CN117531352A - Mercury capturing and absorbing device and method - Google Patents
Mercury capturing and absorbing device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117531352A CN117531352A CN202410028099.XA CN202410028099A CN117531352A CN 117531352 A CN117531352 A CN 117531352A CN 202410028099 A CN202410028099 A CN 202410028099A CN 117531352 A CN117531352 A CN 117531352A
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- mercury
- waste gas
- transverse plate
- absorbent
- capturing
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003254 anti-foaming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008763 Mercury poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010027439 Metal poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8665—Removing heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of mercury-containing waste gas treatment and discloses a mercury capturing and absorbing device and method. There is provided a mercury capture absorption apparatus comprising a capture reactor and an absorber; the capture reactor comprises a reaction tank, wherein a first-stage adsorption unit for capturing granular mercury in the waste gas and an oxidation unit for oxidizing elemental mercury are arranged in the reaction tank; the absorber comprises an absorption tower, the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet communicated with the reaction tank, a mixing unit, a demisting unit and a secondary adsorption unit are arranged in the absorption tower from bottom to top, the mixing unit comprises an air distribution piece and a defoaming assembly, and the air distribution piece is communicated with the air inlet and is uniformly provided with a plurality of air dispersing openings on the surface. The method is characterized in that after the oxidation unit oxidizes elemental mercury, waste gas is shunted into the absorbent through the air dispersing port to form bubbles, the defoaming component breaks up the bubbles so that the absorbent fully reacts with oxidized mercury in the waste gas, and mist and the elemental mercury in the waste gas are removed by the demisting unit and the secondary adsorption unit respectively.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mercury-containing waste gas treatment, in particular to a mercury capturing and absorbing device and method.
Background
The flue gas produced in the coal of power plants and industrial coal contains a large amount of particulate mercury (HgP) or elemental mercury (Hg) 0 ) And mercury is a heavy metal with high toxicity and volatility, and the mercury in the waste gas diffuses faster than the mercury in the solid-phase and liquid-phase environments, has stronger mobility, and can finally lead to personnel mercury poisoning through respiration or continuous enrichment of food chains.
At present, the mercury-containing waste gas treatment process mainly comprises two processes of mercury capturing and mercury absorbing, in the mercury absorbing process, gaseous mercury-containing waste gas is introduced into a liquid absorbent, ions in the mercury and the absorbent are combined to generate precipitation through oxidation-reduction reaction, and finally the precipitation is discharged for uniform treatment.
However, when the exhaust gas is introduced into the absorbent solution, larger bubbles are generated, the bubbles move upward to the surface of the absorbent more quickly, and harmful gas in the bubbles which is not absorbed by the absorbent escapes to the outside of the absorbent, so that the reaction between the gas and the absorbent is insufficient, the absorption efficiency of mercury is reduced, and the escaped exhaust gas is discharged into the air without filtering harmful substances, and the harm is still caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of insufficient reaction between mercury-containing waste gas and absorbent solution, the application provides a mercury capturing and absorbing device and method.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a mercury capturing and absorbing device, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a mercury capture absorption apparatus comprising a capture reactor and an absorber;
the capture reactor comprises a reaction tank with an air suction port and an air outlet, wherein a first-stage adsorption unit for capturing granular mercury in waste gas and an oxidation unit for oxidizing elemental mercury in the waste gas are arranged in the reaction tank;
the absorber comprises an absorption tower, wherein the bottom and the top of the absorption tower are respectively provided with a liquid outlet and an air outlet, the outer wall of the absorption tower is also respectively provided with a supplementing port for supplementing an absorbent and an air inlet communicated with the air outlet, a mixing unit, a demisting unit and a secondary adsorption unit are respectively arranged in the absorption tower from bottom to top, the mixing unit comprises a gas distribution part and a defoaming component, the gas distribution part is a tubular part communicated with the air inlet, and a plurality of air dispersing ports are uniformly distributed on the surface of the gas distribution part;
after the elemental mercury is oxidized by the oxidation unit, the elemental mercury is introduced into the gas distribution piece and is shunted into the absorbent through a plurality of gas dispersing ports to form bubbles, the defoaming component is used for dispersing the bubbles, the defogging unit is used for removing fog in the waste gas, and the secondary adsorption unit is used for capturing the elemental mercury in the waste gas.
Through the technical scheme, the waste gas after coal burning is introduced into the reaction tank through the air suction port, wherein granular substances such as granular mercury in the waste gas are adsorbed by the first-stage adsorption unit, elemental mercury is catalyzed and oxidized by the oxidation unit to be combined into oxidized mercury (Hg < 2+ >, hg < + >), the waste gas containing oxidized mercury is introduced into the absorption tower, the waste gas firstly enters the tubular air distribution piece through the air inlet, and then is dispersed into smaller air flow by a plurality of air dispersing ports of the air distribution piece and then enters the absorbent to form smaller air bubbles, so that the contact area of the waste gas and the absorbent is increased, the absorbent reacts with the oxidized mercury to generate sediment, and the foam breaking component can further break up the air bubbles to be smaller, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency and effect; in addition, the gas distribution piece and the defoaming component can also generate turbulent flow effect, so that the speed of the waste gas rising out of the absorbent is slower, the reaction is more sufficient, and mercury-containing substances in the waste gas can be effectively removed. The waste gas continuously flows upwards through the absorbent, mist and charged particles in the waste gas are removed by the demisting unit, escaped and residual elemental mercury in the waste gas are captured by the secondary adsorption unit, finally, the waste gas after being filtered and purified enters the next treatment procedure through an exhaust port at the top of the absorption tower or is directly discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the emission standard, the absorbent after being absorbed and saturated is discharged from a liquid outlet at the bottom for treatment, and the absorbent is continuously supplemented through a supplementing port to continuously treat the waste gas containing mercury.
Optionally, the air distribution member is spiral.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the heliciform cloth gas piece can extend in the absorption tower spiral to increase the area of contact with the absorbent, and then can increase the quantity of gas vent, make waste gas also can be in the absorbent in different high positions through the gas vent discharge, thereby contact with the absorbent more evenly and fully absorbed, improved the treatment effeciency to mercury-containing waste gas.
Optionally, defoaming subassembly including along vertical sliding connection in first diaphragm and the second diaphragm of gas distribution spare top in the absorption tower, first diaphragm parallel arrangement in the top of second diaphragm, first diaphragm with the second diaphragm is connected with the elastic component that drives both and be close to each other respectively, first diaphragm with a plurality of first holes and second holes have been seted up respectively to the second diaphragm, just the area of first hole is less than the area of second hole, be provided with between first diaphragm with the second diaphragm and support pushing member and drive support pushing member pivoted first driving piece, support pushing member can promote alternately when rotating first diaphragm with the second diaphragm moves along vertical direction.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the first driving piece drives the pushing piece to rotate, the pushing piece can push the first transverse plate to move upwards and then push the second transverse plate to move downwards, so that the first transverse plate is driven to reset by the elastic piece when the pushing piece is separated from the first transverse plate, and the second transverse plate is driven to reset by the elastic piece when the pushing piece is separated from the second transverse plate, so that the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate vibrate up and down continuously, wave-shaped swing is generated in the absorbent, bubbles can be disturbed, and the efficiency of the waste gas escaping the absorbent upwards is slowed down; and when the bubbles pass through the second transverse plate and the first transverse plate upwards, the bubbles can be sequentially extruded by the second holes and the first holes to become smaller, so that the absorption effect of the absorbent is further improved, and the possibility of escaping mercury-containing substances in the waste gas is reduced.
Optionally, sliding connection has a plurality of risers that the interval set up between the first diaphragm with the second diaphragm, the riser slides along the horizontal direction.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the impeller promotes first diaphragm or second diaphragm along vertical removal, can drive another diaphragm along with the vibration through the connection of riser to improve the vibration effect, moreover, the riser is sliding connection on first diaphragm and second diaphragm, and the riser also can be driven and carry out horizontal direction's vibrations, further improves the disturbing effect to the absorbent, makes the mercury-containing harmful substance in the waste gas absorbed more fully.
Optionally, the first driving part includes a return pipe and a water pump arranged on the return pipe, a liquid return port for connecting the return pipe is formed on the inner wall of the absorption tower between the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate, and one end of the return pipe far away from the liquid return port extends upwards to above the first transverse plate and is connected with a spray head; and one end of the return pipe, which is close to the liquid return port, is rotationally connected with a paddle, and the pushing piece is connected to the paddle.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mercury impurities in the waste gas can be precipitated after being adsorbed, and the waste gas flows from bottom to top, so that the content of the upper part of the absorbent solution is larger than that of the lower part, the water pump sucks the absorbent on the upper part into the return pipe, and then the absorbent is sprayed through the spray head above the absorbent surface, so that the waste gas escaping from the absorbent surface is absorbed again, and the absorption rate is further improved. When the water pump pumps the absorbent into the return pipe, the water flow can press the paddle to rotate, so that the pushing piece is driven to move, and the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate can vibrate up and down.
Optionally, each riser is provided with a plurality of third holes, and the third holes on the riser from far to near the liquid return port are gradually reduced.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, offer the liquid of third hole on the riser and be convenient for absorbent upper portion by the extraction backward flow, waste gas bubble in the absorbent can be squeezed and diminish when flowing and through the third hole that diminishes gradually along with the absorbent moreover, makes the absorption more abundant.
Optionally, the defoaming subassembly still includes and is located a plurality of stirring leaves of gas distribution spare week side and drive stirring leaf pivoted second driving piece, the second driving piece have with the actuating lever that stirring leaf is connected, the actuating lever towards absorption tower center slope sets up downwards.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the week side of gas distribution spare still is provided with the stirring leaf of slope, can be with the waste gas disorder that looses from the gas distribution hole, slows down the ascending speed of waste gas simultaneously, makes the reaction more fill, gets rid of mercury material.
Optionally, the second driving piece include be fixed in the actuating source on the absorption tower, with the gag lever post of actuating lever parallel and with gag lever post sliding connection's slider, the actuating source drive the actuating lever rotates, reciprocating screw thread has been seted up on the surface of actuating lever, the slider still threaded connection in on the actuating lever, stirring leaf rotate connect in on the slider and threaded connection in on the actuating lever.
By adopting the technical scheme, the driving rod is driven to rotate by adopting the driving source, the sliding block is limited by the driving rod and the limiting rod and can reciprocate on the driving rod, the sliding block can drive the stirring blade to move along the driving rod, the stirring blade can also rotate when moving because of being connected with the driving rod, the stirring blade moves and rotates in the absorbent of the absorption tower, the waste gas scattered from the air distribution holes can be further disturbed, and the stirring She Haineng is positively and negatively rotated alternately, so that the turbulence effect is achieved, the absorbent and the waste gas are fully reacted, and mercury substances are effectively removed; only one driving source is used, so that the energy consumption can be reduced.
Optionally, a check plate is disposed below the mixing unit in the absorption tower, and a plurality of check holes with diameters gradually decreasing from top to bottom are formed in the check plate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the non return hole can supply the absorbent solution that the reaction is saturated to pass through, reduces the possibility that the precipitate in the absorbent upwards flows back simultaneously, guarantees that the absorbent content of non return board top is all great to improve the absorption effect.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a mercury capture absorption method, comprising the following specific steps:
s1, introducing waste gas into a capture reactor, and adsorbing granular mercury in the waste gas by a primary adsorption unit, wherein an oxidation unit catalyzes and oxidizes elemental mercury into oxidized mercury;
s2, pressurizing the waste gas containing oxidized mercury;
s3, introducing the pressurized waste gas into an absorption tower, dispersing the waste gas into an absorbent through a plurality of air dispersing ports of an air distribution piece to form bubbles, scattering the bubbles to be smaller by a defoaming component, and reacting the absorbent with oxidized mercury in the waste gas to generate a precipitate;
s4, removing mist and charged particles in the waste gas by a defogging unit;
s5, capturing residual elemental mercury in the waste gas by the secondary adsorption unit, and discharging the waste gas from an exhaust port to the next treatment process or discharging the waste gas to the atmosphere.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. introducing an exhaust gas port after fire coal into a reaction tank, adsorbing particulate matters such as particulate mercury in the exhaust gas by a first-stage adsorption unit, catalyzing, oxidizing and combining elemental mercury by an oxidation unit into oxidized mercury (Hg < 2+ >, hg < + >), pressurizing the exhaust gas containing oxidized mercury, dispersing the oxidized mercury by a plurality of air dispersing ports of an air distribution piece, and then entering an absorbent to form smaller bubbles, and scattering the bubbles to be smaller and more messy by a defoaming component, so that the contact area of the exhaust gas and the absorbent is increased, the absorbent and the oxidized mercury fully react to generate sediment, and the reaction efficiency and effect are improved;
2. the defoaming subassembly sets up to mobilizable first diaphragm, second diaphragm and riser, but also flexible and pivoted stirring leaf simultaneously, can improve and make absorbent and waste gas fully react.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mercury capturing and absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a capture reactor in accordance with an embodiment one of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an absorber in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the defoaming assembly according to the first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a defoaming assembly in a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of another structure of the defoaming assembly in the second embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals: 1. a capture reactor; 11. a reaction tank; 111. an air suction port; 112. an air outlet; 12. a first-stage adsorption unit; 13. an oxidation unit; 2. an absorber; 3. an absorption tower; 31. a liquid outlet; 32. an exhaust port; 33. a refill port; 34. an air inlet; 35. a liquid return port; 4. a mixing unit; 41. a gas distribution member; 411. an air dispersing port; 42. a defoaming assembly; 421. a first cross plate; 4211. a first hole; 422. a second cross plate; 4221. a second hole; 423. an elastic member; 424. a pushing member; 425. a first driving member; 4251. a return pipe; 4252. a water pump; 4253. a spray head; 4254. a paddle; 426. a riser; 4261. a third hole; 427. stirring the leaves; 428. a second driving member; 4281. a driving rod; 4282. a driving source; 4283. a limit rod; 4284. a slide block; 5. a defogging unit; 6. a secondary adsorption unit; 7. a check plate; 71. a check hole; 8. a pipe; 9. a supercharger.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with figures 1-6.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application discloses a mercury capture absorption apparatus comprising a capture reactor 1 and an absorber 2; the mercury substances in the waste gas after fire coal mainly comprise granular mercury HgP and elemental mercury Hg0, the capture reactor 1 can capture and remove the granular mercury and oxidize the elemental mercury, the absorber 2 is filled with an absorbent solution, and the absorber 2 can realize the full mixing of the absorbent and the oxidized mercury, so that the mercury in the waste gas is effectively removed.
Referring to fig. 2, the capturing reactor 1 includes a hollow reaction tank 11, an air inlet 111 and an air outlet 112 are formed through both ends of an inner cavity of the reaction tank 11, and a primary adsorption unit 12 and an oxidation unit 13 are sequentially provided in the reaction tank 11 from the air inlet 111 toward the air outlet 112. The primary adsorption unit 12 can be powdery activated carbon or an activated carbon fixed bed, preferably a porous activated carbon fixed bed, the activated carbon fixed bed is detachably connected with the reaction tank 11, the activated carbon fixed bed can be directly removed by moving after activated carbon adsorption saturation, a baffle plate is further connected to the reaction tank 11 in a sliding manner, the baffle plate gradually shields a gap between the activated carbon fixed bed and the reaction tank 11 along with the sliding of the activated carbon fixed bed, and therefore the primary adsorption unit 12 can be directly replaced without stopping the mercury capturing and absorbing device, and the operation is more convenient and efficient. The oxidation unit 13 has a catalyst therein, which may be a TiO2 catalyst or a transition metal oxide catalyst. The exhaust gas enters from the air suction port 111, particulate mercury is adsorbed by the first-stage adsorption unit 12, and then elemental mercury is catalytically oxidized into oxidized mercury (Hg < 2+ >, hg < + >) by the oxidation unit 13.
Referring to fig. 1, a pipe 8 is connected between the capturing reactor 1 and the absorber 2, and a supercharger 9 is provided in the pipe 8. The absorber 2 comprises an absorption tower 3, an air inlet 34 is formed in the outer wall of the absorption tower 3, the distance between the air inlet 34 and the bottom of the absorption tower 3 is 0.5-1 m, one end of a pipeline 8 is connected with an air outlet 112, the other end of the pipeline is connected with the air inlet 34, and the pressure of oxidized waste gas is increased after passing through a supercharger 9.
Referring to fig. 3, a liquid outlet 31 and an air outlet 32 are respectively provided at the bottom and top of the absorption tower 3, a supplement port 33 (shown in fig. 1) for supplementing an absorbent is further provided on the outer wall of the absorption tower 3, a check plate 7, a mixing unit 4, a demisting unit 5 and a secondary adsorption unit 6 are respectively installed in the absorption tower 3 from bottom to top, the absorbent can be potassium permanganate or sodium hypochlorite solution, etc., the supplement port 33 is provided between the mixing unit 4 and the demisting unit 5, and the liquid level of the absorbent is maintained between the mixing unit 4 and the supplement port 33 and is located 1-1.5 meters below the supplement port 33. In addition, a minimum liquid level can be set above the mixing unit 4, a water level sensor is installed at the minimum liquid level, and when the liquid level is lower than the water level sensor, a water valve of the replenishment port 33 can be opened to automatically replenish the absorbent.
Referring to fig. 3, the mixing unit 4 includes a gas distribution member 41 and a defoaming component 42, the gas distribution member 41 is a tubular member communicated with the gas inlet 34, a plurality of gas dispersing openings 411 are uniformly distributed on the surface of the gas distribution member 41, one end surface of the gas distribution member 41 far away from the gas inlet 34 is sealed, the gas dispersing openings 411 are arranged into a group along the circumferential array of the gas distribution member 41, a plurality of groups of gas dispersing openings 411 are arranged along the longitudinal array of the gas distribution member 41, waste gas entering the gas distribution member 41 is dispersed into smaller gas flow by the plurality of gas dispersing openings 411 and then enters the absorbent to form smaller bubbles, so that the contact area between the waste gas and the absorbent is increased, the rate of the waste gas rising to the surface of the absorbent can be reduced, and the absorbent and oxidized mercury are fully reacted to generate sediment. In an embodiment, the gas distribution member 41 may be provided as a straight pipe having a length smaller than the inner diameter of the absorption tower 3; referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the air distribution member 41 is preferably in a spiral shape, and the spiral air distribution member 41 can extend spirally in the absorption tower 3, so that the number of the air dispersing ports 411 can be increased, and the exhaust gas can be discharged through the air dispersing ports 411 at different height positions in the absorbent, so that the exhaust gas can be more uniformly contacted with the absorbent and fully absorbed, and the treatment efficiency of the mercury-containing exhaust gas is improved.
Referring to fig. 3, the check plate 7 is provided with a plurality of check holes 71 having diameters gradually decreasing from top to bottom in an array. The check holes 71 allow the absorbent saturated in reaction to pass through, and at the same time reduce the possibility of upward backflow of sediment in the absorbent, ensure that the absorbent content above the check plate 7 is large, thereby improving the absorption effect.
The defoaming assembly 42 is used to break up bubbles. Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the defoaming assembly 42 includes a first transverse plate 421 and a second transverse plate 422 that are slidably connected in the vertical direction above the air distribution member 41 in the absorber 3, the first transverse plate 421 is disposed in parallel above the second transverse plate 422, the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 are respectively provided with a plurality of first holes 4211 and second holes 4221, and the area of the first holes 4211 is smaller than the area of the second holes 4221; the inner wall of the absorption tower 3 is provided with two movable grooves at intervals up and down, the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 are round, and the peripheral sides of the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 are respectively connected in the two movable grooves in a sliding manner; the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 are respectively connected with an elastic piece 423 for driving the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 to move towards the direction close to each other, the elastic piece 423 is a plurality of springs with the surface coated with an anti-corrosion coating, the elastic piece 423 is arranged in an array along the circumferential direction, and two groups of springs are respectively connected with the top surface of the first transverse plate 421 and the bottom surface of the second transverse plate 422; a pushing member 424 and a first driving member 425 for driving the pushing member 424 to rotate are disposed between the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422. When the first driving member 425 drives the pushing member 424 to rotate, the pushing member 424 can push the first transverse plate 421 to move upwards and then push the second transverse plate 422 to move downwards, so that the first transverse plate 421 is driven to reset by the elastic member 423 when the pushing member is separated from the first transverse plate 421, and the second transverse plate 422 is driven to reset by the elastic member 423 when the pushing member is separated from the second transverse plate 422, so that the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 continuously vibrate up and down, wave-like swinging is generated in the absorbent solution, bubbles can be disturbed, the efficiency of the waste gas escaping upwards from the absorbent is slowed down, and the absorption rate is improved; and when the bubbles pass through the second transverse plate 422 and the first transverse plate 421 upwards, the bubbles can be pressed by the second holes 4221 and the first holes 4211 in sequence to be smaller, so that the possibility of escape of mercury-containing substances in the exhaust gas is reduced.
Referring to fig. 4, in order to further improve the disturbing effect on the absorbent, a plurality of spaced risers 426 are slidably connected between the first and second transverse plates 421 and 422, the risers 426 slide along the horizontal direction, a plurality of T-shaped grooves are correspondingly formed on the opposite surfaces of the first and second transverse plates 421 and 422, and two ends of the risers 426 are slidably connected in the two T-shaped grooves. When the pushing piece pushes the first diaphragm 421 or the second diaphragm 422 to move vertically, the other diaphragm can be driven to vibrate along with the vibration through the connection of the vertical plate 426, so that the vibration effect is improved, the vertical plate 426 can also be driven to vibrate in the horizontal direction, and harmful substances containing mercury in waste gas are absorbed more fully.
In other embodiments, the first drive member 425 may be directly configured to rotationally couple the motor with the pusher member 424.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the first driving member 425 includes a return pipe 4251 and a water pump 4252 disposed on the return pipe 4251, a liquid return port 35 for connecting the return pipe 4251 is formed on an inner wall of the absorption tower 3 between the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422, one end of the return pipe 4251 passes through the liquid return port 35 to enter the absorption tower 3, a paddle 4254 is rotatably connected to an end of the return pipe 4251, the other end of the return pipe 4251 extends from outside the absorption tower 3 to above the first transverse plate 421 and then horizontally bends to enter the upper part of the first transverse plate 421 in the absorption tower 3, and a spray head 4253 is connected to the return pipe 4251 above the first transverse plate 421 in a long-direction array; the pushing member 424 is fixedly connected to the paddle 4254, and a gap is reserved between the side walls of the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 and the side wall of the movable slot, so that the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 vibrate up and down. When the water pump 4252 pumps the absorbent into the return pipe 4251, the water flow will press the paddle 4254 to rotate, thereby driving the pushing member 424 to move, and further vibrating the first diaphragm 421 and the second diaphragm 422 up and down, wherein the first diaphragm 421 and the second diaphragm 422 are made of lightweight aluminum alloy plates. In addition, the absorbent is gradually deposited downwards after being adsorbed and precipitated, the reflux pipe 4251 absorbs the solution with lower saturation degree at the upper part of the absorbent to the upper part of the surface of the absorbent through the water pump 4252, and then the absorbent is sprayed in a mist form through the spray head 4253, so that the waste gas escaping from the surface of the absorbent is reacted and absorbed by the absorbent again, thereby not only improving the absorption rate of oxidized mercury in the waste gas, but also improving the utilization rate of the absorbent.
Further, each riser 426 is provided with a plurality of third holes 4261, and the third holes 4261 gradually decrease from the third holes 4261 on the riser 426 far from the liquid return port 35, so that the third holes 4261 not only facilitate the liquid on the upper portion of the absorbent solution to be pumped back, but also enable the exhaust gas bubbles in the absorbent to be squeezed and become smaller when flowing along with the absorbent and passing through the third holes 4261 which become smaller gradually, so that the absorption is more sufficient.
Referring to fig. 3, the demisting unit 5 may be an existing demisting device, where the demisting unit 5 is disposed 8-10 meters above the liquid level of the absorbent, and is used for removing mist in the exhaust gas, and the secondary adsorption unit 6 is also an activated carbon fixed bed, and is used for capturing residual or escaped elemental mercury in the exhaust gas. Finally, the filtered and purified waste gas is discharged through an exhaust port 32 at the top of the absorption tower 3 to enter the next treatment process or is directly discharged to the atmosphere after reaching the discharge standard, and the absorbent after being absorbed and saturated is discharged from a liquid outlet 31 at the bottom for treatment, and the absorbent is continuously supplemented through a supplementing port 33 to continuously treat the mercury-containing waste gas.
The implementation principle of the mercury capturing and absorbing device in the embodiment of the application is as follows:
the exhaust gas after fire coal is introduced into the reaction tank 11 through the air suction port 111, particulate matter such as particulate mercury in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the first-stage adsorption unit 12, elemental mercury is catalyzed and oxidized by the oxidation unit 13 to form oxidized mercury, the exhaust gas containing the oxidized mercury is pressurized and then introduced into the absorption tower 3, the exhaust gas enters the tubular air distribution member 41 through the air inlet 34, then the exhaust gas is dispersed into smaller air flow by the plurality of air dispersing ports 411 of the air distribution member 41 and then enters the absorbent to form air bubbles, so that the contact area of the exhaust gas and the absorbent is increased, the absorbent reacts with the oxidized mercury to form sediment, the water pump 4252 extracts the absorbent at the upper part through the return pipe 4251 and takes the form of mist through the spray head 4253, the blade 4254 is driven to rotate when the absorbent flows towards the direction of the liquid back port 35, the pushing member 424 is matched with the elastic member 423 to enable the first transverse plate 421 and the second transverse plate 422 to vibrate up and down continuously, and the vertical plate 426 also vibrate transversely, the air bubbles can be dispersed into smaller air flow through the direction of the air dispersing ports 411, the contact area of the exhaust gas and then the absorbent can be further removed through the air bubbles, the top of the absorption tower 4261 can further remove the absorbent from the absorbent, the top of the absorption tower can be further discharged from the absorption tower to the top of the absorption tower through the absorption tower, the top of the absorption tower is further saturated absorption tower is further, the waste gas can be further discharged from the top of the absorbent through the absorption tower and the top of the absorption tower is further to the absorption tower is saturated with the top-saturated absorbent, and the waste gas can be further has the polluted by the top-saturated absorbent, and the waste gas can continuously, and the polluted by the waste gas can be discharged by the high-quality.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, the embodiment of the present application discloses a mercury capturing and absorbing device, which is different from the first embodiment in that the defoaming assembly 42 further includes a plurality of stirring blades 427 located at the circumferential side of the gas distribution member 41 and a second driving member 428 for driving the stirring blades 427 to rotate, the second driving member 428 having a driving rod 4281 connected to the stirring blades 427, the driving rod 4281 being disposed obliquely downward toward the center of the absorption tower 3. The peripheral side of the gas distribution member 41 is provided with inclined stirring blades 427, which can disturb the exhaust gas emitted from the gas distribution holes, and slow down the rising rate of the exhaust gas, so that the reaction is more filled and mercury substances are removed.
In one embodiment, the second drive member 428 is configured as a motor, the output shaft of which is a drive rod 4281, and the stirring blade 427 is directly fixed to the drive rod 4281.
In this embodiment, in order to further improve the absorption effect on oxidized mercury, the second driving member 428 includes a driving source 4282 fixed on the absorption tower 3, a limiting rod 4283 parallel to the driving rod 4281, and a sliding block 4284 slidably connected to the limiting rod 4283, where the driving source 4282 is a motor, an output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the driving rod 4281 through a coupling, the driving rod 4281 passes through an outer wall of the absorption tower 3 to incline into the absorption tower 3, a reciprocating thread is provided on a surface of the driving rod 4281, the sliding block 4284 is further in threaded connection with the driving rod 4281, and the stirring blade 427 is rotatably connected to the sliding block 4284 and is in threaded connection with the driving rod 4281. The driving rod 4281 is driven to rotate by one driving source 4282, the sliding block 4284 is limited by the driving rod 4281 and the limiting rod 4283 and can reciprocate on the driving rod 4281, the sliding block 4284 can drive the stirring blade 427 to move along the driving rod 4281, the stirring blade 427 can rotate while moving because the stirring blade 427 is connected with the driving rod 4281, the stirring blade 427 moves and rotates in the absorbent of the absorption tower 3, the waste gas scattered from the air distribution holes can be further disturbed, the stirring blade 427 can rotate positively and reversely alternately, a turbulence effect is achieved, the absorbent and the waste gas are fully reacted, and mercury substances are effectively removed.
Referring to fig. 6, the second embodiment can also be optimized on the basis of the first embodiment.
Example 3
The embodiment of the application discloses a mercury capturing and absorbing method, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, introducing waste gas into a capture reactor 1, and adsorbing particulate mercury (HgP) in the waste gas by a primary adsorption unit 12, wherein an oxidation unit 13 catalyzes and oxidizes elemental mercury (Hg 0) into oxidized mercury (Hg2+, hg+);
s2, pressurizing the waste gas containing oxidized mercury;
s3, introducing the pressurized waste gas into the absorption tower 3, dispersing the waste gas into the absorbent through a plurality of air dispersing ports 411 of the air distribution piece 41 to form bubbles, and scattering the bubbles to be smaller by the defoaming component 42, so that the absorbent reacts with oxidized mercury in the waste gas to generate sediment;
s4, removing mist and charged particles in the waste gas by using a defogging unit 5;
s5, the secondary adsorption unit 6 captures residual elemental mercury in the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust port 32 to the next treatment process or discharged to the atmosphere.
The foregoing are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered in the protection scope of this application.
Claims (10)
1. A mercury capturing and absorbing device, characterized by comprising a capturing reactor (1) and an absorber (2);
the capture reactor (1) comprises a reaction tank (11) with an air suction port (111) and an air outlet (112), wherein a primary adsorption unit (12) for capturing granular mercury in waste gas and an oxidation unit (13) for oxidizing elemental mercury in waste gas are arranged in the reaction tank (11);
the absorber (2) comprises an absorption tower (3), a liquid outlet (31) and an air outlet (32) are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the absorption tower (3), a supplementing opening (33) for supplementing an absorbent and an air inlet (34) communicated with the air outlet (112) are also respectively arranged on the outer wall of the absorption tower (3), a mixing unit (4), a demisting unit (5) and a secondary adsorption unit (6) are respectively arranged in the absorption tower (3) from bottom to top, the mixing unit (4) comprises an air distribution piece (41) and an antifoaming component (42), and the air distribution piece (41) is a tubular piece communicated with the air inlet (34) and a plurality of air dispersing openings (411) are uniformly distributed on the surface;
after the elemental mercury is oxidized by the oxidation unit (13), the elemental mercury is introduced into the gas distribution piece (41) and is shunted into the absorbent through a plurality of gas dispersing ports (411) to form bubbles, the defoaming component (42) is used for dispersing the bubbles, the defogging unit (5) is used for removing fog in the waste gas, and the secondary adsorption unit (6) is used for capturing the elemental mercury in the waste gas.
2. A mercury capture absorption apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas distribution member (41) is helical.
3. The mercury capturing and absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the defoaming assembly (42) comprises a first transverse plate (421) and a second transverse plate (422) which are connected to the absorber (3) in a sliding manner along the vertical direction and above the air distribution member (41), the first transverse plate (421) is arranged above the second transverse plate (422) in parallel, the first transverse plate (421) and the second transverse plate (422) are respectively connected with an elastic member (423) which drives the first transverse plate (421) and the second transverse plate (422) to approach each other, a plurality of first holes (4211) and second holes (4221) are respectively formed in the first transverse plate (421) and the second transverse plate (422), the area of the first holes (4211) is smaller than that of the second holes (4221), a pushing member (424) and a first pushing member (424) which drives the pushing member (424) to rotate are arranged between the first transverse plate (421) and the second transverse plate (422), and the first transverse plate (425) can be alternately moved along the vertical direction.
4. A mercury capturing and absorbing device according to claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of spaced risers (426) are slidably connected between the first transverse plate (421) and the second transverse plate (422), the risers (426) being slidable in a horizontal direction.
5. The mercury capturing and absorbing device according to claim 4, wherein the first driving member (425) comprises a return pipe (4251) and a water pump (4252) arranged on the return pipe (4251), the absorption tower (3) is provided with a liquid return port (35) for connecting the return pipe (4251) on the inner wall between the first transverse plate (421) and the second transverse plate (422), and one end of the return pipe (4251) away from the liquid return port (35) extends upwards to above the first transverse plate (421) and is connected with a spray head (4253); one end of the return pipe (4251) close to the liquid return port (35) is rotatably connected with a paddle (4254), and the pushing piece (424) is connected to the paddle (4254).
6. The mercury capturing and absorbing device according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of third holes (4261) are formed in each of the risers (426), and the third holes (4261) in the risers (426) are gradually reduced from a distance away to a distance closer to the liquid return port (35).
7. A mercury capturing and absorbing device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the defoaming assembly (42) further comprises a plurality of stirring blades (427) located on the circumferential side of the gas distribution member (41) and a second driving member (428) for driving the stirring blades (427) to rotate, the second driving member (428) having a driving rod (4281) connected to the stirring blades (427), the driving rod (4281) being disposed obliquely downward toward the center of the absorbing tower (3).
8. The mercury capturing and absorbing device according to claim 7, wherein the second driving member (428) comprises a driving source (4282) fixed on the absorbing tower (3), a limiting rod (4283) parallel to the driving rod (4281) and a sliding block (4284) slidingly connected with the limiting rod (4283), the driving source (4282) drives the driving rod (4281) to rotate, a reciprocating thread is formed on the surface of the driving rod (4281), the sliding block (4284) is further connected to the driving rod (4281) in a threaded mode, and the stirring blade (427) is rotationally connected to the sliding block (4284) and is connected to the driving rod (4281) in a threaded mode.
9. The mercury capturing and absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a check plate (7) is arranged below the mixing unit (4) in the absorbing tower (3), and a plurality of check holes (71) with diameters gradually decreasing from top to bottom are formed in the check plate (7).
10. A mercury capturing and absorbing method, using a mercury capturing and absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the following specific steps:
s1, introducing waste gas into a capture reactor (1), adsorbing granular mercury in the waste gas by a primary adsorption unit (12), and catalytically oxidizing elemental mercury into oxidized mercury by an oxidation unit (13);
s2, pressurizing the waste gas containing oxidized mercury;
s3, introducing the pressurized waste gas into an absorption tower (3), dispersing the waste gas into an absorbent through a plurality of air dispersing ports (411) of an air distribution piece (41) to form bubbles, and dispersing the bubbles into smaller bubbles by a defoaming component (42), wherein the absorbent reacts with oxidized mercury in the waste gas to generate sediment;
s4, removing mist and charged particles in the waste gas by a mist removing unit (5);
s5, capturing residual elemental mercury in the waste gas by the secondary adsorption unit (6), and discharging the waste gas from an exhaust port (32) to the next treatment process or the atmosphere.
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