CN117532195A - A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and its preparation process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy processing, specifically a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and a preparation process thereof. By generating a scandium layer in situ on the graphene surface, and then generating a nickel@silicon layer in situ, a graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material is obtained. Together with other reinforcing phase particles, the aluminum-magnesium alloy can be treated with rare earth metals. The performance of the welding wire was improved, and by controlling the solid phase fraction, a high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire was finally prepared. The aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following raw material components: magnesium 4-6%, chromium 0.3-0.5%, manganese 0.05-0.2%, zinc 0.02-0.05%, rare earth metals 0.5-1.5%, Reinforcement phase particles are 1 to 2%, and the rest are aluminum and unavoidable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%.

Description

A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and its preparation process

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy processing, specifically a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and a preparation process thereof.

Background technique

With the development of modern science and technology, various new technologies and new processes are constantly emerging. In practice, people are constantly putting forward new or higher requirements for the performance of materials. As a wire welding material that fills metal, welding wire occupies an indispensable position in mechanical equipment.

In economic construction, especially in electric power, metallurgy and infrastructure construction, a large number of mechanical equipment are used. Various mechanical equipment suffers from wear and tear of metal parts to varying degrees during use, and the working environment of most mechanical equipment is high temperature. High corrosion and other harsh environments have put forward higher requirements for welding wires. At the same time, they are not only required to achieve better connection capabilities, but also need to have good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance; however, existing welding wires are required to have process and material selection due to Defects lead to unsatisfactory hardness, wear resistance, and high temperature resistance. Therefore, how to improve and optimize them has become an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved in the process of optimizing welding wire preparation technology.

In summary, the present invention will prepare a high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire to adapt to harsh environments, extend the service life of mechanical equipment, and bring higher economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and a preparation process thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire. The aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following raw material components: calculated as mass percentage: magnesium 4-6%, chromium 0.3-0.5%, manganese 0.05-0.2%, zinc 0.02~0.05%, rare earth metals 0.5~1.5%, reinforcing phase particles 1~2%, and the rest are aluminum and inevitable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%.

Preferably, the rare earth metal includes but is not limited to at least one of cerium, yttrium, and erbium.

Preferably, the rare earth metal is obtained by mixing cerium, yttrium, and erbium in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

Preferably, the reinforcing phase particles include but are not limited to at least one of silicon carbide, chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, and titanium boride.

More optimally, the reinforcing phase particles must also include graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material.

More optimally, the reinforcing phase particles are obtained by mixing silicon carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium boride, and graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite materials in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:2.

More optimally, the preparation method of the graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material is:

(1) Grind graphene to powder, add it to a tetrahydrofuran solution, and disperse it with ultrasonic for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain a graphene suspension with a concentration of 2×10 ^-4 to 2×10 ^-3 g/mL;

(2) Under argon protection, add naphthalene, scandium source, and reducing agent to the graphene suspension, stir and react for 2 to 6 hours at 20 to 80°C, wait for it to naturally cool to room temperature, and then centrifuge. Wash and dry to obtain graphene/scandium composite material;

(3) Add nano-silicon to a 30 to 40 wt% ethanol solution, add hydrofluoric acid, and stir for 15 to 30 minutes to add hydrogen to the surface of the nano-silicon to obtain pretreated nano-silicon;

(4) Immerse the pretreated nano-silicon in the electroless plating solution for 20 to 50 minutes to coat the surface with a layer of metallic nickel to obtain a nickel@silicon composite material;

(5) Add the nickel@silicon composite material to triethylene glycol, stir for 5 to 15 minutes, then add the alkaline solution of graphene/scandium composite material to it, stir for 8 to 16 hours at 150 to 200°C, and filter , washing, drying, and finally heating to 300-500°C under argon protection and annealing for 3-6 hours to obtain graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material.

Preferably, the scandium source includes any one of scandium isopropoxide and scandium acetylacetonate hydrate.

Preferably, the reducing agent includes any one of potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium.

More optimally, the mass ratio of the graphene, naphthalene, scandium source, and reducing agent is 1:50:(5-8):25.

More optimally, the mass ratio of the nano silicon and hydrofluoric acid is 1:1.5.

More optimally, the electroless plating solution consists of 20-30g/L nickel chloride, 25-45g/L triammonium citrate, 20-25g/L sodium hypophosphite, 5-20g/L sodium citrate, 30-70mg /L sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture, add ammonia water to adjust the pH value of the electroless plating solution to 8 to 10.

More optimally, the preparation method of the alkaline solution of the graphene/scandium composite material is as follows: adding the graphene/scandium composite material to a 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonic dispersion for 5 to 15 minutes, and preparing a concentration of 20 ~30wt% alkaline solution of graphene/scandium composite.

More optimally, the mass ratio of the graphene/scandium composite material and the nickel@silicon composite material is 1: (0.5-1).

More optimally, the preparation method of the high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is:

(1) Under the protection of argon gas, preheat the crucible to 250~300℃, add aluminum ingots and raise the temperature to 680~720℃ to melt the aluminum ingots and obtain liquid aluminum;

(2) Add magnesium, chromium, manganese, and zinc to the aluminum liquid, stir for 5 to 15 minutes, then add rare earth metals and stir for 5 to 15 minutes, and finally raise the temperature to 780 to 820°C, add reinforcing phase particles, and cool down to the alloy Semi-solid state, stir for 30 to 60 minutes;

(3) Raise the temperature to 730~740℃, keep it warm for 30~60min, then remove the residue on the surface of the melt, and then ultrasonic treat it for 15~30min at a power of 1~2Kw and a frequency of 18~22KHz;

(4) Cast the molten liquid into a preheated mold to obtain an ingot. After it is naturally cooled to room temperature, it is then heat treated and drawn to obtain a high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.

Preferably, the solid phase fraction in the semi-solid state of the alloy is 40-50%.

More optimally, the heat treatment is as follows: heating the ingot to 400-500°C, holding it for 2-4 hours, then performing oil quenching, and finally raising the temperature to 150-200°C, holding it for 5-10 hours, and then waiting for it to cool naturally from room temperature to complete. heat treatment process.

Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: the present invention improves the performance of the aluminum-magnesium alloy by blending the components of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and adding rare earth metals and reinforcing phase particles; among which the reinforcing phase particles mainly By refining the grains, the properties of the aluminum-magnesium alloy are improved, and the rare earth metals compensate for the elongation of the aluminum-magnesium alloy. The combination of the two makes the aluminum-magnesium alloy have better high temperature resistance and wear resistance.

In the scheme (1), a scandium layer is first generated in situ on the surface of graphene, and then a nickel@silicon layer is generated in situ on the surface, and a graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material is finally prepared, and By controlling the reaction time, a composite material of appropriate size is prepared; graphene is coated in the composite material to avoid agglomeration of graphene in the melt; in addition, scandium can have a strong impact on the refinement of aluminum alloy grains , its scandium aluminum that is coherent with the aluminum matrix can pin dislocations, prevent the recrystallization of the alloy, produce significant substructural strengthening, thereby significantly improving the mechanical properties and recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy. In addition, it can also Improve weldability; the nickel@silicon plays a deoxidizing role and can improve the performance of the weld metal during the welding process;

(2) Mix the prepared graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite with silicon carbide, titanium carbonitride, and titanium boride at a certain mass ratio as reinforcing phase particles to synergistically strengthen the aluminum-magnesium alloy; reinforcing phase particles Mainly by refining the grains, the grains receive a certain pushing effect during the growth process, thereby achieving the effect of hindering the growth of the grains, making the alloy denser, thereby improving the properties of the alloy, and ultimately improving the alloy. The role of wear resistance and high temperature resistance;

(3) Although the reinforced phase particles can greatly improve the density of the aluminum-magnesium alloy and make it have high temperature resistance and wear resistance, the elongation of the material will be significantly affected, so more aluminum-magnesium alloys are added to the plan. Chromium and rare earth metals can be improved. In addition, rare earth metals can eliminate harmful impurities in the alloy, thereby improving the thermal stability of the alloy and giving it better high temperature resistance and mechanical properties;

In the (4) plan, semi-solid stirring-assisted ultrasonic method is used to prepare aluminum-magnesium alloy during the melting and stirring process. The solid phase fraction in the semi-solid state of the alloy is controlled by controlling the temperature and holding time to obtain a better microstructure and a more fine and uniform structure. grains, thereby improving the properties of the aluminum-magnesium alloy, and finally subjecting it to homogenization heat treatment to eliminate uneven internal components and segregation, further improving the properties of the alloy.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It should be noted that the purchasing manufacturers of all raw materials involved in the present invention include, without any special restrictions, examples: In the following examples, graphene purity is 99.9%, product number: AM-C3-065-1, thickness: 0.5nm , flakes (Zhejiang Yamei Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.), tetrahydrofuran purity is 99% (Changzhou Qidi Chemical Co., Ltd.), naphthalene purity is 99% (Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.), scandium isopropoxide purity is 99%, CAS No.: 60406-93-1, product number: JJL241301010101010101, potassium powder purity is 99% (Nanjing Reagent Co., Ltd.), nano-silicon purity is 99.5%, particle size 16±3nm (Shanghai Gexin Nano Technology Co., Ltd.), hydrofluoride The purity of acid is 99% (Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.), the purity of triethylene glycol is 99% (Shanghai Biyang Industrial Co., Ltd.), the purity of nickel chloride is 99% (Hubei Chengfeng Chemical Co., Ltd.), and triammonium citrate The purity is 99% (Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.), the purity of sodium hypophosphite is 99% (Hubei Jusheng Technology Co., Ltd.), the purity of sodium citrate is 99% (Hubei Yongkuo Technology Co., Ltd.), dodecyl sulfonate The purity of sodium acid is 99% (Hubei Yongkuo Technology Co., Ltd.), the purity of sodium hydroxide is 99% (Nanjing Reagent Co., Ltd.), the purity of magnesium is 99.9% (Strength Supplier of Yifan Chemical Industry), and the purity of chromium powder is 99% ( Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.), manganese purity is 99% (Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.), zinc purity is 95% (Nanjing Reagent Co., Ltd.), cerium purity is 99.5% (Beijing Hongyu New Material Technology Co., Ltd. ), the purity of yttrium is 99% (Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.), the purity of erbium is 99.9% (Shanghai Dingmiao Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.), the purity of silicon carbide is 99.9% (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), carbon nitrogen The purity of titanium carbide is 99% (Hefei Aijia New Material Technology Co., Ltd.), and the purity of titanium boride is 99.9% (Shanghai Yunfu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.).

Chemical plating solution: The chemical plating solution is composed of 25g/L nickel chloride, 40g/L triammonium citrate, 20g/L sodium hypophosphite, 15g/L sodium citrate, and 45mg/L sodium dodecyl sulfonate. Add ammonia to adjust the pH value of the electroless plating solution to 9;

Alkaline solution of graphene/scandium composite material: Add 25 parts of graphene/scandium composite material to 75 parts of 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonically disperse for 15 minutes, and prepare a graphene/scandium composite material with a concentration of 25wt% of alkaline solution.

Example 1: Preparation process of a high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire:

Step 1: (1) Add 10 parts of graphene powder to the tetrahydrofuran solution and disperse it by ultrasonic for 60 minutes to obtain a graphene suspension with a concentration of 2×10 ^-3 g/mL; (2) Under argon protection, Add 500 parts of naphthalene, 65 parts of scandium isopropoxide, and 250 parts of potassium powder to the graphene suspension. Stir and react for 5 hours at 60°C. After cooling to room temperature naturally, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain Graphene/scandium composite material; (3) Add 10 parts of nano-silicon to a 35wt% ethanol solution, add 15 parts of hydrofluoric acid, and stir for 30 minutes to add hydrogen to the surface of the nano-silicon to obtain pre-treated nano-silicon; (4) Immerse the pretreated nano-silicon in the electroless plating solution for 30 minutes to coat the surface with a layer of metallic nickel to obtain a nickel@silicon composite material; (5) Add 8 parts of the nickel@silicon composite material to 20 parts of the In glycol, stir for 10 minutes, then add 40 parts of the alkaline solution of graphene/scandium composite material to it, stir for 12 hours at 180°C, filter, wash, dry, and finally raise the temperature to 400°C under argon protection. , annealed for 5 hours to obtain graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material;

Step 2: (1) Mix cerium, yttrium, and erbium in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain rare earth metals;

(2) Mix silicon carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium boride, graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:2 to obtain reinforcement phase particles;

Step 3: (1) Under argon protection, preheat the crucible to 250°C, add aluminum ingots and heat it to 700°C to melt the aluminum ingots to obtain aluminum liquid; (2) Add magnesium powder and chromium powder to the aluminum liquid. , manganese powder, and zinc powder. After stirring for 10 minutes, add rare earth metal and stir for 10 minutes. Finally, raise the temperature to 800°C, add reinforcement phase particles, and cool down to the semi-solid state of the alloy. Check that the solid phase fraction is 45±1%, and stir for 45 minutes. ; (3) Raise the temperature to 740°C, keep it warm for 60 minutes, then remove the residue on the surface of the melt, and then ultrasonic treat it for 15 minutes at a power of 1.5Kw and a frequency of 20KHz; (4) Cast the melt into the preheated mold , the ingot is obtained; (5) After it is naturally cooled to room temperature, the ingot is heated to 470°C, kept for 4 hours, then oil quenched, finally raised to 180°C, kept for 10 hours, heat treatment completed, and finally drawn into shape. ,get High temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire;

The high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following mass percentage raw material components: magnesium 5.2%, chromium 0.4%, manganese 0.12%, zinc 0.03%, rare earth metal 1.1%, reinforcing phase particles 1.5%, and the rest is aluminum and unavoidable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%.

Example 2: Preparation process of a high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire:

Step 1: (1) Add 10 parts of graphene powder to the tetrahydrofuran solution and disperse it with ultrasonic for 60 minutes to obtain a graphene suspension with a concentration of 2×10 ^-4 g/mL; (2) Under argon protection, Add 500 parts of naphthalene, 50 parts of scandium isopropoxide, and 250 parts of potassium powder to the graphene suspension. Stir and react for 2 hours at 20°C. After naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain Graphene/scandium composite material; (3) Add 10 parts of nano-silicon to a 35wt% ethanol solution, add 15 parts of hydrofluoric acid, stir for 15 minutes, so that hydrogen is attached to the surface of the nano-silicon, and the pre-treated nano-silicon is obtained; (4) Immerse the pretreated nano-silicon in the electroless plating solution for 30 minutes to coat the surface with a layer of metallic nickel to obtain a nickel@silicon composite material; (5) Add 5 parts of the nickel@silicon composite material to 20 parts of the In glycol, stir for 10 minutes, then add 40 parts of the alkaline solution of graphene/scandium composite material to it, stir for 12 hours at 180°C, filter, wash, dry, and finally raise the temperature to 400°C under argon protection. , annealed for 5 hours to obtain graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material;

Step 2: (1) Mix cerium, yttrium, and erbium in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain rare earth metals;

(2) Mix silicon carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium boride, graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:2 to obtain reinforcement phase particles;

Step 3: (1) Under argon protection, preheat the crucible to 250°C, add aluminum ingots and heat it to 700°C to melt the aluminum ingots to obtain aluminum liquid; (2) Add magnesium powder and chromium powder to the aluminum liquid. , manganese powder, zinc powder, stir for 10 minutes, then add rare earth metal and stir for 10 minutes, finally raise the temperature to 800°C, add reinforcement phase particles, and cool down to the semi-solid state of the alloy at the same time, detect the solid phase fraction at 40±1%, stir for 60 minutes ; (3) Raise the temperature to 740°C, keep it warm for 30 minutes, then remove the residue on the surface of the melt, and then ultrasonic treat it for 15 minutes at a power of 1.5Kw and a frequency of 20KHz; (4) Cast the melt into the preheated mold , the ingot is obtained; (5) After it is naturally cooled to room temperature, the ingot is heated to 400°C, held for 2 hours, then oil quenched, finally raised to 150°C, held for 5 hours, heat treatment completed, and finally drawn into shape. ,get High temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire;

The high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following mass percentage raw material components: magnesium 5.2%, chromium 0.4%, manganese 0.12%, zinc 0.03%, rare earth metal 1.1%, reinforcing phase particles 1.5%, and the rest is aluminum and unavoidable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%.

Example 3: Preparation process of a high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire:

Step 1: (1) Add 10 parts of graphene powder to the tetrahydrofuran solution and disperse it by ultrasonic for 60 minutes to obtain a graphene suspension with a concentration of 2×10 ^-3 g/mL; (2) Under argon protection, Add 500 parts of naphthalene, 80 parts of scandium isopropoxide, and 250 parts of potassium powder to the graphene suspension. Stir and react for 6 hours at 80°C. After naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain Graphene/scandium composite material; (3) Add 10 parts of nano-silicon to a 35wt% ethanol solution, add 15 parts of hydrofluoric acid, and stir for 30 minutes to add hydrogen to the surface of the nano-silicon to obtain pre-treated nano-silicon; (4) Immerse the pretreated nano-silicon into the electroless plating solution for 50 minutes to coat the surface with a layer of metallic nickel to obtain a nickel@silicon composite material; (5) Add 10 parts of the nickel@silicon composite material to 20 parts of the In glycol, stir for 10 minutes, then add 40 parts of the alkaline solution of graphene/scandium composite material to it, stir for 12 hours at 180°C, filter, wash, dry, and finally raise the temperature to 400°C under argon protection. , annealed for 5 hours to obtain graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material;

Step 2: (1) Mix cerium, yttrium, and erbium in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain rare earth metals;

(2) Mix silicon carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium boride, graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:2 to obtain reinforcement phase particles;

Step 3: (1) Under argon protection, preheat the crucible to 250°C, add aluminum ingots and raise the temperature to 700°C to melt the aluminum ingots to obtain aluminum liquid; (2) Add magnesium powder and chromium powder to the aluminum liquid. , manganese powder, zinc powder, stir for 10 minutes, then add rare earth metal and stir for 10 minutes, finally raise the temperature to 800°C, add reinforcement phase particles, and cool down to the semi-solid state of the alloy at the same time, detect the solid phase fraction at 50±1%, stir for 30 minutes ; (3) Raise the temperature to 740°C, keep it warm for 60 minutes, then remove the residue on the surface of the melt, and then ultrasonic treat it for 15 minutes at a power of 1.5Kw and a frequency of 20KHz; (4) Cast the melt into the preheated mold , the ingot is obtained; (5) After it is naturally cooled to room temperature, the ingot is heated to 500°C, kept for 4 hours, then oil quenched, finally raised to 200°C, kept for 10 hours, heat treatment completed, and finally drawn into shape. ,get High temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire;

The high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following mass percentage raw material components: magnesium 5.2%, chromium 0.4%, manganese 0.12%, zinc 0.03%, rare earth metal 1.1%, reinforcing phase particles 1.5%, and the rest is aluminum and unavoidable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%.

Embodiment 4: The high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following mass percentage raw material components: magnesium 5.2%, chromium 0.4%, manganese 0.12%, zinc 0.03%, rare earth metal 0.5%, and reinforcing phase particles 1% , the rest is aluminum and unavoidable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%.

Embodiment 5: The high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following mass percentage raw material components: magnesium 5.2%, chromium 0.4%, manganese 0.12%, zinc 0.03%, rare earth metal 1.5%, and reinforcing phase particles 2% , the rest is aluminum and unavoidable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%.

Comparative Example 1: No reinforcing phase particles are added, otherwise the same as Example 1;

Comparative Example 2: No graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material is added to the reinforcing phase particles, and the others are the same as Example 1;

Comparative Example 3: Use graphene/scandium composite material instead of graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material, otherwise the same as Example 1;

Comparative Example 4: The solid phase fraction in the semi-solid state of the alloy is 30±1%, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

Performance test: The high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wires prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were subjected to Rockwell hardness testing, tensile strength testing, and elongation. The specific data are as shown in Table 1: Specific The detection method is as follows:

(1) Testing of Rockwell hardness: Use HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester to measure the surface hardness of high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium welding wire at 25°C and 400°C;

(2) Testing of tensile strength: Use WE-10 hydraulic tensile testing machine at 25℃ and 400℃ to test tensile stress at a tensile speed of 0.05mm/min. The corresponding mechanical properties of each set are Take the average of 3 groups.

Table 1

Result analysis: According to the Rockwell hardness data at different temperatures, it can be seen that the prepared aluminum-magnesium alloy has high hardness. Comparing the examples and comparative examples, it has excellent high temperature resistance; and at different temperatures, it still has high hardness. Tensile strength, Comparing Examples and Comparative Examples, it can be seen that the graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material prepared by the present invention can refine the grains of the aluminum-magnesium welding wire, improve the density of the welding wire, and make the welding wire perform at room temperature and high temperature. The hardness and tensile strength have been significantly improved, that is, the high temperature resistance and wear resistance of aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire have been significantly improved.

Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it is still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some of the technical features may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, characterized in that: the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following raw material components, calculated as mass percentage: magnesium 4-6%, chromium 0.3-0.5%, manganese 0.05~0.2%, zinc 0.02~0.05%, rare earth metals 0.5~1.5%, reinforcing phase particles 1~2%, the rest is aluminum and inevitable impurities, of which impurities are ≤0.03%; The rare earth metal includes at least one of cerium, yttrium, and erbium; The reinforcing phase particles include at least one of silicon carbide, chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, and titanium boride. 2. A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reinforcing phase particles further include graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material. 3. A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation method of the graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material is: (1) Add graphene powder to the tetrahydrofuran solution and disperse it ultrasonically for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain a graphene suspension with a concentration of 2×10 ^-4 to 2×10 ^-3 g/mL; (2) Under argon protection, add naphthalene, scandium source, and reducing agent to the graphene suspension, stir and react for 2 to 6 hours at 20 to 80°C, wait for it to naturally cool to room temperature, and then centrifuge. Wash and dry to obtain graphene/scandium composite material; (3) Add nano silicon to 30 to 40 wt% ethanol solution, add hydrofluoric acid, and stir for 15 to 30 minutes to obtain pretreated nano silicon; (4) Immerse the pretreated nano-silicon into the electroless plating solution for 20 to 50 minutes to obtain a nickel@silicon composite material; (5) Add the nickel@silicon composite material to triethylene glycol, stir for 5 to 15 minutes, then add the alkaline solution of graphene/scandium composite material to it, stir for 8 to 16 hours at 150 to 200°C, and filter , washing, drying, and finally heating to 300-500°C under argon protection and annealing for 3-6 hours to obtain graphene/scandium/nickel@silicon composite material. 4. A kind of high temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the graphene/scandium composite material and the nickel@silicon composite material is 1:(0.5~1 ). 5. A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reinforcing phase particles are silicon carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium boride, graphene/scandium/nickel@ The silicon composite material is mixed with a mass ratio of 2:1:1:2. 6. A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that the rare earth metal is obtained by mixing cerium, yttrium, and erbium in a mass ratio of 1:1:1. 7. A high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that: the scandium source includes any one of scandium isopropoxide and hydrated scandium acetylacetonate; the reducing agent includes Any one of potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium; the mass ratio of the graphene, naphthalene, scandium source, and reducing agent is 1:50:(5~8):25; the nanometer silicon, hydrofluoric acid The mass ratio of the two is 1:1.5. 8. The preparation process of a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is: (1) Under argon protection, preheat the crucible to 250-300°C, add aluminum ingots and heat it to 680-720°C to melt the aluminum ingots and obtain liquid aluminum; (2) Add magnesium, chromium, manganese, and zinc to the aluminum liquid, stir for 5 to 15 minutes, then add rare earth metals and stir for 5 to 15 minutes, and finally raise the temperature to 780 to 820°C, add reinforcement phase particles, and cool down to the alloy Semi-solid state, stir for 30 to 60 minutes; (3) Raise the temperature to 730~740℃, keep it warm for 30~60min, then remove the residue on the surface of the melt, and then ultrasonic treat it for 15~30min at a power of 1~2Kw and a frequency of 18~22KHz; (4) Cast the molten liquid into a preheated mold to obtain an ingot. After it is naturally cooled to room temperature, it is then heat treated and drawn to obtain a high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire. 9. The preparation process of a high-temperature and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 8, characterized in that: the solid phase fraction in the semi-solid state of the alloy is 40 to 50%. 10. The preparation process of a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 8, characterized in that: the heat treatment is: heating the ingot to 400-500°C, maintaining the temperature for 2-4 hours, and then performing Oil quenching, finally raising the temperature to 150~200℃, and keeping it warm for 5~10h.