CN117527062A - Microwave photon DFS and AOA measuring device and method - Google Patents

Microwave photon DFS and AOA measuring device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117527062A
CN117527062A CN202311321301.XA CN202311321301A CN117527062A CN 117527062 A CN117527062 A CN 117527062A CN 202311321301 A CN202311321301 A CN 202311321301A CN 117527062 A CN117527062 A CN 117527062A
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signal
optical
dfs
dpmzm
double
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王瑞琼
高永胜
翟伟乐
谭佳俊
庞晓炎
樊养余
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring microwave photon DFS and AOA. Meanwhile, the direct current signal after photoelectric detection contains phase difference information of two echo signals, and an amplitude comparison function can be constructed to measure the AOA. The invention has the following advantages: 1. the method can know the direction of the DFS without adding additional reference signals or back-end waveform analysis; 2. the invention is suitable for long-distance links and is not influenced by periodic power fading caused by optical fibers; 3. the invention has no polarization device, simple structure and stable system.

Description

Microwave photon DFS and AOA measuring device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and optical communication, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring microwave photons DFS and AOA.
Background
Microwave measurement has an indispensable important role in radar, military operations and communication systems. Among the different parameters of the microwave signal, the angle of arrival and the doppler shift are two very important parameters. The position, direction and radial velocity of the moving object can be obtained by using the two parameters. At present, the traditional electric-based measurement method faces technical bottlenecks such as limited bandwidth, poor stability, electromagnetic interference and the like. The microwave photon measurement method has been paid attention to widely by combining the advantages of electronics and photonics, and has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, high measurement speed, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like.
Existing microwave photon doppler shift (Doppler frequency shift, DFS) and Angle of arrival (AOA) measurement schemes typically require the addition of reference signals or rely on complex back-end waveform analysis, not only affecting the flexibility and tunability of the system, but also increasing the complexity of the system. In addition, in electronic warfare, the microwave signal receiver is at risk of being found by enemies, and the radio frequency processing unit (Radio Access Unit, RAU) of most of the current measurement systems is relatively close to the Central Office (CO), so that the whole measurement system may be destroyed when being in face of enemy interference or impact. The microwave signal receiving system can be effectively isolated from the central station through long-distance optical fiber transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring microwave photon DFS and AOA, wherein the device obtains a DFS value through frequency information of intermediate frequency signals obtained through down-conversion, and a direct current port of a modulator is driven by sawtooth waves so as to introduce frequency shift into transmission signals to judge the DFS direction. Meanwhile, the direct current signal after photoelectric detection contains phase difference information of two echo signals, and an amplitude comparison function can be constructed to measure the AOA. The invention has the following advantages: 1. the method can know the direction of the DFS without adding additional reference signals or back-end waveform analysis; 2. the invention is suitable for long-distance links and is not influenced by periodic power fading caused by optical fibers; 3. the invention has no polarization device, simple structure and stable system.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a microwave photon DFS and AOA measuring device comprises a laser diode LD, a double-drive double-parallel-horse-boosting modulator D-DPMZM, an electric power divider, an electric phase shifter, an optical filter OBPF, a single-mode fiber SMF and a photoelectric detector PD;
the double-drive double-parallel-horse-gain modulator D-DPMZM comprises a Y-type optical beam splitter, a Y-type optical coupler, two sub-modulators connected in parallel up and down and a main bias; the two sub-modulators are respectively a dual-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM1 and a DDMZM2; two arms of the Y-shaped optical beam splitter are respectively connected with two sub-modulators, and output optical signals of the two sub-modulators are coupled through a Y-shaped optical coupler; DDMZM1 and DDMZM2 are both two-electrode modulators, and DDMZM1 and DDMZM2 each comprise two radio frequency electrodes;
the output port of the laser diode LD is connected with the optical signal input end of the D-DPMZM, the optical signal output end of the D-DPMZM is connected with the public input end of the optical filter OBPF, the output end of the optical filter OBPF is connected with the single-mode fiber SMF input end, the output end of the single-mode fiber SMF is connected to the photoelectric detector PD, and the output end of the photoelectric detector PD outputs direct current signals and intermediate frequency signals.
A method of microwave photon DFS and AOA measurement, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the optical carrier output from the laser diode is equally divided into two paths in the D-DPMZM, one path is modulated by two echo signals in the DDMZM1, and the optical carrier of the other path is modulated by a transmission signal in the DDMZM2;
step 2: dividing the transmitting signal into two paths, wherein one path of the transmitting signal is transmitted and reflected by a target to form an echo signal, after being equally divided by the electric power divider, one path of the echo signal is input into one radio frequency port of the double-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM1, and the other path of the echo signal is connected with the electric phase shifter and then is input into the other radio frequency port of the double-drive horse modulation device DDMZM 1; the other path of transmitting signal is used as a transmission signal to be input into one radio frequency port of the double-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM2, the other radio frequency port is idle, and the direct current port of the double-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM2 is driven by sawtooth waves; the D-DPMZM master modulator is biased at a maximum point to couple the two optical signals;
step 3: the coupled optical signals are transmitted to an optical filter OBPF to filter out an upper sideband, and the filtered optical signals are transmitted by a single mode fiber SMF and then enter a photoelectric detector PD to carry out photoelectric detection to obtain a direct current signal and an intermediate frequency signal; the direct current signal contains echo signal phase difference information, namely AOA information; the intermediate frequency signal contains DFS information, and the DFS and the AOA to be measured can be obtained through back-end processing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the device obtains the DFS value through the frequency information of the intermediate frequency signal obtained through down-conversion, and utilizes the sawtooth wave to drive the direct current port so as to introduce frequency shift into the transmission signal to judge the DFS direction. Meanwhile, the direct current signal after photoelectric detection contains phase difference information of two echo signals, and an amplitude comparison function can be constructed to measure the AOA. The invention has simple structure, can restrain periodic power fading, has no polarization device and has stable system. The scheme has great application prospect in electronic combat and military combat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a microwave photon DFS and AOA measurement device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph of DFS measurement errors before and after adding an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a DFS measurement result without an optical fiber and (b) is a DFS measurement result after adding 29.706km of an optical fiber.
FIG. 3 is a graph of a DFS direction discrimination spectrum in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of AOA measurements of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the device comprises a Laser Diode (LD), a Dual-drive Dual-parallel modulator (D-DPMZM), an electric power divider, an electric phase shifter, an optical filter (Optical band pass filter, OBPF), a single-mode optical fiber (Single mode fiber, SMF) and a Photodetector (PD).
The output port of LD is connected with the optical signal input end of D-DPMZM, the optical signal output end of D-DPMZM is connected with the public input end of OBPF, the output end of OBPF is connected with the SMF input end, the output end of SMF is connected to PD, the PD output end outputs direct current signal and intermediate frequency signal. The D-DPMZM consists of a Y-shaped optical beam splitter, a Y-shaped optical coupler and two sub-modulators (DDMZM 1 and DDMZM 2) which are connected in parallel up and down. DDMZM1 and DDMZM2 are dual-drive modulators, each comprising two radio frequency input ports.
The invention comprises the following steps in working:
(1) The continuous optical carrier output from the LD is injected into the D-DPMZM, the optical carrier output from the laser generates two identical optical paths in the D-DPMZM, one path is modulated by two echo signals in the DDMZM1, and the optical carrier of the other path is modulated by transmission signals in the DDMZM2;
(2) After being equally divided by the power divider, one path of echo signal is input into one Radio Frequency (RF) port of the DDMZM1, and the other path of echo signal is connected with the electric phase shifter and then is input into the other RF port of the DDMZM 1. The transmission signal is input into one RF port of the DDMZM2, the other RF port is not added with the RF signal, and the direct current port of the DDMZM2 is driven by saw-tooth waves. The D-DPMZM master modulator is biased at the maximum point;
(3) The D-DPMZM output optical signal is transmitted to the OBPF to filter out the upper sideband, and the filtered optical signal is transmitted by the SMF and then enters the PD photoelectric detection to obtain a direct current signal and an intermediate frequency signal.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the LD output optical signal is denoted as E in (t)＝E c exp(j2πf c t)，f c And E is c The frequency and amplitude of the optical carrier are respectively shown as V for the echo signals input into the DDMZM1 e cos(2πf e t) andV e is the echo signal amplitude, f e Is the echo signal frequency,/">Is the phase difference of the two echo signals. The DDMZM1 operates at the minimum point, and the output light field can be expressed as:
wherein alpha is D1 Loss of DDMZM1, m e ＝πV e /V π Is the modulation index, V π Is a half-wave voltage. J (J) 1 (m e ) Is a first order bessel function. The higher order bessel function is ignored in the derivation, considering the limited modulation index.
The optical carrier wave is modulated by a transmission signal in the DDMZM2, the transmission signal is injected into one radio frequency port of the DDMZM2, the other radio frequency port is idle, meanwhile, a sawtooth wave signal is added into a direct current port of the DDMZM2, and frequency shift is introduced to distinguish the DFS direction. The transmission signal is denoted as V t cos(2πf t t), wherein V t Is the amplitude of the transmitted signal, f t Is the frequency of the transmission signal, and the frequency of the sawtooth wave is f r The amplitude of the sawtooth wave is twice the half-wave voltage of the modulator, and the optical field output by the DDMZM2 is expressed as:
wherein alpha is D2 Loss of DDMZM1, m t ＝πV t /V π Is the modulation index of DDMZM 2. The main modulator of the D-DPMZM is biased at the maximum point, and the output coupled optical signals are transmitted to the OBPF, and the OBPF is used for filtering out the optical carrier and the lower side band, so that the power fading caused by double-side band destructive interference is avoided. The signal output by the OBPF can be written as:
wherein alpha is OBPF Is the loss of the OBPF. After the optical signal is transmitted through the SMF, the output optical field is as follows:
wherein gamma is 1 ,γ 2 The phase shifts introduced by the dispersion on the echo signal and the transmit signal, respectively.
The current obtained after photodetection of the optical signal in the PD can then be expressed as:
where eta is the PD responsivity and, f IF ＝f d +f r ,f d ＝f t -f e . As can be seen from equation (5), the DFS value and direction can be obtained from the intermediate frequency signal. While the phase difference of the echo signals +.>Can be made of direct current signal +.>The angle of arrival θ is then calculated according to equation (6).
Examples:
in this embodiment, the apparatus includes: LD, D-DPMZM, OBPF, SMF, PD, RF signal source, electric power divider, electric phase shifter and spectrum analyzer. The D-DPMZM consists of a Y-type optical beam splitter, a Y-type optical coupler and two sub-modulators (DDMZM 1 and DDMZM 2) which are connected in parallel up and down. DDMZM1 and DDMZM2 are dual-drive modulators, each comprising two radio frequency input ports.
The output port of LD is connected with the optical signal input end of D-DPMZM, the optical signal output end of D-DPMZM is connected with the public input end of OBPF, the output end of OBPF is connected with the SMF input end, the output end of SMF is connected to PD, the PD output end outputs direct current signal and intermediate frequency signal. After being equally divided by the power divider, one path of echo signal is input into one RF port of the DDMZM1, and the other path of echo signal is connected with the electric phase shifter and then is input into the other RF port of the DDMZM 1. The transmission signal is input to one of the RF ports of the DDMZM2, the other RF port is idle, and the DC port of the DDMZM2 is driven by a sawtooth wave.
In an embodiment, the method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step one: the output wavelength of the continuous optical carrier generated by the LD is 1550nm, and the power is 23mw; the frequency of a transmission signal generated by the RF signal source is 12GHz, and the power is 15dBm; the half-wave voltage of the D-DPMZM is 3.5V, and the working bandwidth is more than 30 GHz; the PD has a bandwidth of 40GHz.
Step two: when SMF is not added, the electric phase shifter is set to 0 degree, and the DFS value is adjusted from-100 KHz to 100KHz in a step length of 10KHz, namely, the echo signal frequency value is adjusted from 11.9999GHz to 12.0001GHz in a step length of 10 KHz. Recording the output intermediate frequency signals by using an oscilloscope, acquiring five groups of data for calculating average errors by each frequency point, and as shown in a result of fig. 2 (a), wherein a black solid circle in a vertical strip line represents the average errors of measurement of different DFSs, the black strip line is the error range of measurement of different DFSs, and the error range of measurement of the invention is +/-0.2 Hz when no optical fiber is contained. Then adding 29.706km of SMF into the system, repeating the steps, and measuring the DFS result as shown in figure 2 (b), wherein the error range is within +/-0.25 Hz, and particularly, the invention has better DFS measurement capability under long-distance application scenes.
Step three: the transmit and echo signals were set to 12GHz and 12.0006GHz, respectively, i.e., DFS was +0.6mhz. The resulting spectra are shown in dashed lines in fig. 3. The echo signal was then adjusted to 11.9994GHz, i.e., DFS was-0.6 MHz, with the spectrogram shown as a solid line in FIG. 3. It can be seen that by driving the dc port of DDMZM2 with a 1MHz sawtooth signal, a frequency shift of the transmission signal is successfully achieved, thereby achieving DFS direction discrimination.
Step four: the frequencies of the transmission signal and the echo signal are respectively fixed to be 12GHz and 12.1GHz, and the power is 15dBm. The electric phase shifter simulates the phase difference between echo signals received by two antennas by 10-degree stepping from 0 to 180 degrees, and after PD, the digital multimeter is used for measuring direct current voltage under different phase differences, so as to construct an amplitude comparison function and realize AOA measurement. From equation (6), it can be seen that when the phase difference is varied in the range of 0 to 180 °, an AOA measurement without blur can be achieved in the range of 0 to 90 °. The results are shown in FIG. 4, wherein solid circles in the graph represent the measured phase difference, black lines are actual phase differences, stars are measurement errors of the phase differences, and AOA measurement errors of the invention are +/-1.5 degrees.
In conclusion, the microwave photon DFS and AOA measuring device and method are simple and easy to realize, can realize high-precision DFS and AOA measurement in a large bandwidth range, can clearly distinguish the DFS direction without additional reference signals and complex back-end analysis, and have great prospects in electronic warfare and other applications.

Claims (2)

1. The device for measuring the microwave photons DFS and AOA is characterized by comprising a laser diode LD, a double-drive double-parallel-horse modulator D-DPMZM, an electric power divider, an electric phase shifter, an optical filter OBPF, a single-mode optical fiber SMF and a photoelectric detector PD;
the double-drive double-parallel-horse-gain modulator D-DPMZM comprises a Y-type optical beam splitter, a Y-type optical coupler, two sub-modulators connected in parallel up and down and a main bias; the two sub-modulators are respectively a dual-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM1 and a DDMZM2; two arms of the Y-shaped optical beam splitter are respectively connected with two sub-modulators, and output optical signals of the two sub-modulators are coupled through a Y-shaped optical coupler; DDMZM1 and DDMZM2 are both two-electrode modulators, and DDMZM1 and DDMZM2 each comprise two radio frequency electrodes;
the output port of the laser diode LD is connected with the optical signal input end of the D-DPMZM, the optical signal output end of the D-DPMZM is connected with the public input end of the optical filter OBPF, the output end of the optical filter OBPF is connected with the single-mode fiber SMF input end, the output end of the single-mode fiber SMF is connected to the photoelectric detector PD, and the output end of the photoelectric detector PD outputs direct current signals and intermediate frequency signals.
2. A measurement method using the device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the optical carrier output from the laser diode is equally divided into two paths in the D-DPMZM, one path is modulated by two echo signals in the DDMZM1, and the optical carrier of the other path is modulated by a transmission signal in the DDMZM2;
step 2: dividing the transmitting signal into two paths, wherein one path of the transmitting signal is transmitted and reflected by a target to form an echo signal, after being equally divided by the electric power divider, one path of the echo signal is input into one radio frequency port of the double-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM1, and the other path of the echo signal is connected with the electric phase shifter and then is input into the other radio frequency port of the double-drive horse modulation device DDMZM 1; the other path of transmitting signal is used as a transmission signal to be input into one radio frequency port of the double-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM2, the other radio frequency port is idle, and the direct current port of the double-drive Ma Zeng modulator DDMZM2 is driven by sawtooth waves; the D-DPMZM master modulator is biased at a maximum point to couple the two optical signals;
step 3: the coupled optical signals are transmitted to an optical filter OBPF to filter out an upper sideband, and the filtered optical signals are transmitted by a single mode fiber SMF and then enter a photoelectric detector PD to carry out photoelectric detection to obtain a direct current signal and an intermediate frequency signal; the direct current signal contains echo signal phase difference information, namely AOA information; the intermediate frequency signal contains DFS information, and the DFS and the AOA to be measured can be obtained through back-end processing.
CN202311321301.XA 2023-10-12 2023-10-12 Microwave photon DFS and AOA measuring device and method Pending CN117527062A (en)

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