers on, and PWM rectifier starting establishes the busbar voltage of normal work, by working not
The anti-paralleled diode of control rectification mode charges rapidly for DC bus capacitor reaches switching voltage；
In t0Moment, microcontroller detect that DC bus has reached switching voltage, and three-phase bypass contactor (20) is attracted, cuts away
Three-phase current-limiting resistance (31) acquires power network current Vector Message I (0), I (0)=id(0)+jiq(0), id(0) it is sweared for watt current
Initial value is measured, unit is A；J is imaginary unit；iqIt (0) is reactive current vector initial value, unit is A；
Step 2) carries out smooth transition soft start, switches to PWM rectification operating mode from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode
The PWM rectification operating mode moment is switched to from uncontrollable rectifier operating mode in PWM rectifier, power network current vector is at this time
I (0)=id(0)+jiq(0), idIt (0) is watt current vector initial value, unit is A；J is imaginary unit；iqIt (0) is reactive current
Vector initial value, unit are A；
For make actual current vector whithin a period of time smooth transition to instruction value I*, enable I*=id *+jiq *, id *For watt current
Instruction value, unit are A (peaces)；J is imaginary unit；iq *For referenced reactive current value, unit is A (peace)；Enable switching moment electric current
The instruction value I of vector*(0)=I (0), i.e. instruction value initial value should track the actual current value of switching moment, at the end of transient process
Current phasor instruction value should be I*,
Specific implementation process is as follows:
If total transit time is ttr, unit is s；It is N that current phasor, which instructs transition umber of beats,；The control period is TC, unit is s；Then
Total transit time is transition umber of beats and the product for controlling the period, such as following formula (1):
ttr=NTC (1)
The soft start current-order that then kth is clapped is transformed to following formula (2):
In formula (2), in t=kTCMoment, k=0,1,2,3 ..., N, id * _soft(k) the active electricity of vector type soft start is clapped for kth
Instruction value is flowed, unit is A；iq * _soft(k) the referenced reactive current value of vector type soft start is clapped for kth, unit is A；Vector refers to
Enabling migration path and d axle clamp angle is γ, and unit is rad, idIt (0) is watt current vector initial value, unit is A；iqIt (0) is idle
Current phasor initial value, unit are A；id *For active current command value, unit is A；iq *For referenced reactive current value, unit is A,
Using the vector type soft start transition equation of formula (1) and formula (2), by total transit time ttrAfterwards, vector type soft start knot
Beam, current phasor instruction value are seamlessly transitted to I*；
Outer voltage is added in step 3),.
2. the vector type soft-start method of PWM rectifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3)
In, detailed process is:
In t1Moment, actual electric network current phasor smooth pursuit to instruction value I*, outer voltage is put at this time, to DC bus
Voltage carries out closed-loop control, and so far, PWM rectifier is completely into normal operating conditions.
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