CN112285732B - Photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method and device - Google Patents
Photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method, which is characterized in that single-wavelength laser is subjected to photoelectric oscillation, a modulation optical signal generated in the photoelectric oscillation process is led out to one path, the filtering treatment is carried out to obtain a reference optical signal only with a single-side first-order sideband, a photo-generated microwave signal is divided into two paths, one path is divided into an intermediate frequency electric signal, and the other path is transmitted; frequency-shifting modulation is carried out on one path of optical signals led out in the photoelectric oscillation process by using an intermediate frequency electric signal, then the frequency-shifting optical signals are modulated by using echo signals, the modulated optical signals are filtered to be modulated optical signals with one side of first-order sidebands reserved, and balanced photoelectric detection is carried out after the modulated optical signals are subjected to quadrature frequency mixing with a reference optical signal, so that two paths of intermediate frequency signals are obtained; and carrying out digital signal processing on the two paths of intermediate frequency signals to extract the Doppler information of the target. The invention also discloses a photon-assisted Doppler radar detection device. The invention does not need an electric signal generator, can flexibly shift the frequency of the demodulated signal, and has compact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Doppler radar detection method, in particular to a photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method.
Background
The Doppler radar is widely used in the military and civil fields such as airborne early warning and meteorological detection, and the radial relative movement speed of a target to the radar can be measured by extracting Doppler frequency difference between a radar transmitting signal and a target echo signal, so that the Doppler radar is one of important methods for detecting dynamic targets. At present, doppler radar is mostly used for detecting dynamic targets in a hidden background, and with the increasing development of electronic technology, resources of each frequency band are increasingly crowded, and the detection environment faced by doppler radar is also increasingly complex. The traditional Doppler radar adopts a pure electric structure, is limited by the performance problems of electronic devices such as higher phase noise of an electric signal generating source, limited working bandwidth of an electric frequency mixing device and the like, has poor detection sensitivity, low working frequency and easy interference, and is difficult to meet the detection performance requirements required by increasingly severe electromagnetic environments.
The above problems can be significantly improved in comparison with the conventional doppler radar based on electronic devices, in combination with the microwave photon technique. The existing microwave photon Doppler radar scheme utilizes a photoelectric device to load an electric signal into an optical domain for processing, has the advantages of high working frequency, strong electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and gradually gets more attention. However, the transmission signal still needs to be generated by adopting an electric signal generator, which is limited by an electronic bottleneck, and has the advantages of lower working frequency, larger phase noise and poorer signal quality, thus limiting the detection sensitivity of the Doppler radar. On the other hand, the microwave photon quadrature mixing technology is also applied to some schemes, and the signals are directly demodulated to the baseband so as to realize the effects of inhibiting image interference and improving detection precision. Existing microwave photon quadrature mixing techniques can be divided into four categories: methods based on an electrical 90 degree coupler or electrical phase shifter, based on a microwave photon phase shifter, based on an optical 90 degree coupler, and based on an optical delay line. However, when the four methods are adopted, the problems of local oscillation leakage and the like still exist, and direct current signals are generated by mixing local oscillation signals with the local oscillation signals, so that the direct current signals are difficult to estimate or eliminate. Since the Doppler frequency generated by the moving target is generally low, which is several hundred hertz, the demodulated baseband signal is easily distorted by direct current.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method which does not need an electric signal generator to generate an electric intermediate frequency and an electric radio frequency signal, can flexibly shift the frequency of the demodulated signal, and has a compact structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention specifically solves the technical problems as follows:
A photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method carries out photoelectric oscillation on single-wavelength laser, leads out one path of modulated optical signals generated in the photoelectric oscillation process, filters the modulated optical signals to be reference optical signals which only remain single-side first-order sidebands, divides photo-generated microwave signals generated by the photoelectric oscillation into two paths, divides one path of the photo-generated microwave signals into intermediate-frequency electric signals, and transmits the other path of the photo-generated microwave signals as radar transmitting signals; performing frequency shift modulation on one path of optical signals led out from the photoelectric oscillation process by using the intermediate frequency electric signals, modulating the frequency shift optical signals obtained by the frequency shift modulation by using the received radar echo signals, filtering the frequency shift optical signals to obtain modulated optical signals which only keep first-order sidebands on the same side as the reference optical signals, performing quadrature frequency mixing on the modulated optical signals and the reference optical signals, and performing balanced photoelectric detection to obtain two paths of intermediate frequency signals with the same amplitude and quadrature phase; and performing digital signal processing on the two paths of intermediate frequency signals to obtain two paths of low-frequency orthogonal signals carrying the Doppler information of the target, and further extracting the Doppler information of the target.
Preferably, the one path of optical signal led out from the photoelectric oscillation process is a beam splitting signal of the single-wavelength laser.
The following technical scheme can be obtained based on the same inventive concept:
a photon-assisted doppler radar detection device comprising:
the photoelectric oscillation module is used for carrying out photoelectric oscillation on the single-wavelength laser and dividing a photo-generated microwave signal generated by the photoelectric oscillation into two paths, wherein one path is divided into intermediate-frequency electric signals, and the other path is used as a radar transmitting signal for transmitting;
the reference light generation module is used for leading out one path of modulated light signals generated in the photoelectric oscillation process, and filtering the modulated light signals to obtain reference light signals with only one side of first-order sidebands;
the frequency shift modulation module is used for frequency shift modulating one path of optical signals led out from the photoelectric oscillation process by using the intermediate frequency electric signals;
the receiving signal modulation module is used for modulating the frequency-shifted optical signal obtained by frequency-shifted modulation by using the received radar echo signal, and filtering the frequency-shifted optical signal to obtain a modulated optical signal which only maintains first-order sidebands on the same side as the reference optical signal; the quadrature mixing module is used for carrying out balanced photoelectric detection after carrying out quadrature mixing on the modulated optical signal output by the received signal modulation module and the reference optical signal to obtain two paths of intermediate frequency signals with the same amplitude and the quadrature phase;
And the signal acquisition and processing module is used for carrying out digital signal processing on the two paths of intermediate frequency signals to obtain two paths of low-frequency orthogonal signals carrying the Doppler information of the target, and further extracting the Doppler information of the target.
Preferably, the one path of optical signal led out from the photoelectric oscillation process is a beam splitting signal of the single-wavelength laser.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention utilizes the photoelectric oscillation technology to generate pure optical microwave signals and radio frequency electric signals, improves the signal quality, has lower phase noise at the frequency offset (several kilohertz) of Doppler frequency magnitude, thereby improving the detection sensitivity of Doppler radar, avoiding the use of an electric signal generator and having more flexible structure;
2) The invention realizes the frequency shift of the optical signal in the receiver by utilizing the acousto-optic modulator in the optical domain, avoids the problems of noise, nonlinear effect and the like caused by adopting an electric mixer, has a larger frequency shift range, and can flexibly adjust the frequencies of two paths of intermediate frequency signals obtained after orthogonal mixing so as to avoid direct current interference; meanwhile, the intermediate frequency signal for driving the acousto-optic modulator is generated by a radar transmitting signal, an additional electric signal source is not needed, and the structure is more compact.
3) The invention realizes microwave quadrature mixing in the optical domain, suppresses the image frequency signal, overcomes the problem of fuzzy speed measurement, and simultaneously avoids the problems of limitation on working bandwidth, electromagnetic interference and the like caused by using an electric quadrature mixing device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the existing photon-assisted Doppler radar technology, the solution idea of the invention is to utilize a photoelectric oscillation (Optoelectronic oscillator, OEO for short) method to generate pure radar signals, realize flexible down-conversion to obtain a pair of intermediate frequency signals which are mutually orthogonal by combining an optical intra-domain moving method with a microwave photon quadrature mixing method, and finally obtain two paths of low-frequency quadrature signals carrying Doppler information of a target by digital signal processing.
The invention provides a photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method, which comprises the following steps:
Carrying out photoelectric oscillation on single-wavelength laser, leading out one path of modulated optical signals generated in the photoelectric oscillation process, filtering the modulated optical signals to obtain reference optical signals which only keep single-side first-order sidebands, dividing photo-generated microwave signals generated by the photoelectric oscillation into two paths, wherein one path of the reference optical signals is divided into intermediate-frequency electric signals, and the other path of the intermediate-frequency electric signals is used as radar transmitting signals for transmitting; performing frequency shift modulation on one path of optical signals led out from the photoelectric oscillation process by using the intermediate frequency electric signals, modulating the frequency shift optical signals obtained by the frequency shift modulation by using the received radar echo signals, filtering the frequency shift optical signals to obtain modulated optical signals which only keep first-order sidebands on the same side as the reference optical signals, performing quadrature frequency mixing on the modulated optical signals and the reference optical signals, and performing balanced photoelectric detection to obtain two paths of intermediate frequency signals with the same amplitude and quadrature phase; and performing digital signal processing on the two paths of intermediate frequency signals to obtain two paths of low-frequency orthogonal signals carrying the Doppler information of the target, and further extracting the Doppler information of the target.
The photon-assisted Doppler radar detection device provided by the invention comprises:
the photoelectric oscillation module is used for carrying out photoelectric oscillation on the single-wavelength laser and dividing a photo-generated microwave signal generated by the photoelectric oscillation into two paths, wherein one path is divided into intermediate-frequency electric signals, and the other path is used as a radar transmitting signal for transmitting;
the reference light generation module is used for leading out one path of modulated light signals generated in the photoelectric oscillation process, and filtering the modulated light signals to obtain reference light signals with only one side of first-order sidebands;
the frequency shift modulation module is used for frequency shift modulating one path of optical signals led out from the photoelectric oscillation process by using the intermediate frequency electric signals;
the receiving signal modulation module is used for modulating the frequency-shifted optical signal obtained by frequency-shifted modulation by using the received radar echo signal, and filtering the frequency-shifted optical signal to obtain a modulated optical signal which only maintains first-order sidebands on the same side as the reference optical signal; the quadrature mixing module is used for carrying out balanced photoelectric detection after carrying out quadrature mixing on the modulated optical signal output by the received signal modulation module and the reference optical signal to obtain two paths of intermediate frequency signals with the same amplitude and the quadrature phase;
And the signal acquisition and processing module is used for carrying out digital signal processing on the two paths of intermediate frequency signals to obtain two paths of low-frequency orthogonal signals carrying the Doppler information of the target, and further extracting the Doppler information of the target.
The photoelectric oscillation module can adopt the existing single-ring structure, double-ring structure or various other improved structures; the optical signal led out from the photoelectric oscillation process can be a beam splitting signal of a modulated optical signal generated in the photoelectric oscillation process (namely, a modulated optical signal output by an electro-optical modulator in a photoelectric oscillation module), or can be a beam splitting signal of the single-wavelength laser, if the modulated optical signal is adopted, an optical band pass filter is additionally added in front of a frequency shift modulation module to extract an optical carrier wave, and the passband range of the optical band pass filter in a receiving signal modulation module is adjusted to ensure that a modulated optical signal only retaining a negative/positive (specifically, the same side as a first-order sideband retained in a reference optical signal) first-order sideband is obtained after modulating the optical carrier wave; preferably, a beam splitting signal of the single wavelength laser is used.
For the convenience of public understanding, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention will be given with reference to a specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in fig. 1, the photon-assisted doppler radar detection device of the present embodiment includes: a laser, an optical coupler 1, an optical coupler 2, a mach-zehnder modulator 1, a mach-zehnder modulator 2, a single-mode fiber, a photodetector, a low noise amplifier 1, a low noise amplifier 2, a narrowband electric filter 1, a narrowband electric filter 2, a power divider, a frequency divider, an acousto-optic modulator, an optical amplifier 1, an optical amplifier 2, an optical filter 1, an optical filter 2, a 90 ° optical mixer, a balanced detector 1, a balanced detector 2, an analog-to-digital converter 1, an analog-to-digital converter 2, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, and a personal computer. As shown in fig. 1, the output end of the laser is connected with an optical coupler 1; in a transmitter, an output end 1 of an optical coupler 1 is connected with an optical signal input end of a Mach-Zehnder modulator 1; the optical signal output end of the Mach-Zehnder modulator 1 is connected with the optical coupler 2; the output end 1 of the optical coupler 2 is cascaded with the photoelectric detector, the low noise amplifier, the narrow-band electric filter and the power divider one by one through a section of single-mode fiber; the output end 1 of the power divider is connected with the transmitting antenna to output radar radio frequency signals, the output end 2 of the power divider is connected with the microwave signal input end of the Mach-Zehnder modulator 1, and the output end 3 of the power divider is connected with the frequency divider and then is input to the microwave signal input end of the acousto-optic modulator; in a receiver, an output end 2 of an optical coupler 2 is cascaded with an optical amplifier 1, an optical filter 1, an input port 1 of a 90-degree optical mixer, a balance detector 1 and an analog-to-digital converter 1 one by one to form an upper branch; the antenna receiving signal is cascaded with the low noise amplifier 2 and the narrow band electric filter 2 one by one and then is input to the microwave signal input end of the Mach-Zehnder modulator 2, the output end 2 of the optical coupler 1 is cascaded with the acousto-optic modulator, the Mach-Zehnder modulator, the optical amplifier 2, the optical filter 2, the 90-degree optical mixer input port 2, the balance detector 2 and the analog-to-digital converter 2 one by one to form a lower branch, and finally, the two paths of signals are sent into a personal computer for digital signal processing.
In a transmitter, the photoelectric loop is oscillated by adjusting the length of a single-mode fiber and the passband range of a narrow-band electric filter 1, so that a required pure single-frequency radar radio frequency signal is generated; the optical microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillation module is amplified by the optical amplifier 1 and is input to the 90-degree optical mixer by selecting +1 or-1 order sidebands as reference optical signals through the optical band-pass filter 1. In the receiver, the single wavelength laser is suitably shifted by adjusting the frequency divider, the bias voltage of the Mach-Zehnder modulator 2 is adjusted to enable the Mach-Zehnder modulator 2 to work at the minimum working point, the optical signal output by the Mach-Zehnder modulator 2 is amplified by the optical amplifier 2, and the +1 or-1 order sidebands which are the same as the reference optical signal are selected by the optical band pass filter 2 to be used as modulated optical signals to be input into the 90-degree optical mixer. The 90-degree optical mixer introduces 90-degree phase difference to one of the signals and outputs four orthogonal signals, and four output ports of the 90-degree optical mixer are respectively connected with two balanced photoelectric detectors to complete photoelectric conversion, so that a pair of intermediate frequency signals with the same amplitude and orthogonal phase can be obtained, and the function of orthogonal mixing is realized.
Let the single wavelength laser output by the laser be
Where E 0 is the optical wave amplitude and f c is the optical wave center frequency.
After the oscillation of the photoelectric loop is stable, the optical coupler 2 outputs an optical microwave signal which is amplified and filtered, and the reference optical signal output by the optical filter 1 can be expressed as
Where f x is the center frequency of the narrow-band electrical filter 1. In the present invention, both negative and positive first-order sidebands are selectable, where positive first-order sidebands are selected for illustration.
The transmitting signal is
The intermediate frequency signal obtained after frequency division is loaded on an acousto-optic modulator to shift the frequency of the single-wavelength laser. The frequency-shifted optical signal output by the acousto-optic modulator is expressed as
Where f Δ is the intermediate frequency signal frequency.
Then, the modulated optical signal output from the optical filter 2 is amplified and filtered by the Mach-Zehnder modulator driven by the received signal, and can be expressed as
Where f d represents the Doppler frequency generated by the moving object.
Subsequently, the reference optical signal output from the optical filter 1 and the modulated optical signal output from the optical filter 2 are simultaneously input into a 90 DEG optical mixer, and four optical signals are obtained
I 1、I2 and Q 1、Q2 are respectively input into two balanced photoelectric detectors for balanced photoelectric detection to obtain two paths of intermediate frequency electric signals
Comparing the two paths of intermediate frequency signals shown in the formula (7), the phase difference of the two paths of intermediate frequency signals is 90 degrees, and the amplitude is the same, so that the quadrature frequency mixing can be realized in an optical domain. Meanwhile, doppler frequency information brought by the moving target is also contained in the two paths of intermediate frequency signals shown in the formula (7), and the Doppler frequency can be extracted by performing down-conversion to a baseband through subsequent digital signal processing.
Claims (4)
1. A photon-assisted Doppler radar detection method is characterized in that single-wavelength laser is subjected to photoelectric oscillation, a modulation optical signal generated in the photoelectric oscillation process is led out to one path, the modulation optical signal is filtered to be a reference optical signal which only remains a single-side first-order sideband, a photo-generated microwave signal generated by the photoelectric oscillation is divided into two paths, one path is divided into an intermediate-frequency electric signal, and the other path is used as a radar transmitting signal to be transmitted; the intermediate frequency electric signal is used for carrying out frequency shift modulation on another path of optical signal led out in the photoelectric oscillation process, then the received radar echo signal is used for modulating the frequency shift optical signal obtained by frequency shift modulation, the frequency shift optical signal is filtered to be a modulated optical signal which only keeps the first-order sidebands on the same side as the reference optical signal, and the modulated optical signal and the reference optical signal are subjected to balanced photoelectric detection after being subjected to quadrature frequency mixing, so that two paths of intermediate frequency signals with the same amplitude and quadrature phase are obtained; and performing digital signal processing on the two paths of intermediate frequency signals to obtain two paths of low-frequency orthogonal signals carrying the Doppler information of the target, and further extracting the Doppler information of the target.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one path of optical signal extracted from the photoelectric oscillation process is a beam splitting signal of the single wavelength laser.
3. A photon-assisted doppler radar detection device, comprising:
the photoelectric oscillation module is used for carrying out photoelectric oscillation on the single-wavelength laser and dividing a photo-generated microwave signal generated by the photoelectric oscillation into two paths, wherein one path is divided into intermediate-frequency electric signals, and the other path is used as a radar transmitting signal for transmitting;
the reference light generation module is used for leading out one path of modulated light signals generated in the photoelectric oscillation process, and filtering the modulated light signals to obtain reference light signals with only one side of first-order sidebands;
the frequency shift modulation module is used for frequency shift modulating another path of optical signal led out from the photoelectric oscillation process by using the intermediate frequency electric signal;
The receiving signal modulation module is used for modulating the frequency-shifted optical signal obtained by frequency-shifted modulation by using the received radar echo signal, and filtering the frequency-shifted optical signal to obtain a modulated optical signal which only maintains first-order sidebands on the same side as the reference optical signal;
the quadrature mixing module is used for carrying out balanced photoelectric detection after carrying out quadrature mixing on the modulated optical signal output by the received signal modulation module and the reference optical signal to obtain two paths of intermediate frequency signals with the same amplitude and the quadrature phase;
And the signal acquisition and processing module is used for carrying out digital signal processing on the two paths of intermediate frequency signals to obtain two paths of low-frequency orthogonal signals carrying the Doppler information of the target, and further extracting the Doppler information of the target.
4. A photon assisted doppler radar detection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one path of optical signal extracted from the photoelectric oscillation process is a split signal of the single wavelength laser.
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