CN117523906A - Intelligent parking space guiding management system and method based on Internet of things - Google Patents
Intelligent parking space guiding management system and method based on Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
- G08G1/145—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas
- G08G1/148—Management of a network of parking areas
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- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
- G08G1/0125—Traffic data processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
- G08G1/0137—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles
- G08G1/0175—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles by photographing vehicles, e.g. when violating traffic rules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/065—Traffic control systems for road vehicles by counting the vehicles in a section of the road or in a parking area, i.e. comparing incoming count with outgoing count
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- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0968—Systems involving transmission of navigation instructions to the vehicle
- G08G1/096833—Systems involving transmission of navigation instructions to the vehicle where different aspects are considered when computing the route
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/123—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating the position of vehicles, e.g. scheduled vehicles; Managing passenger vehicles circulating according to a fixed timetable, e.g. buses, trains, trams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/123—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating the position of vehicles, e.g. scheduled vehicles; Managing passenger vehicles circulating according to a fixed timetable, e.g. buses, trains, trams
- G08G1/127—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating the position of vehicles, e.g. scheduled vehicles; Managing passenger vehicles circulating according to a fixed timetable, e.g. buses, trains, trams to a central station ; Indicators in a central station
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent parking space guiding management system and method based on the Internet of things, and relates to the technical field of parking space guiding management of parking lots, wherein the system comprises: the parking space detection system comprises a parking space detection module, a control center, an image acquisition module, an indication module and a mobile terminal; the parking space detection module is used for detecting the situation of parking of vehicles on a parking space; the image acquisition module is used for acquiring information of the vehicle license plate and identifying the vehicle license plate; the indication module comprises path guiding information; the control center analyzes the received parking space information and the license plate information of the vehicle and recommends a parking area for a vehicle owner entering a parking lot; the mobile terminal interacts with the vehicle owner to guide the vehicle owner to go to a parking area recommended by the control center for parking; the intelligent management system and the intelligent management method for the parking lot utilize advanced scientific technology to realize intelligent management of the parking lot, improve reliability of a parking lot management system, comfort of safety car owners of vehicles and improve safety, economy and use efficiency of the parking lot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of parking lot parking space guiding management, in particular to an intelligent parking space guiding management system and method based on the Internet of things.
Background
With the development of social economy, the holding amount of automobiles is continuously increased, and in order to meet the requirements of people for parking, the scale of a parking lot is also becoming larger, and the large-scale parking lot is generally divided into a plurality of parking areas; short-term parking has the characteristics of large parking space requirement, short parking time and large traffic flow, and through parking space guiding management, the parking efficiency of a vehicle owner can be improved, the time of congestion and queuing is reduced, and the occurrence rate of accidents is further reduced; however, the current parking lot guidance management system only provides the information of the number of remaining parking spaces in each area to the vehicle owners, and does not consider the time for parking the vehicles in the parking areas; as the parking time of the vehicle in the parking space increases, the possibility that the vehicle owner drives away is also increased gradually; when a vehicle owner drives out of the parking area, the rest vehicle owners entering the parking area can be influenced; how to select a proper parking area for a vehicle owner according to parking spaces and vehicle parking conditions in the parking area becomes a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent parking space guiding management system and method based on the Internet of things, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In one aspect of the present invention, an intelligent parking space guidance management system based on the internet of things is provided, including: the parking space detection system comprises a parking space detection module, a control center, an image acquisition module, an indication module and a mobile terminal; the output end of the parking space detection module is connected with the input end of the control center, and is used for detecting the parking situation of the vehicle on the parking space and sending the detection result to the control center; the output end of the image acquisition module is connected with the input end of the control center and is used for acquiring information of the vehicle license plate, identifying the vehicle license plate and sending an identification result to the control center; the indication module comprises path guiding information which is used for helping a vehicle owner to find a parking space and leave a parking lot; the output end of the control center is connected with the input end of the mobile terminal, and the received parking space information and vehicle license plate information are analyzed to recommend parking areas for vehicle owners entering a parking lot; and the mobile terminal interacts with the vehicle owner to guide the vehicle owner to go to a parking area recommended by the control center for parking.
The mobile terminal is provided with a parking application program, the parking application program receives the data of the control center, the parking application program applies for authorization to a user, positioning information of the user in a parking lot is obtained, and path guidance is provided for the user.
The image acquisition module and the indication module are deployed at the intersection of the parking lot; the image acquisition module further comprises a first communication unit, when a vehicle enters a road through an intersection, the image acquisition module determines license plate information of the vehicle and sends self-position information and the license plate information of the vehicle to the control center, and the control center monitors the position information and the license plate information of the image acquisition module.
The parking space detection module further comprises a second communication unit and a timer, and when a vehicle is parked in or leaves a parking space, time information, position information of the parking space, parking condition of the vehicle on the parking space and license plate information of the vehicle are sent to the control center.
The control center further comprises an analysis unit and a data storage unit, wherein the analysis unit determines a recommendation index of each parking area according to the time of parking the vehicle in the parking space, the distance between the parking area and the vehicle owners and the number of empty parking spaces in the parking area, and recommends the parking area with the best parking experience for the vehicle owners; the data storage unit is used for storing data of residence time of the historical vehicle in the parking lot and data of time spent by the historical vehicle entering each parking area from the entrance of the parking lot.
In another aspect of the invention, an intelligent parking space guiding management method based on the internet of things is provided, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s6-1, acquiring position information of an owner, wherein the position information refers to entrance position information of the owner entering a parking lot, and determining the distance between an entrance of the owner entering the parking lot and each parking area;
s6-2, acquiring the parking space condition of a parking area and the parking condition of a vehicle, wherein the parking space condition of the parking area refers to the proportion of empty parking spaces in the parking area to all parking spaces, and the parking condition of the vehicle refers to the parking time of the vehicle in the parking spaces;
s6-3, analyzing the parking space condition and the vehicle parking condition of the parking area, and recommending the parking area for the vehicle owner;
s6-4, guiding the vehicle owner to go to a recommended parking area for parking, and if the vehicle owner selects to use a parking application program, providing navigation for a user through the parking application program; if the user does not use the parking application program, the user is informed of the recommended parking area, and the user goes to the recommended parking area according to the indication module at the intersection.
In step S6-3, the method further comprises the following analysis steps:
determining parking area A i Number of empty spaces x 2 (i) Parking area A i Distance x from vehicle owner 3 (i) Record distance x 3 (i) Has a maximum value of b i Acquiring parking area A i Each vehicle in parking area A i Time t of parking i Parking area A i Total number of parking spaces a i Estimating the possible departure from parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) Wherein the value range of i is interval [1, n ]]A positive integer between the two, n is the number of parking areas;
calculate each parking area A i Recommended index scr of (2) i ；scr i ＝w 2 x 2 (i)/a i -w 1 x 1 (i)/a i -w 3 x 3 (i)/b i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein w is 1 Is the first weight, w 2 Is of a second weight, w 3 Is a third weight;
the number of the parking spaces in different parking areas may not be consistent, so that the proportion of the number of the empty parking spaces to the total number of the parking spaces and the possibility of leaving the parking area A are adopted i The ratio of the number of vehicles to the total parking space is more reasonable; the distance between the parking area and the vehicle owner is in length units, so that x is adopted 3 (i) And b i Ratio removes influence of dimension。
Number of empty spaces x 2 (i) The time for the vehicle owner to enter the parking space from the entrance of the parking area is influenced; out of parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) The time for the vehicle owner to travel from the entrance of the parking lot to the parking area is influenced, and when the vehicle owner leaves the parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) More vehicles are encountered by the vehicle owners in the process of going to the parking area; parking area A i Distance x from vehicle owner 3 (i) The time for the vehicle owner to go to the parking area is also influenced; the less time it takes to enter the parking space, the higher the experience of the vehicle owner, and thus the parking area A i Recommended index scr of (2) i And the number of the vacant parking spaces x 2 (i) In positive correlation with the out-of-park zone A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) And parking area A i Distance x from vehicle owner 3 (i) Inversely correlating; at the same time, the number of the vacant parking spaces is x 2 (i) With leaving parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) There is also a certain correlation, when the parking time is the same, the number of vacant parking spaces is x 2 (i) The more likely it is to leave parking area a i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) The fewer the parking area A i Recommended index scr of (2) i The higher, the agreement with the previous analysis.
Will recommend index scr i Highest parking area A i The parking area is recommended.
Estimating the possibility of leaving parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) The method also comprises the following analysis steps:
s8-1, acquiring historical parking time data of all vehicles in a parking lot; counting the number of vehicles in different parking times; recording the total number of historical vehicles as qu;
s8-2, drawing data points formed by the parking time and the number of vehicles into a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the parking time as an abscissa and the number of vehicles as an ordinate;
s8-3, according to the parking lot entrance position information of the vehicle, acquiring the time spent by other vehicles entering each parking area from the same entrance from the historical data, and countingCalculating that the rest vehicles enter the parking area A from the same entrance i The average of the spent time, denoted as sigma i ；
S8-4, obtaining a parking area A i Each vehicle in parking area A i Time t of parking i j The value range of j is [1, m]A positive integer between m is the current parking area A i The number of vehicles parked;
s8-5, finding out that the abscissa is larger than t in the plane rectangular coordinate system i j Will have an abscissa greater than t i j The corresponding vehicle numbers of the data points of the (a) are added to obtain the vehicle number with the abscissa larger than t i j Total number qu of vehicles of (2) i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating qu i j Ratio of qu to qu i j Qu, get the parking time greater than t i j Specific gravity qu of the vehicle owner of (2) i j /qu；
S8-6, finding out that the abscissa is larger than t in the plane rectangular coordinate system i j And less than t i j +σ i Will have an abscissa greater than t i j And less than t i j +σ i The corresponding vehicle numbers of the data points of the (a) are added to obtain the vehicle number with the abscissa larger than t i j And less than t i j +σ i Is the total number pu of vehicles i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculate pu i j Ratio to qu pu i j Qu, get the parking time greater than t i j And less than t i j +σ i Specific gravity pu of the vehicle owner i j /qu；
S8-7, recording the random variable of the parking time as pkt, and calculating that the parking time is less than t i j +σ i Specific gravity p of vehicle owner i j ，p i ＝p{pkt≤t i j +σ i |pkt≥t i j }＝p{t i j ≤pkt≤t i j +σ i }/p{pkt≥t i j }＝(pu i j /qu)/(qu i j /qu)＝pu i j /qu i j ；
S8-8, estimating possible leaving parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i)，x 1 (i)＝∑p i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When Sigma p i j When not an integer, x 1 (i) Rounding down.
Whether a single vehicle owner leaves the parking area cannot be determined, but the number of vehicle owners likely to drive out of the parking area can be estimated from historical data for all vehicle owners in the whole parking area; analyzing the proportion of the car owners of different parking times in all car owners through historical data, and determining the number of car owners possibly driving to leave a parking area according to the proportion; for example, it is determined from historical data that the proportion of owners having a parking time of more than 5 hours and less than 6 hours is 60% among all owners, and at this time, the number of owners having a parking time of more than 5 hours and less than 6 hours in the parking lot is 30, it can be estimated that 18 owners will have a parking time of more than 5 hours and less than 6 hours; meanwhile, the mode 18 is expressed, 18 can be expressed as 30 0.6 additions, the expected value of the number of the vehicle owners possibly driving out of the parking area which can be provided by each person is calculated, and the number of the vehicle owners possibly driving out of the parking area in the area is obtained after the addition; at this time, the number of the vehicle owners who possibly drive out of the parking area in the area can be calculated without completely consistent parking time of the vehicle owners in the parking area.
For parking area a already in the parking lot i Middle internal residence time t i j For the car owner, when the car owner enters the parking area A in the new car owner i The front driving leaves, so that the process that a new vehicle owner enters a parking area from a parking lot entrance is influenced; while the vehicle owner is already staying at t i j Continuously stay sigma in the parking lot under the condition of time i Time is equal to or greater than t under the known condition pkt i j The following conditional probability model;
the w is 1 And w 2 To update the parameters, the update is performed by:
monitoring each parking area A in real time i Number of empty spaces x 2 (i) Accounting for the total number of parking spaces a i Ratio x of (2) 2 (i)/a i For x 2 (i)/a i Performing outlier detection; when the outlier exists significantly higher than the rest of the values, then the weight w is reduced 1 Increasing the weight w 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the outlier exists and is significantly lower than the rest of the values, then the weight w is increased 1 Reduce the weight w 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Each parking area A i Recommended index scr of (2) i Can be influenced by 3 factors, when the vehicle is parked in a certain parking area for a long time, even if the proportion of empty spaces in the parking area is high, the recommendation index can be low, and the weight w needs to be reduced 1 Increasing the weight w 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the time for parking the vehicle in a certain parking area is short, the recommendation index may be high even if the ratio of empty spaces in the parking area is low, and the weight w needs to be increased 1 Reduce the weight w 2 ；
Optionally, detecting the outlier by using a box graph method comprises the following steps:
s9-1, obtain the ratio x 2 (i)/a i 25% quantile Q1 and 75% quantile Q3;
s9-2, calculating a quartile range IQR, wherein IQR=Q3-Q1;
s9-3, defining an upper bound max and a lower bound min, max=q3+1.5iqr, min=q1-1.5iqr;
s9-4, when the ratio x 2 (j)/a j When the value is larger than the upper limit max, judging that the value is an outlier; calculating the ratio x 2 (j)/a j Difference from the median e j For w 1 And w 2 Updating to obtain w 1 1 And w 2 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the j is a subset of the value range of i; the larger the difference between the outlier and the median is, the higher the weight needs to be adjusted, so as to achieve the effect of quickly eliminating the outlier.
w 1 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)w 1 ，w 2 1 ＝(1+e j /Max-Min)w 2 ；
When the ratio is x 2 (j)/a j When the value is smaller than the lower limit min, judging that the value is an outlier; calculating the ratio x 2 (j)/a j Difference from the median e j For w 1 And w 2 Updating to obtain w 1 1 And w 2 1 ；
w 1 1 ＝(1+e j /Max-Min)w 1 ，w 2 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)w 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Max and Min are x respectively 2 (i)/a i Maximum and minimum of (2);
in w 1 1 And w 2 1 Instead of w 1 And w 2 And calculating a recommended index of each parking area to guide the vehicle owner to park, and continuously updating the weight when the next vehicle enters the parking lot.
After the first weight and the second weight are updated for L times, the recommendation index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still the highest, and the third weight is adjusted, and L can be set by itself, for example, 10, 20, 30, etc., including the following steps:
setting the third weight to zero from an initial value, calculating the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier again when the vehicle enters the parking lot, and if the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still highest, restoring the third weight to the original value, and continuously updating the first weight and the second weight; if the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is not the highest, acquiring the position information of the parking area corresponding to the outlier and the position information of the parking area entrance through which the vehicle enters the parking area, and multiplying the initial value of the third weight by a coefficient (1-e j Max-Min) to reduce the value of the third weight to obtain w 3 1 ，w 3 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)…(1-e j /Max-Min)w 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When an external vehicle enters the parking lot from the same parking lot entrance, the obtained w is adopted for the parking area corresponding to the outlier 3 1 Calculating a recommendation index as a special third weight of the parking area corresponding to the outlierAnd in the parking area with the special third weight, adopting the general third weight to calculate.
Because the influence of the distance on the recommendation index, the recommendation index of the parking area with the short distance is higher than the recommendation index of the parking area with the long distance under the same condition, when the first weight and the second weight are updated for a plurality of times, the recommendation index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still the highest, and the influence of the distance is required to be detected; if the recommendation index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is not the highest after the third weight is set to zero, the abnormal value is indicated to be generated due to the overlarge influence of the distance, and the influence of the distance needs to be reduced; if the recommendation index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still the highest, this indicates that the first and second weight adjustments are not in place yet, not the influence of the distance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the automatic intelligent management of the parking lot is realized by utilizing advanced scientific technology, the reliability of a parking lot management system and the comfort of safety car owners of vehicles are improved, the manual participation is reduced to the greatest extent, so that a great amount of expenditure in manual aspects is saved, errors and losses caused by the manual aspects are reduced to the greatest extent, and the safety, economy and use efficiency of the parking lot are correspondingly improved; the recommendation index of each parking area is calculated by analyzing the parking space use condition and the vehicle parking time of each parking area in the parking lot, the parking areas are recommended for the vehicle owners, and the parking space utilization rate in each parking area is kept basically consistent.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent parking space guiding management system based on the internet of things in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, an intelligent parking space guiding management method based on the Internet of things is provided, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s6-1, acquiring position information of an owner of a vehicle, wherein the position information refers to entrance position information of a parking lot, and determining the distance between an entrance of the owner of the vehicle entering the parking lot and each parking area;
s6-2, acquiring the parking space condition of a parking area and the parking condition of a vehicle, wherein the parking space condition of the parking area refers to the proportion of empty parking spaces in the parking area to all parking spaces, and the parking condition of the vehicle refers to the parking time of the vehicle in the parking spaces; determining the number of empty parking spaces and the parking time of each vehicle in each parking area; when a vehicle is parked in a parking space, the parking space detection module sends position information, time information and license plate information to a control center, and when an external vehicle is ready to enter a parking space, the control center subtracts the time information uploaded by the parking space detection module from the current time to obtain the parking time of each vehicle in a parking area;
s6-3, analyzing the parking space condition and the vehicle parking condition of the parking area, and recommending the parking area for the vehicle owner;
determining parking area A i Number of empty spaces x 2 (i) Parking area A i Distance x from vehicle owner 3 (i) Record distance x 3 (i) Has a maximum value of b i Acquiring parking area A i Each vehicle in parking area A i Time t of parking i Parking area A i Total number of parking spaces a i Estimating the possible departure from parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) Wherein the value range of i is interval [1, n ]]A positive integer between the two, n is the number of parking areas;
determining possible departure from parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) By the following meansRow estimation:
s8-1, acquiring historical parking time data of all vehicles in a parking lot; counting the number of vehicles in different parking times; recording the total number of historical vehicles as qu;
s8-2, drawing data points formed by the parking time and the number of vehicles into a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the parking time as an abscissa and the number of vehicles as an ordinate;
s8-3, according to the parking lot entrance position information of the vehicle, obtaining the time spent by other vehicles entering each parking area from the same entrance from the historical data, and calculating the time spent by other vehicles entering the parking area A from the same entrance i The average of the spent time, denoted as sigma i ；
S8-4, obtaining a parking area A i Each vehicle in parking area A i Time t of parking i j The value range of j is [1, m]A positive integer between m is the current parking area A i The number of vehicles parked;
s8-5, finding out that the abscissa is larger than t in the plane rectangular coordinate system i j Will have an abscissa greater than t i j The corresponding vehicle numbers of the data points of the (a) are added to obtain the vehicle number with the abscissa larger than t i j Total number qu of vehicles of (2) i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating qu i j Ratio of qu to qu i j Qu, get the parking time greater than t i j Specific gravity qu of the vehicle owner of (2) i j /qu；
S8-6, finding out that the abscissa is larger than t in the plane rectangular coordinate system i j And less than t i j +σ i Will have an abscissa greater than t i j And less than t i j +σ i The corresponding vehicle numbers of the data points of the (a) are added to obtain the vehicle number with the abscissa larger than t i j And less than t i j +σ i Is the total number pu of vehicles i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculate pu i j Ratio to qu pu i j Qu, get the parking time greater than t i j And less than t i j +σ i Specific gravity pu of the vehicle owner i j /qu；
S8-7, recording the random variable of the parking time as pkt, and calculating that the parking time is less than t i j +σ i Specific gravity p of vehicle owner i j ，p i ＝p{pkt≤t i j +σ i |pkt≥t i j }＝p{t i j ≤pkt≤t i j +σ i }/p{pkt≥t i j }＝(pu i j /qu)/(qu i j /qu)＝pu i j /qu i j ；
S8-8, estimating possible leaving parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i)，x 1 (i)＝∑p i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When Sigma p i j When not an integer, x 1 (i) Rounding down.
The accuracy of the parking time can be set in other ways, and can be set to be in different forms of 30 minutes, 20 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes and the like;
calculate each parking area A i Recommended index scr of (2) i ；scr i ＝w 2 x 2 (i)/a i -w 1 x 1 (i)/a i -w 3 x 3 (i)/b i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein w is 1 、w 2 And w 3 Is the weight; w (w) 1 、w 2 And w 3 The initial values can be set to 1, 1 and 0.5, where w 1 And w 2 The parking space data can be automatically updated; the updating mode specifically comprises the following steps:
s9-1, obtain the ratio x 2 (i)/a i A median Q2, a 25% quantile Q1 and a 75% quantile Q3;
s9-2, calculating a quartile range IQR, wherein IQR=Q3-Q1;
s9-3, defining an upper bound max and a lower bound min, max=q3+1.5iqr, min=q1-1.5iqr;
s9-4, when the ratio x 2 (j)/a j When the value is larger than the upper limit max, judging that the value is an outlier; calculating the ratio x 2 (j)/a j Difference from the median e j For w 1 And w 2 Update to w 1 1 And w 2 1 Instead of w 1 And w 2 Calculating recommended indexes of all parking areas to guide a vehicle owner to park, and continuously updating weights when the next vehicle enters a parking lot; j is a subset of the value range of i; the larger the difference between the outlier and the median is, the higher the weight needs to be adjusted, so as to achieve the effect of quickly eliminating the outlier.
w 1 1 ＝[1-e j /(Max-Min)]w 1 ，w 2 1 ＝[1+e j /(Max-Min)]w 2 ；
When the ratio is x 2 (j)/a j When the value is smaller than the lower limit min, judging that the value is an outlier; calculating the ratio x 2 (j)/a j Difference from the median e j For w 1 And w 2 Updating;
w 1 1 ＝(1+e j /Max-Min)w 1 ，w 2 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)w 2 the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Max and Min are x respectively 2 (i)/a i Maximum and minimum of (2).
When the parking lot is divided into 10 parking areas, the empty space remaining rate of each parking area is respectively 0.51, 0.55, 0.41, 0.52, 0.49, 0.50, 0.56, 0.53, 0.52 and 0.51;
a median Q2 of 0.51, a 25% quantile Q1 of 0.495, a 75% quantile Q3 of 0.525, a quartile distance iqr=0.525-0.495=0.03; upper bound max=0.525+1.5×0.03=0.57, lower bound min=0.495-1.5×0.03=0.45; since 0.41 is smaller than the lower limit 0.45, it is determined that the empty space remaining rate of the third parking area is an outlier, and the empty space remaining rate is too low, which may cause occurrence of the outlier:
the third parking area has a shorter vehicle parking time than the other parking areas, resulting in a higher recommendation index, and the influence of the vehicle parking time on the recommendation index is weakened at this time; calculating a difference e between the empty space remaining rate and the median Q2 in the third parking area 3, ，e 3 = |0.41-0.51|=0.1 for w 1 And w 2 Update, w 1 1 ＝1*[1-0.1/(0.56-0.41)]＝0.33，w 2 1 ＝1*[1+0.1/(0.56-0.41)]=1.66; calculating the recommendation index again, if the recommendation index of the third parking area is not the highest, finishing once w 1 And w 2 Is updated according to the update of (a); for the following vehicles according to the updated w 1 1 And w 2 1 Selecting a parking area;
when the weight is updated for more than 30 times, the recommendation index of the third parking area is still the highest, and the recommendation index of the third parking area is high because the third parking area is close to the entrance of the parking lot; after the first weight and the second weight are updated for a plurality of times, the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still highest, the third weight is adjusted, the third weight is set to zero from an initial value, the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is calculated again when the vehicle enters the parking lot, if the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still highest, the third weight is restored to the original value, and the updating of the first weight and the second weight is continued; if the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is not the highest, acquiring the position information of the parking area corresponding to the outlier and the position information of the parking area entrance through which the vehicle enters the parking area, and multiplying the initial value of the third weight by a coefficient (1-e j Max-Min) to reduce the value of the third weight to obtain w 3 1 ，w 3 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)…(1-e j /Max-Min)w 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When an external vehicle enters the parking lot from the same parking lot entrance, the obtained w is adopted for the parking area corresponding to the outlier 3 1 And calculating a recommendation index as a special third weight of the parking area corresponding to the outlier, and calculating the parking area without the special third weight by adopting a general third weight.
S6-4, guiding the vehicle owner to go to a recommended parking area for parking, and if the vehicle owner selects to use a parking application program, providing navigation for a user through the parking application program; if the user does not use the parking application program, the user is informed of the recommended parking area, and the user goes to the recommended parking area according to the indication module at the intersection.
When the parking requirement of the vehicle owner is finished, the parking space detection module detects license plate data of the vehicle in the parking space, the vehicle owner can determine the parking position of the vehicle owner through a parking application program, and the vehicle owner can go to a parking area according to navigation of the parking application program; meanwhile, a timer is arranged on the parking space detection module, so that a vehicle owner can verify charging information from a parking application program and finish payment; when the car owner does not use the parking application program, the car owner can go to the parking area according to the indication modules arranged at all the intersections, and payment is carried out through the manual window.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The intelligent parking space guiding management system based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising a parking space detection module, a control center, an image acquisition module, an indication module and a mobile terminal; the output end of the parking space detection module is connected with the input end of the control center, and is used for detecting the parking situation of the vehicle on the parking space and sending the detection result to the control center; the output end of the image acquisition module is connected with the input end of the control center and is used for acquiring information of the vehicle license plate, identifying the vehicle license plate and sending an identification result to the control center; the indication module comprises path guiding information which is used for helping a vehicle owner to find a parking space and leave a parking lot; the output end of the control center is connected with the input end of the mobile terminal, and the received parking space information and license plate information of the parking lot are analyzed to recommend parking areas for car owners entering the parking lot; and the mobile terminal interacts with the vehicle owner to guide the vehicle owner to go to a parking area recommended by the control center for parking.
2. The intelligent parking stall guidance management system based on the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein the image acquisition module and the indication module are deployed at an intersection of a parking lot; the image acquisition module further comprises a first communication unit, when a vehicle enters a road through an intersection, the image acquisition module determines license plate information of the vehicle and sends self-position information and the license plate information of the vehicle to the control center, and the control center monitors the position information and the license plate information of the image acquisition module.
3. The intelligent parking space guidance management system based on the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein a parking application program is deployed on the mobile terminal, the parking application program receives data of the control center, the parking application program applies for authorization to a user, positioning information of the user in a parking lot is obtained, and path guidance is provided for the user.
4. The intelligent parking space guidance management system based on the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein the parking space detection module further comprises a second communication unit and a timer, and when a vehicle is parked in and out of a parking space, time information, position information of the parking space, parking condition of the vehicle on the parking space and license plate information of the vehicle are transmitted to the control center.
5. The intelligent parking space guiding management system based on the Internet of things, wherein the control center further comprises an analysis unit and a data storage unit, and the analysis unit determines a recommendation index of each parking area according to the time of parking the vehicle in the parking space, the distance between the parking area and a vehicle owner and the number of empty parking spaces in the parking area, and recommends a parking area with the best parking experience for the vehicle owner; the data storage unit is used for storing data of residence time of the historical vehicle in the parking lot and data of time spent by the historical vehicle entering each parking area from the entrance of the parking lot.
6. The intelligent parking space guiding management method based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising the following analysis steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s6-1, acquiring position information of an owner, wherein the position information refers to entrance position information of the owner entering a parking lot, and determining the distance between an entrance of the owner entering the parking lot and each parking area;
s6-2, acquiring the parking space condition of a parking area and the parking condition of a vehicle, wherein the parking space condition of the parking area refers to the proportion of empty parking spaces in the parking area to all parking spaces, and the parking condition of the vehicle refers to the parking time of the vehicle in the parking spaces;
s6-3, analyzing the parking space condition and the vehicle parking condition of the parking area, and recommending the parking area for the vehicle owner;
s6-4, guiding the vehicle owner to go to a recommended parking area for parking, and if the vehicle owner selects to use a parking application program, providing navigation for a user through the parking application program; if the user does not use the parking application program, the user is informed of the recommended parking area, and the user goes to the recommended parking area according to the indication module at the intersection.
7. The intelligent parking space guiding management method based on the internet of things according to claim 6, wherein in step S6-3, the method further comprises the following analysis steps:
determining parking area A i Number of empty spaces x 2 (i) Parking area A i Distance x from vehicle owner 3 (i) Record distance x 3 (i) Has a maximum value of b i Acquiring parking area A i Each vehicle in parking area A i Time t of parking i Parking area A i Total number of parking spaces a i Estimating the possible departure from parking area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) Wherein the value range of i is interval [1, n ]]A positive integer between the two, n is the number of parking areas;
calculate each parking area A i Recommended index scr of (2) i ；scr i ＝w 2 x 2 (i)/a i -w 1 x 1 (i)/a i -w 3 x 3 (i)/b i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein w is 1 、w 2 And w 3 Is the weight;
will recommend index scr i Highest parking area A i The parking area is recommended.
8. The intelligent parking space guiding management method based on the internet of things according to claim 7, wherein the estimated possible leaving parking area a i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i) The method also comprises the following analysis steps:
s8-1, acquiring historical parking time data of all vehicles in a parking lot; counting the number of vehicles in different parking times; recording the total number of historical vehicles as qu;
s8-2, drawing data points formed by the parking time and the number of vehicles into a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the parking time as an abscissa and the number of vehicles as an ordinate;
s8-3, according to the parking lot entrance position information of the vehicle, obtaining the time spent by other vehicles entering each parking area from the same entrance from the historical data, and calculating the time spent by other vehicles entering the parking area A from the same entrance i The average of the spent time, denoted as sigma i ；
S8-4, obtaining a parking area A i Each vehicle in parking area A i Time t of parking i j The value range of j is [1, m]A positive integer between m is the current parking area A i The number of vehicles parked;
s8-5, finding out that the abscissa is larger than t in the plane rectangular coordinate system i j Will have an abscissa greater than t i j The corresponding vehicle numbers of the data points of the (a) are added to obtain the vehicle number with the abscissa larger than t i j Total number qu of vehicles of (2) i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating qu i j Ratio of qu to qu i j Qu, get the parking time greater than t i j Specific gravity qu of the vehicle owner of (2) i j /qu；
S8-6, finding out that the abscissa is larger than t in the plane rectangular coordinate system i j And less than t i j +σ i Will have an abscissa greater than t i j And less than t i j +σ i The corresponding vehicle numbers of the data points of the (a) are added to obtain the vehicle number with the abscissa larger than t i j And less than t i j +σ i Is the total number pu of vehicles i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculate pu i j Ratio to qu pu i j Qu, get the parking time greater than t i j And less than t i j +σ i Specific gravity pu of the vehicle owner i j /qu；
S8-7, recording the random variable of the parking time as pkt, and calculating that the parking time is less than t i j +σ i Specific gravity p of vehicle owner i j ，p i ＝p{pkt≤t i j +σ i |pkt≥t i j }＝p{t i j ≤pkt≤t i j +σ i }/p{pkt≥t i j }＝(pu i j /qu)/(qu i j /qu)＝pu i j /qu i j ；
S8-8, estimating possible leaving stopVehicle area A i Vehicle number x of (2) 1 (i)，x 1 (i)＝∑p i j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When Sigma p i j When not an integer, x 1 (i) Rounding down.
9. The intelligent parking space guiding management method based on the internet of things of claim 7, wherein w is as follows 1 And w 2 To update parameters, when a vehicle enters a parking lot, for w 1 And w 2 Updating, substituting the updated weight into a formula to calculate the recommended index of each parking area, w 1 And w 2 The update is performed by:
monitoring each parking area A in real time i Number of hollow remaining parking spaces x 2 (i) Accounting for the total number of parking spaces a i Ratio x of (2) 2 (i)/a i For x 2 (i)/a i Performing outlier detection; when the outlier exists and is significantly higher than the rest values, the first weight w is reduced 1 Increasing the second weight w 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the outlier exists and is significantly lower than the rest values, the first weight w is increased 1 Reduce the second weight w 2 ；
Detecting an outlier by a box line graph method, and updating w according to the difference between the outlier and the upper bound max and the lower bound min 1 And w 2 The method comprises the following two cases:
when the ratio is x 2 (j)/a j When the value is larger than the upper limit max, judging that the value is an outlier; calculating the ratio x 2 (j)/a j Difference from the median e j For w 1 And w 2 Updating; j is a subset of the value range of i;
w 1 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)w 1 ，w 2 1 ＝(1+e j /Max-Min)w 2 ；
in w 1 1 And w 2 1 Instead of w 1 And w 2 Calculating recommended indexes of all parking areas to guide car owners to park, and continuously carrying out first and second weights when the next car enters a parking lotUpdating;
when the ratio is x 2 (j)/a j When the value is smaller than the lower limit min, judging that the value is an outlier; calculating the ratio x 2 (j)/a j Difference from the median e j For w 1 And w 2 Updating to obtain w 1 1 And w 2 1 ；
w 1 1 ＝(1+e j /Max-Min)w 1 ，w 2 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)w 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Max and Min are x respectively 2 (i)/a i Maximum and minimum of (2);
in w 1 1 And w 2 1 Instead of w 1 And w 2 And calculating a recommended index of each parking area to guide the vehicle owner to park, and continuously updating the first weight and the second weight when the next vehicle enters the parking lot.
10. The intelligent parking space guiding management method based on the internet of things according to claim 9, wherein after the first and second weights are updated for L times, if the recommendation index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still the highest, the third weight is adjusted, and the method comprises the following steps:
setting the third weight to zero from an initial value, calculating the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier again when the vehicle enters the parking lot, and if the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is still highest, restoring the third weight to the original value, and continuously updating the first weight and the second weight; if the recommended index of the parking area corresponding to the outlier is not the highest, acquiring the position information of the parking area corresponding to the outlier and the position information of the parking area entrance through which the vehicle enters the parking area, and multiplying the initial value of the third weight by a coefficient (1-e j Max-Min) to reduce the value of the third weight to obtain w 3 1 ，w 3 1 ＝(1-e j /Max-Min)…(1-e j /Max-Min)w 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When an external vehicle enters the parking lot from the same parking lot entrance, the obtained parking area corresponding to the outlier is adoptedw 3 1 And calculating a recommendation index as a special third weight of the parking area corresponding to the outlier, and calculating the parking area without the special third weight by adopting a general third weight.
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